1
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Sakai H, Imai Y. Cell-specific functions of androgen receptor in skeletal muscles. Endocr J 2024; 71:437-445. [PMID: 38281756 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgens play a vital role not only in promoting the development of male sexual characteristics but also in exerting diverse physiological effects, including the regulation of skeletal muscle growth and function. Given that the effects of androgens are mediated through androgen receptor (AR) binding, an understanding of AR functionality is crucial for comprehending the mechanisms of androgen action on skeletal muscles. Drawing from insights gained using conditional knockout mouse models facilitated by Cre/loxP technology, we review the cell-specific functions of AR in skeletal muscles. We focus on three specific cell populations expressing AR within skeletal muscles: skeletal muscle cells, responsible for muscle contraction; satellite cells, which are essential stem cells contributing to the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscles; and mesenchymal progenitors, situated in interstitial areas and playing a crucial role in muscle homeostasis. Furthermore, the indirect effects of androgens on skeletal muscle through extra-muscle tissue are essential, especially for the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. The regulation of genes by AR varies across different cell types and contexts, including homeostasis, regeneration and hypertrophy of skeletal muscles. The varied mechanisms orchestrated by AR collectively influence the physiology of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Yuuki Imai
- Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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2
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Barsky ST, Monks DA. Lifespan Effects of Muscle-Specific Androgen Receptor Overexpression on Body Composition of Male and Female Rats. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae012. [PMID: 38301268 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Androgenic actions of gonadal testosterone are thought to be a major mechanism promoting sex differences in body composition across the lifespan. However, this inference is based on studies of androgen receptor (AR) function in late adolescent or emerging adult rodents. Here we assess body composition and AR expression in skeletal muscle of rats at defined ages, comparing wild-type (WT) to transgenic human skeletal actin-driven AR overexpression (HSAAR) rats which overexpress AR in skeletal muscle. Male and female HSAAR and WT Sprague Dawley rats (N = 288) underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning and tissue collection at postnatal day (PND) 1, 10, 21, 42, 70, 183, 243, and 365. Expected sex differences in body composition and muscle mass largely onset with puberty (PND-21), with no associated changes to skeletal muscle AR protein. In adulthood, HSAAR increased tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus mass in males, and reduced the expected gain in gonadal fat mass in both sexes. In WT rats, AR protein was reduced in soleus, but not TA, throughout life. Nonetheless, soleus AR protein expression was greater in male rats than female rats at all ages of sexual development, yet only at PND-70 in TA. Overall, despite muscle AR overexpression effects, results are inconsistent with major sex differences in body composition during sexual development being driven by changes in muscle AR, rather suggesting that changes in ligand promote sexual differentiation of body composition during pubertal timing. Nonetheless, increased skeletal muscle AR in adulthood can be sufficient to increase muscle mass in males, and reduce adipose in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tzivia Barsky
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Douglas Ashley Monks
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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3
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Barsky ST, Monks DA. Androgen action on myogenesis throughout the lifespan; comparison with neurogenesis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 71:101101. [PMID: 37669703 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgens' pleiotropic actions in promoting sex differences present not only a challenge to providing a comprehensive account of their function, but also an opportunity to gain insights by comparing androgenic actions across organ systems. Although often overlooked by neuroscientists, skeletal muscle is another androgen-responsive organ system which shares with the nervous system properties of electrochemical excitability, behavioral relevance, and remarkable capacity for adaptive plasticity. Here we review androgenic regulation of mitogenic plasticity in skeletal muscle with the goal of identifying areas of interest to those researching androgenic mechanisms mediating sexual differentiation of neurogenesis. We use an organizational-activational framework to relate broad areas of similarity and difference between androgen effects on mitogenesis in muscle and brain throughout the lifespan, from early organogenesis, through pubertal organization, adult activation, and aging. The focus of the review is androgenic regulation of muscle-specific stem cells (satellite cells), which share with neural stem cells essential functions in development, plasticity, and repair, albeit with distinct, muscle-specific features. Also considered are areas of paracrine and endocrine interaction between androgen action on muscle and nervous system, including mediation of neural plasticity of innervating and distal neural populations by muscle-produced trophic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tzivia Barsky
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Douglas Ashley Monks
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts & Science, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Bhasin S, Krishnan V, Storer TW, Steiner M, Dobs AS. Androgens and Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators to Treat Functional Limitations Associated With Aging and Chronic Disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:25-31. [PMID: 37325955 PMCID: PMC10272983 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone, many steroidal androgens, and nonsteroidal ligands that bind to androgen receptor and exert tissue-specific transcriptional activity (selective androgen receptor modulators [SARMs]) are being developed as function-promoting therapies to treat functional limitations associated with aging and chronic diseases. This narrative review describes preclinical studies, mechanisms, and randomized trials of testosterone, other androgens, and nonsteroidal SARMs. Sex differences in muscle mass and strength and empiric use of anabolic steroids by athletes to increase muscularity and athletic performance provide supportive evidence of testosterone's anabolic effects. In randomized trials, testosterone treatment increases lean body mass, muscle strength, leg power, aerobic capacity, and self-reported mobility. These anabolic effects have been reported in healthy men, hypogonadal men, older men with mobility limitation and chronic diseases, menopausal women, and HIV-infected women with weight loss. Testosterone has not consistently improved walking speed. Testosterone treatment increases volumetric and areal bone mineral density, and estimated bone strength; improves sexual desire, erectile function, and sexual activity; modestly improves depressive symptoms; and corrects unexplained anemia in older men with low testosterone levels. Prior studies have not been of sufficient size or duration to determine testosterone's cardiovascular and prostate safety. The efficacy of testosterone in reducing physical limitations, fractures, falls, progression to diabetes, and correcting late-onset persistent depressive disorder remains to be established. Strategies to translate androgen-induced muscle mass and strength gains into functional improvements are needed. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of combined administration of testosterone (or a SARM) plus multidimensional functional exercise to induce neuromuscular adaptations required for meaningful functional improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,USA
| | - Venkatesh Krishnan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana,USA
| | - Thomas W Storer
- Research Program in Men’s Health: Aging and Metabolism, Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,USA
| | | | - Adrian S Dobs
- Johns Hopkins Clinical Research Network, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,USA
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5
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Opoku R, DeCata J, Phillips CL, Schulz LC. Effect of Genetically Reduced Maternal Myostatin on Late Gestation Maternal, Fetal, and Placental Metabolomes in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:719. [PMID: 37367877 PMCID: PMC10302353 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (gene symbol: Mstn) is an autocrine and paracrine inhibitor of muscle growth. Pregnant mice with genetically reduced levels of myostatin give birth to offspring with greater adult muscle mass and bone biomechanical strength. However, maternal myostatin is not detectable in fetal circulations. Fetal growth is dependent on the maternal environment, and the provisioning of nutrients and growth factors by the placenta. Thus, this study examined the effect of reduced maternal myostatin on maternal and fetal serum metabolomes, as well as the placental metabolome. Fetal and maternal serum metabolomes were highly distinct, which is consistent with the role of the placenta in creating a specific fetal nutrient environment. There was no effect from myostatin on maternal glucose tolerance or fasting insulin. In comparisons between pregnant control and Mstn+/- mice, there were more significantly different metabolite concentrations in fetal serum, at 50, than in the mother's serum at 33, confirming the effect of maternal myostatin reduction on the fetal metabolic milieu. Polyamines, lysophospholipids, fatty acid oxidation, and vitamin C, in fetal serum, were all affected by maternal myostatin reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Opoku
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.O.); (J.D.)
