1
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Ng R, Gokhan I, Stankey P, Akar FG, Campbell SG. Chronic diastolic stretch unmasks conduction defects in an in vitro model of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1373-H1385. [PMID: 37830983 PMCID: PMC10977872 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00709.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
We seek to elucidate the precise nature of mechanical loading that precipitates conduction deficits in a concealed-phase model of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). ACM is a progressive disorder often resulting from mutations in desmosomal proteins. Exercise has been shown to worsen disease progression and unmask arrhythmia vulnerability, yet the underlying pathomechanisms may depend on the type and intensity of exercise. Because exercise causes myriad changes to multiple inter-dependent hemodynamic parameters, it is difficult to isolate its effects to specific changes in mechanical load. Here, we use engineered heart tissues (EHTs) with iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes expressing R451G desmoplakin, an ACM-linked mutation, which results in a functionally null model of desmoplakin (DSP). We also use a novel bioreactor to independently perturb tissue strain at different time points during the cardiac cycle. We culture EHTs under three strain regimes: normal physiological shortening; increased diastolic stretch, simulating high preload; and isometric culture, simulating high afterload. DSPR451G EHTs that have been cultured isometrically undergo adaptation, with no change in action potential parameters, conduction velocity, or contractile function, a phenotype confirmed by global proteomic analysis. However, when DSPR451G EHTs are subjected to increased diastolic stretch, they exhibit concomitant reductions in conduction velocity and the expression of connexin-43. These effects are rescued by inhibition of both lysosome activity and ERK signaling. Our results indicate that the response of DSPR451G EHTs to mechanical stimuli depends on the strain and the timing of the applied stimulus, with increased diastolic stretch unmasking conduction deficits in a concealed-phase model of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ng
- Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | | | | | - Fadi G Akar
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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2
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Tani H, Kobayashi E, Yagi S, Tanaka K, Kameda-Haga K, Shibata S, Moritoki N, Takatsuna K, Moriwaki T, Sekine O, Umei TC, Morita Y, Soma Y, Kishino Y, Kanazawa H, Fujita J, Hattori S, Fukuda K, Tohyama S. Heart-derived collagen promotes maturation of engineered heart tissue. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122174. [PMID: 37285642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays essential roles in heart tissue engineering, the optimal ECM components for heart tissue organization have not previously been elucidated. Here, we focused on the main ECM component, fibrillar collagen, and analyzed the effects of collagens on heart tissue engineering, by comparing the use of porcine heart-derived collagen and other organ-derived collagens in generating engineered heart tissue (EHT). We demonstrate that heart-derived collagen induces better contraction and relaxation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived EHT (hiPSC-EHT) and that hiPSC-EHT with heart-derived collagen exhibit more mature profiles than those with collagens from other organs. Further, we found that collagen fibril formation and gel stiffness influence the contraction, relaxation, and maturation of hiPSC-EHT, suggesting the importance of collagen types III and type V, which are relatively abundant in the heart. Thus, we demonstrate the effectiveness of organ-specific collagens in tissue engineering and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Japan; Joint Research Laboratory for Medical Innovation in Heart Disease, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Japan; Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shinomi Yagi
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuko Moritoki
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuika Morita
- Department of Cardiology, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jun Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Japan; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Leiby KL, Yuan Y, Ng R, Raredon MSB, Adams TS, Baevova P, Greaney AM, Hirschi KK, Campbell SG, Kaminski N, Herzog EL, Niklason LE. Rational engineering of lung alveolar epithelium. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:22. [PMID: 37117221 PMCID: PMC10147714 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered whole lungs may one day expand therapeutic options for patients with end-stage lung disease. However, the feasibility of ex vivo lung regeneration remains limited by the inability to recapitulate mature, functional alveolar epithelium. Here, we modulate multimodal components of the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell (AEC2) niche in decellularized lung scaffolds in order to guide AEC2 behavior for epithelial regeneration. First, endothelial cells coordinate with fibroblasts, in the presence of soluble growth and maturation factors, to promote alveolar scaffold population with surfactant-secreting AEC2s. Subsequent withdrawal of Wnt and FGF agonism synergizes with tidal-magnitude mechanical strain to induce the differentiation of AEC2s to squamous type 1 AECs (AEC1s) in cultured alveoli, in situ. These results outline a rational strategy to engineer an epithelium of AEC2s and AEC1s contained within epithelial-mesenchymal-endothelial alveolar-like units, and highlight the critical interplay amongst cellular, biochemical, and mechanical niche cues within the reconstituting alveolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Leiby
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yifan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pavlina Baevova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Allison M Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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4
