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García-Llorca A, Carta F, Supuran CT, Eysteinsson T. Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibitors and vascular function. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1338528. [PMID: 38348465 PMCID: PMC10859760 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1338528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been known for some time that Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) plays a complex role in vascular function, and in the regulation of vascular tone. Clinically employed CA inhibitors (CAIs) are used primarily to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and also to affect retinal blood flow and oxygen saturation. CAIs have been shown to dilate vessels and increase blood flow in both the cerebral and ocular vasculature. Similar effects of CAIs on vascular function have been observed in the liver, brain and kidney, while vessels in abdominal muscle and the stomach are unaffected. Most of the studies on the vascular effects of CAIs have been focused on the cerebral and ocular vasculatures, and in particular the retinal vasculature, where vasodilation of its vessels, after intravenous infusion of sulfonamide-based CAIs can be easily observed and measured from the fundus of the eye. The mechanism by which CAIs exert their effects on the vasculature is still unclear, but the classic sulfonamide-based inhibitors have been found to directly dilate isolated vessel segments when applied to the extracellular fluid. Modification of the structure of CAI compounds affects their efficacy and potency as vasodilators. CAIs of the coumarin type, which generally are less effective in inhibiting the catalytically dominant isoform hCA II and unable to accept NO, have comparable vasodilatory effects as the primary sulfonamides on pre-contracted retinal arteriolar vessel segments, providing insights into which CA isoforms are involved. Alterations of the lipophilicity of CAI compounds affect their potency as vasodilators, and CAIs that are membrane impermeant do not act as vasodilators of isolated vessel segments. Experiments with CAIs, that shed light on the role of CA in the regulation of vascular tone of vessels, will be discussed in this review. The role of CA in vascular function will be discussed, with specific emphasis on findings with the effects of CA inhibitors (CAI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Llorca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Thor Eysteinsson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Majerczak J, Drzymala‐Celichowska H, Grandys M, Kij A, Kus K, Celichowski J, Krysciak K, Molik WA, Szkutnik Z, Zoladz JA. Exercise Training Decreases Nitrite Concentration in the Heart and Locomotory Muscles of Rats Without Changing the Muscle Nitrate Content. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031085. [PMID: 38214271 PMCID: PMC10926815 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscles are postulated to be a potent regulator of systemic nitric oxide homeostasis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of physical training on the heart and skeletal muscle nitric oxide bioavailability (judged on the basis of intramuscular nitrite and nitrate) in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were trained on a treadmill for 8 weeks, performing mainly endurance running sessions with some sprinting runs. Muscle nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography-based method, while amino acids, pyruvate, lactate, and reduced and oxidized glutathione were determined using a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry technique. The content of muscle nitrite reductases (electron transport chain proteins, myoglobin, and xanthine oxidase) was assessed by western immunoblotting. We found that 8 weeks of endurance training decreased basal NO2- in the locomotory muscles and in the heart, without changes in the basal NO3-. In the slow-twitch oxidative soleus muscle, the decrease in NO2- was already present after the first week of training, and the content of nitrite reductases remained unchanged throughout the entire period of training, except for the electron transport chain protein content, which increased no sooner than after 8 weeks of training. CONCLUSIONS Muscle NO2- level, opposed to NO3-, decreases in the time course of training. This effect is rapid and already visible in the slow-oxidative soleus after the first week of training. The underlying mechanisms of training-induced muscle NO2- decrease may involve an increase in the oxidative stress, as well as metabolite changes related to an increased muscle anaerobic glycolytic activity contributing to (1) direct chemical reduction of NO2- or (2) activation of muscle nitrite reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Majerczak
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health SciencesJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Hanna Drzymala‐Celichowska
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Health SciencesPoznan University of Physical EducationPoznanPoland
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Health SciencesPoznan University of Physical EducationPoznanPoland
| | - Marcin Grandys
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health SciencesJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Kamil Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)Jagiellonian UniversityKrakowPoland
| | - Jan Celichowski
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Health SciencesPoznan University of Physical EducationPoznanPoland
| | - Katarzyna Krysciak
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Health SciencesPoznan University of Physical EducationPoznanPoland
| | - Weronika A. Molik
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health SciencesJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
- University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health SciencesJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakowPoland
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Kolliyedath G, Chattopadhyay T, Mondal A, Panangattu A, Muralikrishnan G, Kundu S. Modeling Reactivity of Nitrite and Nitrous Acid at a Phenolate Bridged Dizinc(II) Site: Insights into NO Signaling at Zinc. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301409. [PMID: 37492966 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Although nitrite-to-NO transformation at various transition metals including Fe and Cu are relatively well explored, examples of such a reaction at the redox-inactive zinc(II) site are limited. The present report aims to gain insights into the reactivity of nitrite anions, nitrous acid (HONO), and organonitrite (RONO) at a dizinc(II) site. A phenolate-bridged dizinc(II)-aqua complex [LH ZnII (OH2 )]2 (ClO4 )2 (1H -Aq, where LH =tridentate N,N,O-donor monoanionic ligand) is illustrated to react with t BuONO to provide a metastable arene-nitrosonium charge-transfer complex 2H . UV-vis, FTIR, multinuclear NMR, and elemental analyses suggests the presence of a 2 : 1 arene-nitrosonium moiety. Furthermore, the reactivity of a structurally characterized zinc(II)-nitrite complex [LH ZnII (ONO)]2 (1H -ONO) with a proton-source demonstrates HONO reactivity at the dizinc(II) site. Reactivity of both RONO (R=alkyl/H) at the phenolate-bridged dizinc(II) site provides NO+ charge-transfer complex 2H . Subsequently, the reactions of 2H with exogenous reductants (such as ferrocene, thiol, phenol, and catechol) have been illustrated to generate NO. In addition, NO yielding reactivity of [LH ZnII (ONO)]2 (1H -ONO) in the presence of the above-mentioned reductants have been compared with the reactions of complex 2H . Thus, this report sheds light on the transformations of NO2 - /RONO (R=alkyl/H) to NO/NO+ at the redox-inactive zinc(II) coordination motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Kolliyedath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Taraknath Chattopadhyay
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Aditesh Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Aiswarya Panangattu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Girish Muralikrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Subrata Kundu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
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Sahana T, Valappil AK, Amma ASPR, Kundu S. NO Generation from Nitrite at Zinc(II): Role of Thiol Persulfidation in the Presence of Sulfane Sulfur. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:246-253. [PMID: 37810413 PMCID: PMC10557059 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite-to-NO transformation is of prime importance due to its relevance in mammalian physiology. Although such a one-electron reductive transformation at various redox-active metal sites (e.g., Cu and Fe) has been illustrated previously, the reaction at the [ZnII] site in the presence of a sacrificial reductant like thiol has been reported to be sluggish and poorly understood. Reactivity of [(Bn3Tren)ZnII-ONO](ClO4) (1), a nitrite-bound model of the tripodal active site of carbonic anhydrase (CA), toward various organic probes, such as 4-tert-butylbenzylthiol (tBuBnSH), 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP), and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (F-DNB), reveals that the ONO-moiety in the [ZnII]-nitrite coordination motif of complex 1 acts as a mild electrophile. tBuBnSH reacts mildly with nitrite at a [ZnII] site to provide S-nitrosothiol tBuBnSNO prior to the release of NO in 10% yield, whereas the phenolic substrate 2,4-DTBP does not yield the analogous O-nitrite compound (ArONO). The presence of sulfane sulfur (S0) species such as elemental sulfur (S8) and organic polysulfides (tBuBnSnBntBu) during the reaction of tBuBnSH and [ZnII]-nitrite (1) assists the nitrite-to-NO conversion to provide NO yields of 65% (for S8) and 76% (for tBuBnSnBntBu). High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) analyses on the reaction of [ZnII]-nitrite (1), tBuBnSH, and S8 depict the formation of zinc(II)-persulfide species [(Bn3Tren)ZnII-Sn-BntBu]+ (where n = 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6). Trapping of the persulfide species (tBuBnSS-) with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (F-DNB) confirms its intermediacy. The significantly higher nucleophilicity of persulfide species (relative to thiol/thiolate) is proposed to facilitate the reaction with the mildly electrophilic [ZnII]-nitrite (1) complex. Complementary analyses, including multinuclear NMR, electrospray ionization-MS, UV-vis, and trapping of reactive S-species, provide mechanistic insights into the sulfane sulfur-assisted reactions between thiol and nitrite at the tripodal [ZnII]-site. These findings suggest the critical influential roles of various reactive sulfur species, such as sulfane sulfur and persulfides, in the nitrite-to-NO conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Sahana
- School of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
(IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Adwaith K. Valappil
- School of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
(IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Anaswar S. P. R. Amma
- School of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
(IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Subrata Kundu
- School of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
(IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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Dou C, Han X, Xie H, Liao H, Xiao X, Huang Z, Luo G, Zhang X, Yao W. Protective role of nitric oxide donors on endothelium in ischemia-reperfusion injury: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:189. [PMID: 37259069 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) under hypoxic conditions can lead to endothelial dysfunction. NO supplementation may protect endothelial function in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Therefore, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to verify the protective effect of NO donors on endothelium in IR injury. METHODS Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to April 1, 2023. The specific inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) RCTs; (2) trials comparing NO donors with placebo control groups; and (3) trials reporting the effects of these interventions on vascular endothelial functional outcomes in IR injury. Random-effects models were used to assess pooled effect sizes, which were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD). RESULTS Seven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and consisted of a total of 149 participants. NO donors were protective of endothelial function in IR injury (SMD: - 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: - 2.33, - 0.88, P < 0.0001; heterogeneity [I2 = 66%, P = 0.001]). Results of the subgroup analysis showed the following: absence of protective effect of NO donor use following ischemia on endothelial function in IR injury - 1.78 (95% CI: - 2.50, - 1.07) and loss of protective effect on endothelial function after prolonged NO donor use - 0.89 (95% CI: - 2.06, 0.28). CONCLUSION The short-period use of NO donors before the onset of ischemia can protect endothelial function in IR injury.
