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Ouahabi S, Loukili EH, Daoudi NE, Chebaibi M, Ramdani M, Rahhou I, Bnouham M, Fauconnier ML, Hammouti B, Rhazi L, Ayerdi Gotor A, Dépeint F, Ramdani M. Study of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Efficacy of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris Extracts. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:372. [PMID: 37504903 PMCID: PMC10381155 DOI: 10.3390/md21070372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a comparison was made of the chemical makeup of different extracts obtained from Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, a type of red seaweed that was gathered from the Nador lagoon situated in the northern part of Morocco. Additionally, their anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties were investigated. The application of GC-MS technology to analyze the fatty acid content of the samples revealed that linoleic acid and eicosenoic acid were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids across all samples, with palmitic acid and oleic acid following in frequency. The HPLC analysis indicated that ascorbic and kojic acids were the most prevalent phenolic compounds, while apigenin was the most common flavonoid molecule. The aqueous extract exhibited significant levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, registering values of 381.31 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g and 201.80 ± 0.21 mg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, this particular extract demonstrated a remarkable ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, as evidenced by its IC50 value of 0.17 ± 0.67 mg/mL. In addition, the methanolic extract was found to possess antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to prevent β-carotene discoloration, with an IC50 ranging from 0.062 ± 0.02 mg/mL to 0.070 ± 0.06 mg/mL. In vitro study showed that all extracts significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Finally, molecular docking models were applied to assess the interaction between the primary phytochemicals identified in G. bursa-pastoris extracts and the human pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The findings suggest that these extracts contain bioactive substances capable of reducing enzyme activity more effectively than the commercially available drug acarbose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Ouahabi
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chebaibi
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Fez, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ramdani
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Ilyesse Rahhou
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITSO), Oujda 63303, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech. 2, Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- CREHEIO Centre de Recherche de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénierie, Oujda 60000, Morocco
- Université Euro-Méditerranéenne de Fès, Fez BP 51, Morocco
| | - Larbi Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Alicia Ayerdi Gotor
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, AGHYLE, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Flore Dépeint
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Mohammed Ramdani
- Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LCAE), Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco
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Vertiprakhov VG, Grozina AA, Fisinin VI, Surai PF. Adaptation of chicken pancreatic secretory functions to feed composition. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2163042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. G. Vertiprakhov
- Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Grozina
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Russia
| | - V. I. Fisinin
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Russia
| | - P. F. Surai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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Bouhrim M, Ouassou H, Boutahiri S, Daoudi NE, Mechchate H, Gressier B, Eto B, Imtara H, A. Alotaibi A, Al-zharani M, Ziyyat A, Mekhfi H, Legssyer A, Aziz M, Bnouham M. Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw., Seeds Oil Antidiabetic Potential Using In Vivo, In Vitro, In Situ, and Ex Vivo Approaches to Reveal Its Underlying Mechanism of Action. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061677. [PMID: 33802826 PMCID: PMC8002680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Opuntia dillenii Ker Gawl. is one of the medicinal plants used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Morocco. This study aims to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of Opuntia dillenii seed oil (ODSO), its mechanism of action, and any hypoglycemic risk and toxic effects. The antihyperglycemic effect was assessed using the OGTT test in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The mechanisms of action were explored by studying the effect of ODSO on the intestinal absorption of d-glucose using the intestinal in situ single-pass perfusion technique. An Ussing chamber was used to explore the effects of ODSO on intestinal sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). Additionally, ODSO’s effect on carbohydrate degrading enzymes, pancreatic α-amylase, and intestinal α-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using STZ-diabetic rats. The acute toxicity test on mice was performed, along with a single-dose hypoglycemic effect test. The results showed that ODSO significantly attenuated the postprandial hyperglycemia in normal and STZ-diabetic rats. Indeed, ODSO significantly decreased the intestinal d-glucose absorption in situ. The ex vivo test (Ussing chamber) showed that the ODSO significantly blocks the SGLT1 (IC50 = 60.24 µg/mL). Moreover, ODSO indu\ced a significant inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase (IC50 = 278 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and pancreatic α-amylase (IC50 = 0.81 ± 0.09 mg/mL) in vitro. A significant decrease of postprandial hyperglycemia was observed in sucrose/starch-loaded normal and STZ-diabetic ODSO-treated rats. On the other hand, ODSO had no risk of hypoglycemia on the basal glucose levels in normal rats. Therefore, no toxic effect was observed in ODSO-treated mice up to 7 mL/kg. The results of this study suggest that ODSO could be suitable as an antidiabetic functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.O.); (N.E.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Hayat Ouassou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.O.); (N.E.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Salima Boutahiri
- Research Team on the Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, B.P. 11201 Zitoune Meknes, Morocco;
| | - Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.O.); (N.E.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Bernard Gressier
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 83 Lille, France; (B.G.); (B.E.)
