1
|
Zhang Y, Guo F, Yang X, Liu Y, Bao Y, Wang Z, Hu Z, Zhou Q. Insights into the mechanism of growth and fat deposition by feeding different levels of lipid provided by transcriptome analysis of swamp eel ( Monopterus albus, Zuiew 1793) liver. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118198. [PMID: 37404827 PMCID: PMC10315655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid is an important source of energy in fish feeds, and the appropriate fat content can improve the efficiency of protein utilization. However, excessive lipid content in the feed can lead to abnormal fat deposition in fish, which has a negative effect on the growth of fish. Therefore, the effects of feed lipid levels on swamp eel were studied. Essential functional genes were screened using transcriptomics. We divided 840 fish into seven groups (four replicates). A mixture of fish and soybean oils (1:4), 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% was added to the basic feed were named groups one to seven (L1-L7), respectively. Isonitrogenous diets were fed swamp eel for 10 weeks. Growth performance, visceral index, nutritional components, and biochemical indexes were measured and analyzed. Livers of the 0%, 6%, and 12% groups were subjected to transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results of our study showed that: the suitable lipid level for the growth of swamp eel was 7.03%; the crude fat content of whole fish, liver, intestine, muscle, and skin increased with the increase of lipid level, with some significant difference, and excess fat was deposited in skin tissue; triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid contents increased with the increase of feed lipid level. High-density lipoprotein levels in the L3 and L4 groups were higher than in the other groups. Blood glucose concentrations in the L5, L6, and L7 groups increased; the liver tissue structure was damaged when the lipid level was too high. two-hundred-and-twenty-eight differentially expressed genes were found. Several critical pathways regulating glucose metabolism and energy balance (e.g., glycerolipid metabolism, glycolysis synthesis, degradation of ketone bodies, and Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription signaling pathway) were enriched in swamp eel compared with the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Suitable lipid levels (7.03%) can promote the growth of swamp eel, and excessive lipid levels can cause elevated blood lipids and lead to liver cell damage. Regulatory mechanisms may involve multiple metabolic pathways for glucose and lipid metabolism in eels. This study provides new insights to explain the mechanism of fat deposition due to high levels of lipid and provides a basis for the production of efficient and environmentally friendly feed for swamp eel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Featured Hydrobios Nutritional Physiology and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yihong Bao
- School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Featured Hydrobios Nutritional Physiology and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiubai Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Key Laboratory of Featured Hydrobios Nutritional Physiology and Healthy Breeding, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Puente-Ruiz SC, Jais A. Reciprocal signaling between adipose tissue depots and the central nervous system. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:979251. [PMID: 36200038 PMCID: PMC9529070 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.979251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, various dietary and social factors led to the development of increased brain sizes alongside large adipose tissue stores. Complex reciprocal signaling mechanisms allow for a fine-tuned interaction between the two organs to regulate energy homeostasis of the organism. As an endocrine organ, adipose tissue secretes various hormones, cytokines, and metabolites that signal energy availability to the central nervous system (CNS). Vice versa, the CNS is a critical regulator of adipose tissue function through neural networks that integrate information from the periphery and regulate sympathetic nerve outflow. This review discusses the various reciprocal signaling mechanisms in the CNS and adipose tissue to maintain organismal energy homeostasis. We are focusing on the integration of afferent signals from the periphery in neuronal populations of the mediobasal hypothalamus as well as the efferent signals from the CNS to adipose tissue and its implications for adipose tissue function. Furthermore, we are discussing central mechanisms that fine-tune the immune system in adipose tissue depots and contribute to organ homeostasis. Elucidating this complex signaling network that integrates peripheral signals to generate physiological outputs to maintain the optimal energy balance of the organism is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Börgeson E, Boucher J, Hagberg CE. Of mice and men: Pinpointing species differences in adipose tissue biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003118. [PMID: 36187476 PMCID: PMC9521710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases continues to rise, which has led to an increased interest in studying adipose tissue to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. The