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Li C, Yang Y. Advancements in the study of inward rectifying potassium channels on vascular cells. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2237303. [PMID: 37463317 PMCID: PMC10355679 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2237303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inward rectifier potassium channels (Kir channels) exist in a variety of cells and are involved in maintaining resting membrane potential and signal transduction in most cells, as well as connecting metabolism and membrane excitability of body cells. It is closely related to normal physiological functions of body and the occurrence and development of some diseases. Although the functional expression of Kir channels and their role in disease have been studied, they have not been fully elucidated. In this paper, the functional expression of Kir channels in vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and their changes in disease states were reviewed, especially the recent research progress of Kir channels in stem cells was introduced, in order to have a deeper understanding of Kir channels in vascular tissues and provide new ideas and directions for the treatment of related ion channel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshu Li
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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2
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Takács R, Kovács P, Ebeid RA, Almássy J, Fodor J, Ducza L, Barrett-Jolley R, Lewis R, Matta C. Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in Progenitor Cells of Musculoskeletal Tissues: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076796. [PMID: 37047767 PMCID: PMC10095002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders represent one of the main causes of disability worldwide, and their prevalence is predicted to increase in the coming decades. Stem cell therapy may be a promising option for the treatment of some of the musculoskeletal diseases. Although significant progress has been made in musculoskeletal stem cell research, osteoarthritis, the most-common musculoskeletal disorder, still lacks curative treatment. To fine-tune stem-cell-based therapy, it is necessary to focus on the underlying biological mechanisms. Ion channels and the bioelectric signals they generate control the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of musculoskeletal progenitor cells. Calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (KCa) channels are key players in cell physiology in cells of the musculoskeletal system. This review article focused on the big conductance (BK) KCa channels. The regulatory function of BK channels requires interactions with diverse sets of proteins that have different functions in tissue-resident stem cells. In this narrative review article, we discuss the main ion channels of musculoskeletal stem cells, with a focus on calcium-dependent potassium channels, especially on the large conductance BK channel. We review their expression and function in progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration and highlight gaps in current knowledge on their involvement in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Takács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rana Abdelsattar Ebeid
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1428 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Ducza
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Csaba Matta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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3
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Electrophysiological engineering of heart-derived cells with calcium-dependent potassium channels improves cell therapy efficacy for cardioprotection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4963. [PMID: 34400625 PMCID: PMC8368210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that calcium-activated potassium (KCa)-channels regulate fundamental progenitor-cell functions, including proliferation, but their contribution to cell-therapy effectiveness is unknown. Here, we test the participation of KCa-channels in human heart explant-derived cell (EDC) physiology and therapeutic potential. TRAM34-sensitive KCa3.1-channels, encoded by the KCNN4 gene, are exclusively expressed in therapeutically bioactive EDC subfractions and maintain a strongly polarized resting potential; whereas therapeutically inert EDCs lack KCa3.1 channels and exhibit depolarized resting potentials. Somatic gene transfer of KCNN4 results in membrane hyperpolarization and increases intracellular [Ca2+], which boosts cell-proliferation and the production of pro-healing cytokines/nanoparticles. Intramyocardial injection of EDCs after KCNN4-gene overexpression markedly increases the salutary effects of EDCs on cardiac function, viable myocardium and peri-infarct neovascularization in a well-established murine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Thus, electrophysiological engineering provides a potentially valuable strategy to improve the therapeutic value of progenitor cells for cardioprotection and possibly other indications. Strategies to improve the function of damaged hearts with progenitor cells have stalled. Here, the authors show that gene transfer of a calcium-dependent potassium channel enhances the functional properties and ability of explant-derived cells to improve heart function after a heart attack.
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4
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Echeverry S, Grismaldo A, Sánchez C, Sierra C, Henao JC, Granados ST, Sutachán JJ, Torres YP. Activation of BK Channel Contributes to PL-Induced Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration. Front Physiol 2020; 11:210. [PMID: 32265729 PMCID: PMC7105713 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their capacity to proliferate, migrate, and differentiate, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be good candidates for regenerative medicine applications. The mechanisms underlying proliferation and differentiation of MSCs have been studied. However, much less is known about the mechanisms regulating the migration of MSCs. Platelet lysate (PL), a supplement used to promote cell expansion, has been shown to promote MSCs migration; however, the underlying mechanism are unknown. Here, by using adipose-derived rat MSCs (rMSCs) and the scratch assay in the absence and presence of various BK channels modulators, we evaluated the role of BK channels in mediating the PL-stimulated migration of rMSCs. We found that 5% PL increased rMSCs migration, and this effect was blocked by the addition of the BK channel selective antagonist Iberiotoxin (IBTX). In the absence of PL, the BK channel agonist NS1619, stimulated rMSCs migration to similar level as 5% PL. Addition of both NS1619 and 5% PL resulted in an increase in rMSCs migration, that was higher than when either one was added individually. From whole-cell recordings, it was found that the addition of 5% PL increased the magnitude of BK current density. By using Western blot and flow cytometry, it was found that PL did not affect the expression of BK channels. Together, our results indicate that as shown in other cell types, activation of BK channels by themselves also promote rMSC migration, and show that activation of BK channels contribute to the observed PL-induced increase in migration of rMSC.
