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Vieira-Lara MA, Bakker BM. The paradox of fatty-acid β-oxidation in muscle insulin resistance: Metabolic control and muscle heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167172. [PMID: 38631409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a metabolically heterogeneous tissue that plays a key role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. It is well known that muscle insulin resistance (IR) precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. There is a consensus that the accumulation of specific lipid species in the tissue can drive IR. However, the role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation in IR and, consequently, in the control of glucose uptake remains paradoxical: interventions that either inhibit or activate fatty-acid β-oxidation have been shown to prevent IR. We here discuss the current theories and evidence for the interplay between β-oxidation and glucose uptake in IR. To address the underlying intricacies, we (1) dive into the control of glucose uptake fluxes into muscle tissues using the framework of Metabolic Control Analysis, and (2) disentangle concepts of flux and catalytic capacities taking into account skeletal muscle heterogeneity. Finally, we speculate about hitherto unexplored mechanisms that could bring contrasting evidence together. Elucidating how β-oxidation is connected to muscle IR and the underlying role of muscle heterogeneity enhances disease understanding and paves the way for new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Batterson PM, McGowan EM, Borowik AK, Kinter MT, Miller BF, Newsom SA, Robinson MM. High-fat diet increases electron transfer flavoprotein synthesis and lipid respiration in skeletal muscle during exercise training in female mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15840. [PMID: 37857571 PMCID: PMC10587055 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and exercise remodel skeletal muscle mitochondria. The electron transfer flavoproteins (ETF) transfer reducing equivalents from β-oxidation into the electron transfer system. Exercise may stimulate the synthesis of ETF proteins to increase lipid respiration. We determined mitochondrial remodeling for lipid respiration through ETF in the context of higher mitochondrial abundance/capacity seen in female mice. We hypothesized HFD would be a greater stimulus than exercise to remodel ETF and lipid pathways through increased protein synthesis alongside increased lipid respiration. Female C57BL/6J mice (n = 15 per group) consumed HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) for 4 weeks then remained sedentary (SED) or completed 8 weeks of treadmill training (EX). We determined mitochondrial lipid respiration, RNA abundance, individual protein synthesis, and abundance for ETFα, ETFβ, and ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH). HFD increased absolute and relative lipid respiration (p = 0.018 and p = 0.034) and RNA abundance for ETFα (p = 0.026), ETFβ (p = 0.003), and ETFDH (p = 0.0003). HFD increased synthesis for ETFα and ETFDH (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.002). EX increased synthesis of ETFβ and ETFDH (p = 0.008 and p = 0.006). Higher synthesis rates of ETF were not always reflected in greater protein abundance. Greater synthesis of ETF during HFD indicates mitochondrial remodeling which may contribute higher mitochondrial lipid respiration through enhanced ETF function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Batterson
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Erin M. McGowan
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Agnieszka K. Borowik
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Michael T. Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research ProgramOklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
- Oklahoma City VAOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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Murashov AK, Pak ES, Mar J, O’Brien K, Fisher-Wellman K, Bhat KM. Paternal Western diet causes transgenerational increase in food consumption in Drosophila with parallel alterations in the offspring brain proteome and microRNAs. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22966. [PMID: 37227156 PMCID: PMC10234493 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300239rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that ancestral diet might play an important role in determining offspring's metabolic traits. However, it is not yet clear whether ancestral diet can affect offspring's food choices and feeding behavior. In the current study, taking advantage of Drosophila model system, we demonstrate that paternal Western diet (WD) increases offspring food consumption up to the fourth generation. Paternal WD also induced alterations in F1 offspring brain proteome. Using enrichment analyses of pathways for upregulated and downregulated proteins, we found that upregulated proteins had significant enrichments in terms related to translation and translation factors, whereas downregulated proteins displayed enrichments in small molecule metabolic processes, TCA cycles, and electron transport chain (ETC). Using MIENTURNET miRNA prediction tool, dme-miR-10-3p was identified as the top conserved miRNA predicted to target proteins regulated by ancestral diet. RNAi-based knockdown of miR-10 in the brain significantly increased food consumption, implicating miR-10 as a potential factor in programming feeding behavior. Together, these findings suggest that ancestral nutrition may influence offspring feeding behavior through alterations in miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Murashov
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Elena S. Pak
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Jordan Mar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Kevin O’Brien
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Kelsey Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology & East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Krishna M. Bhat
