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Li S, Ma W, Cai B. Targeting cardiomyocyte proliferation as a key approach of promoting heart repair after injury. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:34. [PMID: 35006441 PMCID: PMC8607366 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI) is a major contributor to human mortality and morbidity. The mammalian adult heart almost loses its plasticity to appreciably regenerate new cardiomyocytes after injuries, such as MI and heart failure. The neonatal heart exhibits robust proliferative capacity when exposed to varying forms of myocardial damage. The ability of the neonatal heart to repair the injury and prevent pathological left ventricular remodeling leads to preserved or improved cardiac function. Therefore, promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation after injuries to reinitiate the process of cardiomyocyte regeneration, and suppress heart failure and other serious cardiovascular problems have become the primary goal of many researchers. Here, we review recent studies in this field and summarize the factors that act upon the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and cardiac repair after injury and discuss the new possibilities for potential clinical treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuainan Li
- Department of Pharmacy at The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- Department of Pharmacy at The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Benzhi Cai
- Department of Pharmacy at The Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology at College of Pharmacy (The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, the Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
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Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage depletion decreased M1 macrophage accumulation and the incidence of cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187894. [PMID: 29121663 PMCID: PMC5679665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac rupture is an important cause of death in the acute phase after myocardial infarction (MI). Macrophages play a pivotal role in cardiac remodeling after MI. Apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) is secreted specifically by macrophages and contributes to macrophage accumulation in inflamed tissue by maintaining survival and recruiting macrophages. In this study, we evaluated the role of AIM in macrophage accumulation in the infarcted myocardium and cardiac rupture after MI. Methods and results Wild-type (WT) and AIM‒/‒ mice underwent permanent left coronary artery ligation and were followed-up for 7 days. Macrophage accumulation and phenotypes (M1 pro-inflammatory macrophage or M2 anti-inflammatory macrophage) were evaluated by immunohistological analysis and RT-PCR. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity levels were measured by gelatin zymography. The survival rate was significantly higher (81.1% vs. 48.2%, P<0.05), and the cardiac rupture rate was significantly lower in AIM‒/‒ mice than in WT mice (10.8% vs. 31.5%, P<0.05). The number of M1 macrophages and the expression levels of M1 markers (iNOS and IL-6) in the infarcted myocardium were significantly lower in AIM‒/‒ mice than in WT mice. In contrast, there was no difference in the number of M2 macrophages and the expression of M2 markers (Arg-1, CD206 and TGF-β1) between the two groups. The ratio of apoptotic macrophages in the total macrophages was significantly higher in AIM‒/‒ mice than in WT mice, although MCP-1 expression did not differ between the two groups. MMP-2 and 9 activity levels in the infarcted myocardium were significantly lower in AIM‒/‒ mice than in WT mice. Conclusions These findings suggest that AIM depletion decreases the levels of M1 macrophages, which are a potent source of MMP-2 and 9, in the infarcted myocardium in the acute phase after MI by promoting macrophage apoptosis, and leads to a decrease in the incidence of cardiac rupture and improvements in survival rates.