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Grants
- 81974081,81601724,2021A1515012318, 2019A1515011852,202201010765, 202102010190, National Natural Science Foundation of China ,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 81974081,81601724,2021A1515012318, 2019A1515011852,202201010765, 202102010190, National Natural Science Foundation of China ,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 81974081,81601724,2021A1515012318, 2019A1515011852,202201010765, 202102010190, National Natural Science Foundation of China ,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 81974081,81601724,2021A1515012318, 2019A1515011852,202201010765, 202102010190, National Natural Science Foundation of China ,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 81974081,81601724,2021A1515012318, 2019A1515011852,202201010765, 202102010190, National Natural Science Foundation of China ,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 81974081,81601724,2021A1515012318, 2019A1515011852,202201010765, 202102010190, National Natural Science Foundation of China ,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 81974081,81601724,2021A1515012318, 2019A1515011852,202201010765, 202102010190, National Natural Science Foundation of China ,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
- 81974081,81601724,2021A1515012318, 2019A1515011852,202201010765, 202102010190, National Natural Science Foundation of China ,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxun Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hanbin Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Haofeng Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Gangjian Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The third Affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Zhuge Z, McCann Haworth S, Nihlén C, Carvalho LRR, Heuser SK, Kleschyov AL, Nasiell J, Cortese-Krott MM, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Carlström M. Red blood cells from endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice induce vascular dysfunction involving oxidative stress and endothelial arginase I. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102612. [PMID: 36681048 PMCID: PMC9868875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nitric oxide bioactivity (NO) from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) importantly contributes to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, and reduced eNOS activity has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests interaction(s) between red blood cells (RBCs) and the endothelium in vascular control; however, the specific role of RBC eNOS is less clear. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that a lack of RBC eNOS induces endothelial dysfunction. METHODS & RESULTS RBCs from global eNOS knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice were co-incubated ex vivo overnight with healthy mouse aortic rings, followed by functional and mechanistic analyses of endothelium-dependent and independent relaxations. RBCs from eNOS KO mice induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress, whereas WT RBC did not. No differences were observed for endothelium-independent relaxations. This eNOS KO RBC-induced endothelial dysfunctional phenotype was prevented by concomitant co-incubation with reactive oxygen species scavenger (TEMPOL), arginase inhibitor (nor-NOHA), NO donor (detaNONOate) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) inhibitor. Moreover, vessels from endothelial cell-specific arginase 1 KO mice were resistant to eNOS KO-RBC-induced endothelial dysfunction. Finally, in mice aortae co-incubated with RBCs from women with preeclampsia, we observed a significant reduction in endothelial function compared to when using RBCs from healthy pregnant women or from women with uncomplicated gestational hypertension. CONCLUSIONS RBCs from mice lacking eNOS, and patients with preeclampsia, induce endothelial dysfunction in adjacent blood vessels. Thus, RBC-derived NO bioactivity acts to prevent induction of vascular oxidative stress occurring via RBC NOX4-derived ROS in a vascular arginase-dependent manner. Our data highlight the intrinsic protective role of RBC-derived NO bioactivity in preventing the damaging potential of RBCs. This provides novel insight into the functional relationship between RBCs and the vasculature in health and cardiovascular disease, including preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah McCann Haworth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Nihlén
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sophia K. Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrei L. Kleschyov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Josefine Nasiell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Geçkil AA, Kıran TR, Berber NK, Otlu Ö, Erdem M, İn E. Carbonic Anhydrase IX as a Marker of Disease Severity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58111643. [PMID: 36422182 PMCID: PMC9695925 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes are a family of metalloenzymes that contain a zinc ion in their active sites. CA enzymes have been implied in important situations such as CO2 transport, pH regulation, and oncogenesis. CA-IX is a transmembrane glycoprotein and stimulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) CA-IX. This study aimed to determine serum CA-IX levels in OSA patients in whom intermittent hypoxia is important and to investigate the relationship between serum CA-IX levels and disease severity. Materials and Methods: The study included 88 people who applied to Malatya Turgut Özal University Training and Research Hospital Sleep Disorders Center without a history of respiratory disease, malignancy, and smoking. Patients were divided into three groups: control (AHI < 5, n = 31), mild−moderate OSA (AHI = 5−30, n = 27) and severe OSA (AHI > 30, n = 30). The analysis of the data included in the research was carried out with the SPSS (IBM Statistics 25, NY, USA). The Shapiro−Wilk Test was used to check whether the data included in the study had a normal distribution. Comparisons were made with ANOVA in multivariate groups and the t-test in bivariate groups. ANCOVA was applied to determine the effect of the CA-IX parameter for OSA by controlling the effect of independent variables. The differentiation in CA-IX and OSA groups was analyzed regardless of BMI, age, gender, and laboratory variables. ROC analysis was applied to determine the parameter cut-off point. Sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off were calculated, and the area under the curve (AUC) value was calculated. Results: Serum CA-IX levels were 126.3 ± 24.5 pg/mL in the control group, 184.6 ± 59.1 pg/mL in the mild−moderate OSA group, and 332.0 ± 39.7 pg/mL in the severe OSA group. Serum CA-IX levels were found to be higher in the severe OSA group compared to the mild−moderate OSA group and control group and higher in the mild−moderate OSA group compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, a negative correlation between CA-IX and minimum SaO2 and mean SaO2 (r = −0.371, p = 0.004; r = −0.319, p = 0.017, respectively). A positive correlation between CA-IX and desaturation index (CT90) was found (r = 0.369, p = 0.005). A positive correlation was found between CA-IX and CRP (r = 0.340, p = 0.010). When evaluated by ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) value was determined as 0.940 (95% CI 0.322−0.557; p < 0.001). When the cut-off value for CA-IX was taken as 254.5 pg/mL, it was found to have 96.7% sensitivity and 94.8% specificity in demonstrating severe OSA. Conclusions: Our study found that serum CA-IX value was higher in OSA patients than in control patients, and this elevation was associated with hypoxemia and inflammation. CA-IX value can be a fast, precise, and useful biomarker to predict OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Altıntop Geçkil
- Department of Chest Diseases, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-042-2502-8001
| | - Tuğba Raika Kıran
- Department of Biochemistry, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Kırıcı Berber
- Department of Chest Diseases, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Önder Otlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem
- Department of Biochemistry, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Erdal İn
- Department of Chest Diseases, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
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8
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Dalfen I, Pol A, Borisov SM. Optical Oxygen Sensors Show Reversible Cross-Talk and/or Degradation in the Presence of Nitrogen Dioxide. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3057-3066. [PMID: 36109879 PMCID: PMC9623579 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A variety of luminescent dyes including the most common indicators for optical oxygen sensors were investigated in regard to their stability and photophysical properties in the presence of nitrogen dioxide. The dyes were immobilized in polystyrene and subjected to NO2 concentrations from 40 to 5500 ppm. The majority of dyes show fast degradation of optical properties due to the reaction with NO2. The class of phosphorescent metalloporphyrins shows the highest resistance against nitrogen dioxide. Among them, palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes of octasubstituted sulfonylated benzoporphyrins are identified as the most stable dyes with almost no decomposition in the presence of NO2. The phosphorescence of these dyes is reversibly quenched by nitrogen dioxide. Immobilized in various polymeric matrices, the sulfonylated Pt(II) benzoporphyrin demonstrates about one order of magnitude more efficient quenching by NO2 than by molecular oxygen. Our study demonstrates that virtually all commercially available and reported optical oxygen sensors are likely to show either irreversible decomposition in the presence of nitrogen dioxide or reversible luminescence quenching. They should be used with extreme caution if NO2 is present in relatively high concentrations or it may be generated from other species such as nitric oxide. As an important consequence of nearly anoxic systems, production of nitrogen dioxide or nitric oxide may be therefore erroneously interpreted as an increase in oxygen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dalfen
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Arjan Pol
- Research
Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of
Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institute
of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria,
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9
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Correlation between Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes and the Evolution of Myocardial Infarction in Diabetic Patients. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081189. [PMID: 36009816 PMCID: PMC9404923 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Heart disease in diabetics presents distinctive characteristics both anatomically and physiopathologically compared to non-diabetics. In people with diabetes, high blood pressure has a high incidence (approximately one-third of diabetic patients have high blood pressure) and is a risk factor for diabetic macro- and microvascular complications. The correlation of these parameters could represent early markers of the prognosis and evolution of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction and their routine determination could be included in the biological algorithm of acute myocardial infarction, but understanding of this aspect must be deepened in the future. The results showed that diabetic patients develop acute myocardial infarction more frequently, regardless of age. The level of the enzymes of myocardial necrosis was higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics, and acute coronary syndrome occurs mainly in diabetics with inadequate metabolic balance. Our research may provide useful information for the medical community. Abstract (1) Background: Myocardial infarction was, until recently, recognized as a major coronary event, often fatal, with major implications for survivors. According to some authors, diabetes mellitus is an important atherogenic risk factor with cardiac determinations underlying the definition of the so-called “diabetic heart”. The present study aims to establish a correlation between the evolution of myocardial infarction in diabetic patients, by determining whether lactic acid levels, the activity of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes, and the magnitude of ST-segment elevation are correlated with the subsequent evolution of myocardial infarction. (2) Methods: The study analyzed 2 groups of 30 patients each: group 1 consisted of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction, and group 2 consisted of non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients were examined clinically and paraclinical, their heart markers, lactic acid, and the activity of carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes were determined. All patients underwent electrocardiogram and echocardiography analyses. (3) Results: The results showed that diabetics develop acute myocardial infarction more frequently, regardless of how much time has passed since the diagnosis. The value of myocardial necrosis enzymes was higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics, and acute coronary syndrome occurs mainly in diabetics with poor metabolic balance. Lethality rates in non-diabetic patients with lactic acid values above normal are lower than in diabetics. (4) Conclusions: Lactic acid correlated with the activity of isozyme I of carbonic dioxide which could be early markers of the prognosis and evolution of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction.