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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Batterson PM, McGowan EM, Stierwalt HD, Ehrlicher SE, Newsom SA, Robinson MM. Two weeks of high-intensity interval training increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration via complex-specific remodeling in sedentary humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:339-355. [PMID: 36603044 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00467.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic training remodels the quantity and quality (function per unit) of skeletal muscle mitochondria to promote substrate oxidation, however, there remain key gaps in understanding the underlying mechanisms during initial training adaptations. We used short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to determine changes to mitochondrial respiration and regulatory pathways that occur early in remodeling. Fifteen normal-weight sedentary adults started seven sessions of HIIT over 14 days and 14 participants completed the intervention. We collected vastus lateralis biopsies before and 48 h after HIIT to determine mitochondrial respiration, RNA sequencing, and Western blotting for proteins of mitochondrial respiration and degradation via autophagy. HIIT increased respiration per mitochondrial protein for lipid (+23% P = 0.020), complex I (+18%, P = 0.0015), complex I + II (+14%, P < 0.0001), and complex II (+24% P < 0.0001). Transcripts that increased with HIIT identified several gene sets of mitochondrial respiration, particularly for complex I, whereas transcripts that decreased identified pathways of DNA and chromatin remodeling. HIIT lowered protein abundance of autophagy markers for p62 (-19%, P = 0.012) and LC3 II/I (-20%, P = 0.004) in whole tissue lysates but not isolated mitochondria. Meal tolerance testing revealed HIIT increased the change in whole body respiratory exchange ratio and lowered cumulative plasma insulin concentrations. Gene transcripts and respiratory function indicate remodeling of mitochondria within 2 wk of HIIT. Overall changes are consistent with increased protein quality driving rapid improvements in substrate oxidation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerobic training stimulates mitochondrial metabolism in skeletal muscle that is linked to improvements to whole body fuel metabolism. The mechanisms driving changes to the quantity and quality (function per unit) of mitochondria are less known. We used seven sessions of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to determine functional changes and mechanisms of mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle. HIIT increased mitochondrial respiration per mass for fatty acids, complex I, and complex II substrates. HIIT-induced remodeling pathways including gene transcripts for mitochondrial respiration (via RNA sequencing of muscle tissue) and proteins related to complex I respiration. We conclude that an early feature of aerobic training is increased mitochondrial protein quality via improved respiration and induction of mitochondrial transcriptional patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Batterson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Erin M McGowan
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Harrison D Stierwalt
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Sarah E Ehrlicher
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Sean A Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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McGowan EM, Ehrlicher SE, Stierwalt HD, Robinson MM, Newsom SA. Impact of 4 weeks of western diet and aerobic exercise training on whole-body phenotype and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in male and female mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15543. [PMID: 36541261 PMCID: PMC9768729 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High dietary fat intake induces significant whole-body and skeletal muscle adaptations in mice, including increased capacity for fat oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. The impact of a diet that is high in fat and simple sugars (i.e., western diet [WD]), particularly on regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, is less understood. The purpose of the current study was to determine physiologic adaptations in mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle during short-term consumption of WD, including if adaptive responses to WD-feeding are modified by concurrent exercise training or may be sex-specific. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were randomized to consume low-fat diet (LFD) or WD for 4 weeks, with some WD-fed mice also performing concurrent treadmill training (WD + Ex). Group sizes were n = 4-7. Whole-body metabolism was measured using in-cage assessment of food intake and energy expenditure, DXA body composition analysis and insulin tolerance testing. High-resolution respirometry of mitochondria isolated from quadriceps muscle was used to determine skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory function. Male mice fed WD gained mass (p < 0.001), due to increased fat mass (p < 0.001), and displayed greater respiratory capacity for both lipid and non-lipid substrates compared with LFD mice (p < 0.05). There was no effect of concurrent treadmill training on maximal respiration (WD + Ex vs. WD). Female mice had non-significant changes in body mass and composition as a function of the interventions, and no differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. These findings indicate 4 weeks of WD feeding can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity among male mice; whereas WD, with or without exercise, had minimal impact on mass gain and skeletal muscle respiratory capacity among female mice. The translational relevance is that mitochondrial adaptation to increases in dietary fat intake that model WD may be related to differences in weight gain among male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. McGowan
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Sarah E. Ehrlicher
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Harrison D. Stierwalt