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Rupert C, López JE, Cortez-Toledo E, De la Cruz Cabrera O, Chesler NC, Simpson PC, Campbell SG, Baker AJ. Increased length-dependent activation of human engineered heart tissue after chronic α 1A-adrenergic agonist treatment: testing a novel heart failure therapy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H293-H304. [PMID: 36637971 PMCID: PMC9886349 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00279.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stimulation of cardiac α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs) improves symptoms in multiple preclinical models of heart failure. However, the translational significance remains unclear. Human engineered heart tissues (EHTs) provide a means of quantifying the effects of chronic α1A-AR stimulation on human cardiomyocyte physiology. EHTs were created from thin slices of decellularized pig myocardium seeded with human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. With a paired experimental design, EHTs were cultured for 3 wk, mechanically tested, cultured again for 2 wk with α1A-AR agonist A61603 (10 nM) or vehicle control, and retested after drug washout for 24 h. Separate control experiments determined the effects of EHT age (3-5 wk) or repeat mechanical testing. We found that chronic A61603 treatment caused a 25% increase of length-dependent activation (LDA) of contraction compared with vehicle treatment (n = 7/group, P = 0.035). EHT force was not increased after chronic A61603 treatment. However, after vehicle treatment, EHT force was increased by 35% relative to baseline testing (n = 7/group, P = 0.022), suggesting EHT maturation. Control experiments suggested that increased EHT force resulted from repeat mechanical testing, not from EHT aging. RNA-seq analysis confirmed that the α1A-AR is expressed in human EHTs and found chronic A61603 treatment affected gene expression in biological pathways known to be activated by α1A-ARs, including the MAP kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, increased LDA in human EHT after chronic A61603 treatment raises the possibility that chronic stimulation of the α1A-AR might be beneficial for increasing LDA in human myocardium and might be beneficial for treating human heart failure by restoring LDA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronic stimulation of α1A-adrenergic receptors (α1A-ARs) is known to mediate therapeutic effects in animal heart failure models. To investigate the effects of chronic α1A-AR stimulation in human cardiomyocytes, we tested engineered heart tissue (EHT) created with iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. RNA-seq analysis confirmed human EHT expressed α1A-ARs. Chronic (2 wk) α1A-AR stimulation with A61603 (10 nM) increased length-dependent activation (LDA) of contraction. Chronic α1A-AR stimulation might be beneficial for treating human heart failure by restoring LDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rupert
- Propria LLC, Branford, Connecticut, United States
| | - J. E. López
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - E. Cortez-Toledo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | | | - N. C. Chesler
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation Research Center, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - P. C. Simpson
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - S. G. Campbell
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A. J. Baker
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States
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Purnama U, Castro-Guarda M, Sahoo OS, Carr CA. Modelling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Using Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Complement Animal Models. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090832. [PMID: 36144236 PMCID: PMC9503602 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. There is a pressing need for an in vitro model to aid understanding of the mechanisms driving diabetic heart disease, and to provide an accurate, reliable tool for drug testing. Human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have potential as a disease modelling tool. There are several factors that drive molecular changes inside cardiomyocytes contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy, including hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity and hyperinsulinemia. Here we discuss these factors and how they can be seen in animal models and utilised in cell culture to mimic the diabetic heart. The use of human iPSC-CMs will allow for a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and open up new avenues for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713216, India
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1865-282247
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6
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Tani H, Tohyama S. Human Engineered Heart Tissue Models for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:855763. [PMID: 35433691 PMCID: PMC9008275 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.855763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and efficient differentiation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) induced from diseased donors have the potential to recapitulate the molecular and functional features of the human heart. Although the immaturity of hiPSC-CMs, including the structure, gene expression, conduct, ion channel density, and Ca2+ kinetics, is a major challenge, various attempts to promote maturation have been effective. Three-dimensional cardiac models using hiPSC-CMs have achieved these functional and morphological maturations, and disease models using patient-specific hiPSC-CMs have furthered our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and effective therapies for diseases. Aside from the mechanisms of diseases and drug responses, hiPSC-CMs also have the potential to evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs in a human context before a candidate drug enters the market and many phases of clinical trials. In fact, novel drug testing paradigms have suggested that these cells can be used to better predict the proarrhythmic risk of candidate drugs. In this review, we overview the current strategies of human engineered heart tissue models with a focus on major cardiac diseases and discuss perspectives and future directions for the real application of hiPSC-CMs and human engineered heart tissue for disease modeling, drug development, clinical trials, and cardiotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shugo Tohyama,
