1
|
Torres‐Fuentes C, Suárez M, Aragonès G, Mulero M, Ávila‐Román J, Arola‐Arnal A, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Cardioprotective Properties of Phenolic Compounds: A Role for Biological Rhythms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100990. [PMID: 35279936 PMCID: PMC9786928 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide and their prevalence is continuously increasing. Available treatments may present several side effects and therefore the development of new safer therapeutics is of interest. Phenolic compounds have shown several cardioprotective properties helpful in reducing different CVD risk factors such as inflammation, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, or endothelial dysfunction. These factors are significantly influenced by biological rhythms which are in fact emerging as key modulators of important metabolic and physiological processes. Thus, increased events of CVD have been observed under circadian rhythm disruption or in winter versus other seasons. These rhythms can also affect the functionality of phenolic compounds. Indeed, different effects have been observed depending on the administration time or under different photoperiods. Therefore, in this review the focus will be on the potential of phenolic compounds as therapeutics to prevent CVD via biological rhythm modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Torres‐Fuentes
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Javier Ávila‐Román
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Anna Arola‐Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Maria Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Saz-Lara A, Pascual-Morena C, Álvarez-Bueno C. Association Between Wine Consumption and Cognitive Decline in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:863059. [PMID: 35634389 PMCID: PMC9133879 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.863059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-to-moderate alcohol consumption appears to have potential health benefits. Existing evidence concludes that wine may be associated with a lower incidence of certain diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine evidence on the association between wine consumption and cognitive decline and to analyze whether this association varies depending on the wine consumption level or is affected by individual and study characteristics, including mean age, percentage of women participants, and follow-up time. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we undertook a search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for longitudinal studies measuring the association between wine consumption and cognitive decline from their inception to May 2021. Effect sizes were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird and Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman methods. Results The search retrieved 6,055 articles, 16 of which were included in this systematic review. In total, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were published between 1997 and 2019. They were conducted in nine different countries. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 360 to 10,308 with a mean age of 70 years old. Using the DerSimoniand and Laird method, the pooled RR for the effect of wine consumption on cognitive decline was 0.72 (95% CI 0.63–0.80; I2 = 82.4%; τ2: 0.0154). Using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method, the RR was 0.65 (95% CI 0.52–0.79; I2 = 94,531%; τ2: 0.057). Conclusions This study may show a protective effect of wine consumption against cognitive decline. However, it would be important for future research to differentiate the types of wine within consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
- *Correspondence: Iván Cavero-Redondo
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
White Wine—Induced Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxation in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050944. [PMID: 35624811 PMCID: PMC9137674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasodilatory activity and polyphenolic content of commercially available white wine is low compared to red wines. This study assessed the vasodilator potential of white wines produced by four different fermentation processes: (1) white wine produced by the standard procedure; (2) grapes left to macerate completely for 30 days; (3) grapes left to macerate up to half of unfermented sugar; and (4) wine produced by cooling the must. All tested wine samples were analyzed for their phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and ethanol content. Vasodilation was examined in the norepinephrine pre-contracted isolated rat aortas of male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly exposed to cumulative concentrations (0.1‰ to 8‰ final dilutions in organ baths) of each of the tested wine samples with or without quercetin and/or gallic acid supplementation, in the absence/presence of NOS inhibitor L-NAME. Standard procedure and the procedure involving must cooling gives wine with lower phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and lower vasodilator potential, respectively. L-NAME inhibited vasodilation to all wine samples. Quercetin with or without gallic acid supplementation restored vasodilation. Results show that vasodilation to white wine is NO-dependent and suggest the possibility of increasing the antioxidant capacity and vasodilatory potential of white wine using different production procedures, depending on quercetin content.