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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Zhou J, Hou P, Yao Y, Yue J, Zhang Q, Yi L, Mi M. Dihydromyricetin Improves High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperglycemia through ILC3 Activation via a SIRT3-Dependent Mechanism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101093. [PMID: 35635431 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Previous studies indicate that dihydromyricetin (DHM) effectively improved glucose homeostasis and alleviated insulin resistance in population-intervened trials, yet the underlying mechanism remains obscure. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type male mice and recombinase activating gene 1(Rag1)-/- mice (lacking adaptive immunity lymphocytes) are fed with control, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD+DHM diets for 8 weeks. DHM effectively protects HFD feeding mice against hyperglycemia by promoting group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) cells proliferation and interleukin 22 (IL-22) production. Furthermore, IL-22 secretion induced by DHM increases the expression levels of the tight junction (TJs) molecules to protect the intestinal barrier integrity, thereby decreasing the level of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), an endotoxin that is involved in the regulation of chronic tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. In addition, silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) deficiency results in more serious obesity and intestinal barrier damage following HFD feeding and abolished DHM-mediated increase in IL-22 expression levels of ILC3 cells in SIRT3 knockout (SIRT3KO) mice. DHM reduces metabolic stress and enhances mitochondrial respiratory capacity to promote cell proliferation and IL-22 secretion by activating SIRT3 in ILC3 cells CONCLUSIONS: DHM improves IL-22 production of ILC3 cells and subsequently inhibits intestinal barrier dysfunction to alleviate hyperglycemia partially mediated by SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yao
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yue
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Qianyong Zhang
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Long Yi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Mantian Mi
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chongqing Medical Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
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Vieira-Lara MA, Dommerholt MB, Zhang W, Blankestijn M, Wolters JC, Abegaz F, Gerding A, van der Veen YT, Thomas R, van Os RP, Reijngoud DJ, Jonker JW, Kruit JK, Bakker BM. Age-related susceptibility to insulin resistance arises from a combination of CPT1B decline and lipid overload. BMC Biol 2021; 19:154. [PMID: 34330275 PMCID: PMC8323306 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skeletal muscle plays a central role in glucose homeostasis through the uptake of glucose from the extracellular medium in response to insulin. A number of factors are known to disrupt the normal response to insulin leading to the emergence of insulin resistance (IR). Advanced age and a high-fat diet are factors that increase the susceptibility to IR, with lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle being a key driver of this phenomenon. It is debated, however, whether lipid accumulation arises due to dietary lipid overload or from a decline of mitochondrial function. To gain insights into the interplay of diet and age in the flexibility of muscle lipid and glucose handling, we combined lipidomics, proteomics, mitochondrial function analysis and computational modelling to investigate young and aged mice on a low- or high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS As expected, aged mice were more susceptible to IR when given a HFD than young mice. The HFD induced intramuscular lipid accumulation specifically in aged mice, including C18:0-containing ceramides and diacylglycerols. This was reflected by the mitochondrial β-oxidation capacity, which was upregulated by the HFD in young, but not in old mice. Conspicuously, most β-oxidation proteins were upregulated by the HFD in both groups, but carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) declined in aged animals. Computational modelling traced the flux control mostly to CPT1B, suggesting a CPT1B-driven loss of flexibility to the HFD with age. Finally, in old animals, glycolytic protein levels were reduced and less flexible to the diet. CONCLUSION We conclude that intramuscular lipid accumulation and decreased insulin sensitivity are not due to age-related mitochondrial dysfunction or nutritional overload alone, but rather to their combined effects. Moreover, we identify CPT1B as a potential target to counteract age-dependent intramuscular lipid accumulation and thereby IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen B Dommerholt
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Blankestijn
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fentaw Abegaz
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ydwine T van der Veen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P van Os
- Central Animal Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janine K Kruit