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7
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Pitoulis FG, Nunez-Toldra R, Xiao K, Kit-Anan W, Mitzka S, Jabbour RJ, Harding SE, Perbellini F, Thum T, de Tombe PP, Terracciano CM. Remodelling of adult cardiac tissue subjected to physiological and pathological mechanical load in vitro. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:814-827. [PMID: 33723566 PMCID: PMC8859636 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac remodelling is the process by which the heart adapts to its environment. Mechanical load is a major driver of remodelling. Cardiac tissue culture has been frequently employed for in vitro studies of load-induced remodelling; however, current in vitro protocols (e.g. cyclic stretch, isometric load, and auxotonic load) are oversimplified and do not accurately capture the dynamic sequence of mechanical conformational changes experienced by the heart in vivo. This limits translational scope and relevance of findings. METHODS AND RESULTS We developed a novel methodology to study chronic load in vitro. We first developed a bioreactor that can recreate the electromechanical events of in vivo pressure-volume loops as in vitro force-length loops. We then used the bioreactor to culture rat living myocardial slices (LMS) for 3 days. The bioreactor operated based on a 3-Element Windkessel circulatory model enabling tissue mechanical loading based on physiologically relevant parameters of afterload and preload. LMS were continuously stretched/relaxed during culture simulating conditions of physiological load (normal preload and afterload), pressure-overload (normal preload and high afterload), or volume-overload (high preload & normal afterload). At the end of culture, functional, structural, and molecular assays were performed to determine load-induced remodelling. Both pressure- and volume-overloaded LMS showed significantly decreased contractility that was more pronounced in the latter compared with physiological load (P < 0.0001). Overloaded groups also showed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; RNAseq identified shared and unique genes expressed in each overload group. The PI3K-Akt pathway was dysregulated in volume-overload while inflammatory pathways were mostly associated with remodelling in pressure-overloaded LMS. CONCLUSION We have developed a proof-of-concept platform and methodology to recreate remodelling under pathophysiological load in vitro. We show that LMS cultured in our bioreactor remodel as a function of the type of mechanical load applied to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios G Pitoulis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Raquel Nunez-Toldra
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Ke Xiao
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, J3 Building, Level 1, Room 3030, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Worrapong Kit-Anan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Saskia Mitzka
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, J3 Building, Level 1, Room 3030, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard J Jabbour
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, J3 Building, Level 1, Room 3030, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, OE 8886, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, J3 Building, Level 1, Room 3030, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Rm E202 (MC901), Chicago, IL 60612-7342, USA
| | - Cesare M Terracciano
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, 72 Du Cane Road, Hammersmith Hospital, ICTEM Building, W12 0NN London, UK
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8
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Dwyer KD, Coulombe KL. Cardiac mechanostructure: Using mechanics and anisotropy as inspiration for developing epicardial therapies in treating myocardial infarction. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2198-2220. [PMID: 33553810 PMCID: PMC7822956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical environment and anisotropic structure of the heart modulate cardiac function at the cellular, tissue and organ levels. During myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent healing, however, this landscape changes significantly. In order to engineer cardiac biomaterials with the appropriate properties to enhance function after MI, the changes in the myocardium induced by MI must be clearly identified. In this review, we focus on the mechanical and structural properties of the healthy and infarcted myocardium in order to gain insight about the environment in which biomaterial-based cardiac therapies are expected to perform and the functional deficiencies caused by MI that the therapy must address. From this understanding, we discuss epicardial therapies for MI inspired by the mechanics and anisotropy of the heart focusing on passive devices, which feature a biomaterials approach, and active devices, which feature robotic and cellular components. Through this review, a detailed analysis is provided in order to inspire further development and translation of epicardial therapies for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera D. Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kareen L.K. Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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9
