1
|
Wang T, Zhi J, Pan B, Jiang H. The impact of national health insurance on the cost of auricular reconstruction with skin expansion for microtia in China: A single-center retrospective study based on 1290 surgeries. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 94:62-71. [PMID: 38763056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital microtia presents challenges that encompass physical disabilities and psychosocial distress. It is reported that people with low income have a higher possibility of giving birth to babies with congenital malformations. At the end of June 2023, auricular reconstruction was partially incorporated into national health insurance in our hospital. METHODS Briefly, 1290 surgeries, including stage-I and stage-II auricular reconstruction with tissue expansion were performed in 2023, involving 779 patients. Patient data, including age, sex, length of stay, residence, and costs, were retrieved from the electronic medical record system. The final cost before and after health insurance coverage, as well as the medical insurance reimbursement ratio in each province and municipality were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Following insurance coverage, a significant increase in the number of surgeries was observed (514 [39.84%] vs. 776 [60.16%], χ2 = 45.99, p = 0.000), with notable reductions in out-of-pocket costs for unilateral and bilateral stage-I and -II auricular reconstructions ($3915.01 vs. $6645.28, p < 0.05; $11546.80 vs. $5198.08, p < 0.05). Disparities in reimbursement rates across regions were evident, but showed no correlation to the local GDP per capita. There was a positive correlation between the length of stay and inpatient cost. Patient's age was not related to the inpatient cost, but to the length of stay. CONCLUSION The health insurance coverage for microtia treatment significantly alleviated financial burdens on the patients' family and increased the number of auricular reconstruction surgeries. These findings underscore the critical role of insurance coverage in enhancing healthcare accessibility and affordability for patients with congenital microtia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Wang
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zhi
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Department of Auricular Reconstruction, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhatia H, Agarwal P, Kaur R, Pol S. Congenital Peri-Lymphatic Fistula: is CT Imaging Enough? Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:4148-4150. [PMID: 37974808 PMCID: PMC10645794 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital SNHL patients uncommonly present with radiologically evident anomalies. While inner ear malformations are found in a small percentage of such cases, congenital peri-lymphatic fistula is an even rarely reported entity. We present such a case of a two-year old child who was diagnosed with both the entities on comprehensive imaging with CT as well as MRI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03893-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Bhatia
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Post graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Purnima Agarwal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Government Medical College and Hospital, sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Government Medical College and Hospital, sector 32, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shashikant Pol
- Department of ENT and head neck surgery Dr. Vasant Rao Pawar Medical College and Research Centre, Nashik, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The genes for sensory perception of sound should be considered in gene diagnosis of congenital sensorineural hearing loss and microtia. J Appl Genet 2022; 63:327-337. [PMID: 35000142 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSHL) and microtia are development-related diseases, sharing some factors and affecting children's hearing. However, genetic tests only focus on CSHL. We try to identify the common molecular mechanism of CSHL and microtia as candidates combining gene diagnosis biomarkers. Whole-exon sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, qPCR, and bioinformatics analyses were performed in microtia family (F1), family two, whose proband suffered from microtia and CSHL (F2), five microtia, and four CSHL individuals, respectively. We found that 40% microtia and 40% CSHL relevant genes were detected in F1 and a sharing pathway: the sensory perception of sound was identified. Moreover, the copy number variation in proband F2 was identified in one gene of the sharing pathway: EYA1. Meanwhile, two variants of BUB3 were identified in F1 data. BUB3 is related to development, dog ear type, direct and indirect interaction with microtia, and CSHL relevant genes. Notably, although the allele frequency of two variants of BUB3 showed significant differences between microtia and CSHL, the special microtia-relevant genotype also could be detected in one CSHL sample. These results suggest that the sensory perception of sound and the development of relevant pathways may be the common pathways of microtia and CSHL. Genes of these pathways can be used as candidates combining gene diagnosis biomarkers.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhatia H, Aggarwal P. Dandy–Walker malformation presenting with hearing loss: A unique imaging diagnosis. J Pediatr Neurosci 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_321_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
5
|
D'Arco F, Youssef A, Ioannidou E, Bisdas S, Pinelli L, Caro-Dominguez P, Nash R, Siddiqui A, Talenti G. Temporal bone and intracranial abnormalities in syndromic causes of hearing loss: an updated guide. Eur J Radiol 2019; 123:108803. [PMID: 31891841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe in detail the temporal bone and brain findings in both common and rare syndromic causes of hearing loss, with the purpose of broadening among radiologists and enhance the current understanding of distinct imaging features in paediatric patients with syndromic hearing loss. METHODS A detailed search of electronic databases has been conducted, including PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), Embase, and PsycINFO. RESULTS Syndromic causes of hearing loss are characterised by different and sometimes specific abnormalities in the temporal bone. CONCLUSION A complete knowledge of the image findings in the temporal bones, brain, skull and other body regions is critical for the optimal assessment and management of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felice D'Arco