Collapse
|
4
|
On Health Effects of Resveratrol in Wine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053110. [PMID: 35270803 PMCID: PMC8910699 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 3344 publications concerned with the health-related effects of resveratrol that occurs in wine and grapes. We discovered that publication activity increased until 2010 and decreased slightly afterwards. The most frequent author keywords were classified into six groups: (1) beverage-related keywords, (2) compound-related keywords, (3) disease-related keywords, (4) effect-related keywords, (5) mechanism-related keywords, and (6) broader keywords. By means of reference publication year spectroscopy, we analyzed and discussed the most frequently cited references (i.e., key papers) within the publication set. A rather large portion of the key papers exhibit a deliberative or positive attitude and report on the health effects of resveratrol, although limited data in humans preclude drawing unambiguous conclusions on its health-related benefits. From our analysis, we could not identify specific publications that provide a distinct change of direction of the ongoing scientific discourse. Moderate red wine consumption seems to bear the potential of being health promoting, whereas excessive alcohol consumption can induce liver cirrhosis and cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Voglhuber J, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Abdellatif M, Sedej S. Targeting Cardiovascular Risk Factors Through Dietary Adaptations and Caloric Restriction Mimetics. Front Nutr 2021; 8:758058. [PMID: 34660673 PMCID: PMC8514725 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.758058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The average human life expectancy continues to rise globally and so does the prevalence and absolute burden of cardiovascular disease. Dietary restriction promotes longevity and improves various cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. However, low adherence to caloric restriction renders this stringent dietary intervention challenging to adopt as a standard practice for cardiovascular disease prevention. Hence, alternative eating patterns and strategies that recapitulate the salutary benefits of caloric restriction are under intense investigation. Here, we first provide an overview of alternative interventions, including intermittent fasting, alternate-day fasting and the Mediterranean diet, along with their cardiometabolic effects in animal models and humans. We then present emerging pharmacological alternatives, including spermidine, NAD+ precursors, resveratrol, and metformin, as promising caloric restriction mimetics, and briefly touch on the mechanisms underpinning their cardiometabolic and health-promoting effects. We conclude that implementation of feasible dietary approaches holds the promise to attenuate the burden of cardiovascular disease and facilitate healthy aging in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Voglhuber
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par La Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Institute Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Festa J, Da Boit M, Hussain A, Singh H. Potential Benefits of Berry Anthocyanins on Vascular Function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100170. [PMID: 34346156 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of global death. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a strong predictor for most CVD making it a therapeutic target for both drug and nutrition interventions. It has been previously shown that polyphenols from wine and grape extracts possess vasodilator activities, due to the increased expression and phosphorylation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and consequent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) production. This is vital in the prevention of ED, as NO production contributes to the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis. Moreover, polyphenols have the ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause oxidative stress, as well as suppress the upregulation of inflammatory markers within the endothelium. However, while the majority of the research has focused on red wine, this has overshadowed the potential of other nutritional components for targeting ED, such as the use of berries. Berries are high in anthocyanin flavonoids a subtype of polyphenols with studies suggesting improved vascular function as a result of inducing NO production and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This review focuses on the protective effects of berries within the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Festa
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Mariasole Da Boit
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Aamir Hussain
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Harprit Singh
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gligorijević N, Stanić-Vučinić D, Radomirović M, Stojadinović M, Khulal U, Nedić O, Ćirković Veličković T. Role of Resveratrol in Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disorders and Cardiovascular Complications Related to COVID-19 Disease: Mode of Action and Approaches Explored to Increase Its Bioavailability. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26102834. [PMID: 34064568 PMCID: PMC8151233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced by many plants as a defense mechanism against stress-inducing conditions. The richest dietary sources of resveratrol are berries and grapes, their juices and wines. Good bioavailability of resveratrol is not reflected in its high biological activity in vivo because of resveratrol isomerization and its poor solubility in aqueous solutions. Proteins, cyclodextrins and nanomaterials have been explored as innovative delivery vehicles for resveratrol to overcome this limitation. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated beneficial effects of resveratrol in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Main beneficial effects of resveratrol intake are cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, vasodilatory, anti-diabetic, and improvement of lipid status. As resveratrol can alleviate the numerous factors associated with CVD, it has potential as a functional supplement to reduce COVID-19 illness severity in patients displaying poor prognosis due to cardio-vascular complications. Resveratrol was shown to mitigate the major pathways involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 including regulation of the renin-angiotensin system and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, stimulation of immune system and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Therefore, several studies already have anticipated potential implementation of resveratrol in COVID-19 treatment. Regular intake of a resveratrol rich diet, or resveratrol-based complementary medicaments, may contribute to a healthier cardio-vascular system, prevention and control of CVD, including COVID-19 disease related complications of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Gligorijević
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Dragana Stanić-Vučinić
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.-V.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Mirjana Radomirović
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.-V.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Marija Stojadinović
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.-V.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Urmila Khulal
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Global Campus, Ghent University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| | - Olgica Nedić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, Department for Metabolism, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.G.); (O.N.)
| | - Tanja Ćirković Veličković
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.-V.); (M.R.); (M.S.)
