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Tóth K, Oroszi T, van der Zee EA, Nyakas C, Schoemaker RG. Sex dimorphism in isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage associated neuroinflammation and behavior in old rats. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:854811. [PMID: 35936761 PMCID: PMC9354817 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.854811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute cardiac damage can be induced by isoproterenol injections in animals. The associated inflammatory response could be reflected in the brain as neuroinflammation, with potential consequences for brain function and behavior. Although cardiac responses are reported age and sex-related, for neuroinflammation and brain function this is virtually unknown. Therefore, cardiac damage and its consequences for neuroinflammation, brain function and behavior were compared in aged male and female rats. Wistar rats of 24 months of age were treated with isoproterenol (ISO, twice s.c.) or saline. Four weeks after injections, exploratory behavior and short-term memory were tested. Then, rats were sacrificed. Hearts were collected to measure cardiac damage. Brain tissue was collected to obtain measures of neuroinflammation and brain function. In male-, but not in female rats, ISO induced significant cardiac damage. Accordingly, mortality was higher in males than in females. Baseline hippocampal microglia activity was lower in females, while ISO induced neuroinflammation in both sexes, Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression appeared lower in females, without effects of ISO. In the open field test, ISO-treated males, but not females, displayed anxiety-like behavior. No effects of ISO were observed on short-term memory in either sex. In conclusion, sex dimorphism in effects of ISO was observed for cardiac damage and open field behavior. However, these effects could not be related to differences in hippocampal neuroinflammation or neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Tóth
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Oroszi
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eddy A. van der Zee
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
- Behavioral Physiology Research Laboratory, Health Science Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regien G. Schoemaker
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Mobility, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Regien G. Schoemaker,
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2
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Haq KT, Cooper BL, Berk F, Roberts A, Swift LM, Posnack NG. Demographic and Methodological Heterogeneity in Electrocardiogram Signals From Guinea Pigs. Front Physiol 2022; 13:925042. [PMID: 35721548 PMCID: PMC9202081 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.925042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocardiograms (ECG) are universally used to measure the electrical activity of the heart; however, variations in recording techniques and/or subject demographics can affect ECG interpretation. In this study, we investigated variables that are likely to influence ECG metric measurements in cardiovascular research, including recording technique, use of anesthesia, and animal model characteristics. Awake limb lead ECG recordings were collected in vivo from adult guinea pigs using a platform ECG system, while recordings in anesthetized animals were performed using both a platform and needle ECG system. We report significant heterogeneities in ECG metric values that are attributed to methodological differences (e.g., ECG lead configuration, ECG recording platform, presence or absence of anesthesia) that persist even within the same cohort of animals. Further, we report that variability in animal demographics is preserved in vivo ECG recordings—with animal age serving as a significant contributor, while sex-specific influences were less pronounced. Methodological approaches and subject demographics should be fully considered when interpreting ECG values in animal models, comparing datasets between studies, or developing artificial intelligence algorithms that utilize an ECG database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi T. Haq
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Washington D.C., DC, United States
| | - Blake L. Cooper
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Washington D.C., DC, United States
| | - Fiona Berk
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington D.C., DC, United States
| | - Anysja Roberts
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Washington D.C., DC, United States
| | - Luther M. Swift
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Washington D.C., DC, United States
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington D.C., DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Nikki Gillum Posnack,
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3