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5
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Silva HB, Rodrigues DC, Andrade R, Teixeira GHGSF, Stelling MP, Ponte CG, Nascimento JHM, Campos de Carvalho AC, Medei E. Expression of potassium channels is relevant for cell survival and migration in a murine bone marrow stromal cell line. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18086-18097. [PMID: 30887515 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
S17 is a clonogenic bone marrow stromal (BMS) cell line derived from mouse that has been extensively used to assess both human and murine hematopoiesis support capacity. However, very little is known about the expression of potassium ion channels and their function in cell survival and migration in these cells. Thus, the present study was designed to characterize potassium ion channels using electrophysiological and molecular biological approaches in S17 BMS cells. The whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique has been applied to identify potassium ion currents and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) used to determine their molecular identities. Based on gating kinetics and pharmacological modulation of the macroscopic currents we found the presence of four functional potassium ion channels in S17 BMS cells. These include a current rapidly activated and inactivated, tetraethylammonium-sensitive, (IKV ) in most (50%) cells; a fast activated and rapidly inactivating A-type K + current (IK A -like); a delayed rectifier K + current (IK DR ) and an inward rectifier potassium current (IK IR ), found in, respectively 4.5%, 26% and 24% of these cells. RT-PCR confirmed the presence of mRNA transcripts for the alpha subunit of the corresponding functional ion channels. Additionally, functional assays were performed to investigate the importance of potassium currents in cell survival and migration. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analyses revealed a reduction in cell viability, while wound healing assays revealed reduced migration potential in cells incubated with different potassium channel blockers. In conclusion, our data suggested that potassium currents might play a role in the maintenance of overall S17 cell ionic homeostasis directly affecting cell survival and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique B Silva
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra Rua Larga, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Deivid C Rodrigues
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raiana Andrade
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H G S F Teixeira
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Stelling
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiano G Ponte
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José H M Nascimento
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Emiliano Medei
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Li L, Yang S, Zhang Y, Ji D, Jin Z, Duan X. ATP6V1H regulates the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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7
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Faouzi M, Hague F, Geerts D, Ay AS, Potier-Cartereau M, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Functional cooperation between KCa3.1 and TRPC1 channels in human breast cancer: Role in cell proliferation and patient prognosis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36419-36435. [PMID: 27183905 PMCID: PMC5095010 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ levels are important regulators of cell cycle and proliferation. We, and others, have previously reported the role of KCa3.1 (KCNN4) channels in regulating the membrane potential and the Ca2+ entry in association with cell proliferation. However, the relevance of KC3.1 channels in cancer prognosis as well as the molecular mechanism of Ca2+ entry triggered by their activation remain undetermined. Here, we show that RNAi-mediated knockdown of KCa3.1 and/or TRPC1 leads to a significant decrease in cell proliferation due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. These results are consistent with the observed upregulation of both channels in synchronized cells at the end of G1 phase. Additionally, knockdown of TRPC1 suppressed the Ca2+ entry induced by 1-EBIO-mediated KCa3.1 activation, suggesting a functional cooperation between TRPC1 and KCa3.1 in the regulation of Ca2+ entry, possibly within lipid raft microdomains where these two channels seem to co-localize. We also show significant correlations between KCa3.1 mRNA expression and poor patient prognosis and unfavorable clinical breast cancer parameters by mining large datasets in the public domain. Together, these results highlight the importance of KCa3.1 in regulating the proliferative mechanisms in breast cancer cells as well as in providing a promising novel target in prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Faouzi
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR of Sciences, EA4667 Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France.,Queen's Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Frederic Hague
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR of Sciences, EA4667 Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Sophie Ay
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR of Sciences, EA4667 Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France
| | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR of Sciences, EA4667 Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France.,Inserm, UMR1069, Nutrition, Growth and Cancer, University of François Rabelais, Tours F-37032, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR of Sciences, EA4667 Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- University of Picardie Jules Verne, UFR of Sciences, EA4667 Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Physiology, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), Amiens, France
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8
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Pchelintseva E, Djamgoz MBA. Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation: Control by calcium-activated potassium channels. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3755-3768. [PMID: 28776687 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in modern medicine for which understanding the mechanisms controlling their differentiation is fundamental. Ion channels offer novel insights to this process because of their role in modulating membrane potential and intracellular milieu. Here, we evaluate the contribution of calcium-activated potassium (KCa ) channels to the three main components of MSC differentiation: initiation, proliferation, and migration. First, we demonstrate the importance of the membrane potential (Vm ) and the apparent association of hyperpolarization with differentiation. Of KCa subtypes, most evidence points to activity of big-conductance channels in inducing initiation. On the other hand, intermediate-conductance currents have been shown to promote progression through the cell cycle. While there is no information on the role of KCa channels in migration of MSCs, work from other stem cells and cancer cells suggest that intermediate-conductance and to a lesser extent big-conductance channels drive migration. In all cases, these effects depend on species, tissue origin and lineage. Finally, we present a conceptual model that demonstrates how KCa activity could influence differentiation by regulating Vm and intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. We conclude that KCa channels have significant involvement in MSC differentiation and could potentially enable novel tissue engineering approaches and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pchelintseva
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Neuroscience Solution to Cancer Research Group, London, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Mustafa B A Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Neuroscience Solution to Cancer Research Group, London, UK
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9
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Calcium-gated K+ channels of the KCa1.1- and KCa3.1-type couple intracellular Ca2+ signals to membrane hyperpolarization in mesenchymal stromal cells from the human adipose tissue. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:349-362. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Petecchia L, Sbrana F, Utzeri R, Vercellino M, Usai C, Visai L, Vassalli M, Gavazzo P. Electro-magnetic field promotes osteogenic differentiation of BM-hMSCs through a selective action on Ca(2+)-related mechanisms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13856. [PMID: 26364969 PMCID: PMC4568470 DOI: 10.1038/srep13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) has been shown to affect proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow stroma (BM-hMSC). These cells offer considerable promise in the field of regenerative medicine, but their clinical application is hampered by major limitations such as poor availability and the time required to differentiate up to a stage suitable for implantation. For this reason, several research efforts are focusing on identifying strategies to speed up the differentiation process. In this work we investigated the in vitro effect of PEMF on Ca2+-related mechanisms promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BM-hMSC. Cells were daily exposed to PEMF while subjected to osteogenic differentiation and various Ca2+-related mechanisms were monitored using multiple approaches for identifying functional and structural modifications related to this process. The results indicate that PEMF exposure promotes chemically induced osteogenesis by mechanisms that mainly interfere with some of the calcium-related osteogenic pathways, such as permeation and regulation of cytosolic concentration, leaving others, such as extracellular deposition, unaffected. The PEMF effect is primarily associated to early enhancement of intracellular calcium concentration, which is proposed here as a reliable hallmark of the osteogenic developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Petecchia
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Sbrana
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Utzeri
- Institute for Macromolecular Studies, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Vercellino