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Global Campus, Ghent University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Knez Mihailova 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-333-6608
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Alcohol is recognized a risk factor for increased uric acid and gout flare. The aim of the study was to review the literature in order to find out what is the role of alcohol consumption in pathogenesis of gout. A search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline Complete database was performed in January 2021. The databases were searched with the phrases: "uric acid and alcohol," "alcoholic beverages and gout," "hyperuricemia and alcoholic beverages consumption" published between 2000 and 2021. A total of 2642 results were found. The 99 non-duplicate citations were screened. Then 81 articles were excluded after abstract screen. After that 18 articles were retrieved. Eventually 15 articles were included for systematic review. Several authors see the positive correlation between beer or distilled spirits consumption and gout. Some include wine to the list of triggers of gout. Others state that moderate wine consumption protects from gout attacks due to antioxidants and phytoestrogen content. Majority noticed the relationship between episodic alcohol consumption and gout attacks. Episodic alcohol intake triggers gout attacks, regardless of type of alcohol. Thus, individuals with established gout and pre-existing risk factors should limit all types of alcohol intake to prevent gout episodes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang Z, Guo W, Yi F, Zhou T, Li X, Feng Y, Guo Q, Xu H, Song X, Cao L. The Regulatory Effect of SIRT1 on Extracellular Microenvironment Remodeling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:89-96. [PMID: 33390835 PMCID: PMC7757024 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sirtuins family is well known by its unique nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase function. The most-investigated member of the family, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), accounts for deacetylating a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, such as p53, the Forkhead box O (FOXO), and so on. It serves as a pivotal regulator in various intracellular biological processes, including energy metabolism, DNA damage response, genome stability maintenance and tumorigenesis. Although the most attention has been focused on its intracellular functions, the regulatory effect on extracellular microenvironment remodeling of SIRT1 has been recognized by researchers recently. SIRT1 can regulate cell secretion process and participate in glucose metabolism, neuroendocrine function, inflammation and tumorigenesis. Here, we review the advances in the understanding of SIRT1 on remodeling the extracellular microenvironment, which may provide new ideas for pathogenesis investigation and guidance for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Wendong Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Xiaoman Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Yanling Feng
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Qiqiang Guo
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Hongde Xu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China, 110122
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Protective Effects of Polyphenols against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153469. [PMID: 32751587 PMCID: PMC7435883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. It manifests as an imbalance between blood demand and blood delivery in the myocardium, which leads to cardiac ischemia and myocardial necrosis. While it is not easy to identify the first pathogenic cause of MI, the consequences are characterized by ischemia, chronic inflammation, and tissue degeneration. A poor MI prognosis is associated with extensive cardiac remodeling. A loss of viable cardiomyocytes is replaced with fibrosis, which reduces heart contractility and heart function. Recent advances have given rise to the concept of natural polyphenols. These bioactive compounds have been studied for their pharmacological properties and have proven successful in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have focused on their various bioactivities, such as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and free radical scavenging. In this review, we summarized the effects and benefits of polyphenols on the cardiovascular injury, particularly on the treatment of myocardial infarction in animal and human studies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Delgado NTB, Rouver WN, Dos Santos RL. Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3684-3699. [PMID: 32250215 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406152147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. METHODS Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. CONCLUSION This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie T B Delgado
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Wender N Rouver
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Roger L Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Evaluation of the Cardiac Protection Conferred by Proanthocyanidins in Grape Seeds against Development of Ehrlich Solid Tumors in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3530296. [PMID: 32016114 PMCID: PMC6985929 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3530296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Examination of the antineoplastic effects of a range of chemical compounds is often undertaken via the transplantable tumor model of Ehrlich solid tumor (EST), which is a simulation of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore how cardiac toxicity, damage, oxidative stress, and changes in the expressions of TNFα and apoptotic P53 triggered by EST could be countered with grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPE). To that end, 50 female mice were used, with arbitrary and equal distribution into five groups, namely, the control group (G1), GSPE group (G2), EST group (G3), GSPE + EST (G4; cotreatment consisted of mice that received GSPE treatment at the beginning of EST induction over a period of 14 days), and EST + GSPE (G5; posttreatment consisted of mice with EST that received GSPE treatment for 14 days following the 14 days since the induction of EST). By comparison with the control group, the EST group had significantly higher levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), myoglobin, cardiac TBARS, nitric oxide (NO), total thiol and hydrogen peroxide, cardiac damage, and expression of P53 and TNFα. On the other hand, the EST group had significantly lower levels of cardiac catalase and total antioxidant (TAC) than the control group. Furthermore, better improvement in cardiac toxicity, oxidative stress, damage, apoptosis, and TNFα expressions was displayed by the cotreated (GSPE + EST) group than by the posttreated (EST + GSPE) group. This led to the conclusion that GSPE conferred cardiac protective and antioxidant effects against EST. This finding calls for more investigation on the benefits of grape seeds as adjuvant agents to prevent and treat cardiac toxicity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vechi G, de Souza P, da Silva LM, de Andrade SF, Filho VC, Da Silva RDCMVDA. Mechanisms underlying Eugenia mattosii D. Legrand leaves extract, fractions and compounds induce relaxation of the aorta from normotensive and hypertensive rats. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:445. [PMID: 31763123 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to verify the effect of methanolic extract, fractions, and phenolic compounds of Eugenia mattosii D. Legrand leaves on the aorta relaxation. Isometric tensions were measured on the aorta of normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The results showed that both methanolic extracts of leaves and stems, as well as, fractions obtained from leaves were able to induce a concentration-dependent relaxation in both endothelium-intact and -denuded aortas. The methanolic extract of leaves (ME-leaves) was the most effective since the maximal relaxation (≈ 83%) obtained was at the concentration of 300 μg/mL. As the endothelium-dependent relaxation was more significant, we investigated the mechanisms by which ME-leaves induced this effect. After the pretreatment with LNAME, ME-leaves-induced relaxation was decreased in the aorta of NTR and SHR. However, the pretreatment with methylene blue only reduced the relaxation in the aorta of NTR. Furthermore, pretreatment with ME-leaves decreased phenylephrine-induced contraction in preparation Ca2+-free only in aortic rings from NTR. This study also reveals that both compounds, cryptostrobin isolated from chloroform fraction and catechin from the ethyl acetate fraction induced a marked relaxation in endotheliumintact aortic rings of NTR. In conclusion, ME-leaves induces relaxation in the rat aorta involves the modulation of NO/cGMP dependent signaling pathway, this mechanism may at least, in part, explain the endothelium-dependent relaxation. Furthermore, cryptostrobin and catechin also induced relaxation, which may contribute synergistically to the vasorelaxation effect of the ME-leaves.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Fluid Aspect of the Mediterranean Diet in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: The Role of Polyphenol Content in Moderate Consumption of Wine and Olive Oil. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112833. [PMID: 31752333 PMCID: PMC6893438 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing interest has emerged in the beneficial effects of plant-based diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. The Mediterranean diet, one of the most widely evaluated dietary patterns in scientific literature, includes in its nutrients two fluid foods: olive oil, as the main source of fats, and a low-to-moderate consumption of wine, mainly red, particularly during meals. Current mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet include a reduction in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, improvement in lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, as well as antithrombotic properties. Most of these effects are attributable to bioactive ingredients including polyphenols, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Polyphenols are a heterogeneous group of phytochemicals containing phenol rings. The principal classes of red wine polyphenols include flavonols (quercetin and myricetin), flavanols (catechin and epicatechin), anthocyanin and stilbenes (resveratrol). Olive oil has at least 30 phenolic compounds. Among them, the main are simple phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), secoroids and lignans. The present narrative review focuses on phenols, part of red wine and virgin olive oil, discussing the evidence of their effects on lipids, blood pressure, atheromatous plaque and glucose metabolism.
Collapse
|
15
|
A Review of Endothelium-Dependent and -Independent Vasodilation Induced by Phytochemicals in Isolated Rat Aorta. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090623. [PMID: 31470540 PMCID: PMC6769919 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, so the investigation of new therapeutic tools is a priority for their prevention and treatment. This review shows the relevant contribution of the isolated rat aorta as an in vitro experimental model to validate the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals, mainly those present in plants traditionally used in folk medicine to relieve hypertension. The results of the assays carried out in this model show that a variety of plant extracts and their isolated compounds produce vasodilation, which may explain their use, especially to treat hypertension. Abstract This review discusses the contribution of the use of the isolated rat aorta (IRA) as a model for the evaluation of extracts and metabolites produced by plants with a vasodilator effect in animals. This model continues to be a valuable approach for the search and development of new phytochemicals consumed as medicinal plants or foods. In most cases, the sources of phytochemicals have been used in folk medicine to treat ailments that include hypertension. In this model, the endothelium is emphasized as a key component that modulates the vessel contractility, and therefore the basal tone and blood pressure. Based on the functional nature of the model, we focused on studies that determined the endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatory activity of phytochemicals. We describe the mechanisms that account for aorta contraction and relaxation, and subsequently show the vasoactive effect of a series of phytochemicals acting as vasodilators and its endothelium dependence. We highlight information regarding the cardiovascular benefits of phytochemicals, especially their potential antihypertensive effect. On this basis, we discuss the advantages of the IRA as a predictive model to support the research and development of new drugs that may be of help in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the number one cause of death worldwide.