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Postbus 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Dou P, Feng X, Cheng X, Guan Q, Wang J, Qian S, Xu X, Zhou G, Ullah N, Zhu B, Chen L. Binding of aldehyde flavour compounds to beef myofibrillar proteins and the effect of nonenzymatic glycation with glucose and glucosamine. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Stierwalt HD, Ehrlicher SE, Robinson MM, Newsom SA. Skeletal Muscle ACSL Isoforms Relate to Measures of Fat Metabolism in Humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:624-632. [PMID: 32796254 PMCID: PMC8117722 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence from model systems implicates long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACSL) as key regulators of skeletal muscle fat oxidation and fat storage; however, such roles remain underexplored in humans. PURPOSE We sought to determine the protein expression of ACSL isoforms in skeletal muscle at rest and in response to acute exercise and identify relationships between skeletal muscle ACSL and measures of fat metabolism in humans. METHODS Sedentary adults (n = 14 [4 males and 10 females], body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.1 kg·m-2, V˙O2max = 32.2 ± 4.5 mL·kg-1⋅min-1) completed two study visits. Trials were identical other than completing 1 h of cycling exercise (65% V˙O2max) or remaining sedentary. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained 15-min postexercise (or rest) and 2-h postexercise to determine ACSL protein abundance. Whole-body fat oxidation was assessed at rest and during exercise using indirect calorimetry. Skeletal muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) was measured via lipidomic analysis. RESULTS We detected protein expression for four of the five known ACSL isoforms in human skeletal muscle. ACSL protein abundances were largely unaltered in the hours after exercise aside from a transient increase in ACSL5 15-min postexercise (P = 0.01 vs rest). Skeletal muscle ACSL1 protein abundance tended to be positively related with whole-body fat oxidation during exercise (P = 0.07, r = 0.53), when skeletal muscle accounts for the majority of energy expenditure. No such relationship between ACSL1 and fat oxidation was observed at rest. Skeletal muscle ACSL6 protein abundance was positively associated with muscle TAG content at rest (P = 0.05, r = 0.57). CONCLUSION Most ACSL protein isoforms can be detected in human skeletal muscle, with minimal changes in abundance after acute exercise. Our findings agree with those from model systems implicating ACSL1 and ACSL6 as possible determinants of fat oxidation and fat storage within skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison D. Stierwalt
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sarah E. Ehrlicher
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sean A. Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Silva G, Ferraresi C, de Almeida RT, Motta ML, Paixão T, Ottone VO, Fonseca IA, Oliveira MX, Rocha-Vieira E, Dias-Peixoto MF, Esteves EA, Coimbra CC, Amorim FT, Magalhães FDC. Insulin resistance is improved in high-fat fed mice by photobiomodulation therapy at 630 nm. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960140. [PMID: 31707768 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the infrared spectrum exerts positive effects on glucose metabolism, but the use of PBMT at the red spectrum has not been assessed. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into low-fat control and high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and were treated with red (630 nm) PBMT or no treatment (Sham) during weeks 9 to 12. PBMT was delivered at 31.19 J/cm2 , 60 J total dose per day for 20 days. In HFD-fed mice, PBMT improved glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia. PBMT also reduced adiposity and inflammatory infiltrate in adipose tissue. Phosphorylation of Akt in epididymal adipose tissue and rectus femoralis muscle was improved by PBMT. In epididymal fat PBMT reversed the reduced phosphorylation of AS160 and the reduced Glut4 content. In addition, PBMT reversed the alterations caused by HFD in rectus femoralis muscle on proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and β-oxidation. In conclusion, PBMT at red spectrum improved insulin resistance and glucose metabolism in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Cleber Ferraresi
- Post-Graduation Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T de Almeida
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Mariana L Motta
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Thiago Paixão
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Vinicius O Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Ivana A Fonseca
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Murilo X Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional, Physiotherapy Department, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marco F Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Elizabethe A Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Cândido C Coimbra
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabiano T Amorim
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Department of Heath, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Básicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
- Department of Heath, Exercise and Sports Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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11
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Ehrlicher SE, Stierwalt HD, Miller BF, Newsom SA, Robinson MM. Mitochondrial adaptations to exercise do not require Bcl2-mediated autophagy but occur with BNIP3/Parkin activation. FASEB J 2020; 34:4602-4618. [PMID: 32030805 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902594rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial respiratory function and adaptations to metabolic challenges, such as exercise and high dietary fat, is necessary to promote skeletal muscle health and attenuate metabolic disease. Autophagy is a constitutively active degradation pathway that promotes mitochondrial turnover and transiently increases postexercise. Recent evidence indicates Bcl2 mediates exercise-induced autophagy and skeletal muscle adaptions to training during high-fat diet. We determined if improvements in mitochondrial respiration due to exercise training required Bcl2-mediated autophagy using a transgenic mouse model of impaired inducible autophagy (Bcl2AAA ). Mitochondrial adaptations to a treadmill exercise training protocol, in either low-fat or high-fat diet fed mice, did not require Bcl2-mediated autophagy activation. Instead, training increased protein synthesis rates and basal autophagy in the Bcl2AAA mice, while acute exercise activated BNIP3 and Parkin autophagy. High-fat diet stimulated lipid-specific mitochondrial adaptations. These data demonstrate increases in basal mitochondrial turnover, not transient activation with exercise, mediate adaptations to exercise and high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Ehrlicher