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy.,Dept. of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, Centre for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), INSTM UdR of Pavia, University of Pavia, Italy.,Dept. of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Gavazzo
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
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11
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DiFranco M, Yu C, Quiñonez M, Vergara JL. Inward rectifier potassium currents in mammalian skeletal muscle fibres. J Physiol 2015; 593:1213-38. [PMID: 25545278 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Inward rectifying potassium (Kir) channels play a central role in maintaining the resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle fibres. Nevertheless their role has been poorly studied in mammalian muscles. Immunohistochemical and transgenic expression were used to assess the molecular identity and subcellular localization of Kir channel isoforms. We found that Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 channels were targeted to both the surface and the transverse tubular system membrane (TTS) compartments and that both isoforms can be overexpressed up to 3-fold 2 weeks after transfection. Inward rectifying currents (IKir) had the canonical features of quasi-instantaneous activation, strong inward rectification, depended on the external [K(+)], and could be blocked by Ba(2+) or Rb(+). In addition, IKir records show notable decays during large 100 ms hyperpolarizing pulses. Most of these properties were recapitulated by model simulations of the electrical properties of the muscle fibre as long as Kir channels were assumed to be present in the TTS. The model also simultaneously predicted the characteristics of membrane potential changes of the TTS, as reported optically by a fluorescent potentiometric dye. The activation of IKir by large hyperpolarizations resulted in significant attenuation of the optical signals with respect to the expectation for equal magnitude depolarizations; blocking IKir with Ba(2+) (or Rb(+)) eliminated this attenuation. The experimental data, including the kinetic properties of IKir and TTS voltage records, and the voltage dependence of peak IKir, while measured at widely dissimilar bulk [K(+)] (96 and 24 mm), were closely predicted by assuming Kir permeability (PKir) values of ∼5.5 × 10(-6 ) cm s(-1) and equal distribution of Kir channels at the surface and TTS membranes. The decay of IKir records and the simultaneous increase in TTS voltage changes were mostly explained by K(+) depletion from the TTS lumen. Most importantly, aside from allowing an accurate estimation of most of the properties of IKir in skeletal muscle fibres, the model demonstrates that a substantial proportion of IKir (>70%) arises from the TTS. Overall, our work emphasizes that measured intrinsic properties (inward rectification and external [K] dependence) and localization of Kir channels in the TTS membranes are ideally suited for re-capturing potassium ions from the TTS lumen during, and immediately after, repetitive stimulation under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino DiFranco
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Nandy SB, Mohanty S, Singh M, Behari M, Airan B. Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 alone as an efficient inducer for differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:83. [PMID: 25248378 PMCID: PMC4190371 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The reported efficiency of differentiation of human bone marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM MSC) into dopaminergic neurons with different inducers is found to vary. Thus, in the current study we have investigated the response of hBM MSC to some of the neuronal inducers and their combinations. Neuronal differentiation inducing agents Fibroblastic Growth Factor 2 (FGF2), Sonic Hedge Hog (Shh), Fibroblastic Growth Factor 8 (FGF8) & All Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) were used either singly or in varied combinations. Results The differentiated and undifferentiated hBM MSC were characterized in terms of morphology, expression of cell markers at transcriptional and translational levels, amount of dopamine secreted by the cells in the media and changes in cell membrane potential by calcium ions imaging. Induced hBM MSC revealed neuron like morphology and expressed cellular markers suggesting neuronal differentiation with all the inducing agents. However, upon quantitative analysis through qPCR, cells induced with FGF2 were found to show maximum expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by 47.5 folds. Immunofluorescence analysis of differentiated and undifferentiated cells also revealed expression of nestin, neurofilament, microtubule associated protein- 2, beta tubulin III and TH in differentiated cells, at translational level. This data was supported by immunoblotting analysis. Further, ELISA study also supported the release of dopamine by cultures induced with FGF2. When the cells were depolarised with KCl solution, those induced with Shh & FGF8 showed maximum calcium ion trafficking, followed by the cells induced with FGF2 only. Conclusions We conclude that hBM MSC can be coaxed to differentiate efficiently into dopaminergic neurons in the presence of a very simple media cocktail containing only one main inducer like FGF2 and thus contribute towards cellular therapy in Parkinson's and other related disorders. These dopaminergic neurons are also functionally active, as shown by calcium ion trafficking. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0083-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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13
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Zhang J, Ho JCY, Chan YC, Lian Q, Siu CW, Tse HF. Overexpression of myocardin induces partial transdifferentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00237. [PMID: 24744906 PMCID: PMC3966242 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show superior proliferative capacity and therapeutic potential than those derived from bone marrow (BM). Ectopic expression of myocardin further improved the therapeutic potential of BM‐MSCs in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. The aim was of this study was to assess whether forced myocardin expression in iPSC‐MSCs could further enhance their transdifferentiation to cardiomyocytes and improve their electrophysiological properties for cardiac regeneration. Myocardin was overexpressed in iPSC‐MSCs using viral vectors (adenovirus or lentivirus). The expression of smooth muscle cell and cardiomyocyte markers, and ion channel genes was examined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), immunofluorescence staining and patch clamp. The conduction velocity of the neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes cocultured with iPSC‐MSC monolayer was measured by multielectrode arrays recording plate. Myocardin induced the expression of α‐MHC, GATA4, α‐actinin, cardiac MHC, MYH11, calponin, and SM α‐actin, but not cTnT, β‐MHC, and MLC2v in iPSC‐MSCs. Overexpression of myocardin in iPSC‐MSC enhanced the expression of SCN9A and CACNA1C, but reduced that of KCa3.1 and Kir2.2 in iPSC‐MSCs. Moreover, BKCa, IKir, ICl, Ito and INa.TTX were detected in iPSC‐MSC with myocardin overexpression; while only BKCa, IKir, ICl, IKDR, and IKCa were noted in iPSC‐MSC transfected with green florescence protein. Furthermore, the conduction velocity of iPSC‐MSC was significantly increased after myocardin overexpression. Overexpression of myocardin in iPSC‐MSCs resulted in partial transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes phenotype and improved the electrical conduction during integration with mature cardiomyocytes. Forced myocardin expression in human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived mesenchymal stem cells lead to partial transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells phenotypes through modification in ion channel expression profile and electrical conduction velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jenny Chung-Yee Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yau-Chi Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung-Wah Siu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China ; Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone & Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Giannelli M, Chellini F, Sassoli C, Francini F, Pini A, Squecco R, Nosi D, Bani D, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Formigli L. Photoactivation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells with diode laser: effects and mechanisms of action. J Cell Physiol 2012; 228:172-81. [PMID: 22628164 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising cell candidate in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Their proliferative potential can be increased by low-level laser irradiation (LLLI), but the mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. With the aim of expanding the therapeutic application of LLLI to MSC therapy, in the present study we investigated the effects of 635 nm diode laser on mouse MSC proliferation and investigated the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, focusing the attention on the effects of laser irradiation on Notch-1 signal activation and membrane ion channel modulation. It was found that MSC proliferation was significantly enhanced after laser irradiation, as judged by time lapse videomicroscopy and EdU incorporation. This phenomenon was associated with the up-regulation and activation of Notch-1 pathway, and with increased membrane conductance through voltage-gated K(+) , BK and Kir, channels and T- and L-type Ca(2+) channels. We also showed that MSC proliferation was mainly dependent on Kir channel activity, on the basis that the cell growth and Notch-1 up-regulation were severely decreased by the pre-treatment with the channel inhibitor Ba(2+) (0.5 mM). Interestingly, the channel inhibition was also able to attenuate the stimulatory effects of diode laser on MSCs, thus providing novel evidence to expand our knowledge on the mechanisms of biostimulation after LLLI. In conclusions, our findings suggest that diode laser may be a valid approach for the preconditioning of MSCs in vitro prior cell transplantation.
