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Wang Y, Yan S, Xiao B, Zuo S, Zhang Q, Chen G, Yu Y, Chen D, Liu Q, Liu Y, Shen Y, Yu Y. Prostaglandin F 2α Facilitates Hepatic Glucose Production Through CaMKIIγ/p38/FOXO1 Signaling Pathway in Fasting and Obesity. Diabetes 2018; 67:1748-1760. [PMID: 29773555 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is drastically increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and accounts for increased fasting plasma glucose concentrations. Circulating levels of prostaglandin (PG) F2α are also markedly elevated in diabetes; however, whether and how PGF2α regulates hepatic glucose metabolism remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PGF2α receptor (F-prostanoid receptor [FP]) was upregulated in the livers of mice upon fasting- and diabetic stress. Hepatic deletion of the FP receptor suppressed fasting-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas FP overexpression enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. FP activation promoted the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase) in hepatocytes in a FOXO1-dependent manner. Additionally, FP coupled with Gq in hepatocytes to elicit Ca2+ release, which activated Ca2+/calmodulin-activated protein kinase IIγ (CaMKIIγ) to increase FOXO1 phosphorylation and subsequently accelerate its nuclear translocation. Blockage of p38 disrupted CaMKIIγ-induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation and abrogated FP-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. Moreover, knockdown of hepatic FP receptor improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice. FP-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis via the CaMKIIγ/p38/FOXO1 signaling pathway, indicating that the FP receptor might be a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/chemistry
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dinoprost/metabolism
- Fasting/metabolism
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/agonists
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gluconeogenesis/drug effects
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Transgenic
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Bile is a unique and vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by the hepatocyte and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. Approximately 5% of bile consists of organic and inorganic solutes of considerable complexity. The bile-secretory unit consists of a canalicular network which is formed by the apical membrane of adjacent hepatocytes and sealed by tight junctions. The bile canaliculi (∼1 μm in diameter) conduct the flow of bile countercurrent to the direction of portal blood flow and connect with the canal of Hering and bile ducts which progressively increase in diameter and complexity prior to the entry of bile into the gallbladder, common bile duct, and intestine. Canalicular bile secretion is determined by both bile salt-dependent and independent transport systems which are localized at the apical membrane of the hepatocyte and largely consist of a series of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transport proteins that function as export pumps for bile salts and other organic solutes. These transporters create osmotic gradients within the bile canalicular lumen that provide the driving force for movement of fluid into the lumen via aquaporins. Species vary with respect to the relative amounts of bile salt-dependent and independent canalicular flow and cholangiocyte secretion which is highly regulated by hormones, second messengers, and signal transduction pathways. Most determinants of bile secretion are now characterized at the molecular level in animal models and in man. Genetic mutations serve to illuminate many of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Boyer
- Department of Medicine and Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Xia M, Zhu Y. Signaling pathways of ATP-induced PGE2 release in spinal cord astrocytes are EGFR transactivation-dependent. Glia 2011; 59:664-74. [PMID: 21294165 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury is characterized by an immediate, irreversible loss of tissue at the lesion site, as well as a secondary expansion of tissue damage over time. Although secondary injury should, in principle, be preventable, no effective treatment options currently exist for patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Excessive release of ATP by the traumatized tissue, triggers the rapid release of arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and has beenimplicated in acute and chronic neuropathic pain and inflammation. But the intracellular pathways between ATP and PGE2 remain largely unknown. We have explored the signaling events involved in this synthesis by primarily culturing spinal cord astrocytes: (1) we determined significant PGE2 production increased by ATP is mainly via Subtype 1 of P2 purinoceptors (P2Y1) but not P2Y2; (2) we found that ATP strongly increased the level of intracellular Ca(2+) via P2Y1 receptor; (3) we indicated that ATP stimulates the definitely release of AA and PGE2 which involved the transactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, the phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK(1/2) ) and the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2) ); (4) we examined ATP could increase the phosphorylation of Akt via P2Y1 receptor which also depend on the transactivation of EGFR, but the activation of Akt has no