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Okada H, Takemura G, Suzuki K, Oda K, Takada C, Hotta Y, Miyazaki N, Tsujimoto A, Muraki I, Ando Y, Zaikokuji R, Matsumoto A, Kitagaki H, Tamaoki Y, Usui T, Doi T, Yoshida T, Yoshida S, Ushikoshi H, Toyoda I, Ogura S. Three-dimensional ultrastructure of capillary endothelial glycocalyx under normal and experimental endotoxemic conditions. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2017; 21:261. [PMID: 29058634 PMCID: PMC5651619 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-017-1841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-protein glycocalyx coats healthy endothelium, but its ultrastructure is not well described. Our aim was to determine the three-dimensional ultrastructure of capillary endothelial glycocalyx in the heart, kidney, and liver, where capillaries are, respectively, continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal. METHODS Tissue samples were processed with lanthanum-containing alkaline fixative, which preserves the structure of glycocalyx. RESULTS Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the endothelial glycocalyx layer in continuous and fenestrated capillaries was substantially thicker than in sinusoids. In the heart, the endothelial glycocalyx presented as moss- or broccoli-like and covered the entire luminal endothelial cell surface. In the kidney, the glycocalyx appeared to nearly occlude the endothelial pores of the fenestrated capillaries and was also present on the surface of the renal podocytes. In sinusoids of the liver, glycocalyx covered not only the luminal side but also the opposite side, facing the space of Disse. In a mouse lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental endotoxemia model, the capillary endothelial glycocalyx was severely disrupted; that is, it appeared to be peeling off the cells and clumping. Serum concentrations of syndecan-1, a marker of glycocalyx damage, were significantly increased 24 h after administration of lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we visualized the three-dimensional ultrastructure of endothelial glycocalyx in healthy continuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal capillaries, and we also showed their disruption under experimental endotoxemic conditions. The latter may provide a morphological basis for the microvascular endothelial dysfunction associated with septic injury to organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Genzou Takemura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Kodai Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Oda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Chihiro Takada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Hotta
- Research Institute for Biotechnology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Nagisa Miyazaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Japan
| | - Isamu Muraki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ando
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Ryogen Zaikokuji
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biofunctional Analysis, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Atsumu Matsumoto
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitagaki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yuto Tamaoki
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Usui
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Doi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shozo Yoshida
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ushikoshi
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Izumi Toyoda
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shinji Ogura
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Mitręga KA, Nożyński J, Porc M, Spałek AM, Krzemiński TF. Dihydropyridines' metabolites-induced early apoptosis after myocardial infarction in rats; new outlook on preclinical study with M-2 and M-3. Apoptosis 2016; 21:195-208. [PMID: 26666749 PMCID: PMC4712235 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies established cardio-protective effects of furnidipine and its active metabolites called M-2 and M-3. The aim of current research was to compare the effects of single oral pretreatment with 20 mg kg(-1) of M-2 and M-3 on mortality, different forms of arrhythmias, blood pressures parameters and ST-segment changes during occlusion (for 90 min) and reperfusion in the model of myocardial infarction in rats evoked by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Additionally, the development of programmed cell death and biochemical parameters in blood serum were studied at 4th day after infarction. Furnidipines' metabolites effectively reduced mortality index while did not markedly influence on blood pressures parameters, arrhythmias, ST-segment changes as well as biochemical parameters. Intriguingly, programmed cell death study (TUNEL) showed distinct increase in the amount of apoptotic nuclei in post-infarcted myocardium, granulation tissue and what is more in arteriolar walls after M-2 and M-3 application. Moreover, M-2 turned out to be more powerful in stimulation of apoptosis in granulation tissue surrounding infarcted area whereas M-3 presented balanced profile in this matter. Taking into account that programmed cell death plays positive role in post-infarcted heart healing, M-2 presents itself as more attractive agent for oral pretreatment in early stages of ischemia by non-stable individuals due to its more specific action in stimulation repairing processes in granulation tissue as well as in arteriolar walls. While M-2 and M-3 are common metabolites present in degradation pathways of many widely used dihydropyridines in clinic, this key fact put the new outlook on understanding additional mechanism and effects of not only furnidipines' metabolites but also other dihydropyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Mitręga
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jerzy Nożyński
- Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, ul. Szpitalna 2, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maurycy Porc
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adrianna M Spałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz F Krzemiński
- Chair and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