| | - Jenna DeCata
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (R.O.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Laura C. Schulz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Motsinger LA, Okamoto LL, Ineck NE, Udy BA, Erickson CL, Harraq Y, Reichhardt CC, Murdoch GK, Thornton KJ. Understanding the Effects of Trenbolone Acetate, Polyamine Precursors, and Polyamines on Proliferation, Protein Synthesis Rates, and the Abundance of Genes Involved in Myoblast Growth, Polyamine Biosynthesis, and Protein Synthesis in Murine Myoblasts. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030446. [PMID: 36979138 PMCID: PMC10045634 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Research suggests that androgens increase skeletal muscle growth by modulating polyamine biosynthesis. As such, the objective of this study was to investigate effects of anabolic hormones, polyamine precursors, and polyamines relative to proliferation, protein synthesis, and the abundance of mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis, proliferation, and protein synthesis in C2C12 and Sol8 cells. Cultures were treated with anabolic hormones (trenbolone acetate and/or estradiol), polyamine precursors (methionine or ornithine), or polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, or spermine). Messenger RNA was isolated 0.5 or 1, 12, or 24 h post-treatment. The cell type had no effect (p > 0.10) on proliferation, protein synthesis, or mRNA abundance at any time point. Each treatment increased (p < 0.01) proliferation, and anabolic hormones increased (p = 0.04) protein synthesis. Polyamines increased (p < 0.05) the abundance of mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis, proliferation, and protein synthesis. Treatment with polyamine precursors decreased (p < 0.05) the abundance of mRNA involved in proliferation and protein synthesis. Overall, C2C12 and Sol8 myoblasts do not differ (p > 0.10) in proliferation, protein synthesis, or mRNA abundance at the time points assessed. Furthermore, anabolic hormones, polyamines, and polyamine precursors increase proliferation and protein synthesis, and polyamines and their precursors alter the abundance of mRNA involved in growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Motsinger
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Lillian L. Okamoto
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Nikole E. Ineck
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Brynne A. Udy
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Christopher L. Erickson
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Youssef Harraq
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Caleb C. Reichhardt
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Gordon K. Murdoch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Kara Jean Thornton
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +435-797-7696; Fax: +435-797-2118
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Elia I, Realini G, Di Mauro V, Borghi S, Bottoni L, Tornambè S, Vitiello L, Weiss SJ, Chiariello M, Tamburrini A, Oliviero S, Neri F, Orlandini M, Galvagni F. SNAI1 is upregulated during muscle regeneration and represses FGF21 and ATF3 expression by directly binding their promoters. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22401. [PMID: 35726676 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200215r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
During skeletal myogenesis, the zinc-finger transcription factors SNAI1 and SNAI2, are expressed in proliferating myoblasts and regulate the transition to terminally differentiated myotubes while repressing pro-differentiation genes. Here, we demonstrate that SNAI1 is upregulated in vivo during the early phase of muscle regeneration induced by bupivacaine injury. Using shRNA-mediated gene silencing in C2C12 myoblasts and whole-transcriptome microarray analysis, we identified a collection of genes belonging to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway whose expression, induced by myogenic differentiation, was upregulated in absence of SNAI1. Among these, key ER stress genes, such as Atf3, Ddit3/Chop, Hspa5/Bip, and Fgf21, a myokine involved in muscle differentiation, were strongly upregulated. Furthermore, by promoter mutant analysis and Chromatin immune precipitation assay, we demonstrated that SNAI1 represses Fgf21 and Atf3 in proliferating myoblasts by directly binding to multiple E boxes in their respective promoter regions. Together, these data describe a new regulatory mechanism of myogenic differentiation involving the direct repressive action of SNAI1 on ER stress and Fgf21 expression, ultimately contributing to maintaining the proliferative and undifferentiated state of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Elia
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Realini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vittoria Di Mauro
- IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), Milan Unit, National Research Council, Via Fantoli 16/15, Milan, 20138, Italy
| | - Sara Borghi
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Immune Monitoring Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Laura Bottoni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tornambè
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Stephen J Weiss
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Tamburrini
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.,IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.,IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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8
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Ipulan-Colet LA. Sexual dimorphism through androgen signaling; from external genitalia to muscles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:940229. [PMID: 35983512 PMCID: PMC9379613 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.940229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms can be seen in many organisms with some exhibiting subtle differences while some can be very evident. The difference between male and female can be seen on the morphological level such as discrepancies in body mass, presence of body hair in distinct places, or through the presence of specific reproductive structures. It is known that the development of the reproductive structures is governed by hormone signaling, most commonly explained through the actions of androgen signaling. The developmental program of the male and female external genitalia involves a common anlage, the genital tubercle or GT, that later on develop into a penis and clitoris, respectively. Androgen signaling involvement can be seen in the different tissues in the GT that express Androgen receptor and the different genes that are regulated by androgen in the mesenchyme and endoderm component of the GT. Muscles are also known to be responsive to androgen signaling with male and female muscles exhibiting different capabilities. However, the occurrence of sexual dimorphism in muscle development is unclear. In this minireview, a summary on the role of androgen in the sexually dimorphic development of the genital tubercle was provided. This was used as a framework on analyzing the different mechanism employed by androgen signaling to regulate the sexual dimorphism in muscle development.