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10
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Christou H, Khalil RA. Mechanisms of pulmonary vascular dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension and implications for novel therapies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H702-H724. [PMID: 35213243 PMCID: PMC8977136 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00021.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disease characterized by various degrees of pulmonary vasoconstriction and progressive fibroproliferative remodeling and inflammation of the pulmonary arterioles that lead to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and failure. Pulmonary vascular tone is regulated by a balance between vasoconstrictor and vasodilator mediators, and a shift in this balance to vasoconstriction is an important component of PH pathology, Therefore, the mainstay of current pharmacological therapies centers on pulmonary vasodilation methodologies that either enhance vasodilator mechanisms such as the NO-cGMP and prostacyclin-cAMP pathways and/or inhibit vasoconstrictor mechanisms such as the endothelin-1, cytosolic Ca2+, and Rho-kinase pathways. However, in addition to the increased vascular tone, many patients have a "fixed" component in their disease that involves altered biology of various cells in the pulmonary vascular wall, excessive pulmonary artery remodeling, and perivascular fibrosis and inflammation. Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic and proliferative phenotype is an important factor in pulmonary artery remodeling. Although current vasodilator therapies also have some antiproliferative effects on PASMCs, they are not universally successful in halting PH progression and increasing survival. Mild acidification and other novel approaches that aim to reverse the resident pulmonary vascular pathology and structural remodeling and restore a contractile PASMC phenotype could ameliorate vascular remodeling and enhance the responsiveness of PH to vasodilator therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Lehnert N, Kim E, Dong HT, Harland JB, Hunt AP, Manickas EC, Oakley KM, Pham J, Reed GC, Alfaro VS. The Biologically Relevant Coordination Chemistry of Iron and Nitric Oxide: Electronic Structure and Reactivity. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14682-14905. [PMID: 34902255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that is involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological events in biology. Metal coordination chemistry, especially with iron, is at the heart of many biological transformations involving NO. A series of heme proteins, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and nitrophorins, are responsible for the biosynthesis, sensing, and transport of NO. Alternatively, NO can be generated from nitrite by heme- and copper-containing nitrite reductases (NIRs). The NO-bearing small molecules such as nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) can serve as an alternative vehicle for NO storage and transport. Once NO is formed, the rich reaction chemistry of NO leads to a wide variety of biological activities including reduction of NO by heme or non-heme iron-containing NO reductases and protein post-translational modifications by DNICs. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of metal sites in biology with NO and the mechanisms of these transformations has come from the elucidation of the geometric and electronic structures and chemical reactivity of synthetic model systems, in synergy with biochemical and biophysical studies on the relevant proteins themselves. This review focuses on recent advancements from studies on proteins and model complexes that not only have improved our understanding of the biological roles of NO but also have provided foundations for biomedical research and for bio-inspired catalyst design in energy science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eunsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Hai T Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Jill B Harland
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Andrew P Hunt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Manickas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Kady M Oakley
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - John Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Garrett C Reed
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Victor Sosa Alfaro
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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12
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Sparacino-Watkins CE, Lancaster JR. Direct measurement of nitric oxide (NO) production rates from enzymes using ozone-based gas-phase chemiluminescence (CL). Nitric Oxide 2021; 117:60-71. [PMID: 34653611 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) chemiluminescence detectors (CLDs) are specialized and sensitive spectroscopic instruments capable of directly measuring NO flux rates. NO CLDs have been instrumental in the characterization of mammalian nitrite-dependent NO synthases. However, no detailed description of NO flux analysis using NO CLD is available. Herein, a detailed review of the NO CL methodology is provided with guidelines for measuring NO-production rates from aqueous samples, such as isolated enzymes or protein homogenates. Detailed description of the types of signals one can encounter, data processing, and potential pitfalls related to NO flux measurements will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Sparacino-Watkins
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
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13
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da Silva GM, da Silva MC, Nascimento DVG, Lima Silva EM, Gouvêa FFF, de França Lopes LG, Araújo AV, Ferraz Pereira KN, de Queiroz TM. Nitric Oxide as a Central Molecule in Hypertension: Focus on the Vasorelaxant Activity of New Nitric Oxide Donors. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101041. [PMID: 34681140 PMCID: PMC8533285 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases include all types of disorders related to the heart or blood vessels. High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiac complications and pathological disorders. An increase in circulating angiotensin-II is a potent stimulus for the expression of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate oxidative stress, perpetuating a deleterious effect in hypertension. Studies demonstrate the capacity of NO to prevent platelet or leukocyte activation and adhesion and inhibition of proliferation, as well as to modulate inflammatory or anti-inflammatory reactions and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, in conditions of low availability of NO, such as during hypertension, these processes are impaired. Currently, there is great interest in the development of compounds capable of releasing NO in a modulated and stable way. Accordingly, compounds containing metal ions coupled to NO are being investigated and are widely recognized as having great relevance in the treatment of different diseases. Therefore, the exogenous administration of NO is an attractive and pharmacological alternative in the study and treatment of hypertension. The present review summarizes the role of nitric oxide in hypertension, focusing on the role of new NO donors, particularly the metal-based drugs and their protagonist activity in vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maria da Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Mirelly Cunha da Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Déborah Victória Gomes Nascimento
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Ellen Mayara Lima Silva
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Fabíola Furtado Fialho Gouvêa
- School of Technical Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58.051-900, PB, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Gonzaga de França Lopes
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60.020-181, CE, Brazil;
| | - Alice Valença Araújo
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Kelli Nogueira Ferraz Pereira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
| | - Thyago Moreira de Queiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, PE, Brazil; (G.M.d.S.); (M.C.d.S.); (D.V.G.N.); (E.M.L.S.); (A.V.A.); (K.N.F.P.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Hosseininasab V, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Thionitrite and Perthionitrite in NO Signaling at Zinc. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21184-21188. [PMID: 34180116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NO and H2 S serve as signaling molecules in biology with intertwined reactivity. HSNO and HSSNO with their conjugate bases - SNO and - SSNO form in the reaction of H2 S with NO as well as S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) and nitrite (NO2 - ) that serve as NO reservoirs. While HSNO and HSSNO are elusive, their conjugate bases form isolable zinc complexes Ph,Me TpZn(SNO) and Ph,Me TpZn(SSNO) supported by tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands. Reaction of Na(15-C-5)SSNO with Ph,Me TpZn(ClO4 ) provides Ph,Me TpZn(SSNO) that undergoes S-atom removal by PEt3 to give Ph,Me TpZn(SNO) and S=PEt3 . Unexpectedly stable at room temperature, these Zn-SNO and Zn-SSNO complexes release NO upon heating. Ph,Me TpZn(SNO) and Ph,Me TpZn(SSNO) quickly react with acidic thiols such as C6 F5 SH to form N2 O and NO, respectively. Increasing the thiol basicity in p-substituted aromatic thiols 4-X ArSH in the reaction with Ph,Me TpZn(SNO) turns on competing S-nitrosation to form Ph,Me TpZn-SH and RSNO, the latter a known precursor for NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
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15
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Keller TCS, Lechauve C, Keller AS, Brooks S, Weiss MJ, Columbus L, Ackerman HC, Cortese-Krott MM, Isakson BE. The role of globins in cardiovascular physiology. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:859-892. [PMID: 34486392 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Globin proteins exist in every cell type of the vasculature, from erythrocytes to endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and peripheral nerve cells. Many globin subtypes are also expressed in muscle tissues (including cardiac and skeletal muscle), in other organ-specific cell types, and in cells of the central nervous system. The ability of each of these globins to interact with molecular oxygen (O2) and nitric oxide (NO) is preserved across these contexts. Endothelial α-globin is an example of extra-erythrocytic globin expression. Other globins, including myoglobin, cytoglobin, and neuroglobin are observed in other vascular tissues. Myoglobin is observed primarily in skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells surrounding the aorta or other large arteries. Cytoglobin is found in vascular smooth muscle but can also be expressed in non-vascular cell types, especially in oxidative stress conditions after ischemic insult. Neuroglobin was first observed in neuronal cells, and its expression appears to be restricted mainly to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Brain and central nervous system neurons expressing neuroglobin are positioned close to many arteries within the brain parenchyma and can control smooth muscle contraction and, thus, tissue perfusion and vascular reactivity. Overall, reactions between NO and globin heme-iron contribute to vascular homeostasis by regulating vasodilatory NO signals and scaveging reactive species in cells of the mammalian vascular system. Here, we discuss how globin proteins affect vascular physiology with a focus on NO biology, and offer perspectives for future study of these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Steven Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christophe Lechauve