use of genetic mouse models has been critical for understanding the role of specific genes for adipose tissue function and the tissue’s impact on other organs. However, mouse adipose tissue displays key differences to human fat, which has led, in some cases, to the emergence of some confounding concepts in the adipose field. Such differences include the depot-specific characteristics of visceral and subcutaneous fat, and divergences in thermogenic fat phenotype between the species. Adipose tissue characteristics may therefore not always be directly compared between species, which is important to consider when setting up new studies or interpreting results. This mini review outlines our current knowledge about the cell biological differences between human and mouse adipocytes and fat depots, highlighting some examples where inadequate knowledge of species-specific differences can lead to confounding results, and presenting plausible anatomic explanations that may underlie the differences. The article thus provides critical insights and guidance for researchers working primarily with only human or mouse fat tissue, and may contribute to new ideas or concepts in the important and evolving field of adipose biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Vaestra Goetaland, Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Metabolic Disease, Evotec International GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolina E. Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Carolina E. Hagberg,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cattaneo S, Verlengia G, Marino P, Simonato M, Bettegazzi B. NPY and Gene Therapy for Epilepsy: How, When,... and Y. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 13:608001. [PMID: 33551745 PMCID: PMC7862707 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.608001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuropeptide abundantly expressed in the mammalian central and peripheral nervous system. NPY is a pleiotropic molecule, which influences cell proliferation, cardiovascular and metabolic function, pain and neuronal excitability. In the central nervous system, NPY acts as a neuromodulator, affecting pathways that range from cellular (excitability, neurogenesis) to circuit level (food intake, stress response, pain perception). NPY has a broad repertoire of receptor subtypes, each activating specific signaling pathways in different tissues and cellular sub-regions. In the context of epilepsy, NPY is thought to act as an endogenous anticonvulsant that performs its action through Y2 and Y5 receptors. In fact, its overexpression in the brain with the aid of viral vectors can suppress seizures in animal models of epilepsy. Therefore, NPY-based gene therapy may represent a novel approach for the treatment of epilepsy patients, particularly for pharmaco-resistant and genetic forms of the disease. Nonetheless, considering all the aforementioned aspects of NPY signaling, the study of possible NPY applications as a therapeutic molecule is not devoid of critical aspects. The present review will summarize data related to NPY biology, focusing on its anti-epileptic effects, with a critical appraisal of key elements that could be exploited to improve the already existing NPY-based gene therapy approaches for epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cattaneo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pietro Marino
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Bettegazzi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elmansi AM, Awad ME, Eisa NH, Kondrikov D, Hussein KA, Aguilar-Pérez A, Herberg S, Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Fulzele S, Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Isales CM, Volkman BF, Hill WD. What doesn't kill you makes you stranger: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26) proteolysis differentially modulates the activity of many peptide hormones and cytokines generating novel cryptic bioactive ligands. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:90-108. [PMID: 30759373 PMCID: PMC7883480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an exopeptidase found either on cell surfaces where it is highly regulated in terms of its expression and surface availability (CD26) or in a free/circulating soluble constitutively available and intrinsically active form. It is responsible for proteolytic cleavage of many peptide substrates. In this review we discuss the idea that DPP4-cleaved peptides are not necessarily inactivated, but rather can possess either a modified receptor selectivity, modified bioactivity, new antagonistic activity, or even a novel activity relative to the intact parent ligand. We examine in detail five different major DPP4 substrates: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1 aka CXCL12). We note that discussion of the cleaved forms of these five peptides are underrepresented in the research literature, and are both poorly investigated and poorly understood, representing a serious research literature gap. We believe they are understudied and misinterpreted as inactive due to several factors. This includes lack of accurate and specific quantification methods, sample collection techniques that are inherently inaccurate and inappropriate, and a general perception that DPP4 cleavage inactivates