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9
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Fu S, Lin X, Yin L, Wang X. Androgen receptor regulates the proliferation of myoblasts under appropriate or excessive stretch through IGF-1 receptor mediated p38 and ERK1/2 pathways. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:85. [PMID: 34526063 PMCID: PMC8444398 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen receptor (AR) exerts important roles in exercise-induced alterations of muscle mass, in which the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells or myoblasts are crucial. Our previous study in C2C12 myoblasts demonstrated that 15% (mimic appropriate exercise) and 20% (mimic excessive exercise) stretches promoted and inhibited the proliferation respectively; and AR played a crucial role in 15% stretch-induced pro-proliferation through IGF-1-modulated PI3K/Akt, p38 and ERK1/2 pathways, but AR’s role in stretches-modulated proliferation of general myoblasts, especially 20% stretch, remains unclear, and the mechanisms need to be further clarified. Methods Firstly, the discrepancy in proliferation and the above indicators between L6 (without AR) and C2C12 (with AR) myoblasts were compared under 15% or 20% stretch. Then the influences of transfection AR or exogenous IGF-1 treatment on proliferation and these indicators were detected in stretched L6 myoblasts. Results (1) Under un-stretched state, the proliferation of L6 was slower than C2C12 cells. Furthermore, AR knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts repressed, while AR overexpression in L6 myoblasts promoted the proliferation. (2) 15% stretch-induced increases in the proliferation and activities of p38 and ERK1/2 were lower in L6 than C2C12 cells; AR overexpression enhanced the proliferation of 15% stretched L6 cells accompanied with the increases of p38 and ERK1/2 activities. (3) 20% stretch-induced anti-proliferation and inhibition of p38 activity were severer in L6 than C2C12 myoblasts; AR overexpression reversed the anti-proliferation of 20% stretch and enhanced p38 activity in L6 myoblasts. (4) In stretched L6 myoblasts, AR overexpression increased IGF-1R level despite no detectable IGF-1; and recombinant IGF-1 increased the proliferation, the level of IGF-1R, and the activities of p38 and ERK1/2 in 15% stretched L6 myoblasts. Conclusions The study demonstrated AR's crucial roles in stretches-regulated proliferation of myoblasts, and increased AR fulfilled 15% stretch's pro-proliferation via activating IGF-1R- p38 and ERK1/2 pathways while decreased AR achieved 20% stretch's anti-proliferation via inhibiting IGF-1R- p38 pathway, which is useful to understand in depth the role and mechanisms of AR in appropriate exercise increasing while excessive exercise decreasing muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Fu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Department of Kinesiology, College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lijun Yin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 188 Hengren Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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10
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Ward PJ, Davey RA, Zajac JD, English AW. Neuronal androgen receptor is required for activity dependent enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:411-423. [PMID: 33864349 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal activity after nerve injury can enhance axon regeneration and the restoration of function. The mechanism for this enhancement relies in part on hormone receptors, and we previously demonstrated that systemic androgen receptor antagonism blocked the effect of exercise or electrical stimulation on enhancing axon regeneration after nerve injury in both sexes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the site of this androgen receptor signaling is both neuronal and involves the classical, genomic signaling pathway. In vivo, dorsal root ganglion neurons successfully regenerate in response to activity-dependent neuronal activation, and conditional deletion of the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor in adults blocks this effect in males and females. Motoneurons in males and females also respond in this manner, but we also observed a sex difference. In vitro, cultured sensory dorsal root ganglion neurons respond to androgens via traditional androgen receptor signaling mechanisms leading to enhanced neurite growth and did not respond to a testosterone conjugate that is unable to cross the cell membrane. Given our previous observation of a requirement for activity-dependent androgen receptor signaling to promote regeneration in both sexes, we interpret our results to indicate that genomic neuronal androgen receptor signaling is required for activity-dependent axon regeneration in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Ward
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur W English
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Gordon BS, Rossetti ML, Casero RA. Spermidine is not an independent factor regulating limb muscle mass in mice following androgen deprivation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:452-460. [PMID: 33125852 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining a critical amount of skeletal muscle mass is linked to reduced morbidity and mortality. In males, testicular androgens regulate muscle mass with a loss of androgens being critical as it is associated with muscle atrophy. Atrophy of the limb muscles is particularly important, but the pathways by which androgens regulate limb muscle mass remain equivocal. We used microarray analysis to identify changes to genes involved with polyamine metabolism in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of castrated mice. Of the polyamines, the concentration of spermidine (SPD) was significantly reduced in the TA of castrated mice. To assess whether SPD was an independent factor by which androgens regulate limb muscle mass, we treated castrated mice with SPD for 8 weeks and compared them with sham operated mice. Though this treatment paradigm effectively restored SPD concentrations in the TA muscles of castrated mice, mass of the limb muscles (i.e., TA, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and soleus) were not increased to the levels observed in sham animals. Consistent with those findings, muscle force production was also not increased by SPD treatment. Overall, these data demonstrate for the first time that SPD is not an independent factor by which androgens regulate limb skeletal muscle mass. Novelty: Polyamines regulate growth in various cells/tissues. Spermidine concentrations are reduced in the limb skeletal muscle following androgen depletion. Restoring spermidine concentrations in the limb skeletal muscle does not increase limb muscle mass or force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Gordon
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael L Rossetti
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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12
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Niu C, Zhang S, Mo G, Jiang Y, Li L, Xu H, Han C, Zhao H, Yan Y, Hu S, Hu J, Kang B, Jiang D. Effects of ODC on polyamine metabolism, hormone levels, cell proliferation and apoptosis in goose ovarian granulosa cells. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101226. [PMID: 34175802 PMCID: PMC8254008 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) plays an indispensable role in the process of polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamines are a pivotal part of living cells and have diverse roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, aging and reproduction. However, to date, there have been no reports about ODC regulating follicular development in goose ovaries. Here, we constructed ODC siRNA and overexpression plasmids and transfected them into goose primary granulosa cells (GCs) to elucidate the effects of ODC interference and overexpression on the polyamine metabolism, hormone levels, cell apoptosis and proliferation of granulosa cells. After interfering with ODC in GCs, the mRNA and protein levels of ODC and the content of putrescine were greatly decreased (P < 0.05). When ODC was overexpressed, ODC mRNA and protein levels and putrescine content were greatly increased (P < 0.05). The polyamine-metabolizing enzyme genes ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 (OAZ1) and spermidine / spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) were significantly increased, and spermidine synthase (SPDS) was significantly decreased when ODC was downregulated (P < 0.05). OAZ1, SPDS and SSAT were significantly increased when ODC was upregulated (P < 0.05). In addition, after interference with ODC, progesterone (P4) levels in the culture medium of GCs increased greatly (P < 0.05), while the overexpression of ODC caused the P4 level to decrease significantly (P < 0.05). After ODC downregulation, granulosa cell activity was significantly reduced, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and the BCL-2 / BAX ratio was downregulated (P < 0.05). Under ODC overexpression, the activity of GCs was notably increased, the apoptosis rate was significantly reduced, and the BCL-2 / BAX protein ratio was upregulated (P < 0.05). Our study successfully induced ODC interference and overexpression in goose ovarian GCs, and ODC regulated mainly putrescine content in GCs with a slight influence on spermidine and spermine. Moreover, ODC participated in the adjustment of P4 levels in the culture medium of GCs, promoted granulosa cell proliferation and inhibited granulosa cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Sujuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Guilin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hengyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P. R. China.