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 83 Lille, France; (B.G.); (B.E.)
- Laboratories-TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 83 Lille, France
| | - Hamada Imtara
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Arab American University Palestine, Jenin 240, Palestine;
| | - Amal A. Alotaibi
- Basic Science Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Al-zharani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abderrahim Ziyyat
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.O.); (N.E.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Hassane Mekhfi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.O.); (N.E.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Abdelkhaleq Legssyer
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.O.); (N.E.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Aziz
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.O.); (N.E.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology, and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda B.P. 717, Morocco; (M.B.); (H.O.); (N.E.D.); (A.Z.); (H.M.); (A.L.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (M.B.)
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Aghadavod E, Mollaei H, Nouri M, Hamishehkar H. Evaluation of Relationship between Body Mass Index with Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression and Vitamin D Levels of Follicular Fluid in Overweight Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2017; 11:105-111. [PMID: 28670428 PMCID: PMC5347447 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2017.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder associated with reproductive disorders and metabolic dysfunctions including insulin resistance. The roles of vitamin D in the regulation of metabolic modulations specifically involving insulin and reproduction processing are introduced. In addition, obesity appears to be closely associated with severity of PCOS. The present study is to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on vitamin D levels in follicular fluid and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression levels in granulos cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative study was conducted on 80 women with average age of 20-35 years referred for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Patients were divided into four groups, and serum levels of testosterone and insulin resistance (IR) were evaluated at the puncture time. Also, vitamin D levels of follicular fluid were evaluated. VDR gene expression was assayed by quantified-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Correlations were evaluated with calculation of the Spearman coefficient, and also independent relationships were assessed by means of multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Vitamin D levels of follicular fluid decreased in PCOS patients compared with non-PCOS. Also, over-weight individuals had lower vitamin D levels compared with normal-weight patients. Vitamin D levels of follicular fluid were highly correlated with BMI (r=-0.51, P<0.01). Homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) values were significantly higher in women of PCOS/overweight and PCOS/normal weight in comparison with women of non-PCOS/normal weight (P<0.01). The gene expression data of VDR in granulosa cells were significantly lower in the PCOS/overweight group compared with the non-PCOS/normal weight (P<0.01). CONCLUSION The findings indicated significant differences in VDR gene expression in granulosa cells and vitamin D of follicular fluid in PCOS/overweight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Aghadavod
- Gametogenesis Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Mollaei
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Women Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Graciano MF, Leonelli M, Curi R, R.Carpinelli A. Omega-3 fatty acids control productions of superoxide and nitrogen oxide and insulin content in INS-1E cells. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:699-710. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential changes induced by fish oil (FO) supplementation on the redox status of pancreatic islets from healthy rats. To test whether these effects were due to eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (ω-3), in vitro experiments were performed. METHODS Rats were supplemented with FO, and pancreatic islets were obtained. Islets were also treated in vitro with palmitate (P) or eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (ω-3). Insulin secretion (GSIS), glucose oxidation, protein expression, and superoxide content were analyzed. RESULTS The FO group showed a reduction in superoxide content. Moreover, FO reduced the expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits and increased superoxide dismutase, without altering β-cell function. Palmitate increased β-cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, and impaired GSIS. Under these conditions, ω-3 triggered a parallel reduction in ROS production and β-cell apoptosis induced by P and protected against the impairment in GSIS. There was no difference in mitochondrial ROS production. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that ω-3 protect pancreatic islets from alterations induced by P. In vivo FO supplementation modulates the redox state of pancreatic β-cell. Considering that in vitro effects do not involve mitochondrial superoxide production, we can speculate that this protection might involve NAD(P)H oxidase activity.