Collapse
|
16
|
Effects of a High Fat Meal Associated with Water, Juice, or Champagne Consumption on Endothelial Function and Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Young, Healthy Subjects. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060859. [PMID: 31208093 PMCID: PMC6617404 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED), often linked to hypertriglyceridemia, is an early step of atherosclerosis. We investigated, in a randomized cross-over study, whether high-fat meal (HFM)-induced ED might be reduced by fruit juice or champagne containing polyphenols. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and biological parameters (lipid profile, glycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress markers) were determined before and two and three hours after the HFM in 17 healthy young subjects (24.6 ± 0.9 years) drinking water, juice, or champagne. Considering the entire group, despite significant hypertriglyceridemia (from 0.77 ± 0.07 to 1.41 ± 0.18 mmol/L, p < 0.001) and a decrease in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), the FMD was not impaired. However, the FMD decreased in 10 subjects (from 10.73 ± 0.95 to 8.13 ± 0.86 and 8.07 ± 1.16%; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; 2 and 3 h, respectively, after the HFM), without concomitant change in concentration reactive protein or reactive oxygen species, but with an increase in glycemia. In the same subjects, the FMD did not decrease when drinking juice or champagne. In conclusion, HFM can impair the endothelial function in healthy young subjects. Fruit juice, rich in anthocyanins and procyanidins, or champagne, rich in simple phenolic acids, might reduce such alterations, but further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms, likely involving polyphenols.
Collapse
|
17
|
Finn-Sell SL, Cottrell EC, Greenwood SL, Dilworth MR, Cowley EJ, Sibley CP, Wareing M. Pomegranate Juice Supplementation Alters Utero-Placental Vascular Function and Fetal Growth in the eNOS -/- Mouse Model of Fetal Growth Restriction. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1145. [PMID: 30154737 PMCID: PMC6103006 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The eNOS−/− mouse provides a well-characterized model of fetal growth restriction (FGR) with altered uterine and umbilical artery function and reduced utero- and feto-placental blood flow. Pomegranate juice (PJ), which is rich in antioxidants and bioactive polyphenols, has been posited as a beneficial dietary supplement to promote cardiovascular health. We hypothesized that maternal supplementation with PJ will improve uterine and umbilical artery function and thereby enhance fetal growth in the eNOS−/− mouse model of FGR. Wild type (WT, C57Bl/6J) and eNOS−/− mice were supplemented from E12.5-18.5 with either PJ in their drinking water or water alone. At E18.5 uterine (UtA) and umbilical (UmbA) arteries were isolated for study of vascular function, fetuses and placentas were weighed and fetal biometric measurements taken. PJ supplementation significantly increased UtA basal tone (both genotypes) and enhanced phenylephrine-induced contraction in eNOS−/− but not WT mice. Conversely PJ significantly reduced UtA relaxation in response to both acetylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), endothelium dependent and independent vasodilators respectively from WT but not eNOS−/− mice. UmbA sensitivity to U46619-mediated contraction was increased by PJ supplementation in WT mice; PJ enhanced contraction and relaxation of UmbA to Ach and SNP respectively in both genotypes. Contrary to our hypothesis, the changes in artery function induced by PJ were not associated with an increase in fetal weight. However, PJ supplementation reduced litter size and fetal abdominal and head circumference in both genotypes. Collectively the data do not support maternal PJ supplementation as a safe or effective treatment for FGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Finn-Sell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Cottrell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Dilworth
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cowley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P Sibley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Wareing
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang D, Yin L, Liu X, Lv B, Xie Z, Wang X, Yu B, Zhang Y. Geraniin protects bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells against hydrogen peroxide‑induced cellular oxidative stress in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:739-748. [PMID: 29207024 PMCID: PMC5752161 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ischemic cardiac tissue compromises the survival of transplanted MSCs, thus resulting in limited therapeutic efficiency. Therefore, strategies that attenuate oxidative stress-induced damage and enhance MSC viability are required. Geraniin has been reported to possess potent antioxidative activity and exert protective effects on numerous cell types under certain conditions. Therefore, geraniin may be considered a potential drug used to modulate MSC-based therapy for MI. In the present study, MSCs were pretreated with geraniin for 24 h and were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 4 h. Cell apoptosis, intracellular ROS levels and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/ propidium iodide staining, the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe and the membrane permeable dye JC-1, respectively. Glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were also investigated. The expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins and proteins of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway were analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that geraniin could significantly attenuate H2O2-induced cell damage by promoting MSC survival, reducing cellular ROS production and maintaining mitochondrial function. Furthermore, geraniin modulated the expression levels of phosphorylated-Akt in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The cytoprotective effects of geraniin were suppressed by LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, the present study revealed that geraniin protects MSCs from H2O2-induced oxidative stress injury via the PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings indicated that cotreatment of MSCs with geraniin may optimize therapeutic efficacy for the clinical treatment of MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zulong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Amani H, Ajami M, Nasseri Maleki S, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Daglia M, Tsetegho Sokeng AJ, Di Lorenzo A, Nabavi SF, Devi KP, Nabavi SM. Targeting signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) in human cancer by dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. Biochimie 2017; 142:63-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
20
|
Byrd-Bredbenner C, Ferruzzi MG, Fulgoni VL, Murray R, Pivonka E, Wallace TC. Satisfying America's Fruit Gap: Summary of an Expert Roundtable on the Role of 100% Fruit Juice. J Food Sci 2017; 82:1523-1534. [PMID: 28585690 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recognize the role of 100% fruit juice in health and in helping people meet daily fruit recommendations and state that 100% fruit juice is a nutrient-dense beverage that should be a primary choice, along with water and low-fat/fat-free milk. The DGAs note that children are consuming 100% fruit juice within recommendations (that is, 120 to 180 mL/d for children aged 1 to 6 y and 236 to 355 mL/d for children aged 7 to 18 y). Evidence shows that compared to nonconsumers, those who consume 100% fruit juice come closer to meeting daily fruit needs and have better diet quality. In children, 100% fruit juice is associated with increased intakes of nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, and potassium. When consumed within the DGA recommendations, 100% fruit juice is not associated with overweight/obesity or childhood dental caries and does not compromise fiber intake. Preliminary data suggest that polyphenols in some 100% fruit juices may inhibit absorption of naturally occurring sugars. Given its role in promoting health and in helping people meet fruit needs, experts participating in a roundtable discussion agreed that there is no science-based reason to restrict access to 100% fruit juice in public health nutrition policy and programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Reducing or eliminating 100% fruit juice could lead to unintended consequences such as reduced daily fruit intake and increased consumption of less nutritious beverages (for example, sugar-sweetened beverages).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers Univ., 65 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, N.J., 08901, U.S.A
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Dept. Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition, North Carolina State Univ., 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, N.C., 28081, U.S.A
| | - Victor L Fulgoni
- Nutrition Impact, LLC, 9725 D Drive North, Battle Creek, Mich., 49014, U.S.A
| | - Robert Murray
- Dept. of Human Sciences, The Ohio State Univ., 1945 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Pivonka
- Produce for Better Health Foundation, 7465 Lancaster Pike, Suite J (2nd Floor), Hockessin, Del., 19707, U.S.A
| | - Taylor C Wallace
- Dept. of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason Univ., 10340 Democracy Lane, Suite 306, Fairfax, Va., 22030, U.S.A.,Think Healthy Group, LLC, 127 U Street NW, Wash., DC, 20001, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Endothelium-Dependent Vasorelaxant Effects of Dealcoholized Wine Powder of Wild Grape ( Vitis coignetiae) in the Rat Thoracic Aorta. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6846084. [PMID: 27840653 PMCID: PMC5093294 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6846084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The vasorelaxant effects of dealcoholized wild grape (Vitis coignetiae) wine were investigated with isolated rat thoracic aorta. In our present study, we demonstrate that wild grape wine powder (WGWP) induced relaxation of aortic rings preconstricted with norepinephrine in a dose-dependent manner (at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg/mL). The vasorelaxant effect of WGWP was dependent on intact endothelia, which was attenuated by incubation with inhibitors of endothelium-derived relaxing factors, such as NG-nitro-L-arginine (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), methylene blue (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), and indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor). Moreover, treatment with WGWP and atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) or diphenylhydramine (histamine receptor antagonist) significantly inhibited endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Our results suggest that WGWP induces relaxation in rat aortic rings in an endothelium-dependent manner. Results further indicate that this effect occurs via nitric oxide-cGMP pathway and prostacyclin-cAMP pathway through a muscarinic receptor and histamine receptor.