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13
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Tabbaa M, Ruz Gomez T, Campelj DG, Gregorevic P, Hayes A, Goodman CA. The regulation of polyamine pathway proteins in models of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and atrophy: a potential role for mTORC1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C987-C999. [PMID: 33881936 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00078.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines have been shown to be absolutely required for protein synthesis and cell growth. The serine/threonine kinase, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), also plays a fundamental role in the regulation of protein turnover and cell size, including in skeletal muscle, where mTORC1 is sufficient to increase protein synthesis and muscle fiber size, and is necessary for mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy. Recent evidence suggests that mTORC1 may regulate the polyamine metabolic pathway, however, there is currently no evidence in skeletal muscle. This study examined changes in polyamine pathway proteins during muscle hypertrophy induced by mechanical overload (7 days), with and without the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, and during muscle atrophy induced by food deprivation (48 h) and denervation (7 days) in mice. Mechanical overload induced an increase in mTORC1 signaling, protein synthesis and muscle mass, and these were associated with rapamycin-sensitive increases in adenosylmethione decarboxylase 1 (Amd1), spermidine synthase (SpdSyn), and c-Myc. Food deprivation decreased mTORC1 signaling, protein synthesis, and muscle mass, accompanied by a decrease in spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase 1 (Sat1). Denervation, resulted increased mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis, and decreased muscle mass, which was associated with an increase in SpdSyn, spermine synthase (SpmSyn), and c-Myc. Combined, these data show that polyamine pathway enzymes are differentially regulated in models of altered mechanical and metabolic stress, and that Amd1 and SpdSyn are, in part, regulated in a mTORC1-dependent manner. Furthermore, these data suggest that polyamines may play a role in the adaptive response to stressors in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tabbaa
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tania Ruz Gomez
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean G Campelj
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine - Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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The Impact of Polyamine Precursors, Polyamines, and Steroid Hormones on Temporal Messenger RNA Abundance in Bovine Satellite Cells Induced to Differentiate. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030764. [PMID: 33801966 PMCID: PMC8001141 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the U.S., approximately 90% of all cattle on feed receive an anabolic implant at some point during production. Despite the widespread use, how they operate to increase growth of cattle remains unknown. Polyamines are amino acid derivatives, which are potent growth stimulants, produced through the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Emerging research suggests that the hormones in anabolic implants interact with the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of steroidal hormones, polyamine precursors, and polyamines on mRNA abundance of bovine satellite cells, muscle precursor cells. The results from this study suggest that polyamine precursors and polyamines alter transcription factors involved in induction of differentiation of bovine satellite cells and the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, while the hormones in anabolic implants alter genes involved in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. These results mean that polyamines may impact differentiation of bovine satellite cells, ultimately affecting growth of cattle. Abstract Emerging research suggests that hormones found in anabolic implants interact with polyamine biosynthesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of steroidal hormones, polyamines and polyamine precursors on bovine satellite cell (BSC) differentiation and polyamine biosynthesis temporally. Primary BSCs were induced to differentiate in 3% horse serum (CON) and treated with 10 nM trenbolone acetate (TBA), 10 nM estradiol (E2), 10 nM TBA and 10 nM E2, 10 mM methionine, 8 mM ornithine, 2 mM putrescine, 1.5 mM spermidine, or 0.5 mM spermine. Total mRNA was isolated 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post-treatment. Abundance of mRNA for genes associated with induction of BSC differentiation: paired box transcription factor 7, myogenic factor 5, and myogenic differentiation factor 1 and genes in the polyamine biosynthesis pathway: ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine—were analyzed. Overall, steroidal hormones did not impact (p > 0.05) mRNA abundance of genes involved in BSC differentiation, but did alter (p = 0.04) abundance of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamine precursors influenced (p < 0.05) mRNA of genes involved in BSC differentiation. These results indicate that polyamine precursors and polyamines impact BSC differentiation and abundance of mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis, while steroidal hormones altered the mRNA involved in polyamine biosynthesis.
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Dhanasiri AKS, Johny A, Xue X, Berge GM, Bogevik AS, Rise ML, Fæste CK, Fernandes JMO. Plant-Based Diets Induce Transcriptomic Changes in Muscle of Zebrafish and Atlantic Salmon. Front Genet 2020; 11:575237. [PMID: 33193686 PMCID: PMC7642599 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.575237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the expansion of the aquaculture industry in the last two decades, there has been a large increase in the use of plant ingredients in aquafeeds, which has created new challenges in fish growth, health and welfare. Fish muscle growth is an important trait that is strongly affected by diet, but our knowledge on the effect of plant protein-based diets on global gene expression in muscle is still scant. The present study evaluated nutrigenomic effects of the inclusion of proteins from pea, soy and wheat into aquafeeds, compared to a control diet with fishmeal as the main protein source using the zebrafish model by RNA-seq; these results were extended to an important aquaculture species by analyzing selected differentially expressed genes identified in the zebrafish model on on-growing Atlantic salmon fed with equivalent plant protein-based diets. Expression of selected Atlantic salmon paralogues of the zebrafish homologs was analyzed using paralogue-specific qPCR assays. Global gene expression changes in muscle of zebrafish fed with plant-based diets were moderate, with the highest changes observed in the soy diet-fed fish, and no change for the pea diet-fed fish compared to the control diet. Among the differentially expressed genes were mylpfb, hsp90aa1.1, col2a1a, and odc1, which are important in regulating muscle growth, maintaining muscle structure and function, and muscle tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, those genes and their paralogues were differentially expressed in Atlantic salmon fed with the equivalent percentage of soy or wheat protein containing diets. Some of these genes were similarly regulated in both species while others showed species-specific regulation. The present study expands our understanding on the molecular effects of plant ingredients in fish muscle. Ultimately, the knowledge gained would be of importance for the improved formulation of sustainable plant-based diets for the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha K S Dhanasiri
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway.,Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Oslo, Norway
| | - Amritha Johny
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Gerd M Berge
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Nofima), Sunndalsøra, Norway
| | - Andre S Bogevik
- Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Nofima), Fyllingsdalen, Norway
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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16
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Lee YR, Kim H, Lew BL, Sim WY, Lee J, Oh HB, Hong J, Chung BC. Sex-related differences in urinary immune-related metabolic profiling of alopecia areata patients. Metabolomics 2020; 16:15. [PMID: 31950279 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-1634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alopecia areata is a well-known autoimmune disease affecting humans. Polyamines are closely associated with proliferation and inflammation, and steroid hormones are involved in immune responses. Additionally, bile acids play roles in immune homeostasis by activating various signaling pathways; however, the roles of these substances and their metabolites in alopecia areata remain unclear. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to identify differences in metabolite levels in urine samples from patients with alopecia areata and healthy controls. METHODS To assess polyamine, androgen, and bile acid concentrations, we performed high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our results showed that spermine and dehydroepiandrosterone levels differed significantly between male patients and controls, whereas ursodeoxycholic acid levels were significantly higher in female patients with alopecia areata than in controls. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested different urinary polyamine, androgen, and bile acid concentrations between alopecia areata patients and normal controls. Additionally, levels of endogenous substances varied according to sex, and this should be considered when developing appropriate treatments and diagnostic techniques. Our findings improve our understanding of polyamine, androgen, and bile acid profiles in patients with alopecia areata and highlight the need to consider sex-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Haksoon Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Bark Lynn Lew
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Korea
| | - Woo Young Sim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 05278, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea.