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Adam Youssef
- Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | - Sotirios Bisdas
- Department of Neuroradiology, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pinelli
- Neuroradiology Unit, Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Robert Nash
- Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Ata Siddiqui
- Department of Neuroradiology,Guy's and St.Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giacomo Talenti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Pathology, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sepahdari AR, Zipser BD, Pakdaman MN. Imaging of congenital temporal bone anomalies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otot.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
Histopathologic investigation of the dimensions of the cochlear nerve canal in normal temporal bones. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75:464-7. [PMID: 21296431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Establish normative histopathologic data on the dimensions of the cochlear nerve canal (CNC). BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that when the CNC is stenotic, the cochlear nerve may be hypoplastic. There is clear agreement in the literature that an internal auditory canal less than 2 mm in diameter is a relative contraindication to cochlear implantation in children. However, there has only been recent recognition in research that a narrowed CNC may lead to diminished ability to interpolate and use auditory information delivered through a cochlear implant. However, there is no consensus in the literature on the normal diameter of the CNC and what parameters should be used to determine stenosis. In addition, no normative histopathologic data is available for CNCs. METHODS This study evaluated histopathologic axial sections from normal human temporal bones to measure the cochlear nerve canal in 110 individuals, aged 0-100 years. The maximum CNC diameter in each normal patient was identified and measured. RESULTS The mean CNC diameter was 2.26 mm with a standard deviation of 0.25 mm. There were no differences in the CNC diameters between males and females or with increasing age. CONCLUSION These measurements should provide a normative reference for comparison in histopathologic and radiographic assessment of any patient with suspected cochlear nerve canal stenosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Deenadayal DS, Kumar MN, Pandaredathil S, Patel SH. Mondini dysplasia with paradoxical cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 143:851-2. [PMID: 21109092 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Bilgen C, Kirkim G, Kirazli T. Middle ear impedance measurements in large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. Auris Nasus Larynx 2009; 36:263-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 04/05/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
11
|
Legeais M, Haguenoer K, Cottier JP, Sirinelli D. Can a fixed measure serve as a pertinent diagnostic criterion for large vestibular aqueduct in children? Pediatr Radiol 2006; 36:1037-42. [PMID: 16865391 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-006-0263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A vestibular aqueduct midpoint width greater than 1.50 mm is currently considered to be pathognomonic for a large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. OBJECTIVE To analyse the diameter of the vestibular aqueduct in children as a function of age and consequently to determine if a fixed measure could serve as a pertinent diagnostic criterion. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 200 high-resolution CT scans of the ear in 100 patients aged 0-16 years and from various paediatric medical departments. On each CT scan, the lateral semicircular canal diameter, the vestibular aqueduct midpoint width between the external aperture and common crus, and the vestibular aqueduct external aperture diameter were measured. Spearman's rank test and the Mann-Whitney correlation test were used for an integrated statistical analysis. RESULTS There was no statistically significant variability in vestibular aqueduct diameter as a function of age or sex of patients. CONCLUSION A CT scan threshold value, fixed and independent of age and sex, is thus legitimate for the diagnosis of vestibular aqueduct dilatation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Legeais
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHU de TOURS, 2 Boulevard Tonnelé, 37044, Tours cedex, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
This article outlines the clinical, central nervous system, and neuropathologic features,pathogenesis, genetics, molecular biology, and neuroimaging characteristics of the rare vascular phakomatoses, melanophakomatoses, and organoid phakomatoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Edelstein