effect on the downstream of cPLA(2) phosphorylation. ATP induced by SCI could mobilize the release of AA and PGE2. And inhibition of PGE2 release reduces behavioral signs of pain after SCI and peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Advantages and limitations of commonly used methods to assay the molecular permeability of gap junctional intercellular communication. Biotechniques 2008; 45:33-52, 56-62. [PMID: 18611167 DOI: 10.2144/000112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in regulation of normal growth and differentiation is becoming increasingly recognized as a major cellular function. GJIC consists of intercellular exchange of low molecular weight molecules, and is the only means for direct contact between cytoplasms of adjacent animal cells. Disturbances of GJIC have been associated with many pathological conditions, such as carcinogenesis or hereditary illness. Reliable and accurate methods for the determination of GJIC are therefore important in cell biology studies. There are several methods used successfully in numerous laboratories to measure GJIC both in vitro and in vivo. This review comments on techniques currently used to study cell-to-cell communication, either by measuring dye transfer, as in methods like microinjection, scrape loading, gap-fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (gap-FRAP), the preloading assay, and local activation of a molecular fluorescent probe (LAMP), or by measuring electrical conductance and metabolic cooperation. As we will discuss in this review, these techniques are not equivalent but instead provide complementary information. We will focus on their main advantages and limitations. Although biological applications guide the choice of techniques we describe, we also review points that must be taken into consideration before using a methodology, such as the number of cells to analyze.
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Basu S. Novel cyclooxygenase-catalyzed bioactive prostaglandin F2alpha from physiology to new principles in inflammation. Med Res Rev 2007; 27:435-68. [PMID: 17191216 DOI: 10.1002/med.20098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), a foremost stable vasoactive cyclooxygenase (COX)-catalyzed prostaglandin, regulates a number of key physiological functions such as luteolysis, ovarian function, luteal maintenance of pregnancy, and parturition as a constitutive part of ongoing reproductive processes of the body. It has recently been implicated in the regulation of intricate pathophysiological processes, such as acute and chronic inflammation, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Since the discovery of a second isoform of COXs, it has been shown that PGF2alpha can be formed in vivo from arachidonic acid through both isoforms of COXs, namely cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Being synthesized in various parts of the body, it metabolizes instantly to a number of rather inactive metabolites mainly in the lungs, liver, kidney, and efficiently excretes into the urine. 15-Keto-dihydro-PGF2alpha, a major stable metabolite of PGF2alpha that reflects in vivo PGF2alpha biosynthesis, is found in larger quantities than its parent compound in the circulation and urine in basal physiological conditions, with short-lived pulses during luteolysis, induced termination of pregnancy and parturition, and is increased in tissues and various body fluids during acute, sub-chronic, and severe chronic inflammation. Further, the close relationship of PGF2alpha with a number of risk factors for atherosclerosis indicates its major role in inflammation pathology. This review addresses multiple aspects of PGF2alpha in addition to its emerging role in physiology to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala Science Park, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dupont G, Combettes L, Leybaert L. Calcium Dynamics: Spatio‐Temporal Organization from the Subcellular to the Organ Level. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2007; 261:193-245. [PMID: 17560283 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)61005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Many essential physiological processes are controlled by calcium. To ensure reliability and specificity, calcium signals are highly organized in time and space in the form of oscillations and waves. Interesting findings have been obtained at various scales, ranging from the stochastic opening of a single calcium channel to the intercellular calcium wave spreading through an entire organ. A detailed understanding of calcium dynamics thus requires a link between observations at different scales. It appears that some regulations such as calcium-induced calcium release or PLC activation by calcium, as well as the weak diffusibility of calcium ions play a role at all levels of organization in most cell types. To comprehend how calcium waves spread from one cell to another, specific gap-junctional coupling and paracrine signaling must also be taken into account. On the basis of a pluridisciplinar approach ranging from physics to physiology, a unified description of calcium dynamics is emerging, which could help understanding how such a small ion can mediate so many vital functions in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Dupont
- Theoretical Chronobiology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté des Sciences, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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