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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17
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Guo X, Jin W, Chang C, Ding Y, Wang Y, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang J, Xu C, Chen G, Guo J. Large-scale quantitative genomics analyzes the circRNA expression profile and identifies the key circRNA in regulating cell proliferation during the proliferation phase of rat LR. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2957-2966. [PMID: 31315467 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1640710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have been exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying the control of liver regeneration (LR). However, an integrated analysis of circRNAs expression of rat regenerating livers during the proliferation phase has not been performed yet. For this purpose, circRNAs expression profile was globally analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. It showed that 10,003 circRNAs were detected, and 164 circRNAs were differentially expressed. Subsequently, 27 circRNAs were predicted to bind to 58 candidate miRNAs and compete for miRNA-binding sites with 2195 mRNAs. By applying GO and KEGG analysis, it was predicted that these circRNAs significantly participated in tissue regeneration, regulation of cell proliferation and Ras, p53, Wnt, Jak-STAT, MAPK signalling pathways. Based on the number of the corresponding miRNAs and their role enriched and reported in cell proliferation of LR or hepatocellular carcinoma, four kinds of circRNAs (circ_03848, circ_08236, circ_13398 and circ_15013) were considered as the key circRNAs. The predicted competing endogenous RNA networks and bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential role of these circRNAs in LR, which would provide useful information for understanding the mechanism of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Guo
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Wei Jin
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Yi Ding
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Yahao Wang
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Lifei Li
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- c Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
| | - Guangwen Chen
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- a College of Life Science, Henan Normal University , Xinxiang , China.,b State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation , Xinxiang , China
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18
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Lee YR, Lee J, Lew BL, Sim WY, Hong J, Chung BC. Distribution of polyamines may be altered in different scalp regions of patients with hair loss. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1083-1086. [PMID: 31260133 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss, from the vertex or front of the head, generally occurs due to increased androgenic steroid levels. Androgenic steroids, particularly testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, are distributed differently across the vertex and occipital regions and are involved in inducing ornithine decarboxylase expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that the distribution of polyamines may be altered in different scalp regions. For the overall metabolic profiling of polyamines in patients with hair loss, a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. We investigated the differential polyamine levels in different regions of the hair of patients with male pattern baldness and those with female pattern hair loss. The levels of most polyamines were higher in the vertex region than in the occipital region, and N-acetyl polyamine levels differed significantly. We proposed to test our hypothesis by profiling polyamines in human hair fibre to evaluate the distribution of metabolites in various regions of the scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongae Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bark Lynn Lew
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Young Sim
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Uchitomi R, Hatazawa Y, Senoo N, Yoshioka K, Fujita M, Shimizu T, Miura S, Ono Y, Kamei Y. Metabolomic Analysis of Skeletal Muscle in Aged Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10425. [PMID: 31320689 PMCID: PMC6639307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-induced, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. To better understand changes in skeletal muscle during sarcopenia, we performed a metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle in young (8-week-old) and aged (28-month-old) mice by using capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis showed clear changes in metabolites between young and aged mice. Glucose metabolism products were decreased in aged mice, specifically fructose 1,6-diphosphate (0.4-fold) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (0.6-fold), possibly from decreased glycolytic muscle fibers. Multiple metabolic products associated with phospholipid metabolism were significantly changed in aged mice, which may reflect changes in cell membrane phospholipids of skeletal muscle. Products of polyamine metabolism, which are known to increase nucleic acid and protein synthesis, decreased in spermine (0.5-fold) and spermidine (0.6-fold) levels. By contrast, neurotransmitter levels were increased in skeletal muscle of aged mice, including acetylcholine (1.8-fold), histamine (2.6-fold), and serotonin (1.7-fold). The increase in acetylcholine might compensate for age-associated dropout of neuromuscular junctions, whereas the increases in histamine and serotonin might be due to muscle injury associated with aging. Further analysis focusing on the altered metabolites observed in this study will provide essential data for understanding aging muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Uchitomi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukino Hatazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshioka
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujita
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Geriatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
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20
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Haun CT, Mobley CB, Vann CG, Romero MA, Roberson PA, Mumford PW, Kephart WC, Healy JC, Patel RK, Osburn SC, Beck DT, Arnold RD, Nie B, Lockwood CM, Roberts MD. Soy protein supplementation is not androgenic or estrogenic in college-aged men when combined with resistance exercise training. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11151. [PMID: 30042516 PMCID: PMC6057888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently unclear as to whether sex hormones are significantly affected by soy or whey protein consumption. Additionally, estrogenic signaling may be potentiated via soy protein supplementation due to the presence of phytoestrogenic isoflavones. Limited also evidence suggests that whey protein supplementation may increase androgenic signaling. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC), whey protein concentrate (WPC), or placebo (PLA) supplementation on serum sex hormones, androgen signaling markers in muscle tissue, and estrogen signaling markers in subcutaneous (SQ) adipose tissue of previously untrained, college-aged men (n = 47, 20 ± 1 yrs) that resistance trained for 12 weeks. Fasting serum total testosterone increased pre- to post-training, but more so in subjects consuming WPC (p < 0.05), whereas serum 17β-estradiol remained unaltered. SQ estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein expression and hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA increased with training regardless of supplementation. Muscle androgen receptor (AR) mRNA increased while ornithine decarboxylase mRNA (a gene target indicative of androgen signaling) decreased with training regardless of supplementation (p < 0.05). No significant interactions of supplement and time were observed for adipose tissue ERα/β protein levels, muscle tissue AR protein levels, or mRNAs in either tissue indicative of altered estrogenic or androgenic activity. Interestingly, WPC had the largest effect on increasing type II muscle fiber cross sectional area values (Cohen's d = 1.30), whereas SPC had the largest effect on increasing this metric in type I fibers (Cohen's d = 0.84). These data suggest that, while isoflavones were detected in SPC, chronic WPC or SPC supplementation did not appreciably affect biomarkers related to muscle androgenic signaling or SQ estrogenic signaling. The noted fiber type-specific responses to WPC and SPC supplementation warrant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody T Haun
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - C Brooks Mobley
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Christopher G Vann
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Matthew A Romero
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Paul A Roberson
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Petey W Mumford
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Wesley C Kephart
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - James C Healy
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Romil K Patel
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Shelby C Osburn
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Darren T Beck
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University Pharmaceutical Research Building, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ben Nie
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University Pharmaceutical Research Building, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Michael D Roberts
- Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA.