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alexander S Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Steven Brooks
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Hans C Ackerman
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmunology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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16
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Hosseininasab V, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Thionitrite and Perthionitrite in NO Signaling at Zinc. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
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17
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Tsikas D, Gambaryan S. Nitrous anhydrase activity of carbonic anhydrase II: cysteine is required for nitric oxide (NO) dependent phosphorylation of VASP in human platelets. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:525-534. [PMID: 33508993 PMCID: PMC7875556 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1874946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrase (CA) family does not only catalyse the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate, but it also possesses esterase and phosphatase activity. Recently, bovine CA II and human CA II have been reported to convert inorganic nitrite (O=N-O−) to nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous anhydride (N2O3). Given the ability of NO to mediate vasodilation and inhibit platelet aggregation, this CA II activity would represent a bioactivation of nitrite. There are contradictory reports in the literature and the physiological role of CA II nitrite bioactivation is still disputed. Here, we provide new experimental data in support of the nitrous anhydrase activity of CA II and the key role L-cysteine in the bioactivation of nitrite by CA II. Using washed human platelets and by measuring VASP phosphorylation we provide evidence that exogenous nitrite (10 µM) is bioactivated to NO in a manner strongly depending on L-cysteine (100 and 200 µM). The process is not inhibitable by acetazolamide, a potent CA inhibitor. The contradictory results of recently published studies in this area are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Tsikas D. Comment on the article Structure and mechanism of copper-carbonic anhydrase II: a nitrite reductase. IUCRJ 2021; 8:327-328. [PMID: 33708408 PMCID: PMC7924222 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520016644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper discusses a recent paper [Andring et al. (2020). IUCrJ, 7, 287-293] on the nitrite reductase and nitrous anhydrase activity of carbonic anhydrase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail:
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19
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Andring JT, Kim CU, McKenna R. Erratum: Structure and mechanism of copper-carbonic anhydrase II: a nitrite reductase. Corrigendum. IUCRJ 2021; 8:329. [PMID: 33708409 PMCID: PMC7924238 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1107/S2052252520000986.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Chae Un Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
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20
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Griffiths K, Lee JJ, Frenneaux MP, Feelisch M, Madhani M. Nitrite and myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury. Where are we now? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107819. [PMID: 33600852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite major advances in technology and treatment, with coronary heart disease (CHD) being a key contributor. Following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), it is imperative that blood flow is rapidly restored to the ischaemic myocardium. However, this restoration is associated with an increased risk of additional complications and further cardiomyocyte death, termed myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in protecting the myocardium from IRI. It is well established that NO mediates many of its downstream functions through the 'canonical' NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, which is vital for cardiovascular homeostasis; however, this pathway can become impaired in the face of inadequate delivery of necessary substrates, in particular L-arginine, oxygen and reducing equivalents. Recently, it has been shown that during conditions of ischaemia an alternative pathway for NO generation exists, which has become known as the 'nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway'. This pathway has been reported to improve endothelial dysfunction, protect against myocardial IRI and attenuate infarct size in various experimental models. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that nitrite itself provides multi-faceted protection, in an NO-independent fashion, against a myriad of pathophysiologies attributed to IRI. In this review, we explore the existing pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the role of nitrate and nitrite in cardioprotection and discuss the lessons learnt from the clinical trials for nitrite as a perconditioning agent. We also discuss the potential future for nitrite as a pre-conditioning intervention in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jordan J Lee
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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21
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Barhwal KK, Biswal S, Chandra Nag T, Chaurasia OP, Hota SK. Class switching of carbonic anhydrase isoforms mediates remyelination in CA3 hippocampal neurons during chronic hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 161:102-114. [PMID: 33035636 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to hypoxia results in cerebral white matter hyperintensities, increased P300 latency, delayed response and impairment in working memory. Despite burgeoning evidence on role of myelination in nerve conduction, the effect of chronic hypoxia on myelination of hippocampal neurons has been less studied. The present study provides novel evidence on alterations in myelination of hippocampal CA3 neurons following chronic hypoxic exposure. Sprague Dawley rats exposed to global hypobaric hypoxia simulating altitude of 25,000 ft showed progressive demyelination in CA3 hippocampal neurons on 14 days followed by remyelination on 21 and 28 days. The demyelination of CA3 neurons was associated with increased apoptosis of both oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), peroxidation of myelin lipids, and nitration induced reduced expression of Carbonic Anhydrase II (CAII). Prolonged hypoxic exposure of 21 and 28 days on the other hand resulted in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) induced upregulation of Carbonic Anhydrase IV (CAIV) expression in mature oligodendrocytes through iNOS mediated mechanisms along with reduction in lipid peroxidation and remyelination. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity on the other hand prevented remyelination of CA3 neurons. Based on these findings we propose a novel iNOS mediated mechanism for regulation of myelination in hypoxic hippocampal neurons through class switching of carbonic anhydrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Kumari Barhwal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India.
| | - Suryanarayan Biswal
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India; Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, DRDO, C/o 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Om Prakash Chaurasia
- Defence Institute of High Altitude Research, DRDO, C/o 56 APO, Leh-Ladakh, Jammu & Kashmir, 901205, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Hota
- O/o Director General (Life Sciences), DRDO Head Quarters, Rajaji Marg, New Delhi, 110011, India
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22
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Dattilo M. The role of host defences in Covid 19 and treatments thereof. Mol Med 2020; 26:90. [PMID: 32993497 PMCID: PMC7522454 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a natural defence against the infections from enveloped RNA viruses and is likely involved also in Covid 19. It was already shown to inhibit growth and pathogenic mechanisms of a variety of enveloped RNA viruses and it was now found that circulating H2S is higher in Covid 19 survivors compared to fatal cases. H2S release is triggered by carbon monoxide (CO) from the catabolism of heme by inducible heme oxygenase (HO-1) and heme proteins possess catalytic activity necessary for the H2S signalling by protein persulfidation. Subjects with a long promoter for the HMOX1 gene, coding for HO-1, are predicted for lower efficiency of this mechanism. SARS-cov-2 exerts ability to attack the heme of hemoglobin and other heme-proteins thus hampering both release and signalling of H2S. Lack of H2S-induced persulfidation of the KATP channels of leucocytes causes adhesion and release of the inflammatory cytokines, lung infiltration and systemic endothelial damage with hyper-coagulability. These events largely explain the sex and age distribution, clinical manifestations and co-morbidities of Covid-19. The understanding of this mechanism may be of guidance in re-evaluating the ongoing therapeutic strategies, with special attention to the interaction with mechanical ventilation, paracetamol and chloroquine use, and in the individuation of genetic traits causing increased susceptibility to the disruption of these physiologic processes and to a critical Covid 19. Finally, an array of therapeutic interventions with the potential to clinically modulate the HO-1/CO/H2S axis is already available or under development. These include CO donors and H2S donors and a boost to the endogenous production of H2S is also possible.
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23
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Abstract
Metalloenzymes such as the carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) possess highly specialized active sites that promote fast reaction rates and high substrate selectivity for the physiologic reaction that they catalyze, hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and a proton. Among the eight genetic CA macrofamilies, α-CAs possess rather spacious active sites and show catalytic promiscuity, being esterases with many types of esters, but also acting on diverse small molecules such as cyanamide, carbonyl sulfide (COS), CS2, etc. Although artificial CAs have been developed with the intent to efficiently catalyse non-biologically related chemical transformations with high control of stereoselectivity, the activities of these enzymes were much lower when compared to natural CAs. Here, we report an overview on the catalytic activities of α-CAs as well as of enzymes which were mutated or artificially designed by incorporation of transition metal ions. In particular, the distinct catalytic mechanisms of the reductase, oxidase and metatheses-ase such as de novo designed CAs are discussed.