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Tóth K, Oroszi T, van der Zee EA, Nyakas C, Schoemaker RG. Effects of exercise training on behavior and brain function after high dose isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23576. [PMID: 34880374 PMCID: PMC8654950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute sympathetic stress can result in cardiac fibrosis, but may also lead to mental dysfunction. Exercise training after isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute sympathetic stress was investigated regarding cardiac damage, neuroinflammation, brain function and behavior. Male Wistar rats (12 months) received ISO or saline. One week later, treadmill running or control handling (sedentary) started. After 4 weeks, cognitive- and exploratory behavior were evaluated, and heart and brain tissues were analyzed regarding cardiac damage, hippocampal neuroinflammation and neuronal function. ISO did not affect cognitive performance nor hippocampal function. However, ISO reduced anxiety, coinciding with locally reduced microglia (processes) size in the hippocampus. Exercise in ISO rats reversed anxiety, did not affect microglia morphology, but increased brain function. Thus, exercise after ISO did not affect cardiac damage, cognition or hippocampal neuroinflammation, but normalized anxiety. Increased localized BDNF expression may indicate improved brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kata Tóth
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Oroszi
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Behavioral Physiology Research Laboratory, Health Science Faculty, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Woulfe KC, Jeffrey DA, Pires Da Silva J, Wilson CE, Mahaffey JH, Lau E, Slavov D, Hailu F, Karimpour-Fard A, Dockstader K, Bristow MR, Stauffer BL, Miyamoto SD, Sucharov CC. Serum response factor deletion 5 regulates phospholamban phosphorylation and calcium uptake. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 159:28-37. [PMID: 34139234 PMCID: PMC8546760 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy (pDCM) is characterized by unique age-dependent molecular mechanisms that include myocellular responses to therapy. We previously showed that pDCM, but not adult DCM patients respond to phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors (PDE3i) by increasing levels of the second messenger cAMP and consequent phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLN). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the differential pediatric and adult response to PDE3i are not clear. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantification of serum response factor (SRF) isoforms from the left ventricle of explanted hearts showed that PDE3i treatment affects expression of SRF isoforms in pDCM hearts. An SRF isoform lacking exon 5 (SRFdel5) was highly expressed in the hearts of pediatric, but not adult DCM patients treated with PDE3i. To determine the functional consequence of expression of SRFdel5, we overexpressed full length SRF or SRFdel5 in cultured cardiomyocytes with and without adrenergic stimulation. Compared to a control adenovirus, expression of SRFdel5 increased phosphorylation of PLN, negatively affected expression of the phosphatase that promotes dephosphorylation of PLN (PP2Cε), and promoted faster calcium reuptake, whereas expression of full length SRF attenuated calcium reuptake through blunted phosphorylation of PLN. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data indicate that expression of SRFdel5 in pDCM hearts in response to PDE3i contributes to improved function through regulating PLN phosphorylation and thereby calcium reuptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen C Woulfe
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Danielle A Jeffrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julie Pires Da Silva
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Cortney E Wilson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer H Mahaffey
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward Lau
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dobromir Slavov
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Frehiwet Hailu
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Karen Dockstader
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Choi S, Baudot M, Vivas O, Moreno CM. Slowing down as we age: aging of the cardiac pacemaker's neural control. GeroScience 2021; 44:1-17. [PMID: 34292477 PMCID: PMC8811107 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac pacemaker ignites and coordinates the contraction of the whole heart, uninterruptedly, throughout our entire life. Pacemaker rate is constantly tuned by the autonomous nervous system to maintain body homeostasis. Sympathetic and parasympathetic terminals act over the pacemaker cells as the accelerator and the brake pedals, increasing or reducing the firing rate of pacemaker cells to match physiological demands. Despite the remarkable reliability of this tissue, the pacemaker is not exempt from the detrimental effects of aging. Mammals experience a natural and continuous decrease in the pacemaker rate throughout the entire lifespan. Why the pacemaker rhythm slows with age is poorly understood. Neural control of the pacemaker is remodeled from birth to adulthood, with strong evidence of age-related dysfunction that leads to a downshift of the pacemaker. Such evidence includes remodeling of pacemaker tissue architecture, alterations in the innervation, changes in the sympathetic acceleration and the parasympathetic deceleration, and alterations in the responsiveness of pacemaker cells to adrenergic and cholinergic modulation. In this review, we revisit the main evidence on the neural control of the pacemaker at the tissue and cellular level and the effects of aging on shaping this neural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Choi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matthias Baudot
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Oscar Vivas
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Claudia M Moreno
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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6