its ligand substrates. Increasing evidence points towards many DPP4-cleaved ligands having their own bioactivity. For example, GLP-1 can work through a different receptor than GLP-1R, DPP4-cleaved GIP can function as a GIP receptor antagonist at high doses, and DPP4-cleaved PYY, NPY, and CXCL12 can have different receptor selectivity, or can bind novel, previously unrecognized receptors to their intact ligands, resulting in altered signaling and functionality. We believe that more rigorous research in this area could lead to a better understanding of DPP4's role and the biological importance of the generation of novel cryptic ligands. This will also significantly impact our understanding of the clinical effects and side effects of DPP4-inhibitors as a class of anti-diabetic drugs that potentially have an expanding clinical relevance. This will be specifically relevant in targeting DPP4 substrate ligands involved in a variety of other major clinical acute and chronic injury/disease areas including inflammation, immunology, cardiology, stroke, musculoskeletal disease and injury, as well as cancer biology and tissue maintenance in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elmansi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Mohamed E Awad
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Nada H Eisa
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Khaled A Hussein
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, 00956, Puerto Rico; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Cell and Dev. Bio., SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | | | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fothergill LJ, Furness JB. Diversity of enteroendocrine cells investigated at cellular and subcellular levels: the need for a new classification scheme. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:693-702. [PMID: 30357510 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells were historically classified by a letter code, each linked to a single hormone, deduced to be the only hormone produced by the cell. One type, the L cell, was recognised to store and secrete two products, peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-related peptides. Many other exceptions to the one-cell one-hormone classifications have been reported over the last 40 years or so, and yet the one-hormone dogma has persisted. In the last 6 years, a plethora of data has appeared that makes the concept unviable. Here, we describe the evidence that multiple hormone transcripts and their products reside in single cells and evidence that the hormones are often, but not always, processed into separate storage vesicles. It has become clear that most enteroendocrine cells contain multiple hormones. For example, most secretin cells contain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and in mouse many of these also contain cholecystokinin (CCK). Furthermore, CCK cells also commonly store ghrelin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), neurotensin, and PYY. Several hormones, for example, secretin and 5-HT, are in separate storage vesicles at a subcellular level. Hormone patterns can differ considerably between species. Another complication is that relative levels of expression vary substantially. This means that data are significantly influenced by the sensitivities of detection techniques. For example, a hormone that can be detected in storage vesicles by super-resolution microscopy may not be above threshold for detection by conventional fluorescence microscopy. New nomenclature for cell clusters with common attributes will need to be devised and old classifications abandoned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Fothergill
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hill BR, De Souza MJ, Wagstaff DA, Williams NI. The impact of weight loss on the 24-h profile of circulating peptide YY and its association with 24-h ghrelin in normal weight premenopausal women. Peptides 2013; 49:81-90. [PMID: 24012997 PMCID: PMC4218746 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin exhibit a reciprocal association and antagonistic physiological effects in the peripheral circulation. Research has yet to clarify the effect of weight loss on the 24h profile of PYY or its association to 24h ghrelin. We sought to determine if diet- and exercise-induced weight loss affects the 24h profile of PYY and its association with 24h ghrelin in normal weight, premenopausal women. Participants (n = 13) were assessed at baseline (BL) and after a 3-month diet and exercise intervention (post). Blood samples obtained q10 min for 24h were assayed for total PYY and total ghrelin q60 min from 0800 to 1000 h and 2000 to 0800 h and q20 min from 1000 to 2000 h. The ghrelin/PYY ratio was used as an index of hormonal exposure. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and linear mixed effects modeling. Body weight (-1.85 ± 0.67 kg; p = 0.02), and body fat (-2.53 ± 0.83%; p = 0.01) decreased from BL to post. Ghrelin AUC (5252 ± 2177 pg/ml/24h; p=0.03), 24h mean (216 ± 90 pg/ml; p = 0.03) and peak (300 ± 134 pg/ml; p = 0.047) increased from BL to post. No change occurred in PYY AUC (88.2 ± 163.7 pg/ml; p = 0.60), 24h mean (4.8 ± 6.9 pg/ml; p = 0.50) or peak (3.6 ± 6.4 pg/ml; p = 0.58). The 24h association between PYY and ghrelin at baseline (p = 0.04) was weakened at post (p = 0.14); however, the ghrelin/PYY lunch ratio increased (p = 0.01) indicating the potential for ghrelin predominance over PYY in the circulation. PYY and ghrelin are reciprocally associated during a period of weight stability, but not following weight loss. An "uncoupling" may have occurred, particularly at lunch, due to factors that modulate ghrelin in response to weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenna R. Hill
- Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory and the Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Mary Jane De Souza
- Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory and the Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - David A. Wagstaff
- Health and Human Development Consulting Group, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Nancy I. Williams
- Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory and the Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pedragosa-Badia X, Stichel J, Beck-Sickinger AG. Neuropeptide Y receptors: how to get subtype selectivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:5. [PMID: 23382728 PMCID: PMC3563083 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide Y (NPY) system is a multireceptor/multiligand system consisting of four receptors in humans (hY(1), hY(2), hY(4), hY(5)) and three agonists (NPY, PYY, PP) that activate these receptors with different potency. The relevance of this system in diseases like obesity or cancer, and the different role that each receptor plays influencing different biological processes makes this system suitable for the design of subtype selectivity studies. In this review we focus on the latest findings within the NPY system, we summarize recent mutagenesis studies, structure activity relationship studies, receptor chimera, and selective ligands focusing also on the binding mode of the native agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität LeipzigLeipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Boey D, Sainsbury A, Herzog H. The role of peptide YY in regulating glucose homeostasis. Peptides 2007; 28:390-5. [PMID: 17210210 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The gut-derived hormone peptide YY (PYY) is most commonly known for its effect on satiety, decreasing food intake and body weight in animals and humans. However, PYY is also involved in a wide range of digestive functions including regulating insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Over the last few years, there have been several interesting clinical and animal studies investigating the role of PYY in glucose homeostasis. This review aims to present an updated summary of findings over the last few decades highlighting the role of PYY in regulating insulin output and insulin sensitivity, and the potential mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Boey
- Neuroscience Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barbe P, Millet L, Galitzky J, Lafontan M, Berlan M. In situ assessment of the role of the beta 1-, beta 2- and beta 3-adrenoceptors in the control of lipolysis and nutritive blood flow in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 117:907-13. [PMID: 8851509 PMCID: PMC1909425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The involvement of beta 1-, beta 2- and beta 3-adrenoceptors in the control of lipolysis and nutritive blood flow was investigated in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of healthy young adults by use of an in situ microdialysis technique. 2. Dialysis probes were infused either with isoprenaline (non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist), CGP 12,177 (selective beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist having beta 1-/beta 2-antagonist properties), dobutamine (selective beta 1-adrenoceptor agonist) or terbutaline (selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist). The recovery of each probe used for perfusion was calculated by an in vivo calibration method. The local blood flow was estimated through the measurement of the escape of ethanol infused simultaneously with the drugs included in the probe. 3. Isoprenaline infusion at 0.01 microM had a weak effect while higher concentrations of isoprenaline (0.1 and 1 microM) caused a rapid, sustained and concentration-dependent increase of glycerol outflow; the maximum increase was 306 +/- 34% with 1 microM. Isoprenaline also increased the nutritive blood flow in adipose tissue; a significant effect appeared at 0.1 microM isoprenaline and was greater at 1 microM. 4. CGP 12,177 (10 and 100 microM) increased the glycerol concentration in the dialysate (128 +/- 8 and 149 +/- 12%, respectively) and nutritive blood flow. Terbutaline and dobutamine (100 microM) both provoked rapid and similar increases in glycerol outflow (252 +/- 18 and 249 +/- 18%, respectively). Both, terbutaline and dobutamine increased nutritive blood flow. 5. It is concluded that beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor subtypes are both mainly involved in the mobilization of lipids and in the control of nutritive blood flow. beta 3-Adrenoceptors play a weaker role in the control of lipolysis and nutritive blood flow in human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Barbe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 317, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|