- Department of Radiology, MIA Group Limited Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (a) To report computed tomography findings of eight new cases with Waardenburg's syndrome (WS) type I and review reported temporal bone radiographic and histopathological findings in WS with hearing loss; (b) To determine the frequency of inner ear pathologies that may contraindicate cochlear implantation. METHODS A review of 1166 pediatric patients with sensorineural hearing loss revealed 12 cases (1%) with WS, whose family screenings disclosed additional 12 subjects with the same disorder. Among these 24 cases, eight had WS type I and were subjected to computed tomography scanning of temporal bone. Imaging findings of 28 cases reported previously in English literature were evaluated together with our eight patients. RESULTS Malformation of the inner ear was found in none of the nine WS type I cases evaluated here, while the frequency of internal acoustic canal malformation was 11%. Regardless of the subtypes of the syndrome, 6 of 36 cases (17%) had radiological abnormality of the inner ear. Malformation and/or absence of the semicircular canals were the most common congenital abnormality of the inner ear. Hypoplasia of the cochlea was present in 3 of 36 cases (8%). CONCLUSIONS Abnormality of bony labyrinth in WS with congenital deafness is not a frequent finding, particularly in WS type I. Therefore, the otologist and audiologist must keep in mind that most of these cases are suitable for cochlear implantation regarding inner ear anatomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Oysu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taksim State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mafee MF. Congenital sensorineural hearing loss and enlarged endolymphatic sac and duct: role of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2000; 11:10-24. [PMID: 10782723 DOI: 10.1097/00002142-200002000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During the past 20 years, there have been significant advances in cochlear implants as the treatment of choice for profoundly hearing-impaired children. The increasing application of cochlear implant has brought with it an increase in the investigational use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, the author reviews (a) the anatomy and embryology of the inner ear, (b) the pathological changes associated with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and (c) the spectrum of imaging findings in patients with SNHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Mafee
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rothschild MA, Wackym PA, Silvers AR, Som PM. Isolated primary unilateral stenosis of the internal auditory canal. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1999; 50:219-24. [PMID: 10595667 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5876(99)00236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital primary stenosis of the internal auditory canal (IAC) may exist in isolation or along with a number of other osseous anomalies of the temporal bone. Most of the literature on IAC stenosis is concerned with its effect on the outcome of cochlear implantation (i.e. patients with profound bilateral hearing loss). In addition, some degree of canal asymmetry has been noted in patients with normal hearing, questioning the causal relationship of this finding to deafness. We describe two children with computed tomography (CT) documented severe primary unilateral narrowing of the IAC and an associated ipsilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Typical radiographic findings are described, and the relevant developmental pathology is discussed. The ipsilateral association of stenosis and hearing loss strengthens the link between narrowing of the IAC and deafness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Rothschild
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Calzolari F, Garani G, Sensi A, Martini A. Clinical and radiological evaluation in children with microtia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY 1999; 33:303-12. [PMID: 10890145 DOI: 10.3109/03005369909090114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The management of a child with congenital ear malformation, in particular if the external ear is severely involved, is difficult because of the complexity of the therapeutic problem, and that of parental anxiety. It is very important to plan a complete therapeutic/habilitative programme as soon as possible, even if surgical procedures are delayed. Diagnostic imaging plays an important role in the global assessment of a child with microtia, in order to diagnose possible associated external auditory canal, middle and inner ear malformations. For these reasons our diagnostic protocol for children with microtia includes otological and audiological evaluation, clinical genetics and radiological imaging, from the neonatal period. Here, data are reported on 27 children with microtia who completed the diagnostic protocol. In eight of 27 cases microtia was bilateral: in unilateral cases the right side was affected more frequently. Other congenital malformations were diagnosed in 41% of cases. A high correlation between the degree of microtia and the frequency of external and middle ear dysplasias was found, in accordance with larger studies of the literature. Inner ear malformations were found less frequently, but without apparent correlation with the degree of microtia. The fact that children with microtia may also have severe inner ear malformations is emphasized.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Ear, External/abnormalities
- Ear, External/diagnostic imaging
- Ear, External/surgery
- Ear, Inner/abnormalities
- Ear, Inner/diagnostic imaging
- Ear, Inner/surgery
- Ear, Middle/abnormalities
- Ear, Middle/diagnostic imaging
- Ear, Middle/surgery
- Female
- Hearing Disorders/congenital
- Hearing Disorders/diagnosis
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Temporal Bone/diagnostic imaging
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Calzolari