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Tufan H, Zhang XH, Haghshenas N, Sussman MA, Cleemann L, Morad M. Cardiac progenitor cells engineered with Pim-1 (CPCeP) develop cardiac phenotypic electrophysiological properties as they are co-cultured with neonatal myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:695-706. [PMID: 23010478 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has been successfully used for amelioration of cardiomyopathic injury using adult cardiac progenitor cells (CPC). Engineering of mouse CPC with the human serine/threonine kinase Pim-1 (CPCeP) enhances regeneration and cell survival in vivo, but it is unknown if such apparent lineage commitment is associated with maturation of electrophysiological properties and excitation-contraction coupling. This study aims to determine electrophysiology and Ca(2+)-handling properties of CPCeP using neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRCM) co-culture to promote cardiomyocyte lineage commitment. Measurements of membrane capacitance, dye transfer, expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), and transmission of ionic currents (I(Ca), I(Na)) from one cell to the next suggest that a subset of co-cultured CPCeP and NRCM becomes connected via gap junctions. Unlike NRCM, CPCeP had no significant I(Na), but expressed nifedipine-sensitive I(Ca) that could be measured more consistently with Ba(2+) as permeant ion using ramp-clamp protocols than with Ca(2+) and step-depolarization protocols. The magnitude of I(Ca) in CPCeP increased during culture (4-7 days vs. 1-3 days) and was larger in co-cultures with NRCM and with NRCM-conditioned medium, than in mono-cultured CPCeP. I(Ca) was virtually absent in CPC without engineered expression of Pim-1. Caffeine and KCl-activated Ca(2+)-transients were significantly present in co-cultured CPCeP, but smaller than in NRCM. Conversely, ATP-induced (IP(3)-mediated) Ca(2+) transients were larger in CPCeP than in NRCM. I(NCX) and I(ATP) were expressed in equivalent densities in CPCeP and NRCM. These in vitro studies suggest that CPCeP in co-culture with NRCM: a) develop I(Ca) current and Ca(2+) signaling consistent with cardiac lineage, b) form electrical connections via Cx43 gap junctions, and c) respond to paracrine signals from NRCM. These properties may be essential for durable and functional myocardial regeneration under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Tufan
- Cardiac Signaling Center of University of South Carolina, Medical University of South Carolina and Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
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16
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Ion channels in hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:217910. [PMID: 22919401 PMCID: PMC3420091 DOI: 10.1155/2012/217910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in bone marrow niches and give rise to hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs). These have more restricted lineage potential and eventually differentiate into specific blood cell types. Bone marrow also contains mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which present multilineage differentiation potential toward mesodermal cell types. In bone marrow niches, stem cell interaction with the extracellular matrix is mediated by integrin receptors. Ion channels regulate cell proliferation and differentiation by controlling intracellular Ca(2+), cell volume, release of growth factors, and so forth. Although little evidence is available about the ion channel roles in true HSCs, increasing information is available about HPCs and MSCs, which present a complex pattern of K(+) channel expression. K(+) channels cooperate with Ca(2+) and Cl(-) channels in regulating calcium entry and cell volume during mitosis. Other K(+) channels modulate the integrin-dependent interaction between leukemic progenitor cells and the niche stroma. These channels can also regulate leukemia cell interaction with MSCs, which also involves integrin receptors and affects the MSC-mediated protection from chemotherapy. Ligand-gated channels are also implicated in these processes. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors regulate cell proliferation and migration in HSCs and MSCs and may be implicated in the harmful effects of smoking.
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Zhang YH, Sun HY, Chen KH, Du XL, Liu B, Cheng LC, Li X, Jin MW, Li GR. Evidence for functional expression of TRPM7 channels in human atrial myocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2012; 107:282. [PMID: 22802050 PMCID: PMC3442166 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-012-0282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin-7 (TRPM7) channels have been recently reported in human atrial fibroblasts and are believed to mediate fibrogenesis in human atrial fibrillation. The present study investigates whether TRPM7 channels are expressed in human atrial myocytes using whole-cell patch voltage-clamp, RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. It was found that a gradually activated TRPM7-like current was recorded with a K+- and Mg2+-free pipette solution in human atrial myocytes. The current was enhanced by removing extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+, and the current increase could be inhibited by Ni2+ or Ba2+. The TRPM7-like current was potentiated by acidic pH and inhibited by La3+ and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate. In addition, Ca2+-activated TRPM4-like current was recorded in human atrial myocytes with the addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 in bath solution. RT-PCR and Western immunoblot analysis revealed that in addition to TRPM4, TRPM7 channel current, mRNA and protein expression were evident in human atrial myocytes. Interestingly, TRPM7 channel protein, but not TRPM4 channel protein, was significantly increased in human atrial specimens from the patients with atrial fibrillation. Our results demonstrate for the first time that functional TRPM7 channels are present in human atrial myocytes, and the channel expression is upregulated in the atria with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Zhang J, Chan YC, Ho JCY, Siu CW, Lian Q, Tse HF. Regulation of cell proliferation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells via ether-à-go-go 1 (hEAG1) potassium channel. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C115-25. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00326.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The successful generation of a high yield of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may represent an unlimited cell source with superior therapeutic benefits for tissue regeneration to bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs. We investigated whether the differential expression of ion channels in iPSC-MSCs was responsible for their higher proliferation capacity than BM-MSCs. The expression of ion channels for K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl− was examined by RT-PCR. The electrophysiological properties of iPSC-MSCs and BM-MSCs were then compared by patch-clamp experiments to verify their functional roles. Significant mRNA expression of ion channel genes including KCa1.1, KCa3.1, KCNH1, Kir2.1, SCN9A, CACNA1C, and Clcn3 was observed in both human iPSC-MSCs and BM-MSCs, whereas Kir2.2 and Kir2.3 were only detected in human iPSC-MSCs. Five types of currents [big-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current (BKCa), delayed rectifier K+ current ( IKDR), inwardly rectifying K+ current ( IKir), Ca2+-activated K+ current ( IKCa), and chloride current ( ICl)] were found in iPSC-MSCs (83%, 47%, 11%, 5%, and 4%, respectively) but only four of them (BKCa, IKDR, IKir, and IKCa) were identified in BM-MSCs (76%, 25%, 22%, and 11%, respectively). Cell proliferation was examined with MTT or bromodeoxyuridine assay, and doubling times were 2.66 and 3.72 days for iPSC-MSCs and BM-MSCs, respectively, showing a 1.4-fold discrepancy. Blockade of IKDR with short hairpin RNA or human ether-à-go-go 1 (hEAG1) channel blockers, 4-AP and astemizole, significantly reduced the rate of proliferation of human iPSC-MSCs. These treatments also decreased the rate of proliferation of human BM-MSCs albeit to a lesser extent. These findings demonstrate that the hEAG1 channel plays a crucial role in controlling the proliferation rate of human iPSC-MSCs and to a lesser extent in BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yau-Chi Chan