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24
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Jonsson BH, Liljas A. Perspectives on the Classical Enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase and the Search for Inhibitors. Biophys J 2020; 119:1275-1280. [PMID: 32910900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a thoroughly studied enzyme. Its primary role is the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate in the cells, where carbon dioxide is produced, and in the lungs, where it is released from the blood. At the same time, it regulates pH homeostasis. The inhibitory function of sulfonamides on CA was discovered some 80 years ago. There are numerous physiological-therapeutic conditions in which inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase have a positive effect, such as glaucoma, or act as diuretics. With the realization that several isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase are associated with the development of several types of cancer, such as brain and breast cancer, the development of inhibitor drugs specific to those enzyme forms has exploded. We would like to highlight the breadth of research on the enzyme as well as draw the attention to some problems in recent published work on inhibitor discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengt-Harald Jonsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Division of Chemistry, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Liljas
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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25
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Amdahl MB, DeMartino AW, Gladwin MT. Inorganic nitrite bioactivation and role in physiological signaling and therapeutics. Biol Chem 2020; 401:201-211. [PMID: 31747370 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivation of inorganic nitrite refers to the conversion of otherwise 'inert' nitrite to the diatomic signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), which plays important roles in human physiology and disease, notably in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. While the most well-known sources of NO are the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes, another source of NO is the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, whereby nitrite (obtained from reduction of dietary nitrate) is further reduced to form NO. The past few decades have seen extensive study of the mechanisms of NO generation through nitrate and nitrite bioactivation, as well as growing appreciation of the contribution of this pathway to NO signaling in vivo. This review, prepared for the volume 400 celebration issue of Biological Chemistry, summarizes some of the key reactions of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway such as reduction, disproportionation, dehydration, and oxidative denitrosylation, as well as current evidence for the contribution of the pathway to human cardiovascular physiology. Finally, ongoing efforts to develop novel medical therapies for multifarious conditions, especially those related to pathologic vasoconstriction and ischemia/reperfusion injury, are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Amdahl
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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26
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Acetazolamide for OSA and Central Sleep Apnea: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chest 2020; 158:2632-2645. [PMID: 32768459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy options for OSA and central sleep apnea (CSA) are limited, thus many patients remain untreated. Clinically, acetazolamide is sometimes used for CSA; however, given overlapping pathophysiologic properties of OSA and CSA, we hypothesized that acetazolamide is equally effective for both types. Prior reviews focused on specific subtypes of sleep apnea, study designs, and languages, thus including few studies (typically ≤3) limiting insights. RESEARCH QUESTION How efficacious is acetazolamide for sleep apnea, and is its effect modified by sleep apnea type or acetazolamide dose? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We queried MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until March 11, 2019. Any study in which adults with OSA/CSA received oral acetazolamide vs no acetazolamide (control) that reported sleep apnea-related outcomes was eligible, independent of study design or language. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and abstracted data. Primary outcomes were apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen saturation nadir. Quality of evidence (QoE) was rated with the use of Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation methods. RESULTS We included 28 studies (13 OSA/15 CSA; NSubjects,Acetazolamide = 542; NSubjects,Control = 553) that enabled meta-analyses for 24 outcomes. Acetazolamide doses ranged from 36 to 1000 mg/d and treatment duration from 1 to 90 d (median, 6 d). Overall, acetazolamide vs control lowered the AHI by -0.7 effect sizes (95% CI, -0.83 to -0.58; I2 = 0%; moderate QoE) that corresponded to a reduction of 37.7% (95% CI, -44.7 to -31.3) or 13.8/h (95% CI, -16.3 to -11.4; AHIControl = 36.5/h). The AHI reduction was similar in OSA vs CSA, but significantly greater with higher doses (at least up to 500 mg/d). Furthermore, acetazolamide improved oxygen saturation nadir by +4.4% (95% CI, 2.3 to 6.5; I2 = 63%; no evidence of effect modification; very low QoE) and several secondary outcomes that included sleep quality measures and BP (mostly low QoE). INTERPRETATION Short-term acetazolamide improved both OSA and CSA. Rigorous studies with long-term follow up are warranted to assess Acetazolamide's value for the chronic treatment of patients with sleep apnea. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42019147504).
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27
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Pernow J, Mahdi A, Yang J, Zhou Z. Red blood cell dysfunction: a new player in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1596-1605. [PMID: 31198931 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is to transport oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs. However, emerging evidence suggests an important role of the RBC beyond being just a passive carrier of the respiratory gases. The RBCs are of importance for redox balance and are actively involved in the regulation of vascular tone, especially during hypoxic and ischaemic conditions by the release of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and adenosine triphosphate. The role of the RBC has gained further interest after recent discoveries demonstrating a markedly altered function of the cell in several pathological conditions. Such alterations include increased adhesion capability, increased formation of reactive oxygen species as well as altered protein content and enzymatic activities. Beyond signalling increased oxidative stress, the altered function of RBCs is characterized by reduced export of NO bioactivity regulated by increased arginase activity. Of further importance, the altered function of RBCs has important implications for several cardiovascular disease conditions. RBCs have been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction and to increase cardiac injury during ischaemia-reperfusion in diabetes mellitus. Finally, this new knowledge has led to novel therapeutic possibilities to intervene against cardiovascular disease by targeting signalling in the RBC. These novel data open up an entirely new view on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms behind the cardiovascular disease processes in diabetes mellitus mediated by the RBC. This review highlights the current knowledge regarding the role of RBCs in cardiovascular regulation with focus on their importance for cardiovascular dysfunction in pathological conditions and therapeutic possibilities for targeting RBCs in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Mahdi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiangning Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Kapil V, Khambata RS, Jones DA, Rathod K, Primus C, Massimo G, Fukuto JM, Ahluwalia A. The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation: The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:692-766. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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29
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Andring JT, Kim CU, McKenna R. Structure and mechanism of copper-carbonic anhydrase II: a nitrite reductase. IUCRJ 2020; 7:287-293. [PMID: 32148856 PMCID: PMC7055381 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) promotes vasodilation through the activation of guanylate cyclase, resulting in the relaxation of the smooth muscle vasculature and a subsequent decrease in blood pressure. Therefore, its regulation is of interest for the treatment and prevention of heart disease. An example is pulmonary hypertension which is treated by targeting this NO/vasodilation pathway. In bacteria, plants and fungi, nitrite (NO2 -) is utilized as a source of NO through enzymes known as nitrite reductases. These enzymes reduce NO2 - to NO through a catalytic metal ion, often copper. Recently, several studies have shown nitrite reductase activity of mammalian carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), yet the molecular basis for this activity is unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of copper-bound human CAII (Cu-CAII) in complex with NO2 - at 1.2 Å resolution. The structure exhibits Type 1 (T-1) and 2 (T-2) copper centers, analogous to bacterial nitrite reductases, both required for catalysis. The copper-substituted CAII active site is penta-coordinated with a 'side-on' bound NO2 -, resembling a T-2 center. At the N terminus, several residues that are normally disordered form a porphyrin ring-like configuration surrounding a second copper, acting as a T-1 center. A structural comparison with both apo- (without metal) and zinc-bound CAII (Zn-CAII) provides a mechanistic picture of how, in the presence of copper, CAII, with minimal conformational changes, can function as a nitrite reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
| | - Chae Un Kim
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
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30
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Abstract
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase binds its zinc ion by three histidine residues in a similar manner to the way copper is bound to nitrite reductase. This remote similarity has now been shown to be real [Andring et al. (2020). IUCrJ, 7, 287-293]. A carbonic anhydrase with two bound copper ions is also a nitrite reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Liljas
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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31
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Leipziger J, Praetorius H. Renal Autocrine and Paracrine Signaling: A Story of Self-protection. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1229-1289. [PMID: 31999508 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00014.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autocrine and paracrine signaling in the kidney adds an extra level of diversity and complexity to renal physiology. The extensive scientific production on the topic precludes easy understanding of the fundamental purpose of the vast number of molecules and systems that influence the renal function. This systematic review provides the broader pen strokes for a collected image of renal paracrine signaling. First, we recapitulate the essence of each paracrine system one by one. Thereafter the single components are merged into an overarching physiological concept. The presented survey shows that despite the diversity in the web of paracrine factors, the collected effect on renal function may not be complicated after all. In essence, paracrine activation provides an intelligent system that perceives minor perturbations and reacts with a coordinated and integrated tissue response that relieves the work load from the renal epithelia and favors diuresis and natriuresis. We suggest that the overall function of paracrine signaling is reno-protection and argue that renal paracrine signaling and self-regulation are two sides of the same coin. Thus local paracrine signaling is an intrinsic function of the kidney, and the overall renal effect of changes in blood pressure, volume load, and systemic hormones will always be tinted by its paracrine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Leipziger
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helle Praetorius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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32