- Department of Neuroradiology, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Casselman JW, Kuhweide R, Ampe W, D'Hont G, Offeciers EF, Faes WK, Pattyn G. Inner ear malformations in patients with sensorineural hearing loss: detection with gradient-echo (3DFT-CISS) MRI. Neuroradiology 1996; 38:278-86. [PMID: 8741202 DOI: 10.1007/bf00596549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of different MRI sequences in the detection of inner ear malformations in patients presenting with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and/or vertigo was evaluated. We studied 650 patients presenting with SNHL and/or vertigo, clinically not suspected of having inner ear malformations. The sensitivity of T1-weighted, Gd-enhanced T1-weighted and (when available) T2-weighted spin-echo images, and three-dimensional Fourier transformation-constructive interference in steady state (3DFT-CISS) gradient-echo images, to unexpected malformations was assessed. Inner ear malformations were found in 15 (2.3%) of these patients. Enlargement of the endolymphatic duct and sac was the most frequent malformation, found in 11 patients. The 3DFT-CISS images showed all lesions; the other sequences were less sensitive and the pathology was missed, partially or only retrospectively seen in 11 of the 15 patients. Therefore, in addition to the routine unenhanced and Gd-enhanced T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, thin gradient-echo (3DFT-CISS) images are necessary to detect all clinically unexpected inner ear malformations in patients presenting with vertigo and/or SNHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Casselman
- Department of Radiology, A. Z. St.-Jan Brugge, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Okumura T, Takahashi H, Honjo I, Takagi A, Mitamura K. Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with large vestibular aqueduct. Laryngoscope 1995; 105:289-93; discussion 293-4. [PMID: 7877418 DOI: 10.1288/00005537-199503000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In examining 181 patients (327 ears) with sensorineural hearing loss of unknown etiology and 25 people (50 ears) with normal hearing by high-resolution computed tomography (CT), the image of the large vestibular aqueduct (VA) was defined as being a visible large aperture (> or = 4 mm), and small distance between vestibule and traceable part of the VA nearest to the vestibule (> or = 1 mm). The large VA was found in 13 patients (23 ears, 7.0%); it was relatively frequent following hypoplastic cochlea (33 ears, 10.1%) in all the inner ear anomalies detected. In patients with large VA, high-frequency hearing was affected more than low frequency, and history of sudden hearing loss was observed frequently (61% of ears with large VA), which was found to be triggered by characteristic episodes such as minor head trauma, etc. Those clinical features were observed more in those without cochlear anomaly than in those accompanying cochlear anomaly. Pathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss and characteristic fluctuation of hearing in those patients are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Okumura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Otsu Red Cross Hospital, Nagara, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Okumura T, Takahashi H, Honjo I, Naito Y, Takagi A, Tuji J, Ito J. Vestibular function in patients with a large vestibular aqueduct. ACTA OTO-LARYNGOLOGICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 1995; 520 Pt 2:323-6. [PMID: 8749153 DOI: 10.3109/00016489509125262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Four patients (7 ears) with a large vestibular aqueduct (VA) were examined for history of vertigo and vestibular function. Vertigo was observed in all the 4 patients. The caloric responses were significantly poorer in ears with a large VA than in the controls. On a patient with a large VA who had several attacks of sudden hearing loss and vertigo following minor head trauma, long-time exposure to sunshine, common cold, and exercise, vestibular function tests were performed several times; the caloric responses were found to fluctuate and direction changing apogeotropic positional nystagmus was observed. These findings suggest that in patients with a large VA, not only hearing but also the vestibular function are generally impaired. We believe than direct transmission of intracranial pressure changes to the inner ear or subsequent inner ear fluid movement through the large endolymphatic sac and duct have an influence on the cochlea and vestibule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Okumura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kobe City General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Parnes LS, Chernoff WG. Bilateral semicircular canal aplasia with near-normal cochlear development. Two case reports. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990; 99:957-9. [PMID: 2244728 DOI: 10.1177/000348949009901205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital malformations of the vestibular labyrinth (pars superior) are rare. We present two patients with computed tomographic findings of bilateral semicircular canal aplasia with normal or near-normal cochleas. Initial bone conduction thresholds were within normal limits, although both patients had significant conductive hearing losses due to congenital middle ear malformations. Bithermal caloric responses were absent in both. To our knowledge these are the first reports of vestibular aplasia concomitant with normal or near-normal cochlear development. These findings conflict with conventional hypotheses that state that inner ear malformations result from arrested development during the normal stages of inner ear embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L S Parnes
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Odrezin GT, Royal SA, Young DW, Guion CJ, Pappas DS, Reilly JS. High resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone in infants and children: a review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1990; 19:15-31. [PMID: 2187823 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5876(90)90192-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pathologic conditions involving the temporal bone in infants and children are now commonly diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). The importance of utilizing high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) with magnified, thin (1.5 mm) scans in both the axial and coronal planes is stressed in order to obtain the maximal anatomic information that is critical for proper diagnosis. A retrospective analysis of 388 cases reveals a positive diagnostic yield ranging from 65% in temporal bone trauma to 20% in clinically suspected neoplasm. Selected case reports of congenital abnormalities, inflammatory processes, traumatic lesions, and tumors will be presented. We conclude that HRCT is an excellent diagnostic modality and should be used liberally to evaluate the temporal bone in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G T Odrezin