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jenny Chung-Yee Ho
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and
| | - Chung-Wah Siu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and
- Eye Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and
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Xu X, Xia J, Yang X, Huang X, Gao D, Zhou J, Lian J, Zhou J. Intermediate-conductance Ca(2+) -activated potassium and volume-sensitive chloride channels in endothelial progenitor cells from rat bone marrow mononuclear cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:302-13. [PMID: 22168445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (BMEPCs) are believed to be a promising cell source for regenerative medicine; however, their electrophysiology properties have not been fully clarified, which is important to the clinical application of BMEPCs. The current study was designed to determine the transmembrane ion currents and mRNA expression levels of related ion channel subunits in rat BMEPCs. METHODS Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient separation and cultured in EPC medium. The transmembrane ion currents were determined using whole-cell patch-voltage clamp technique, and the levels of mRNA and protein expressions of functional ionic channels were measured using RT-PCR and western immunoblot analysis. RESULTS We observed two types of ionic currents in undifferentiated rat BMEPCs. One was Ca(2+) -activated potassium current (I(kca) ), which was seen in approx. 90% of cells when 1 μm Ca(2+) was employed in pipette solution, and it was predominantly inhibited by intermediate-conductance I(kca) inhibitor clotrimazole. The other one was volume-sensitive chloride current (I(cl) ), which was detected in 85.7% of cells when BMEPCs were subjected to K(+) -free hypotonic extracellular solution, whose currents could be inhibited by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB). The corresponding ion channel genes and proteins, KCNN4 for I(kca) and Clcn3 for I(cl) , were confirmed by RT-PCR and western immunoblot analysis of BMEPCs. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated for the first time that rat BMEPCs expressed intermediate-conductance Ca(2+) -activated potassium currents and volume-sensitive chloride currents, and corresponding genes and proteins of these two channels are KCNN4 and Clcn3 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Xu
- Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo; China
| | - J. Xia
- Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo; China
| | - X. Yang
- Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo; China
| | - X. Huang
- Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo; China
| | - D. Gao
- Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo; China
| | - J. Zhou
- Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo; China
| | - J. Lian
- Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo; China
| | - J. Zhou
- Lihuili Hospital; Ningbo University School of Medicine; Ningbo; China
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20
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Firth AL, Yuan JXJ. "Ether-à-go-go" proliferation of iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Focus on "Regulation of cell proliferation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells via ether-à-go-go 1 (hEAG1) potassium channel". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 303:C113-4. [PMID: 22572851 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00160.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Tao R, Sun HY, Lau CP, Tse HF, Lee HC, Li GR. Cyclic ADP ribose is a novel regulator of intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2684-96. [PMID: 21251217 PMCID: PMC4373437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. However, the cellular biology of these cells is not fully understood. The present study characterizes the cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR)-mediated Ca(2+) signals in human MSCs and finds that externally applied cADPR can increase the frequency of spontaneous intracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+) (i) ) oscillations. The increase was abrogated by a specific cADPR antagonist or an inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor, but not by ryanodine. In addition, the cADPR-induced increase of Ca(2+) (i) oscillation frequency was prevented by inhibitors of nucleoside transporter or by inhibitors of the transient receptor potential cation melastatin-2 (TRPM2) channel. RT-PCR revealed mRNAs for the nucleoside transporters, concentrative nucleoside transporters 1/2 and equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1/3, IP3R1/2/3 and the TRPM2 channel, but not those for ryanodine receptors and CD38 in human MSCs. Knockdown of the TRPM2 channel by specific short interference RNA abolished the effect of cADPR on the Ca(2+) (i) oscillation frequency, and prevented the stimulation of proliferation by cADPR. Moreover, cADPR remarkably increased phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), but not Akt or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, cADPR had no effect on adipogenesis or osteogenesis in human MSCs. Our results indicate that cADPR is a novel regulator of Ca(2+) (i) oscillations in human MSCs. It permeates the cell membrane through the nucleoside transporters and increases Ca(2+) oscillation via activation of the TRPM2 channel, resulting in enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and, thereby, stimulation of human MSC proliferation. This study delineates an alternate signalling pathway of cADPR that is distinct from its well-established role of serving as a Ca(2+) messenger for mobilizing the internal Ca(2+) stores. Whether cADPR can be used clinically for stimulating marrow function in patients with marrow disorders remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tao
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Zhang XH, Zhang YY, Sun HY, Jin MW, Li GR. Functional ion channels and cell proliferation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1972-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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TRPC6, a potential novel target for enhancing cardiac repair of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Cardiol 2012; 155:497-8. [PMID: 22257688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Effects of ion channels on proliferation in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Responses of human mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow (hBMSCs) were analyzed under chemical conditions, and then characterization of ion channels was evaluated by whole-cell patch clamp. OBJECTIVE To explore the possibility of differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells in vitro under different conditions. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The generation of mesenchymal stem cells into neuron-like cells has been studied. However, few of these studies characterized functional properties of the differentiated hBMSCs. METHODS hBMSCs (Passage 2) were expanded and cultured in vitro. After Passage 5 was subcultured, the cells were induced by cytokines and antioxidants. Morphologic observation, immunocytochemistry, Western blot analysis, and patch-clamp techniques were performed to evaluate properties of treated and control groups. RESULTS The differentiated neuronal cells from hBMSCs not only expressed neuron phenotype and membrane channel protein including Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, and Cav1.2 but also exhibited functional ion currents. Both hBMSCs and differentiated cells expressed Nav1.6, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, and Cav1.2 and voltage-activated potassium currents, including delayed rectifier, noise-like and transient outward currents. However, expression of channel proteins, such as sodium channel Nav1.6 and potassium channels Kv1.2 and Kv1.3, were upregulated. Consistently, their potassium currents were also enhanced in the differentiated cells. CONCLUSION hBMSCs possess of great potential to differentiate into functional neurons, indicating that hBMSCs may be an ideal cell source in managing a variety of clinical diseases such as spinal cord injury.
