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Shmukler A, Haramati A, Haramati LB. Overview of Common Surgical Procedures in CHD. Semin Roentgenol 2020; 55:264-278. [PMID: 32859343 DOI: 10.1053/j.ro.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shmukler
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY..
| | - Adina Haramati
- Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | - Linda B Haramati
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Rengier F, Delles M, Eichhorn J, Azad YJ, von Tengg-Kobligk H, Ley-Zaporozhan J, Dillmann R, Kauczor HU, Unterhinninghofen R, Ley S. Noninvasive 4D pressure difference mapping derived from 4D flow MRI in patients with repaired aortic coarctation: comparison with young healthy volunteers. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 31:823-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Gaca AM, Jaggers JJ, Dudley LT, Bisset GS. Repair of Congenital Heart Disease: A Primer–Part 1. Radiology 2008; 247:617-31. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2473061909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Boechat MI, Ratib O, Williams PL, Gomes AS, Child JS, Allada V. Cardiac MR Imaging and MR Angiography for Assessment of Complex Tetralogy of Fallot and Pulmonary Atresia. Radiographics 2005; 25:1535-46. [PMID: 16284133 DOI: 10.1148/rg.256045052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Breath-hold electrocardiographically gated cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and contrast material-enhanced MR angiography are emerging as ideal techniques for the evaluation of complex congenital heart disease. Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease and, in its classic form, is associated with varying degrees of hypoplasia of the central and peripheral pulmonary arteries, with valvar pulmonary atresia and collateral aortopulmonary vessels occupying the extreme end of the spectrum. Accurate assessment of the size and anatomy of the pulmonary arteries is often difficult with echocardiography and conventional cineangiography. Compared with echocardiography in particular, cardiac MR imaging with three-dimensional reconstruction has distinct advantages for pre- or postoperative assessment of pulmonary anatomy in patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia. MR imaging enables the clear and complete depiction of anatomy and thus can provide additional information about pulmonary artery abnormalities that are difficult to evaluate with conventional cardiac imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ines Boechat
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Box 951721, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1721, USA.
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Boxt LM. Magnetic resonance and computed tomographic evaluation of congenital heart disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2004; 19:827-47. [PMID: 15170787 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) provide noninvasive visualization of morphologic changes in pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease, as well as the functional changes caused by the underlying morphologic abnormalities. Clinical experience with MRI is richer than that with fast CT, but CT appears to provide accurate and high-quality imagery for diagnosis. The two modalities may be complementary. That is, intracardiac anatomy is so well depicted by MRI, and CT provides exquisite images of the great vessels. Furthermore, in adult patients, MR and CT are helpful in demonstrating and quantitating physiologic changes superimposed by acquired cardiovascular disease on the underlying congenital malformations. Using MRI, spin echo acquisitions provide the image data for evaluation of morphologic changes, and gradient reversal techniques add functional and flow data to complement morphologic changes. Contrast-enhanced electrocardiographic (ECG)-gated multidetector and electron beam CT examination provide morphologic information and may be used as a data set for off-line functional quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Boxt
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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Abstract
MR examination of patients with congenital heart disease is a useful means of explicitly demonstrating chamber morphology and, in particular, morphologic changes caused by physiologic changes brought on by particular defects. Use of MR techniques allows characterization of chamber morphology for determination of cardiac connections and great artery relationships. The high-contrast resolution of spin echo acquisition provides important morphologic detail. Cine gradient echo techniques complement spin echo acquisition by providing functional and flow information. Although MR examination complements echocardiographic investigation in pediatric and adult patients, is may be useful for replacing angiocardiography, shortening examination time, and decreasing morbidity in diagnostic workups of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Boxt
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Medical Center, First Avenue at 16th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Didier D, Ratib O, Beghetti M, Oberhaensli I, Friedli B. Morphologic and functional evaluation of congenital heart disease by magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 1999; 10:639-55. [PMID: 10548772 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(199911)10:5<639::aid-jmri7>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved sufficiently to be recognized as a useful complementary noninvasive method to echocardiography in the evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD). In some cases, MRI is superior to other imaging modalities, particularly in the evaluation of thoracic aortic anomalies and in defining the anatomy of central pulmonary arteries; it is also the procedure of choice in the postoperative follow-up of patients with CHD. Recent technological advances permit not only morphological evaluation (provided by spin-echo and MR angiographic techniques) but functional and flow information (provided by fast cine-GE and velocity-encoded sequences), causing it to be recognized by pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons as an unavoidable technique for pre- and postoperative evaluation of some CHD. This review describes the various techniques used in the evaluation of CHD with emphasis on recent developments as well as recognized clinical applications. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:639-655.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Didier