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Harrison D Stierwalt
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sean A Newsom
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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12
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Dent JR, Hetrick B, Tahvilian S, Sathe A, Greyslak K, LaBarge SA, Svensson K, McCurdy CE, Schenk S. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and exercise capacity are not impaired in mice with knockout of STAT3. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1117-1127. [PMID: 31513449 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00003.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was recently found to be localized to mitochondria in a number of tissues and cell types, where it modulates oxidative phosphorylation via interactions with the electron transport proteins, complex I and complex II. Skeletal muscle is densely populated with mitochondria although whether STAT3 contributes to skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is unknown. In the present study, we sought to elucidate the contribution of STAT3 to mitochondrial and skeletal muscle function by studying mice with muscle-specific knockout of STAT3 (mKO). First, we developed a novel flow cytometry-based approach to confirm that STAT3 is present in skeletal muscle mitochondria. However, contrary to findings in other tissue types, complex I and complex II activity and maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle were comparable between mKO mice and floxed/wild-type littermates. Moreover, there were no genotype differences in endurance exercise performance, skeletal muscle force-generating capacity, or the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to voluntary wheel running. Collectively, although we confirm the presence of STAT3 in skeletal muscle mitochondria, our data establish that STAT3 is dispensable for mitochondrial and physiological function in skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) can regulate the activity of complex I and II of the electron transport chain and mitochondrial oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle, as it can in other tissues, is unknown. By using a mouse model lacking STAT3 in muscle, we demonstrate that skeletal muscle mitochondrial and physiological function, both in vivo and ex vivo, is not impacted by the loss of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Dent
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Shahriar Tahvilian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Abha Sathe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Keenan Greyslak
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Samuel A LaBarge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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13
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Kras KA, Langlais PR, Hoffman N, Roust LR, Benjamin TR, De Filippis EA, Dinu V, Katsanos CS. Obesity modifies the stoichiometry of mitochondrial proteins in a way that is distinct to the subcellular localization of the mitochondria in skeletal muscle. Metabolism 2018; 89:18-26. [PMID: 30253140 PMCID: PMC6221946 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function appear to be altered in obesity. Mitochondria in muscle are found in well-defined regions within cells, and they are arranged in a way that form distinct subpopulations of subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria. We sought to investigate differences in the proteomes of SS and IMF mitochondria between lean subjects and subjects with obesity. METHODS We performed comparative proteomic analyses on SS and IMF mitochondria isolated from muscle samples obtained from lean subjects and subjects with obesity. Mitochondria were isolated using differential centrifugation, and proteins were subjected to label-free quantitative tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Collected data were evaluated for abundance of mitochondrial proteins using spectral counting. The Reactome pathway database was used to determine metabolic pathways that are altered in obesity. RESULTS Among proteins, 73 and 41 proteins showed different (mostly lower) expression in subjects with obesity in the SS and IMF mitochondria, respectively (false discovery rate-adjusted P ≤ 0.05). We specifically found an increase in proteins forming the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) complex II, but a decrease in proteins forming protein complexes I and III of the ETC and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase in subjects with obesity in the IMF, but not SS, mitochondria. Obesity was associated with differential effects on metabolic pathways linked to protein translation in the SS mitochondria and ATP formation in the IMF mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Obesity alters the expression of mitochondrial proteins regulating key metabolic processes in skeletal muscle, and these effects are distinct to mitochondrial subpopulations located in different regions of the muscle fibers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01824173).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katon A Kras
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America
| | - Paul R Langlais
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America
| | - Nyssa Hoffman
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America
| | - Lori R Roust
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America
| | - Tonya R Benjamin
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America
| | - Elena A De Filippis
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America
| | - Valentin Dinu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America
| | - Christos S Katsanos
- Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America; College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, United States of America.
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