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Abstract
ClC-3 is a member of the ClC voltage-gated chloride (Cl(-)) channel superfamily. Recent studies have demonstrated the abundant expression and pleiotropy of ClC-3 in cardiac atrial and ventricular myocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. ClC-3 Cl(-) channels can be activated by increase in cell volume, direct stretch of β1-integrin through focal adhesion kinase and many active molecules or growth factors including angiotensin II and endothelin-1-mediated signaling pathways, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and reactive oxygen species. ClC-3 may function as a key component of the volume-regulated Cl(-) channels, a superoxide anion transport and/or NADPH oxidase interaction partner, and a regulator of many other transporters. ClC-3 has been implicated in the regulation of electrical activity, cell volume, proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and intracellular pH. This review will highlight the major findings and recent advances in the study of ClC-3 Cl(-) channels in the cardiovascular system and discuss their important roles in cardiac and vascular remodeling during hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion, and heart failure.
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Hu X, Wei L, Taylor TM, Wei J, Zhou X, Wang JA, Yu SP. Hypoxic preconditioning enhances bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell migration via Kv2.1 channel and FAK activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C362-72. [PMID: 21562308 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00013.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation using stem cells including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is emerging as a potential regenerative therapy after ischemic attacks in the heart and brain. The migration capability of transplanted cells is a critical cellular function for tissue repair. Based on our recent observations that hypoxic preconditioning (HP) has multiple benefits in improving stem cell therapy and that the potassium Kv2.1 channel acts as a promoter for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation and cell motility, the present investigation tested the hypothesis that HP treatment can increase BMSC migration via the mechanism of increased Kv2.1 expression and FAK activities. BMSCs derived from green fluorescent protein-transgenic mice were treated under either normoxic (N-BMSC) or hypoxic (0.5% O(2)) (HP-BMSC) conditions for 24 h. Western blot analysis showed HP selectively upregulated Kv2.1 expression while leaving other K(+) channels, such as Kv1.5 and Kv1.4, unaffected. Compared with normoxic controls, significantly larger outward delayed rectifier K(+) currents were recorded in HP-BMSCs. HP enhanced BMSC migration/homing activities in vitro and after intravenous transplantation into rats subjected to permanent myocardial infarction (MI). The HP-promoted BMSC migration was inhibited by either blocking K(+) channels or knocking down Kv2.1. Supporting a relationship among HP, Kv2.1, and FAK activation, HP increased phosphorylation of FAK(397) and FAK(576/577), and this effect was antagonized by blocking K(+) channels. These findings provide novel evidence that HP enhances the ability of BMSCs to migrate and home to the injured region; this effect is mediated through a regulatory role of Kv2.1 on FAK phosphorylation/activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Li GR, Deng XL. Functional ion channels in stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2011; 3:19-24. [PMID: 21607133 PMCID: PMC3097936 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v3.i3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical signals generated by ion channels play crucial roles in excitation genesis and impulse conduction in excitable cells as well as in cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in proliferative cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple ion channels are heterogeneously present in different stem cells; however, patterns and phenotypes of ion channels are species- and/or origin-dependent. This editorial review focuses on the recent findings related to the expression of functional ion channels and the roles of these channels in regulation of cell proliferation in stem cells. Additional effort is required in the future to clarify the ion channel expression in different types of stem cells; special attention should be paid to the relationship between ion channels and stem cell proliferation, migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Li
- Gui-Rong Li, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Jang SS, Park J, Hur SW, Hong YH, Hur J, Chae JH, Kim SK, Kim J, Kim HS, Kim SJ. Endothelial progenitor cells functionally express inward rectifier potassium channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C150-61. [PMID: 21411724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00002.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the first isolation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human peripheral blood in 1997, many researchers have conducted studies to understand the characteristics and therapeutic effects of EPCs in vascular disease models. Nevertheless, the electrophysiological properties of EPCs have yet to be clearly elucidated. The inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir) performs a major role in controlling the membrane potential and cellular events. Here, via the whole cell patch-clamp technique, we found inwardly rectifying currents in EPCs and that these currents were inhibited by Ba(2+) (100 μM) and Cs(+) (1 mM), known as Kir blockers, in a dose-dependent manner (Ba(2+), 91.2 ± 1.4% at -140 mV and Cs(+), 76.1 ± 6.9% at -140 mV, respectively). Next, using DiBAC(3), a fluorescence indicator of membrane potential, we verified that Ba(2+) induced an increase of fluorescence in EPCs (10 μM, 123 ± 2.8%), implying the depolarization of EPCs. At the mRNA and protein levels, we confirmed the existence of several Kir subtypes, including Kir2.x, 3.x, 4.x, and 6.x. In a functional experiment, we observed that, in the presence of Ba(2+), the number of tubes on Matrigel formed by EPCs was dose-dependently reduced (10 μM, 62.3 ± 6.5%). In addition, the proliferation of EPCs was increased in a dose-dependent fashion (10 μM, 157.9 ± 17.4%), and specific inhibition of Kir2.1 by small interfering RNA also increased the proliferation of EPCs (116.2 ± 2.5%). Our results demonstrate that EPCs express several types of Kir which may modulate the endothelial function and proliferation of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Soo Jang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Potassium channel expression in adult murine neural progenitor cells. Neuroscience 2011; 180:19-29. [PMID: 21329741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are a source of new neurons and glia in the adult brain. Most NPCs reside in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, where they contribute to plasticity in the adult brain. To use their potential for repair, it is essential to identify the molecules that regulate their growth, migration and differentiation. Potassium (K+) channels are promising molecule candidates for NPC regulation as they are important components of signal transduction and their diversity is ideal to cover the complex functions required for cell proliferation and differentiation. There is increasing evidence that K+ channels influence cell growth and neurogenesis, however, very little is known regarding K+ channel distribution in NPCs. We therefore explored the expression of a variety of voltage-gated (Kv), inwardly rectifying (Kir) and two-pore (K2P) K+ channels in the SVZ of adult mice and in neurosphere cultures of NPCs during growth and differentiation. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed a differential expression pattern of K+ channels in nestin+ SVZ precursor cells, early SVZ doublecortin+ neurons and (sub)ependymal cells. These findings were confirmed in neurosphere cultures at the protein and mRNA levels. The expression of some K+ channel proteins, such as Kir4.1, Kir6.1, TREK1 or TASK1, suggests a role of K+ channels in the complex regulation of NPC proliferation, maturation and differentiation.