- Départements de Radiologie et Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire de Genève, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Yoo SJ, Kim YM, Choe YH. Magnetic resonance imaging of complex congenital heart disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIAC IMAGING 1999. [PMID: 10453414 DOI: 10.1023/a: 1006180021670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current MR techniques enable both anatomical and functional evaluations of the heart. Although it is rarely used as a primary diagnostic tool in pediatric cardiology, it can be used as a valuable adjunct to echocardiography and angiography. MRI is particularly useful in clarification of morphology of complex congenital heart diseases. It is the most accurate method of determination of visceral and atrial situs. It is easy to evaluate the systemic and pulmonary venous connections that are very important for the Fontan type of operation, especially in patients with visceral heterotaxy. It facilitates demonstration of diminutive pulmonary arteries in patients with pulmonary atresia. It clearly demonstrates juxtaposition of the atrial appendages that is often missed by echocardiography. The anatomy of the twisted atrioventricular connections is much more clear in MRI than in echocardiography. It enables en face imaging of ventricular septal defect that provides a surgical view. We find en face imaging particularly helpful in patients with double inlet left ventricle and transposition of the great arteries where the size of the ventricular septal defect governs the blood flow into the aorta. It is often advantageous to echocardiography in defining the type of univentricular atrioventricular connections by demonstrating the position and topology of the rudimentary chamber in difficult cases. In double outlet right ventricle, the spatial relationship of the ventricular septal defect to the great arterial valves can be clearly defined by visualizing the ventricular septal defect and the outlet septum in the same imaging plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Sejong Heart Institute, Pucheon, Korea
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Yoo SJ, Kim YM, Choe YH. Magnetic resonance imaging of complex congenital heart disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIAC IMAGING 1999; 15:151-60. [PMID: 10453414 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006180021670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Current MR techniques enable both anatomical and functional evaluations of the heart. Although it is rarely used as a primary diagnostic tool in pediatric cardiology, it can be used as a valuable adjunct to echocardiography and angiography. MRI is particularly useful in clarification of morphology of complex congenital heart diseases. It is the most accurate method of determination of visceral and atrial situs. It is easy to evaluate the systemic and pulmonary venous connections that are very important for the Fontan type of operation, especially in patients with visceral heterotaxy. It facilitates demonstration of diminutive pulmonary arteries in patients with pulmonary atresia. It clearly demonstrates juxtaposition of the atrial appendages that is often missed by echocardiography. The anatomy of the twisted atrioventricular connections is much more clear in MRI than in echocardiography. It enables en face imaging of ventricular septal defect that provides a surgical view. We find en face imaging particularly helpful in patients with double inlet left ventricle and transposition of the great arteries where the size of the ventricular septal defect governs the blood flow into the aorta. It is often advantageous to echocardiography in defining the type of univentricular atrioventricular connections by demonstrating the position and topology of the rudimentary chamber in difficult cases. In double outlet right ventricle, the spatial relationship of the ventricular septal defect to the great arterial valves can be clearly defined by visualizing the ventricular septal defect and the outlet septum in the same imaging plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Sejong Heart Institute, Pucheon, Korea
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Seelos KC, von Smekal A, Steinborn M, Gieseke J, Redel DA, Reiser M. MR angiography of congenital heart disease: value of segmented two-dimensional inflow technique and maximum-intensity-projection display. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994; 4:29-36. [PMID: 8148553 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880040109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the cardiovascular system was evaluated in 41 patients with congenital heart disease by using a two-dimensional (2D) inflow technique based on a magnetization-prepared gradient-echo pulse sequence with segmented k-space data acquisition and electrocardiographic gating at 0.5 T. Inversion and saturation prepulses were used to suppress stationary tissue and enhance intravascular signal. Presaturation slabs were applied where certain vascular structures had to be suppressed. Sequence parameters were optimized by evaluating signal intensity and contrast characteristics for various flip angles and inversion and saturation delay times. The heart and intrathoracic vasculature were encompassed with 40-50 overlapping sections. Both 2D angiograms and maximum-intensity-projection images were evaluated. Combining data sets acquired in the sagittal and transverse orientations provided the most satisfactory information about the pulmonary arteries. The highest signal-to-noise ratios were obtained with a flip angle of 65 degrees and short prepulse delay times. Two-dimensional MR angiography can provide useful diagnostic information but requires a thorough understanding of in-plane and hemodynamically induced signal intensity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Seelos
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Germany
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Bisset GS. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Congenital Heart Disease in the Pediatric Patient. Radiol Clin North Am 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)02698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gross GW, Steiner RM. Radiographic Manifestations of Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult Patient. Radiol Clin North Am 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)02699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Abstract
The polysplenia syndrome is the association of multiple spleens, situs inversus, congenital heart disease, and azygous continuation of the inferior vena cava. Magnetic resonance (MR) is a noninvasive imaging modality which can easily confirm the multiplicity of spleens, situs inversus, and identify complex congenital cardiovascular malformations. The anomalies of the polysplenia syndrome as imaged by MR are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jelinek
- Department of Radiology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20307-5001
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Reed JD, Soulen RL. Cardiovascular MRI: Current Role in Patient Management. Radiol Clin North Am 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)01008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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