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Bhaswant M, Poudyal H, Brown L. Mechanisms of enhanced insulin secretion and sensitivity with n-3 unsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:571-84. [PMID: 25841249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The widespread acceptance that increased dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), improve health is based on extensive studies in animals, isolated cells and humans. Visceral adiposity is part of the metabolic syndrome, together with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and inflammation. Alleviation of metabolic syndrome requires normalization of insulin release and responses. This review assesses our current knowledge of the mechanisms that allow n-3 PUFAs to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity. EPA has been more extensively studied than either ALA or DHA. The complex actions of EPA include increased G-protein-receptor-mediated release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from enteroendocrine L-cells in the intestine, up-regulation of the apelin pathway and down-regulation of other control pathways to promote insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-cells, together with suppression of inflammatory responses to adipokines, inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α actions and prevention of decreased insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion to improve peripheral insulin responses. The receptors involved and the mechanisms of action probably differ for ALA and DHA, with antiobesity effects predominating for ALA and anti-inflammatory effects for DHA. Modifying both GLP-1 release and the actions of adipokines by n-3 PUFAs could lead to additive improvements in both insulin secretion and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharshi Bhaswant
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention & Management, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC 3021, Australia; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Hemant Poudyal
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine and The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD 4350, Australia.
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Pachikian BD, Neyrinck AM, Portois L, De Backer FC, Sohet FM, Hacquebard M, Carpentier YA, Cani PD, Delzenne NM. Involvement of gut microbial fermentation in the metabolic alterations occurring in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-depleted mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:44. [PMID: 21707971 PMCID: PMC3141392 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Backround Western diet is characterized by an insufficient n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption which is known to promote the pathogenesis of several diseases. We have previously observed that mice fed with a diet poor in n-3 PUFA for two generations exhibit hepatic steatosis together with a decrease in body weight. The gut microbiota contributes to the regulation of host energy metabolism, due to symbiotic relationship with fermentable nutrients provided in the diet. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that perturbations of the gut microbiota contribute to the metabolic alterations occurring in mice fed a diet poor in n-3 PUFA for two generations (n-3/- mice). Methods C57Bl/6J mice fed with a control or an n-3 PUFA depleted diet for two generations were supplemented with prebiotic (inulin-type Fructooligosaccharides, FOS, 0.20 g/day/mice) during 24 days. Results n-3/-mice exhibited a marked drop in caecum weight, a decrease in lactobacilli and an increase in bifidobacteria in the caecal content as compared to control mice (n-3/+ mice). Dietary supplementation with FOS for 24 days was sufficient to increase caecal weight and bifidobacteria count in both n-3/+ and n-3/-mice. Moreover, FOS increased lactobacilli content in n-3/-mice, whereas it decreased their level in n-3/+ mice. Interestingly, FOS treatment promoted body weight gain in n-3/-mice by increasing energy efficiency. In addition, FOS treatment decreased fasting glycemia and lowered the higher expression of key factors involved in the fatty acid catabolism observed in the liver of n-3/-mice, without lessening steatosis. Conclusions the changes in the gut microbiota composition induced by FOS are different depending on the type of diet. We show that FOS may promote lactobacilli and counteract the catabolic status induced by n-3 PUFA depletion in mice, thereby contributing to restore efficient fat storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D Pachikian