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Lai VK, Galiñanes M. Protection of human myocardium by bone marrow cells: role of long-term administration of the mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opener nicorandil. J Surg Res 2010; 171:66-70. [PMID: 20400115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that bone marrow cells (BMCs) afford myocardial protection as potent as ischemic preconditioning (IP) and also that the myocardium of patients treated with the mitoK(ATP) channel opener nicorandil cannot be protected by IP. Here, we investigated whether nicorandil influences the cardioprotection elicited by BMCs and whether any loss in protection can be rescued by naïve allogenic BMCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS BMCs and right atrial appendage were obtained from patients on long-term treatment and nontreated with nicorandil. The atrial myocardium was subjected to 90 min ischemia/120 min reoxygenation at 37°C in the presence and absence of autologous and allogenic BMCs. Some muscles were subjected to IP prior to ischemia and served as positive controls. Tissue injury was assessed by creatine kinase released during reoxygenation, and cell necrosis and apoptosis were determined by propidium iodide and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS Creatine kinase (CK) release and cell necrosis and apoptosis induced by ischemia were not significantly reduced by IP in the myocardium from nicorandil subjects and values were also unaffected by the co-incubation with autologous or allogenic BMCs from subjects not treated with nicorandil (naïve BMCs). However, when the myocardium from subjects not treated with nicorandil was co-incubated with autologous BMCs or with allogenic BMCs from subjects treated with nicorandil, there was a similar significant reduction in CK release, cell necrosis and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The cardioprotective properties of BMCs from subjects treated with the mitoK(ATP) channel opener nicorandil are preserved; however, the myocardium of these patients cannot benefit from the cardioprotective effect of BMCs due to an unresponsive myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vien Khach Lai
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
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Han Y, Chen JD, Liu ZM, Zhou Y, Xia JH, Du XL, Jin MW. Functional ion channels in mouse cardiac c-kit(+) cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 298:C1109-17. [PMID: 20130208 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00207.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac c-kit(+) cells are generally believed to be the major population of stem/progenitor cells in the heart and can be used as a cell source for cardiomyoplasty; however, the cellular electrophysiological properties are not understood in this type of cells. The present study was designed to investigate functional ion channels in undifferentiated mouse cardiac c-kit(+) cells using approaches of whole cell patch voltage clamp, RT-PCR, and cell proliferation assay. It was found that three types of ionic currents were present in mouse cardiac c-kit(+) cells, including a delayed rectifier K(+) current (IK(DR)) inhibited by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), an inward rectifier K(+) current (I(Kir)) decreased by Ba(2+), and a volume-sensitive chloride current (I(Cl.vol)) inhibited by 5-nitro-1-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB). RT-PCR revealed that the corresponding ion channel genes, Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Kv1.6 (for IK(DR)), Kir.1.1, Kir2.1, and Kir2.2 (likely responsible for I(Kir)), and Clcn3 (for I(Cl.vol)), were significant in mouse cardiac c-kit(+) cells. The inhibition of I(Cl.vol) with NPPB and niflumic acid, but not IK(DR) with 4-AP and tetraethylammonium, reduced cell proliferation and accumulated the cell progression at G(0)/G(1) phase in mouse cardiac c-kit(+) cells. Our results demonstrate that three types of functional ion channel currents (i.e., IK(DR), I(Kir), and I(Cl.vol)) are present in mouse cardiac c-kit(+) cells, and I(Cl.vol) participates in regulating cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univ. of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Jiang P, Rushing SN, Kong CW, Fu J, Lieu DKT, Chan CW, Deng W, Li RA. Electrophysiological properties of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 298:C486-95. [PMID: 19955484 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00251.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can self-renew while maintaining their pluripotency. Direct reprogramming of adult somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has been reported. Although hESCs and human iPSCs have been shown to share a number of similarities, such basic properties as the electrophysiology of iPSCs have not been explored. Previously, we reported that several specialized ion channels are functionally expressed in hESCs. Using transcriptomic analyses as a guide, we observed tetraethylammonium (TEA)-sensitive (IC(50) = 3.3 +/- 2.7 mM) delayed rectifier K(+) currents (I(KDR)) in 105 of 110 single iPSCs (15.4 +/- 0.9 pF). I(KDR) in iPSCs displayed a current density of 7.6 +/- 3.8 pA/pF at +40 mV. The voltage for 50% activation (V(1/2)) was -7.9 +/- 2.0 mV, slope factor k = 9.1 +/- 1.5. However, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current (I(KCa)), hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker current (I(f)), and voltage-gated sodium channel (Na(V)) and voltage-gated calcium channel (Ca(V)) currents could not be measured. TEA inhibited iPSC proliferation (EC(50) = 7.8 +/- 1.2 mM) and viability (EC(50) = 5.5 +/- 1.0 mM). By contrast, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) inhibited viability (EC(50) = 4.5 +/- 0.5 mM) but had less effect on proliferation (EC(50) = 0.9 +/- 0.5 mM). Cell cycle analysis further revealed that K(+) channel blockers inhibited proliferation primarily by arresting the mitotic phase. TEA and 4-AP had no effect on iPSC differentiation as gauged by ability to form embryoid bodies and expression of germ layer markers after induction of differentiation. Neither iberiotoxin nor apamin had any function effects, consistent with the lack of I(KCa) in iPSCs. Our results reveal further differences and similarities between human iPSCs and hESCs. A better understanding of the basic biology of iPSCs may facilitate their ultimate clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children of North America, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Valiunas V, Kanaporis G, Valiuniene L, Gordon C, Wang HZ, Li L, Robinson RB, Rosen MR, Cohen IS, Brink PR. Coupling an HCN2-expressing cell to a myocyte creates a two-cell pacing unit. J Physiol 2009; 587:5211-26. [PMID: 19736302 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether coupling of a ventricular myocyte to a non-myocyte cell expressing HCN2 could create a two-cell syncytium capable of generating sustained pacing. Three non-myocyte cell types were transfected with the mHCN2 gene and used as sources of mHCN2-induced currents. They were human mesenchymal stem cells and HEK293 cells, both of which express connexin43 (Cx43), and HeLa cells transfected with Cx43. Cell-cell