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21
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Blockade of Metallothioneins 1 and 2 Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00305-16. [PMID: 27956698 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00305-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins are proteins that are involved in intracellular zinc storage and transport. Their expression levels have been reported to be elevated in several settings of skeletal muscle atrophy. We therefore investigated the effect of metallothionein blockade on skeletal muscle anabolism in vitro and in vivo We found that concomitant abrogation of metallothioneins 1 and 2 results in activation of the Akt pathway and increases in myotube size, in type IIb fiber hypertrophy, and ultimately in muscle strength. Importantly, the beneficial effects of metallothionein blockade on muscle mass and function was also observed in the setting of glucocorticoid addition, which is a strong atrophy-inducing stimulus. Given the blockade of atrophy and the preservation of strength in atrophy-inducing settings, these results suggest that blockade of metallothioneins 1 and 2 constitutes a promising approach for the treatment of conditions which result in muscle atrophy.
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22
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Shukla-Dave A, Castillo-Martin M, Chen M, Lobo J, Gladoun N, Collazo-Lorduy A, Khan FM, Ponomarev V, Yi Z, Zhang W, Pandolfi PP, Hricak H, Cordon-Cardo C. Ornithine Decarboxylase Is Sufficient for Prostate Tumorigenesis via Androgen Receptor Signaling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3131-3145. [PMID: 27770613 PMCID: PMC5225291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased polyamine synthesis is known to play an important role in prostate cancer. We aimed to explore its functional significance in prostate tumor initiation and its link to androgen receptor (AR) signaling. For this purpose, we generated a new cell line derived from normal epithelial prostate cells (RWPE-1) with overexpression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and used it for in vitro and in vivo experiments. We then comprehensively analyzed the expression of the main metabolic enzymes of the polyamine pathway and spermine abundance in 120 well-characterized cases of human prostate cancer and high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). Herein, we show that the ODC-overexpressing prostate cells underwent malignant transformation, revealing that ODC is sufficient for de novo tumor initiation in 94% of injected mice. This oncogenic capacity was acquired through alteration of critical signaling networks, including AR, EIF2, and mTOR/MAPK. RNA silencing experiments revealed the link between AR signaling and polyamine metabolism. Human prostate cancers consistently demonstrated up-regulation of the main polyamine enzymes analyzed (ODC, polyamine oxidase, and spermine synthase) and reduction of spermine. This phenotype was also dominant in HGPIN, rendering it a new biomarker of malignant transformation. In summary, we report that ODC plays a key role in prostate tumorigenesis and that the polyamine pathway is altered as early as HGPIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Shukla-Dave
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ming Chen
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Lobo
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nataliya Gladoun
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ana Collazo-Lorduy
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Faisal M Khan
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pier P Pandolfi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Moaddel R, Fabbri E, Khadeer MA, Carlson OD, Gonzalez-Freire M, Zhang P, Semba RD, Ferrucci L. Plasma Biomarkers of Poor Muscle Quality in Older Men and Women from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1266-72. [PMID: 27029859 PMCID: PMC5018564 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive decline in muscle mass, strength, and quality all of which contribute to functional impairment, falls, mobility disability, and frailty. Circulating factors may provide clues on the mechanisms for decline in muscle quality with aging. Characterizing the metabolic profile associated with reduced muscle quality in older persons could have important translational implications for the early identification of subjects at high risk of developing sarcopenia and the identification of targets for new preventive strategies and treatments. In a pilot cross-sectional, case-control study nested in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging, we compared circulating metabolites between 79 participants with low muscle quality ratio and 79 controls with high muscle quality, matched by age, sex, and height. The concentrations of 180 metabolites were determined by LC MS/MS, using the Biocrates p180 system, a targeted metabolomics approach. Participants with low muscle quality had significantly higher levels of leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, serotonin, and methionine, while those with high muscle quality had significantly lower levels of putrescine and the selected phophatidylcholine (PCs) and lysoPCs. The results of this study open a new road for future investigations aimed at identifying new metabolic pathways involved in the decline of muscle quality with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Intramural Research Programs, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Elisa Fabbri
- Intramural Research Programs, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohammed A Khadeer
- Intramural Research Programs, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olga D Carlson
- Intramural Research Programs, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Intramural Research Programs, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Programs, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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24
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de Rooy C, Grossmann M, Zajac JD, Cheung AS. Targeting muscle signaling pathways to minimize adverse effects of androgen deprivation. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R15-26. [PMID: 26432470 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a highly effective treatment used in ∼30% of men with prostate cancer. Adverse effects of ADT on muscle are significant with consistent losses in muscle mass. However, effects of ADT on muscle strength and physical function, of most relevance to the patient, are less well understood. This is in part due to the fact that muscle effects of ADT at the cellular, genetic and protein level, critical to the understanding of the pathophysiology of sarcopenia, have come into focus only recently. This review highlights the complexity of androgen-dependent signaling in muscle with an emphasis on recent findings in the regulation of muscle growth and muscle atrophy pathways. Furthermore, the effects of ADT and testosterone on skeletal muscle histology, gene expression and protein transcription are discussed. A better mechanistic understanding of the regulation of muscle mass and function by androgens should not only pave the way for developing targeted promyogenic interventions for men with prostate cancer receiving ADT but also may have wider implications for age-associated sarcopenia in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey de Rooy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyAustin Health, Studley Road Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyAustin Health, Studley Road Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyAustin Health, Studley Road Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyAustin Health, Studley Road Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyAustin Health, Studley Road Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - Ada S Cheung
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyAustin Health, Studley Road Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia Department of MedicineUniversity of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, AustraliaDepartment of EndocrinologyAustin Health, Studley Road Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
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25
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Rana K, Lee NKL, Zajac JD, MacLean HE. Expression of androgen receptor target genes in skeletal muscle. Asian J Androl 2015; 16:675-83. [PMID: 24713826 PMCID: PMC4215656 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the mechanisms of the anabolic actions of androgens in skeletal muscle by investigating potential androgen receptor (AR)-regulated genes in in vitro and in vivo models. The expression of the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin was significantly decreased in skeletal muscle from testosterone-treated orchidectomized male mice compared to control orchidectomized males, and was increased in muscle from male AR knockout mice that lacked DNA binding activity (ARΔZF2) versus wildtype mice, demonstrating that myogenin is repressed by the androgen/AR pathway. The ubiquitin ligase Fbxo32 was repressed by 12 h dihydrotestosterone treatment in human skeletal muscle cell myoblasts, and c-Myc expression was decreased in testosterone-treated orchidectomized male muscle compared to control orchidectomized male muscle, and increased in ARΔZF2 muscle. The expression of a group of genes that regulate the transition from myoblast proliferation to differentiation, Tceal7, p57Kip2, Igf2 and calcineurin Aa, was increased in ARΔZF2 muscle, and the expression of all but p57Kip2 was also decreased in testosterone-treated orchidectomized male muscle compared to control orchidectomized male muscle. We conclude that in males, androgens act via the AR in part to promote peak muscle mass by maintaining myoblasts in the proliferative state and delaying the transition to differentiation during muscle growth and development, and by suppressing ubiquitin ligase-mediated atrophy pathways to preserve muscle mass in adult muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesha Rana