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Pachikian BD, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD, Portois L, Deldicque L, De Backer FC, Bindels LB, Sohet FM, Malaisse WJ, Francaux M, Carpentier YA, Delzenne NM. Hepatic steatosis in n-3 fatty acid depleted mice: focus on metabolic alterations related to tissue fatty acid composition. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 8:21. [PMID: 19046413 PMCID: PMC2612019 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-8-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background There are only few data relating the metabolic consequences of feeding diets very low in n-3 fatty acids. This experiment carried out in mice aims at studying the impact of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) depletion on hepatic metabolism. Results n-3 PUFA depletion leads to a significant decrease in body weight despite a similar caloric intake or adipose tissue weight. n-3 PUFA depleted mice exhibit hypercholesterolemia (total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol) as well as an increase in hepatic cholesteryl ester and triglycerides content. Fatty acid pattern is profoundly modified in hepatic phospholipids and triglycerides. The decrease in tissue n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio correlates with steatosis. Hepatic mRNA content of key factors involved in lipid metabolism suggest a decreased lipogenesis (SREBP-1c, FAS, PPARγ), and an increased β-oxidation (CPT1, PPARα and PGC1α) without modification of fatty acid esterification (DGAT2, GPAT1), secretion (MTTP) or intracellular transport (L-FABP). Histological analysis reveals alterations of liver morphology, which can not be explained by inflammatory or oxidative stress. However, several proteins involved in the unfolded protein response are decreased in depleted mice. Conclusion n-3 PUFA depletion leads to important metabolic alterations in murine liver. Steatosis occurs through a mechanism independent of the shift between β-oxidation and lipogenesis. Moreover, long term n-3 PUFA depletion decreases the expression of factors involved in the unfolded protein response, suggesting a lower protection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes upon n-3 PUFA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Pachikian
- Unit of Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, Nutrition and Toxicology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Louchami K, Zhang Y, Carpentier YA, Chardigny JM, Malaisse WJ, Herchuelz A, Sener A. Carbamylcholine and ouabain effects on Ca2+ handling and insulin release in islets from rats depleted in long-chain polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids. Endocrine 2007; 32:148-54. [PMID: 18040892 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-9029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of metabolic, ionic and secretory variables were recently found to be affected in pancreatic islets obtained from second generation rats depleted in long-chain polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids (omega 3 rats). The present study further documents three sets of anomalies in such islets. First, after 90 min exposure to D-glucose (8.3 mM), the release of insulin from perifused islets, prelabelled with 45Ca, is lower in omega 3 rats than in control animals, despite comparable 45Ca fractional outflow rate. Second, over 15 min exposure to carbamylcholine (0.1 mM), in the presence of D: -glucose, the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ is increased to a greater relative extent in dispersed islet cells from omega 3 rats, as compared to control animals. This coincides with a greater relative increase in insulin output from perifused islets during the second phase of the secretory response to the cholinergic agent. Last, the increase provoked by ouabain (1.0 mM) in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, 45Ca fractional outflow rate and insulin release are all delayed in the omega 3 rats. Taking into account the decreased activity of Na+, K+-ATPase in the islets of omega 3 rats, these findings are interpreted as reflecting an impaired priming of insulin-producing cells when first exposed for 105 min to a physiological postprandial concentration of D-glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Louchami
- Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Brussels Free University, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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Ullrich S, Zhang Y, Avram D, Ranta F, Kuhl D, Häring HU, Lang F. Dexamethasone increases Na+/K+ ATPase activity in insulin secreting cells through SGK1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 352:662-7. [PMID: 17157265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids blunt insulin release, an effect partially due to activation of Kv channels. Similar to those channels Na+/K+ ATPase activity repolarizes the plasma membrane. The present study explored whether glucocorticoids increase the Na+/K+ ATPase activity in pancreatic beta-cells. The glucocorticoid dexamethasone (100 nmol/l for 1 day) significantly increased Na+/K+ ATPase alpha1/beta1-subunit transcript levels and ouabain-sensitive outward current reflecting Na+/K+ ATPase activity in INS-1 cells, effects blunted by glucocorticoid-receptor-blocker RU487 (1 micromol/l). Dexamethasone (100 nmol/l) increased K+ current in beta-cells from wild type mice but not from knockout mice lacking functional serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1. Thus, glucocorticoids indeed up-regulate Na+/K+ ATPase activity, an effect requiring SGK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ullrich
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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