coupling between heterologous pairs increased with time in co-culture, and hyperpolarization of the myocyte induced HCN2 currents, indicating current transfer from the mHCN2-expressing cell to the myocyte via gap junctions. The magnitude of the HCN2 currents recorded in myocytes increased with increasing junctional conductance. Once a critical level of electrical cell-cell coupling between myocytes and mHCN2 transfected cells was exceeded spontaneous action potentials were generated at frequencies of approximately 0.6 to 1.7 Hz (1.09 +/- 0.05 Hz). Addition of carbenoxolone (200 microM), a gap junction channel blocker, to the media stopped spontaneous activity in heterologous cell pairs. Carbenoxolone washout restored activity. Blockade of HCN2 currents by 100 microM 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA) stopped spontaneous activity and subsequent washout restored it. Neither THA nor carbenoxolone affected electrically stimulated action potentials in isolated single myocytes. In summary, the inward current evoked in the genetically engineered (HCN2-expressing) cell was delivered to the cardiac myocyte via gap junctions and generated action potentials such that the cell pair could function as a pacemaker unit. This finding lays the groundwork for understanding cell-based biological pacemakers in vivo once an understanding of delivery and target cell geometry is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Valiunas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
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Bonnet P, Awede B, Rochefort GY, Mirza A, Lermusiaux P, Domenech J, Eder V. Electrophysiological maturation of rat mesenchymal stem cells after induction of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 17:1131-40. [PMID: 19006452 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into smooth muscle-like cells. However their functionalities remain questionable. The aim of this study was to investigate the functionality of MSCs differentiated into smooth muscle (SM) in vitro by SM-inducing medium. MSCs have been isolated from rat bone marrow and cultured in SM-inducing medium. After 21 days in culture, messenger RNA and specific SM proteins such as myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain 2 were expressed in the in vitro differentiated MSCs to a similar level of that in freshly isolated SM cells (SMCs). At the electrophysiological level, MSCs presented an outward K+ current with an IK(DR) component and IK(Ca) component. In vitro differentiation induced an enhancement of the IK(Ca) current to a level similar to that observed in aortic SMCs. Calcium homeostasis measurements revealed that both differentiated and undifferentiated MSCs responded to extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a similar fashion to SMCs. However MSCs failed to contract in response to ATP. This data shows that despite specific SM protein expression and modification of electrophysiological properties similar to that of aortic SMCs, MSCs cultured in differentiation medium failed to display contractile properties. These results underline the necessity to find the ideal cultured conditions to induce complete SMC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bonnet
- LAB.P.ART. EA3852, Medicine Faculty, University François Rabelais, Tours, France
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Park KS, Choi MR, Jung KH, Kim S, Kim HY, Kim KS, Cha EJ, Kim Y, Chai YG. Diversity of ion channels in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 12:337-42. [PMID: 19967076 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2008.12.6.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) represent a potentially valuable cell type for clinical therapeutic applications. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of long-term culturing (up to 10(th) passages) of hBM-MSCs from eight individual amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, focusing on functional ion channels. All hBM-MSCs contain several MSCs markers with no significant differences, whereas the distribution of functional ion channels was shown to be different between cells. Four types of K(+) currents, including noise-like Ca(+2)-activated K(+) current (IK(Ca)), a transient outward K(+) current (I(to)), a delayed rectifier K(+) current (IK(DR)), and an inward-rectifier K(+) current (K(ir)) were heterogeneously present in these cells, and a TTX-sensitive Na(+) current (I(Na,TTX)) was also recorded. In the RT-PCR analysis, Kv1.1, heag1, Kv4.2, Kir2.1, MaxiK, and hNE-Na were detected. In particular, I(Na,TTX) showed a significant passage-dependent increase. This is the first report showing that functional ion channel profiling depend on the cellular passage of hBM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sun Park
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Korea
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Tao R, Lau CP, Tse HF, Li GR. Regulation of cell proliferation by intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium and volume-sensitive chloride channels in mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C1409-16. [PMID: 18815226 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00268.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine; however, their cellular physiology is not fully understood. The present study aimed at exploring the potential roles of the two dominant functional ion channels, intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (IK(Ca)) and volume-sensitive chloride (I(Cl.vol)) channels, in regulating proliferation of mouse MSCs. We found that inhibition of IK(Ca) with clotrimazole and I(Cl.vol) with 5-nitro-1-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) reduced cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Knockdown of KCa3.1 or Clcn3 with specific short interference (si)RNAs significantly reduced IK(Ca) or I(Cl.vol) density and channel protein and produced a remarkable suppression of cell proliferation (by 24.4 +/- 9.6% and 29.5 +/- 7.2%, respectively, P < 0.05 vs. controls). Flow cytometry analysis showed that mouse MSCs retained at G(0)/G(1) phase (control: 51.65 +/- 3.43%) by inhibiting IK(Ca) or I(Cl.vol) using clotrimazole (2 microM: 64.45 +/- 2.20%, P < 0.05) or NPPB (200 microM: 82.89 +/- 2.49%, P < 0.05) or the specific siRNAs, meanwhile distribution of cells in S phase was decreased. Western blot analysis revealed a reduced expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Collectively, our results have demonstrated that IK(Ca) and I(Cl.vol) channels regulate cell cycle progression and proliferation of mouse MSCs by modulating cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tao
- Dept. of Medicine, L8-01, Laboratory Block, FMB, The Univ. of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
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Matta C, Fodor J, Szíjgyártó Z, Juhász T, Gergely P, Csernoch L, Zákány R. Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration exhibits a characteristic temporal pattern during in vitro cartilage differentiation: A possible regulatory role of calcineurin in Ca-signalling of chondrogenic cells. Cell Calcium 2008; 44:310-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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