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Wang L, Sparacino-Watkins CE, Wang J, Wajih N, Varano P, Xu Q, Cecco E, Tejero J, Soleimani M, Kim-Shapiro DB, Gladwin MT. Carbonic anhydrase II does not regulate nitrite-dependent nitric oxide formation and vasodilation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:898-911. [PMID: 31658361 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although it has been reported that bovine carbonic anhydrase CAII is capable of generating NO from nitrite, the function and mechanism of CAII in nitrite-dependent NO formation and vascular responses remain controversial. We tested the hypothesis that CAII catalyses NO formation from nitrite and contributes to nitrite-dependent inhibition of platelet activation and vasodilation. EXPERIMENT APPROACH The role of CAII in enzymatic NO generation was investigated by measuring NO formation from the reaction of isolated human and bovine CAII with nitrite using NO photolysis-chemiluminescence. A CAII-deficient mouse model was used to determine the role of CAII in red blood cell mediated nitrite reduction and vasodilation. KEY RESULTS We found that the commercially available purified bovine CAII exhibited limited and non-enzymatic NO-generating reactivity in the presence of nitrite with or without addition of the CA inhibitor dorzolamide; the NO formation was eliminated with purification of the enzyme. There was no significant detectable NO production from the reaction of nitrite with recombinant human CAII. Using a CAII-deficient mouse model, there were no measurable changes in nitrite-dependent vasodilation in isolated aorta rings and in vivo in CAII-/- , CAII+/- , and wild-type mice. Moreover, deletion of the CAII gene in mice did not block nitrite reduction by red blood cells and the nitrite-NO-dependent inhibition of platelet activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These studies suggest that human, bovine and mouse CAII are not responsible for nitrite-dependent NO formation in red blood cells, aorta, or the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Courtney E Sparacino-Watkins
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jun Wang
- Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Nadeem Wajih
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Paul Varano
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Cecco
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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33
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Hoff E, Zou D, Schiza S, Demir Y, Grote L, Bouloukaki I, Beydemir Ş, Eskandari D, Stenlöf K, Hedner J. Carbonic anhydrase, obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension: Effects of intervention. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12956. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hoff
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ding Zou
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sophia Schiza
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Atatürk University Erzurum Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy Services Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School Ardahan University Ardahan Turkey
| | - Ludger Grote
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Sleep Disorders Center Pulmonary Department Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Izolde Bouloukaki
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine Medical School University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University Eskişehir Turkey
| | - Davoud Eskandari
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kaj Stenlöf
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jan Hedner
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Sleep Disorders Center Pulmonary Department Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden
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Shimoda LA. CA Dreamin': Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Macrophages, and Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:412-413. [PMID: 30973760 PMCID: PMC6775948 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0122ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimore, Maryland
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35
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Hudalla H, Michael Z, Christodoulou N, Willis GR, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Filatava EJ, Dieffenbach P, Fredenburgh LE, Stearman RS, Geraci MW, Kourembanas S, Christou H. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition Ameliorates Inflammation and Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:512-524. [PMID: 30951642 PMCID: PMC6775956 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0232oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching are causally linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathogenesis. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition induces mild metabolic acidosis and exerts protective effects in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Carbonic anhydrases and metabolic acidosis are further known to modulate immune cell activation. To evaluate if carbonic anhydrase inhibition modulates macrophage activation, inflammation, and VSMC phenotypic switching in severe experimental pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypertension was assessed in Sugen 5416/hypoxia (SU/Hx) rats after treatment with acetazolamide or ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). We evaluated pulmonary and systemic inflammation and characterized the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition and metabolic acidosis in alveolar macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). We further evaluated the treatment effects on VSMC phenotypic switching in pulmonary arteries and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and corroborated some of our findings in lungs and pulmonary arteries of patients with PAH. Both patients with idiopathic PAH and SU/Hx rats had increased expression of lung inflammatory markers and signs of PASMC dedifferentiation in pulmonary arteries. Acetazolamide and NH4Cl ameliorated SU/Hx-induced pulmonary hypertension and blunted pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Expression of carbonic anhydrase isoform 2 was increased in alveolar macrophages from SU/Hx animals, classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated BMDMs, and lungs of patients with PAH. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition and acidosis had distinct effects on M1 and M2 markers in BMDMs. Inflammatory cytokines drove PASMC dedifferentiation, and this was inhibited by acetazolamide and acidosis. The protective antiinflammatory effect of acetazolamide in pulmonary hypertension is mediated by a dual mechanism of macrophage carbonic anhydrase inhibition and systemic metabolic acidosis.
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MESH Headings
- Acetazolamide/therapeutic use
- Acidosis/chemically induced
- Acidosis/complications
- Acidosis/immunology
- Ammonium Chloride/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Carbonic Anhydrases/physiology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Contractile Proteins/biosynthesis
- Contractile Proteins/genetics
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypoxia/complications
- Inflammation
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/enzymology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects
- Macrophages, Alveolar/enzymology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hudalla
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine and
- Department of Neonatology, Heidelberg University Children’s Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zoe Michael
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gareth R. Willis
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | - Paul Dieffenbach
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E. Fredenburgh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert S. Stearman
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark W. Geraci
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine and
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Cortés-Puch I, Sun J, Schechter AN, Solomon SB, Park JW, Feng J, Gilliard C, Natanson C, Piknova B. Inhaled nebulized nitrite and nitrate therapy in a canine model of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Nitric Oxide 2019; 91:1-14. [PMID: 31299340 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction in the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway can lead to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in mammals. Discovery of an alternative pathway to NO generation involving reduction from nitrate to nitrite and to NO has motivated the evaluation of nitrite as an alternative to inhaled NO for PH. In contrast, inhaled nitrate has not been evaluated to date, and potential benefits include a prolonged half-life and decreased risk of methemoglobinemia. In a canine model of acute hypoxia-induced PH we evaluated the effects of inhaled nitrate to reduce pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). In a randomized controlled trial, inhaled nitrate was compared to inhaled nitrite and inhaled saline. Exhaled NO, PAP and systemic blood pressures were continuously monitored. Inhaled nitrite significantly decreased PAP and increased exhaled NO. In contrast, inhaled nitrate and inhaled saline did not decrease PAP or increase exhaled NO. Unexpectedly, we found that inhaled nitrite resulted in prolonged (>5 h) exhaled NO release, increase in nitrate venous/arterial levels and a late surge in venous nitrite levels. These findings do not support a therapeutic role for inhaled nitrate in PH but may have therapeutic implications for inhaled nitrite in various disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cortés-Puch
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan N Schechter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven B Solomon
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji Won Park
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Feng
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cameron Gilliard
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Charles Natanson
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbora Piknova
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Narvaez-Guerra O, Herrera-Enriquez K, Medina-Lezama J, Chirinos JA. Systemic Hypertension at High Altitude. Hypertension 2019; 72:567-578. [PMID: 30354760 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Offdan Narvaez-Guerra
- From the Santa María Catholic University and PREVENCION Research Institute, Arequipa, Peru (O.N.-G., K.H.-E., J.M.-L.)
| | - Karela Herrera-Enriquez
- From the Santa María Catholic University and PREVENCION Research Institute, Arequipa, Peru (O.N.-G., K.H.-E., J.M.-L.)
| | - Josefina Medina-Lezama
- From the Santa María Catholic University and PREVENCION Research Institute, Arequipa, Peru (O.N.-G., K.H.-E., J.M.-L.)
| | - Julio A Chirinos
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.A.C.)
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Forte A, Yin X, Fava M, Bancone C, Cipollaro M, De Feo M, Mayr M, Jahangiri M, Della Corte A. Locally different proteome in aortas from patients with stenotic tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves†. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2019; 56:458-469. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to compare the intracellular proteome of ascending aortas from patients with stenotic bicuspid (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valves (TAV) to identify BAV-specific pathogenetic mechanisms of aortopathy and to verify the previously reported asymmetric expression of BAV aortopathy [concentrated at the convexity (CVX)] in its ‘ascending phenotype’ form.
METHODS
Samples were collected from the CVX and concavity sides of non-aneurysmal ascending aortas in 26 TAV and 26 BAV patients undergoing stenotic aortic valve replacement. Aortic lysates were subjected to cellular protein enrichment by subfractionation, and to proteome comparison by 2-dimensional fluorescence difference in-gel electrophoresis. Differentially regulated protein spots were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and analysed in silico. Selected results were verified by immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS
In BAV samples, 52 protein spots were differentially regulated versus TAV samples at the CVX and 10 spots at the concavity: liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry identified 35 and 10 differentially regulated proteins, respectively. Charge trains of individual proteins (e.g. annexins) suggested the presence of post-translational modifications possibly modulating their activity. At the CVX, 37 of the 52 different protein spots showed decreased expression in BAV versus TAV. The affected biological pathways included those involved in smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype, metabolism and cell stress.