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Nguyen‐Truong M, Liu W, Boon J, Nelson B, Easley J, Monnet E, Wang Z. Establishment of adult right ventricle failure in ovine using a graded, animal-specific pulmonary artery constriction model. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:182-192. [PMID: 32613177 PMCID: PMC7323700 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricle failure (RVF) is associated with serious cardiac and pulmonary diseases that contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of patients. Currently, the mechanisms of RVF are not fully understood and it is partly due to the lack of large animal models in adult RVF. In this study, we aim to establish a model of RVF in adult ovine and examine the structure and function relations in the RV. METHODS RV pressure overload was induced in adult male sheep by revised pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). Briefly, an adjustable hydraulic occluder was placed around the main pulmonary artery trunk. Then, repeated saline injection was performed at weeks 0, 1, and 4, where the amount of saline was determined in an animal-specific manner. Healthy, age-matched male sheep were used as additional controls. Echocardiography was performed bi-weekly and on week 11 post-PAC, hemodynamic and biological measurements were obtained. RESULTS This PAC methodology resulted in a marked increase in RV systolic pressure and decreases in stroke volume and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, indicating signs of RVF. Significant increases in RV chamber size, wall thickness, and Fulton's index were observed. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen accumulation (particularly type III collagen) were evident, and these structural changes were correlated with RV dysfunction. CONCLUSION In summary, the animal-specific, repeated PAC provided a robust approach to induce adult RVF, and this ovine model will offer a useful tool to study the progression and treatment of adult RVF that is translatable to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - June Boon
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Brad Nelson
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Jeremiah Easley
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Eric Monnet
- Veterinary Teaching HospitalColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Clinical SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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7
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Swift LM, Burke M, Guerrelli D, Reilly M, Ramadan M, McCullough D, Prudencio T, Mulvany C, Chaluvadi A, Jaimes R, Posnack NG. Age-dependent changes in electrophysiology and calcium handling: implications for pediatric cardiac research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H354-H365. [PMID: 31886723 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00521.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Rodent models are frequently employed in cardiovascular research, yet our understanding of pediatric cardiac physiology has largely been deduced from more simplified two-dimensional cell studies. Previous studies have shown that postnatal development includes an alteration in the expression of genes and proteins involved in cell coupling, ion channels, and intracellular calcium handling. Accordingly, we hypothesized that postnatal cell maturation is likely to lead to dynamic alterations in whole heart electrophysiology and calcium handling. To test this hypothesis, we employed multiparametric imaging and electrophysiological techniques to quantify developmental changes from neonate to adult. In vivo electrocardiograms were collected to assess changes in heart rate, variability, and atrioventricular conduction (Sprague-Dawley rats). Intact, whole hearts were transferred to a Langendorff-perfusion system for multiparametric imaging (voltage, calcium). Optical mapping was performed in conjunction with an electrophysiology study to assess cardiac dynamics throughout development. Postnatal age was associated with an increase in the heart rate (181 ± 34 vs. 429 ± 13 beats/min), faster atrioventricular conduction (94 ± 13 vs. 46 ± 3 ms), shortened action potentials (APD80: 113 ± 18 vs. 60 ± 17 ms), and decreased ventricular refractoriness (VERP: 157 ± 45 vs. 57 ± 14 ms; neonatal vs. adults, means ± SD, P < 0.05). Calcium handling matured with development, resulting in shortened calcium transient durations (168 ± 18 vs. 117 ± 14 ms) and decreased propensity for calcium transient alternans (160 ± 18- vs. 99 ± 11-ms cycle length threshold; neonatal vs. adults, mean ± SD, P < 0.05). Results of this study can serve as a comprehensive baseline for future studies focused on pediatric disease modeling and/or preclinical testing.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to assess cardiac electrophysiology and calcium handling throughout postnatal development, using both in vivo and whole heart models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther M Swift
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Morgan Burke
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Devon Guerrelli
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Marissa Reilly
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Manelle Ramadan
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Damon McCullough
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Tomas Prudencio
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Colm Mulvany
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ashika Chaluvadi
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rafael Jaimes
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia.,Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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