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Galbiati M, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Cristofani R, Cicardi ME, Giorgetti E, Onesto E, Messi E, Poletti A. ALS-related misfolded protein management in motor neurons and muscle cells. Neurochem Int 2014; 79:70-8. [PMID: 25451799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of adult-onset motor neuron disease. It is now considered a multi-factorial and multi-systemic disorder in which alterations of the crosstalk between neuronal and non-neuronal cell types might influence the course of the disease. In this review, we will provide evidence that dysfunctions of affected muscle cells are not only a marginal consequence of denervation associated to motor neurons loss, but a direct consequence of cell muscle toxicity of mutant SOD1. In muscle, the misfolded state of mutant SOD1 protein, unlike in motor neurons, does not appear to have direct effects on protein aggregation and mitochondrial functionality. Muscle cells are, in fact, more capable than motor neurons to handle misfolded proteins, suggesting that mutant SOD1 toxicity in muscle is not mediated by classical mechanisms of intracellular misfolded proteins accumulation. Several recent works indicate that a higher activation of molecular chaperones and degradative systems is present in muscle cells, which for this reason are possibly able to better manage misfolded mutant SOD1. However, several alterations in gene expression and regenerative potential of skeletal muscles have also been reported as a consequence of the expression of mutant SOD1 in muscle. Whether these changes in muscle cells are causative of ALS or a consequence of motor neuron alterations is not yet clear, but their elucidation is very important, since the understanding of the mechanisms involved in mutant SOD1 toxicity in muscle may facilitate the design of treatments directed toward this specific tissue to treat ALS or at least to delay disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; InterUniversity Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIMN), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Roma "Tor Vergata", Genova and Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; InterUniversity Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIMN), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Roma "Tor Vergata", Genova and Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; InterUniversity Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIMN), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Roma "Tor Vergata", Genova and Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; InterUniversity Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIMN), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Roma "Tor Vergata", Genova and Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Giorgetti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elisa Onesto
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centre of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy; InterUniversity Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIMN), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Roma "Tor Vergata", Genova and Milano, Italy.
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27
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Blanqué R, Lepescheux L, Auberval M, Minet D, Merciris D, Cottereaux C, Clément-Lacroix P, Delerive P, Namour F. Characterization of GLPG0492, a selective androgen receptor modulator, in a mouse model of hindlimb immobilization. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:291. [PMID: 25185887 PMCID: PMC4167280 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle wasting is a hallmark of many chronic conditions but also of aging and results in a progressive functional decline leading ultimately to disability. Androgens, such as testosterone were proposed as therapy to counteract muscle atrophy. However, this treatment is associated with potential cardiovascular and prostate cancer risks and therefore not acceptable for long-term treatment. Selective Androgen receptor modulators (SARM) are androgen receptor ligands that induce muscle anabolism while having reduced effects in reproductive tissues. Therefore, they represent an alternative to testosterone therapy. Our objective was to demonstrate the activity of SARM molecule (GLPG0492) on a immobilization muscle atrophy mouse model as compared to testosterone propionate (TP) and to identify putative biomarkers in the plasma compartment that might be related to muscle function and potentially translated into the clinical space. Methods GLPG0492, a non-steroidal SARM, was evaluated and compared to TP in a mouse model of hindlimb immobilization. Results GLPG0492 treatment partially prevents immobilization-induced muscle atrophy with a trend to promote muscle fiber hypertrophy in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, GLPG0492 was found as efficacious as TP at reducing muscle loss while sparing reproductive tissues. Furthermore, gene expression studies performed on tibialis samples revealed that both GLPG0492 and TP were slowing down muscle loss by negatively interfering with major signaling pathways controlling muscle mass homeostasis. Finally, metabolomic profiling experiments using 1H-NMR led to the identification of a plasma GLPG0492 signature linked to the modulation of cellular bioenergetic processes. Conclusions Taken together, these results unveil the potential of GLPG0492, a non-steroidal SARM, as treatment for, at least, musculo-skeletal atrophy consecutive to coma, paralysis, or limb immobilization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-291) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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28
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Jasuja R, Costello JC, Singh R, Gupta V, Spina CS, Toraldo G, Jang H, Li H, Serra C, Guo W, Chauhan P, Narula NS, Guarneri T, Ergun A, Travison TG, Collins JJ, Bhasin S. Combined administration of testosterone plus an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor as a selective prostate-sparing anabolic therapy. Aging Cell 2014; 13:303-10. [PMID: 24305501 PMCID: PMC4331775 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its anabolic effects on muscle, testosterone is being explored as a function-promoting anabolic therapy for functional limitations associated with aging; however, concerns about testosterone's adverse effects on prostate have inspired efforts to develop strategies that selectively increase muscle mass while sparing the prostate. Testosterone's promyogenic effects are mediated through upregulation of follistatin. We show here that the administration of recombinant follistatin (rFst) increased muscle mass in mice, but had no effect on prostate mass. Consistent with the results of rFst administration, follistatin transgenic mice with constitutively elevated follistatin levels displayed greater muscle mass than controls, but had similar prostate weights. To elucidate signaling pathways regulated differentially by testosterone and rFst in prostate and muscle, we performed microarray analysis of mRNAs from prostate and levator ani of castrated male mice treated with vehicle, testosterone, or rFst. Testosterone and rFst shared the regulation of many transcripts in levator ani; however, in prostate, 593 transcripts in several growth-promoting pathways were differentially expressed after testosterone treatment, while rFst showed a negligible effect with only 9 transcripts differentially expressed. Among pathways that were differentially responsive to testosterone in prostate, we identified ornithine decarboxylase (Odc1), an enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, as a testosterone-responsive gene that is unresponsive to rFst. Accordingly, we administered testosterone with and without α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an Odc1 inhibitor, to castrated mice. DFMO selectively blocked testosterone's effects on prostate, but did not affect testosterone's anabolic effects on muscle. Co-administration of testosterone and Odc1 inhibitor presents a novel therapeutic strategy for prostate-sparing anabolic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jasuja
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - James C. Costello