CONCLUSIONS
The observed differential proteomics profiles may have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of the aortopathy, pointing the way for further studies. At a preaneurysmal stage, an aorta with BAV shows more protein expression changes and potentially more post-translational modifications at the CVX of the ascending aorta than at the concavity, compared to that of TAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Forte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- Cardiovascular Division, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marika Fava
- Cardiovascular Division, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ciro Bancone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Cipollaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marisa De Feo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuel Mayr
- Cardiovascular Division, King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marjan Jahangiri
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St George’s University of London, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Tejero J, Shiva S, Gladwin MT. Sources of Vascular Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species and Their Regulation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:311-379. [PMID: 30379623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a small free radical with critical signaling roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The generation of sufficient NO levels to regulate the resistance of the blood vessels and hence the maintenance of adequate blood flow is critical to the healthy performance of the vasculature. A novel paradigm indicates that classical NO synthesis by dedicated NO synthases is supplemented by nitrite reduction pathways under hypoxia. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, are produced in the vascular system for signaling purposes, as effectors of the immune response, or as byproducts of cellular metabolism. NO and ROS can be generated by distinct enzymes or by the same enzyme through alternate reduction and oxidation processes. The latter oxidoreductase systems include NO synthases, molybdopterin enzymes, and hemoglobins, which can form superoxide by reduction of molecular oxygen or NO by reduction of inorganic nitrite. Enzymatic uncoupling, changes in oxygen tension, and the concentration of coenzymes and reductants can modulate the NO/ROS production from these oxidoreductases and determine the redox balance in health and disease. The dysregulation of the mechanisms involved in the generation of NO and ROS is an important cause of cardiovascular disease and target for therapy. In this review we will present the biology of NO and ROS in the cardiovascular system, with special emphasis on their routes of formation and regulation, as well as the therapeutic challenges and opportunities for the management of NO and ROS in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ; and Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Wajih N, Basu S, Ucer KB, Rigal F, Shakya A, Rahbar E, Vachharajani V, Guthold M, Gladwin MT, Smith LM, Kim-Shapiro DB. Erythrocytic bioactivation of nitrite and its potentiation by far-red light. Redox Biol 2019; 20:442-450. [PMID: 30423533 PMCID: PMC6230921 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrite is reduced by heme-proteins and molybdenum-containing enzymes to form the important signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO), mediating NO signaling. Substantial evidence suggests that deoxygenated hemoglobin within red blood cells (RBCs) is the main erythrocytic protein responsible for mediating nitrite-dependent NO signaling. In other work, infrared and far red light have been shown to have therapeutic potential that some attribute to production of NO. Here we explore whether a combination of nitrite and far red light treatment has an additive effect in NO-dependent processes, and whether this effect is mediated by RBCs. METHODS AND RESULTS Using photoacoustic imaging in a rat model as a function of varying inspired oxygen, we found that far red light (660 nm, five min. exposure) and nitrite feeding (three weeks in drinking water at 100 mg/L) each separately increased tissue oxygenation and vessel diameter, and the combined treatment was additive. We also employed inhibition of human platelet activation measured by flow cytometry to assess RBC-dependent nitrite bioactivation and found that far red light dramatically potentiates platelet inhibition by nitrite. Blocking RBC-surface thiols abrogated these effects of nitrite and far-red light. RBC-dependent production of NO was also shown to be enhanced by far red light using a chemiluminescence-based nitric oxide analyzer. In addition, RBC-dependent bioactivation of nitrite led to prolonged lag times for clotting in platelet poor plasma that was enhanced by exposure to far red light. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that nitrite leads to the formation of a photolabile RBC surface thiol-bound species such as an S-nitrosothiol or heme-nitrosyl (NO-bound heme) for which far red light enhances NO signaling. These findings expand our understanding of RBC-mediated NO production from nitrite. This pathway of NO production may have therapeutic potential in several applications including thrombosis, and, thus, warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Wajih
- Department of Physics,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Swati Basu
- Department of Physics,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Kamil B Ucer
- Department of Physics,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States.
| | - Fernando Rigal
- Department of Physics,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Aryatara Shakya
- Department of Physics,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States.
| | - Elaheh Rahbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Martin Guthold
- Department of Physics,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
| | - Lane M Smith
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics,Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Research advances in pathogenesis and prophylactic measures of acute high altitude illness. Respir Med 2018; 145:145-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Rosenbaek JB, Pedersen EB, Bech JN. The effect of sodium nitrite infusion on renal function, brachial and central blood pressure during enzyme inhibition by allopurinol, enalapril or acetazolamide in healthy subjects: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:244. [PMID: 30241504 PMCID: PMC6150994 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) causes vasodilation, presumably by enzymatic conversion to nitric oxide (NO). Several enzymes with nitrite reducing capabilities have been discovered in vitro, but their relative importance in vivo has not been investigated. We aimed to examine the effects of NaNO2 on blood pressure, fractional sodium excretion (FENa), free water clearance (CH2O) and GFR, after pre-inhibition of xanthine oxidase, carbonic anhydrase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. The latter as an approach to upregulate endothelial NO synthase activity. Methods In a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 16 healthy subjects were treated, in a randomized order, with placebo, allopurinol 150 mg twice daily (TD), enalapril 5 mg TD, or acetazolamide 250 mg TD. After 4 days of treatment and standardized diet, the subjects were examined at our lab. During intravenous infusion of 240 μg NaNO2/kg/hour for 2 h, we measured changes in brachial and central blood pressure (BP), plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (P-cGMP), plasma and urine osmolality, GFR by 51Cr-EDTA clearance, FENa and urinary excretion rate of cGMP (U-cGMP) and nitrite and nitrate (U-NOx). Subjects were supine and orally water-loaded throughout the examination day. Results Irrespective of pretreatment, we observed an increase in FENa, heart rate, U-NOx, and a decrease in CH2O and brachial systolic BP during NaNO2 infusion. P-cGMP and U-cGMP did not change during infusion. We observed a consistent trend towards a reduction in central systolic BP, which was only significant after allopurinol. Conclusion This study showed a robust BP lowering, natriuretic and anti-aquaretic effect of intravenous NaNO2 regardless of preceding enzyme inhibition. None of the three enzyme inhibitors used convincingly modified the pharmacological effects of NaNO2. The steady cGMP indicates little or no conversion of nitrite to NO. Thus the effect of NaNO2 may not be mediated by NO generation. Trial registration EU Clinical Trials Register, 2013-003404-39. Registered December 3 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe B Rosenbaek
- University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Regional Hospital West Jutland and Aarhus University, Laegaardvej 12J, DK-7500, Holstebro, Denmark.
| | - Erling B Pedersen
- University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Regional Hospital West Jutland and Aarhus University, Laegaardvej 12J, DK-7500, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Jesper N Bech
- University Clinic in Nephrology and Hypertension, Regional Hospital West Jutland and Aarhus University, Laegaardvej 12J, DK-7500, Holstebro, Denmark
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Jakubowski M, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Doroszko A. The Human Carbonic Anhydrase II in Platelets: An Underestimated Field of Its Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4548353. [PMID: 30050931 PMCID: PMC6046183 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4548353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases constitute a group of enzymes that catalyse reversible hydration of carbon dioxide leading to the formation of bicarbonate and proton. The platelet carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) was described for the first time in the '80s of the last century. Nevertheless, its direct role in platelet physiology and pathology still remains poorly understood. The modulation of platelet CAII action as a therapeutic approach holds promise as a novel strategy to reduce the impact of cardiovascular diseases. This short review paper summarises the current knowledge regarding the role of human CAII in regulating platelet function. The potential future directions considering this enzyme as a potential drug target and important pathophysiological chain in platelet-related disorders are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jakubowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Rifkind JM, Mohanty JG, Nagababu E, Salgado MT, Cao Z. Potential Modulation of Vascular Function by Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species Released From Erythrocytes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:690. [PMID: 29930515 PMCID: PMC5999795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary role for erythrocytes is oxygen transport that requires the reversible binding of oxygen to hemoglobin. There are, however, secondary reactions whereby the erythrocyte can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). ROS such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are generated by the autoxidation of hemoglobin. NO can be generated when nitrite reacts with hemoglobin forming an HbNO+ intermediate. Both of these reactions are dramatically enhanced under hypoxic conditions. Within the erythrocyte, interactions of NO with hemoglobin and enzymatic reactions that neutralize ROS are expected to prevent the release of any generated NO or ROS. We have, however, demonstrated that partially oxygenated hemoglobin has a distinct conformation that enhances hemoglobin-membrane interactions involving Band 3 protein. Autoxidation of the membrane bound partially oxygenated hemoglobin facilitates the release of ROS from the erythrocyte. NO release is made possible when HbNO+, the hemoglobin nitrite-reduced intermediate, which is not neutralized by hemoglobin, is bound to the membrane and releases NO. Some of the released ROS has been shown to be transferred to the vasculature suggesting that some of the released NO may also be transferred to the vasculature. NO is known to have a major effect on the vasculature regulating vascular dilatation. Erythrocyte generated NO may be important when NO production by the vasculature is impaired. Furthermore, the erythrocyte NO released, may play an important role in regulating vascular function under hypoxic conditions when endothelial eNOS is less active. ROS can react with NO and, can thereby modulate the vascular effects of NO. We have also demonstrated an inflammatory response due to erythrocyte ROS. This reflects the ability of ROS to react with various cellular components affecting cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Rifkind
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joy G Mohanty
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Enika Nagababu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria T Salgado