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Postinfarction Cardiac Remodeling Proceeds Normally in Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Knockout Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1899-911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pereira Lopes FR, Martin PKM, Frattini F, Biancalana A, Almeida FM, Tomaz MA, Melo PA, Borojevic R, Han SW, Martinez AMB. Double gene therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and vascular endothelial growth factor acts synergistically to improve nerve regeneration and functional outcome after sciatic nerve injury in mice. Neuroscience 2012; 230:184-97. [PMID: 23103791 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral-nerve injuries are a common clinical problem and often result in long-term functional deficits. Reconstruction of peripheral-nerve defects is currently undertaken with nerve autografts. However, there is a limited availability of nerves that can be sacrificed and the functional recovery is never 100% satisfactory. We have previously shown that gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly improved nerve regeneration, neuronal survival, and muscle activity. Our hypothesis is that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) synergizes with VEGF to improve the functional outcome after sciatic nerve transection. The left sciatic nerves and the adjacent muscle groups of adult mice were exposed, and 50 or 100 μg (in 50 μl PBS) of VEGF and/or G-CSF genes was injected locally, just below the sciatic nerve, and transferred by electroporation. The sciatic nerves were transected and placed in an empty polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve guide, leaving a 3-mm gap to challenge nerve regeneration. After 6 weeks, the mice were perfused and the sciatic nerve, the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), the spinal cord and the gastrocnemius muscle were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Treated animals showed significant improvement in functional and histological analyses compared with the control group. However, the best results were obtained with the G-CSF+VEGF-treated animals: quantitative analysis of regenerated nerves showed a significant increase in the number of myelinated fibers and blood vessels, and the number of neurons in the DRG and motoneurons in the spinal cord was significantly higher. Motor function also showed that functional recovery occurred earlier in animals receiving G-CSF+VEGF-treatment. The gastrocnemius muscle showed an increase in weight and in the levels of creatine phosphokinase, suggesting an improvement of reinnervation and muscle activity. These results suggest that these two factors acted synergistically and optimized the nerve repair potential, improving regeneration after a transection lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Pereira Lopes
- Programa de Neurociência Básica e Clínica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Kearns-Jonker M, Dai W, Gunthart M, Fuentes T, Yeh HY, Gerczuk P, Pera M, Mummery C, Kloner RA. Genetically Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Influence Gene Expression in Donor Cardiomyocytes and the Recipient Heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; S1. [PMID: 23125947 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.s1-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS: Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) facilitate post-infarct recovery, but the potential benefit of combination therapy using MSCs and hESC-CMs has not been examined. Our objective was to define the gene expression changes in donor and host-derived cells that are induced in vivo after co-transplantation of cardiomyocytes with and without mesenchymal stem cells expressing the prosurvival gene heme oxygenase 1. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human MSCs were engineered to over-express heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) following lentiviral vector-mediated transduction. Athymic nude rats were subjected to myocardial infarction and received hESC-CMs alone, hESC-CMs plus human MSCs, hESC-CMs plus MSCs overexpressing HO-1, or saline. Real time PCR identified gene expression changes. Cardiac function was assessed by angiography. Co-transplantation of unmodified MSCs plus hESC-CMs elevated CXCR4, HGF, and IGF expression over levels induced by injection of hESC-derived cardiomyocytes alone. In animals co-transplanted with MSC over-expressing HO-1, the expression of these genes was further elevated. Gene expression levels of VEGF, TGF-β, CCL2, SMAD7, STAT3 and cardiomyocyte transcription factors were highest in the HO-1 MSC plus hESC-CM group at 30 days. Human CD31+, CD34+, isl-1+, NXK2.5 and c-kit+ transcripts were elevated. Rodent genes encoding NKX2.5, troponin T and CD31 were elevated and cell cycle genes were induced. Ejection fraction improved by six to seven percent. CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of HO-1 MSCs plus hESC-CMs increased expression of pro-survival and angiogenesis-promoting genes in human cells and transcripts of cardiac and endothelial cell markers in rodent cells, consistent with activation of tissue repair in both transplanted hESC-CMs and the host heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kearns-Jonker
- Dept of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Dept of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Piacentino III V, Milano CA, Bolanos M, Schroder J, Messina E, Cockrell AS, Jones E, Krol A, Bursac N, Mao L, Devi GR, Samulski RJ, Bowles DE. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein-mediated attenuation of apoptosis, using a novel cardiac-enhanced adeno-associated viral vector. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:635-46. [PMID: 22339372 PMCID: PMC3392616 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful amelioration of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure through gene therapy approaches will require a transgene effective at attenuating myocardial injury, and subsequent remodeling, using an efficient and safe delivery vehicle. Our laboratory has established a well-curated, high-quality repository of human myocardial tissues that we use as a discovery engine to identify putative therapeutic transgene targets, as well as to better understand the molecular basis of human heart failure. By using this rare resource we were able to examine age- and sex-matched left ventricular samples from (1) end-stage failing human hearts and (2) nonfailing human hearts and were able to identify the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) as a novel target for treating cardiac dysfunction. We demonstrate that XIAP is diminished in failing human hearts, indicating that this potent inhibitor of apoptosis may be central in protecting the human heart from cellular injury culminating in heart failure. Efforts to ameliorate heart failure through delivery of XIAP compelled the design of a novel adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, termed SASTG, that achieves highly efficient transduction in mouse heart and in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Increased XIAP expression achieved with the SASTG vector inhibits caspase-3/7 activity in neonatal cardiomyocytes after induction of apoptosis through three common cardiac stresses: protein kinase C-γ inhibition, hypoxia, or β-adrenergic receptor agonist. These studies demonstrate the potential benefit of XIAP to correct heart failure after highly efficient delivery to the heart with the rationally designed SASTG AAV vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Piacentino III
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Carmelo A. Milano
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Michael Bolanos
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jacob Schroder
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Emily Messina
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Adam S. Cockrell
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Edward Jones
- Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Ava Krol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Gayathri R. Devi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - R. Jude Samulski
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Moonen JRA, Harmsen MC, Krenning G. Cellular plasticity: the good, the bad, and the ugly? Microenvironmental influences on progenitor cell therapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:275-85. [DOI: 10.1139/y11-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor cell based therapies have emerged for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases where there is insufficient endogenous repair. However, clinical success has been limited, which challenges the original premise that transplanted progenitor cells would orchestrate repair. In this review, we discuss the basics of endothelial progenitor cell therapy and describe how microenvironmental changes (i.e., trophic and mechano-structural factors) in the damaged myocardium influence progenitor cell plasticity and hamper beneficial therapeutic outcome. Further understanding of these microenvironmental clues will enable optimization of cell therapy at all levels. We discuss current concepts and provide future perspectives for the enhancement of progenitor cell therapy, and merge these advances into a combined approach for ischemic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Renier A.J. Moonen
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin C. Harmsen
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine Research Group (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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Louzada RAN, Werneck-de-Castro JPS. Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in the Treatment of Cardiac Ischemic Disease. A Decade has Passed: Is it Time to Give Up? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2011; 25:191-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-011-6308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shim W, Mehta A, Lim SY, Zhang G, Lim CH, Chua T, Wong P. G-CSF for stem cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction: friend or foe? Cardiovasc Res 2011; 89:20-30. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Li L, Okada H, Takemura G, Kosai KI, Kanamori H, Esaki M, Takahashi T, Goto K, Tsujimoto A, Maruyama R, Kawamura I, Kawaguchi T, Takeyama T, Fujiwara T, Fujiwara H, Minatoguchi S. Postinfarction gene therapy with adenoviral vector expressing decorin mitigates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H1504-13. [PMID: 19684189 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00194.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin is a natural inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and exerts antifibrotic effects in heart and to stimulate skeletal muscle regeneration. We investigated decorin's chronic effects on postinfarction cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in mice by left coronary artery ligation. An adenoviral vector encoding human decorin (Ad. CAG-decorin) was then injected into the hindlimbs on day 3 post-MI (control, Ad.CAG-LacZ). Four weeks post-MI, the decorin-treated mice showed significant mitigation of the left ventricular dilatation and dysfunction seen in control mice. Although infarct size did not differ between the two groups, the infarcted wall thickness was greater and the segmental length of the infarct was smaller in decorin-treated mice. In addition, cellular components, including myofibroblasts and blood vessels, were more abundant within the infarcted area in decorin-treated mice, and fibrosis was significantly reduced in both the infarcted and noninfarcted areas of the left ventricular wall. Ten days post-MI, there was greater cell proliferation and less apoptosis among granulation tissue cells in the infarcted areas of decorin-treated mice. The treatment, however, did not affect proliferation and apoptosis of salvaged cardiomyocytes. Although decorin gene therapy did not affect TGF-beta1 expression in the infarcted heart, it inhibited Smad2/3 activation (downstream mediators of TGF-beta signaling). In summary, postinfarction decorin gene therapy mitigated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by altering infarct tissue noncardiomyocyte dynamics and preventing cardiac fibrosis, accompanying inhibition of Smad2/3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhu Li
- Division of Cardiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Abbate A, Biondi-Zoccai GGL, Van Tassell BW, Baldi A. Cellular preservation therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H563-5. [PMID: 19202003 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00066.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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