- Howards Hughes Medical Institute Center for BioDynamics Boston University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Rajan Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Charles Drew University of Medicine and Science David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles CA 90059 USA
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Catherine S. Spina
- Howards Hughes Medical Institute Center for BioDynamics Boston University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Gianluca Toraldo
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Hyeran Jang
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Hu Li
- Howards Hughes Medical Institute Center for BioDynamics Boston University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Carlo Serra
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Wen Guo
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Pratibha Chauhan
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Navjot S. Narula
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Tyler Guarneri
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Ayla Ergun
- Howards Hughes Medical Institute Center for BioDynamics Boston University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Thomas G. Travison
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - James J. Collins
- Howards Hughes Medical Institute Center for BioDynamics Boston University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02215 USA
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center for Function Promoting Anabolic Therapies Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School 221 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
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Serra C, Sandor NL, Jang H, Lee D, Toraldo G, Guarneri T, Wong S, Zhang A, Guo W, Jasuja R, Bhasin S. The effects of testosterone deprivation and supplementation on proteasomal and autophagy activity in the skeletal muscle of the male mouse: differential effects on high-androgen responder and low-androgen responder muscle groups. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4594-606. [PMID: 24105483 PMCID: PMC3836062 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Men with prostate cancer who receive androgen deprivation therapy show profound skeletal muscle loss. We hypothesized that the androgen deficiency activates not only the ubiquitin-proteasome systems but also the autophagy and affects key aspects of the molecular cross talk between protein synthesis and degradation. Here, 2-month-old male mice were castrated and treated with either testosterone (T) propionate or vehicle for 7 days (short term) or 43 days (long term), and with and without hydroxyflutamide. Castrated mice showed rapid and profound atrophy of the levator ani muscle (high androgen responder) at short term and lesser atrophy of the triceps muscle (low androgen responder) at long term. Levator ani and triceps muscles of castrated mice showed increased level of autophagy markers and lysosome enzymatic activity; only the levator ani showed increased proteasomal enzymatic activity. The levator ani muscle of the castrated mice showed increased level and activation of forkhead box protein O3A, the inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamicyn, and the activation of tuberous sclerosis complex protein 2 and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase. Similar results were obtained in the triceps muscle of castrated mice. T rescued the loss of muscle mass after orchiectomy and inhibited lysosome and proteasome pathways dose dependently and in a seemingly IGF-I-dependent manner. Hydroxyflutamide attenuated the effect of T in the levator ani muscle of castrated mice. In conclusion, androgen deprivation in adult mice induces muscle atrophy associated with proteasomal and lysosomal activity. T optimizes muscle protein balance by modulating the equilibrium between mechanistic target of rapamicyn and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Serra
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
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30
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Ladeuix B, Duchamp C, Levillain O. Underestimated contribution of skeletal muscle in ornithine metabolism during mouse postnatal development. Amino Acids 2013; 46:167-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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31
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Lee MJ, Chen Y, Huang YP, Hsu YC, Chiang LH, Chen TY, Wang GJ. Exogenous polyamines promote osteogenic differentiation by reciprocally regulating osteogenic and adipogenic gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2718-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Bioscience Technology; Chang Jung Christian University; Tainan; Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Pin Huang
- Department of Cosmetics and Fashion Styling; Cheng Shiu University; Kaohsiung; Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences; Chang Jung Christian University; Tainan; Taiwan
| | - Lan-Hsin Chiang
- Department of Bioscience Technology; Chang Jung Christian University; Tainan; Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Department of Bioscience Technology; Chang Jung Christian University; Tainan; Taiwan
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González-Montelongo MC, Marín R, Pérez JA, Gómez T, Díaz M. Polyamines transduce the nongenomic, androgen-induced calcium sensitization in intestinal smooth muscle. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1603-16. [PMID: 24002652 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens regulate body development and differentiation through a variety of genotropic mechanisms, mostly in reproductive organs. In recent years a different scenario for sex hormone actions has emerged: the intestinal muscle. Thus, although estrogens relax intestinal muscle, androgens are powerful inducers of mechanical potentiation. This effect of androgens was intriguing because it is observed at physiological concentrations, is mediated by nongenomic mechanisms, and involves a phenomenon of calcium sensitization of contractile machinery by stimulating phosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain by Rho-associated kinase. Here we have deciphered the molecular mechanisms underlying calcium sensitization and mechanical potentiation by androgens in male intestinal muscle as well as its tight relationship to polyamine metabolism. Thus, androgens stimulate polyamine synthesis, and the inhibition of polyamine synthesis abolishes androgen-induced calcium sensitization and 20 kDa myosin light chain phosphorylation. We demonstrate that the first molecular step in the induction of calcium sensitization is a nonconventional activation of the adaptor protein RhoA, triggered by a transglutaminase-catalyzed polyamination of RhoA, which is then targeted to the membrane to activate Rho-associated kinase. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the physiological levels of androgens, through the modulation of polyamine metabolism and posttanslational modification of RhoA, activate a new signal transduction pathway in the intestinal smooth muscle to induce calcium sensitization. Furthermore, apart from being one of the few physiologically relevant nongenomic effects of androgens, these results might underlie the well-known gender differences in intestinal transits, thus expanding the nature's inventory of sex hormones effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C González-Montelongo
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain.
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Dubois V, Laurent M, Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Claessens F. Androgens and skeletal muscle: cellular and molecular action mechanisms underlying the anabolic actions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1651-67. [PMID: 22101547 PMCID: PMC11115174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgens increase both the size and strength of skeletal muscle via diverse mechanisms. The aim of this review is to discuss the different cellular targets of androgens in skeletal muscle as well as the respective androgen actions in these cells leading to changes in proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and protein metabolism. Androgens bind and activate a specific nuclear receptor which will directly affect the transcription of target genes. These genes encode muscle-specific transcription factors, enzymes, structural proteins, as well as microRNAs. In addition, anabolic action of androgens is partly established through crosstalk with other signaling molecules such as Akt, myostatin, IGF-I, and Notch. Finally, androgens may also exert non-genomic effects in muscle by increasing Ca(2+) uptake and modulating kinase activities. In conclusion, the anabolic effect of androgens on skeletal muscle is not only explained by activation of the myocyte androgen receptor but is also the combined result of many genomic and non-genomic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dubois
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K.U. Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N1, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Urol 2012; 22:254-62. [PMID: 22469752 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0b013e328352c3f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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