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zeling Cao
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Choudhury MG, Kumari S, Das KB, Saha N. Lipopolysaccharide causes NFĸB-mediated induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and more production of nitric oxide in air-breathing catfish, Clarias magur (Hamilton). Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Pickerodt PA, Kronfeldt S, Russ M, Gonzalez-Lopez A, Lother P, Steiner E, Vorbrodt K, Busch T, Boemke W, Francis RCE, Swenson ER. Carbonic anhydrase is not a relevant nitrite reductase or nitrous anhydrase in the lung. J Physiol 2018; 597:1045-1058. [PMID: 29660141 DOI: 10.1113/jp275894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors such as acetazolamide inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in humans and other mammals, but the mechanism of this action remains unknown. It has been postulated that carbonic anhydrase may act as a nitrous anhydrase in vivo to generate nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite and that this formation is increased in the presence of acetazolamide. Acetazolamide reduces HPV in pigs without evidence of any NO generation, whereas nebulized sodium nitrite reduces HPV by NO formation; however; combined infusion of acetazolamide with sodium nitrite inhalation did not further increase exhaled NO concentration over inhaled nitrite alone in pigs exposed to alveolar hypoxia. We conclude that acetazolamide does not function as either a nitrous anhydrase or a nitrite reductase in the lungs of pigs, and probably other mammals, to explain its vasodilating actions in the pulmonary or systemic circulations. ABSTRACT The carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors acetazolamide and its structurally similar analogue methazolamide prevent or reduce hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in dogs and humans in vivo, by a mechanism unrelated to CA inhibition. In rodent blood and isolated blood vessels, it has been reported that inhibition of CA leads to increased generation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite and vascular relaxation in vitro. We tested the physiological relevance of augmented NO generation by CA from nitrite with acetazolamide in anaesthetized pigs during alveolar hypoxia in vivo. We found that acetazolamide prevents HPV in anaesthetized pigs, as in other mammalian species. A single nebulization of sodium nitrite reduces HPV, but this action wanes in the succeeding 3 h of hypoxia as nitrite is metabolized and excreted. Pulmonary artery pressure reduction and NO formation as measured by exhaled gas concentration from inhaled sodium nitrite were not increased by acetazolamide during alveolar hypoxia. Thus, our data argue against a physiological role of carbonic anhydrase as a nitrous anhydrase or nitrite reductase as a mechanism for its inhibition of HPV in the lung and blood in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Pickerodt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kronfeldt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Russ
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adrian Gonzalez-Lopez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Lother
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elvira Steiner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Vorbrodt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thilo Busch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Willehad Boemke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland C E Francis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Charité Mitte and Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik R Swenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
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Results, meta-analysis and a first evaluation of U NOxR, the urinary nitrate-to-nitrite molar ratio, as a measure of nitrite reabsorption in experimental and clinical settings. Amino Acids 2018; 50:799-821. [PMID: 29728915 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We recently found that renal carbonic anhydrase (CA) is involved in the reabsorption of inorganic nitrite (NO2-), an abundant reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) in tissues and cells. Impaired NO synthesis in the endothelium and decreased NO bioavailability in the circulation are considered major contributors to the development and progression of renal and cardiovascular diseases in different conditions including diabetes. Isolated human and bovine erythrocytic CAII and CAIV can convert nitrite to nitrous acid (HONO) and its anhydride N2O3 which, in the presence of thiols (RSH), are further converted to S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) and NO. Thus, CA may be responsible both for the homeostasis of nitrite and for its bioactivation to RSNO/NO. We hypothesized that enhanced excretion of nitrite in the urine may contribute to NO-related dysfunctions in the renal and cardiovascular systems, and proposed the urinary nitrate-to-nitrite molar ratio, i.e., UNOxR, as a measure of renal CA-dependent excretion of nitrite. Based on results from clinical and experimental animal studies, here, we report on a first evaluation of UNOxR. We determined UNOxR values in preterm neonates, healthy children, and adults, in children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), in elderly subjects suffering from chronic rheumatic diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), or peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). We also determined UNOxR values in healthy young men who ingested isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN), or inorganic nitrate. In addition, we tested the utility of UNOxR in two animal models, i.e., the LEW.1AR1-iddm rat, an animal model of human T1DM, and the APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a model of human dyslipidemia. Mean UNOxR values were lower in adult patients with rheumatic diseases (187) and in T2DM patients of the DALI study (74) as compared to healthy elderly adults (660) and healthy young men (1500). The intra- and inter-variabilities of UNOxR were of the order of 50% in young and elderly healthy subjects. UNOxR values were lower in black compared to white boys (314 vs. 483, P = 0.007), which is in line with reported lower NO bioavailability in black ethnicity. Mean UNOxR values were lower in DMD (424) compared to healthy (730) children, but they were higher in T1DM children (1192). ISDN (3 × 30 mg) decreased stronger UNOxR compared to PETN (3 × 80 mg) after 1 day (P = 0.046) and after 5 days (P = 0.0016) of oral administration of therapeutically equivalent doses. In healthy young men who ingested NaNO3 (0.1 mmol/kg/d), UNOxR was higher than in those who ingested the same dose of NaCl (1709 vs. 369). In LEW.1AR1-iddm rats, mean UNOxR values were lower than in healthy rats (198 vs. 308) and comparable to those in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice (151).
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Hanff E, Zinke M, Böhmer A, Niebuhr J, Maassen M, Endeward V, Maassen N, Tsikas D. GC-MS determination of nitrous anhydrase activity of bovine and human carbonic anhydrase II and IV. Anal Biochem 2018; 550:132-136. [PMID: 29729279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The most widely recognized activity of the large family of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrases (CAs) is the diffusion-controlled hydration of CO2 to HCO3- and one proton, and the less rapid dehydration of HCO3- to CO2: CO2 + H2O ⇆ HCO3- + H+. CAs also catalyze the reaction of water with other electrophiles such as aromatic esters, sulfates and phosphates, thus contributing to lending to CAs esterase, sulfatase and phosphatase activity, respectively. Renal CAII and CAIV are involved in the reabsorption of nitrite, the autoxidation product of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO): 4 NO + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 ONO- + 4 H+. Bovine and human CAII and CAIV have been reported to exert nitrite reductase and nitrous anhydride activity: 2 NO2- + 2 H+ ⇆ [2 HONO] ⇆ N2O3 + H2O. In the presence of L-cysteine, NO may be formed. In the literature, these issues are controversial, mainly due to analytical shortcomings, i.e., the inability to detect authentic HONO and N2O3. Here, we present a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assay to unambiguously detect and quantify the nitrous anhydrase activity of CAs. The assay is based on the hydrolysis of N2O3 in H218O to form ON18O- and 18ON18O-. After pentafluorobenzyl bromide derivatization and electron capture negative-ion chemical ionization of the pentafluorobenzyl nitro derivatives, quantification is performed by selected-ion monitoring of the anions with mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of 46 (ONO-), m/z 48 (ON18O- and 18ONO-), m/z 50 (18ON18O-) and m/z 47 (O15NO-, internal standard).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hanff
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maximilian Zinke
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke Böhmer
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Janine Niebuhr
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirja Maassen
- Institute of Sport Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Institute of Sport Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Endeward
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Norbert Maassen
- Institute of Sport Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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50
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Eskandari D, Zou D, Grote L, Hoff E, Hedner J. Acetazolamide Reduces Blood Pressure and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients With Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Sleep Med 2018; 14:309-317. [PMID: 29510792 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide (AZT) modulates blood pressure at high altitude and reduces sleep-disordered breathing in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to investigate the treatment effect of AZT and in combination with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure in patients with hypertension and OSA. METHODS In a prospective, randomized, three-way crossover study, 13 male patients with hypertension and moderate to severe OSA (age 64 ± 7 years, body mass index 29 ± 4 kg/m2, and mean apnea-hypopnea index 37 ± 23 events/h) received AZT, CPAP, or AZT plus CPAP for 2-week periods. Antihypertensive medication was washed out. Office and 24-hour blood pressure, arterial stiffness, polygraphic sleep study data, and blood chemistry were compared. RESULTS AZT alone and AZT plus CPAP, but not CPAP alone, reduced office mean arterial pressure compared to baseline (-7 [95% CI -11 to -4], -7 [95% CI -11 to -4] and -1 [95% CI -5 to 4] mmHg, respectively; repeated- measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA; P = .015). Aortic systolic pressure and augmentation index, assessed by radial artery oscillatory tonometry, were unaffected by CPAP but decreased after AZT and AZT plus CPAP (RM-ANOVA P = .030 and .031, respectively). The apnea-hypopnea index was significantly reduced in all three treatment arms, most prominently by AZT plus CPAP (RM-ANOVA P = .003). The reduction of venous bicarbonate concentration following AZT was correlated with the change of apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.66, P = .013). CONCLUSIONS AZT reduced blood pressure, vascular stiffness, and sleep-disordered breathing in patients with OSA and comorbid hypertension. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition may constitute a potential target for drug therapy in patients with sleep apnea and comorbid hypertension. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier: NCT02220803; Title: A Short Term Open, Randomized Cross-over Trial Exploring the Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition by Acetazolamide on Sleep Apnea Associated Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02220803 and Registry: EU Clinical Trials Register; EudraCT Number: 2013-004866-33; Title: A short term open, randomized cross over trial exploring the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition by acetazolamide on sleep apnea associated hypertension; URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2013-004866-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davoud Eskandari
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ding Zou
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ludger Grote
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sleep Disorders Center, Pulmonary Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Hoff
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sleep Disorders Center, Pulmonary Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedner
- Center for Sleep and Vigilance Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sleep Disorders Center, Pulmonary Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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