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The inner ears of 5 adult patients with Pendred's syndrome were investigated using a Siemens SOMATOM DRG. Five normal hearing adults participated in the investigation as a control group. The CT-scanning comprised 10-15 consecutive scans of the cochlea. The CT evaluation was performed using both a special bone setting and a soft tissue setting. The cochlear content was quantitatively evaluated by drawing an irregular region of interest on the bone pictures. The region of interest was then transferred to the soft tissue pictures by means of the standard program of the CT-scanner. The resulting mean values of attenuation expressed in Hounsfield Units were significantly lower in the Pendred cochleas than in the normal cochleas. At the same time a typical Mondini malformed cochlea was demonstrated in all patients with Pendred's syndrome. The lower values of attenuation of the cochlea in Pendred's syndrome reflect the rudimentarily developed infra-cochlear osseous structures in this disease. We conclude that CT-scanning of the cochlea using this procedure is reliable enough to replace the conventional axial-pyramidal tomography when a Mondini cochlea is suspected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Johnsen
- Audiological Department, Bispbjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Advances in the field of antenatal diagnosis have made possible the detection of profound sensorineural hearing loss prior to birth. Fetal motion in response to sound and auditory evoked potential testing can determine the presence of fetal hearing in the third trimester of pregnancy. Imaging modalities including ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging hold promise for the diagnosis of some forms of congenital deafness in the second trimester fetus. The methods by which congenital deafness soon may be diagnosed and the implications for the otologist are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Isaacson
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Cephalic neural crest cells contribute to the formation of the external and middle ears, the supporting cells of the statoacoustic ganglion, other cranial nerve components, and the face. The anlage of otic sensory structures receive inductive stimuli from adjacent rhombencephalic tissue. The complex series of interactions that guide organogenesis of the outer, middle, and inner ear structures may explain why neurologic dysfunction is likely to be associated with malformations of the ear. We reviewed the records of 100 patients with complex ear anomalies with or without hearing loss. Mean age was 4.2 years (range 1 day-27 years). Malformations, either bilateral (70) or unilateral (30), involved the external ear (94), middle ear (16), and/or inner ear (12). Eighty-five patients had neurologic dysfunction. Cranial nerve dysfunction was found in 56 patients and involved nerves VIII (39 auditory and/or vestibular), VII (22), II (11), VI (8), V (4), III (3), X (3), XII (1), and IX (1). Sixty-four patients had evidence of central nervous system dysfunction such as mental deficiency/developmental delay (44), non-paretic gait disorders (17), hypotonia (16), microcephaly (13), seizures (8), motor deficits (8), autistic features (7), and radiographically confirmed intracranial abnormalities (5). Eleven of 19 children with hypoactive vestibules had delayed motor development or poor balance. Seventy-four patients had anomalies in other organ systems: 56 craniofacial, 28 osseous, 19 cardiac, 16 genito-urinary, 14 ocular, 11 gastrointestinal, and 7 cutaneous. Sixty-one patients had syndromic conditions, 32 of them branchial arch syndromes. The level of cognitive competence was not related to severity of craniofacial, ear, or cranial nerve abnormality. Children with ear malformations deserve neurologic and pediatric evaluations in addition to an otologic work-up.
Collapse
|
25
|
Jackler RK, Luxford WM, House WF. Congenital malformations of the inner ear: a classification based on embryogenesis. Laryngoscope 1987; 97:2-14. [PMID: 3821363 DOI: 10.1002/lary.5540971301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss have radiographic abnormalities of the inner ear. A broad spectrum of anomalous patterns have been described, most of which have been lumped together under the term "Mondini's dysplasia." We feel that this grouping of many dissimilar entities under a single umbrella term is unwarranted. Based on a review of 63 patients with 98 congenitally malformed ears, we have been able to recognize a number of distinct anatomic patterns from their radiographic appearance. A remarkable similarity between these morphologies and the appearance of the inner ear at various stages of embryogenesis was found. This led us to propose a classification system based upon the theory that these deformities result from an arrest of development during varying stages of inner ear organogenesis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mafee MF, Meyer DH, Hill JH. Neuroradiologic Evaluation of Patients with Central Auditory Lesions. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6665(20)31865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Swartz JD, Yussen PS, Mandell DW, Mikaelian DO, Berger AS, Wolfson RJ. The vestibular aqueduct syndrome: computed tomographic appearance. Clin Radiol 1985; 36:241-3. [PMID: 3877602 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(85)80046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have recently examined three young patients with congenital unilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. On computed tomography the only abnormality discovered was a remarkably enlarged vestibular aqueduct on the abnormal side. The vestibular aqueduct syndrome is an important cause of congenital hearing loss. Although this finding has been well illustrated with conventional multidirectional tomography, there has been little emphasis on the computed tomographic appearance.
Collapse
|