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Shen S, Sewanan LR, Campbell SG. Evidence for synergy between sarcomeres and fibroblasts in an in vitro model of myocardial reverse remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:11-25. [PMID: 33992697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have created a novel in-vitro platform to study reverse remodeling of engineered heart tissue (EHT) after mechanical unloading. EHTs were created by seeding decellularized porcine myocardial sections with a mixture of primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Each end of the ribbon-like constructs was fixed to a plastic clip, allowing the tissues to be statically stretched or slackened. Inelastic deformation was introduced by stretching tissues by 20% of their original length. EHTs were subsequently unloaded by returning tissues to their original, shorter length. Mechanical characterization of EHTs immediately after unloading and at subsequent time points confirmed the presence of a reverse-remodeling process, through which stress-free tissue length was increased after chronic stretch but gradually decreased back to its original value within 9 days. When a cardiac myosin inhibitor was applied to tissues after unloading, EHTs failed to completely recover their passive and active mechanical properties, suggesting a role for actomyosin contraction in reverse remodeling. Selectively inhibiting cardiomyocyte contraction or fibroblast activity after mechanical unloading showed that contractile activity of both cell types was required to achieve full remodeling. Similar tests with EHTs formed from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes also showed reverse remodeling that was enhanced when treated with omecamtiv mecarbil, a myosin activator. These experiments suggest essential roles for active sarcomeric contraction and fibroblast activity in reverse remodeling of myocardium after mechanical unloading. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale for designing potential therapies to encourage reverse remodeling in patient hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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10
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Garbern JC, Lee RT. Mitochondria and metabolic transitions in cardiomyocytes: lessons from development for stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:177. [PMID: 33712058 PMCID: PMC7953594 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods to differentiate cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) inadequately recapitulate complete development and result in PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) with an immature or fetal-like phenotype. Embryonic and fetal development are highly dynamic periods during which the developing embryo or fetus is exposed to changing nutrient, oxygen, and hormone levels until birth. It is becoming increasingly apparent that these metabolic changes initiate developmental processes to mature cardiomyocytes. Mitochondria are central to these changes, responding to these metabolic changes and transitioning from small, fragmented mitochondria to large organelles capable of producing enough ATP to support the contractile function of the heart. These changes in mitochondria may not simply be a response to cardiomyocyte maturation; the metabolic signals that occur throughout development may actually be central to the maturation process in cardiomyocytes. Here, we review methods to enhance maturation of PSC-CMs and highlight evidence from development indicating the key roles that mitochondria play during cardiomyocyte maturation. We evaluate metabolic transitions that occur during development and how these affect molecular nutrient sensors, discuss how regulation of nutrient sensing pathways affect mitochondrial dynamics and function, and explore how changes in mitochondrial function can affect metabolite production, the cell cycle, and epigenetics to influence maturation of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Garbern
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Richard T Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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11
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Ng R, Sewanan LR, Stankey P, Li X, Qyang Y, Campbell S. Shortening Velocity Causes Myosin Isoform Shift in Human Engineered Heart Tissues. Circ Res 2020; 128:281-283. [PMID: 33183160 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.N., L.R.S., P.S., X.L., S.C.), Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.N., L.R.S., P.S., X.L., S.C.), Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Paul Stankey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.N., L.R.S., P.S., X.L., S.C.), Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.N., L.R.S., P.S., X.L., S.C.), Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Yale Stem Cell Center (Y.Q.), Yale University, New Haven, CT.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Y.Q.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Department of Pathology (Y.Q.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (Y.Q.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Stuart Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.N., L.R.S., P.S., X.L., S.C.), Yale University, New Haven, CT
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Adams JC, Bell PD, Bodine SC, Brooks HL, Bunnett N, Joe B, Keehan KH, Kleyman TR, Marette A, Morty RE, Ramírez JM, Thomsen MB, Yates BJ, Zucker IH. An American Physiological Society cross-journal Call for Papers on "Deconstructing Organs: Single-Cell Analyses, Decellularized Organs, Organoids, and Organ-on-a-Chip Models". Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L266-L272. [PMID: 32609556 PMCID: PMC7473938 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00311.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - P Darwin Bell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nigel Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.,Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan-Marino Ramírez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.,Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Morten B Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bill J Yates
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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