Collapse
|
22
|
Forte M, Conti V, Damato A, Ambrosio M, Puca AA, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Vecchione C, Carrizzo A. Targeting Nitric Oxide with Natural Derived Compounds as a Therapeutic Strategy in Vascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7364138. [PMID: 27651855 PMCID: PMC5019908 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7364138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the family of endogenous gasotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO) is the smallest gaseous intercellular messenger involved in the modulation of several processes, such as blood flow and platelet aggregation control, essential to maintain vascular homeostasis. NO is produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and its effects are mediated by cGMP-dependent or cGMP-independent mechanisms. Growing evidence suggests a crosstalk between the NO signaling and the occurrence of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of vascular diseases, such as hypertension, heart failure, ischemia, and stroke. For these reasons, NO is considered as an emerging molecular target for developing therapeutic strategies for cardio- and cerebrovascular pathologies. Several natural derived compounds, such as polyphenols, are now proposed as modulators of NO-mediated pathways. The aim of this review is to highlight the experimental evidence on the involvement of nitric oxide in vascular homeostasis focusing on the therapeutic potential of targeting NO with some natural compounds in patients with vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Antonio Damato
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Annibale A. Puca
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- IRCCS Neuromed, Vascular Physiopathology Unit, Pozzilli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Du G, Sun L, Zhao R, Du L, Song J, Zhang L, He G, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Polyphenols: Potential source of drugs for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:23-34. [PMID: 27113411 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are naturally present in plants, have been studied for their chemical and pharmacological properties. Polyphenols have been found to exhibit various bioactivities such as antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects, in addition to regulating the intracellular free calcium levels. These bioactivities are related to the underlying mechanisms of ischaemic heart diseases. Pharmacological studies have proven polyphenols to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases in various ways, particularly ischaemic heart diseases. Based on their mode of action, we propose that some polyphenols can be developed as drugs to treat ischaemic heart diseases. For this purpose, a strategy to evaluate the therapeutic value of drugs for ischaemic heart diseases is needed. Despite several advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the incidence of myocardial infarction and deaths due to cardiovascular diseases has not decreased markedly in China. Due to their pleiotropic properties and structural diversity, polyphenols have been of great interest in pharmacology. In the present review, we summarize the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of polyphenols reported after 2000, and we analyse the benefits or druggability of these compounds for ischaemic heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Lan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lida Du
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junke Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guorong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Juntian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
As flavonols are present in fruits and vegetables, they are consumed in considerable amounts in the diet. There is growing evidence that the well-recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasorelaxant actions of flavonols may, at least in part, result from modulation of biochemical signaling pathways and kinases. It is well established that diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite clinical management of blood glucose levels, diabetes often results in cardiovascular disease. There is good evidence that endothelial dysfunction contributes significantly to the progression of diabetic cardiovascular diseases. This review describes the biological actions of flavonols that may ameliorate adverse cardiovascular events in diabetes. We discuss evidence that flavonols may be developed as novel pharmacological agents to prevent diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ivory K, Prieto E, Spinks C, Armah CN, Goldson AJ, Dainty JR, Nicoletti C. Selenium supplementation has beneficial and detrimental effects on immunity to influenza vaccine in older adults. Clin Nutr 2015; 36:407-415. [PMID: 26803169 PMCID: PMC5381341 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mortality resulting from influenza (flu) virus infections occurs primarily in the elderly through declining immunity. Studies in mice have suggested beneficial effects of selenium (Se) supplementation on immunity to flu but similar evidence is lacking in humans. A dietary intervention study was therefore designed to test the effects of Se-supplementation on a variety of parameters of anti-flu immunity in healthy subjects aged 50-64 years. METHODS A 12-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.govNCT00279812) was undertaken in six groups of individuals with plasma Se levels <110 ng/mL. Four groups were given daily capsules of yeast enriched with 0 μg Se/day (SeY-0/d; n = 20), 50 μg Se/d (SeY-50/d; n = 18), 100 μg Se/d (SeY-100/d; n = 21) or 200 μg Se/d (SeY-200/d; n = 23). Two groups were given onion-containing meals with either <1 μg Se/d (SeO-0/d; n = 17) or 50 μg Se/d (SeO-50/d; n = 18). Flu vaccine was administrated at week 10 and immune parameters were assessed until week 12. RESULTS Primary study endpoints were changes in cellular and humoral immune responses. Supplementation with SeY and SeO affected different aspects of cellular immunity. SeY increased Tctx-ADCC cell counts in blood (214%, SeY-100/d) before flu vaccination and a dose-dependent increase in T cell proliferation (500%, SeY-50/100/200/d), IL-8 (169%, SeY-100/d) and IL-10 (317%, SeY-200/d) secretion after in vivo flu challenge. Positive effects were contrasted by lower granzyme B content of CD8 cells (55%, SeY-200/d). SeO (Se 50 μg/d) also enhanced T cell proliferation after vaccination (650%), IFN-γ (289%), and IL-8 secretion (139%), granzyme (209%) and perforin (190%) content of CD8 cells but inhibited TNF-α synthesis (42%). Onion on its own reduced the number of NKT cells in blood (38%). These effects were determined by comparison to group-specific baseline yeast or onion control groups. Mucosal flu-specific antibody responses were unaffected by Se-supplementation. CONCLUSION Se-supplementation in healthy human adults with marginal Se status resulted in both beneficial and detrimental effects on cellular immunity to flu that was affected by the form of Se, supplemental dose and delivery matrix. These observations call for a thorough evaluation of the risks and benefits associated with Se-supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ivory
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK.
| | - Elena Prieto
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK.
| | - Caroline Spinks
- Food and Health Program, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK.
| | | | - Andrew J Goldson
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK.
| | - Jack R Dainty
- Analytical Science Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Concord Grape Juice Polyphenols and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Dose-Response Relationships. Nutrients 2015; 7:10032-52. [PMID: 26633488 PMCID: PMC4690071 DOI: 10.3390/nu7125519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure fruit juices provide nutritional value with evidence suggesting some of their benefits on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk may be derived from their constituent polyphenols, particularly flavonoids. However, few data from clinical trials are available on the dose-response relationship of fruit juice flavonoids to these outcomes. Utilizing the results of clinical trials testing single doses, we have analyzed data from studies of 100% Concord grape juice by placing its flavonoid content in the context of results from randomized clinical trials of other polyphenol-rich foods and beverages describing the same outcomes but covering a broader range of intake. We selected established biomarkers determined by similar methods for measuring flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), blood pressure, platelet aggregation, and the resistance of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) to oxidation. Despite differences among the clinical trials in the treatment, subjects, and duration, correlations were observed between the dose and FMD. Inverse dose-response relationships, albeit with lower correlation coefficients, were also noted for the other outcomes. These results suggest a clear relationship between consumption of even modest serving sizes of Concord grape juice, flavonoid intake, and effects on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This approach to dose-response relationships may prove useful for testing other individual foods and beverages.
Collapse
|
27
|
Vascular Protective Effect of an Ethanol Extract of Camellia japonica Fruit: Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Coronary Artery and Reduction of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:6309565. [PMID: 26697138 PMCID: PMC4677229 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6309565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Camellia japonica is a popular garden plant in Asia and widely used as cosmetic sources and traditional medicine. However, the possibility that C. japonica affects cardiovascular system remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate vascular effects of an extract of C. japonica. Vascular reactivity was assessed in organ baths using porcine coronary arteries and inhibition of proliferation and migration were assessed using human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). All four different parts, leaf, stem, flower, and fruits, caused concentration-dependent relaxations and C. japonica fruit (CJF) extract showed the strongest vasorelaxation and its effect was endothelium dependent. Relaxations to CJF were markedly reduced by inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inhibitor of PI3-kinase, but not affected by inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated response. CJF induced activated a time- and concentration-dependent phosphorylation of eNOS in endothelial cells. Altogether, these studies have demonstrated that CJF is a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator and this effect was involved in, at least in part, PI3K-eNOS-NO pathway. Moreover, CJF attenuated TNF-α induced proliferation and PDGF-BB induced migration of VSMCs. The present findings indicate that CJF could be a valuable candidate of herbal medicine for cardiovascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Auger C, Pollet B, Arnold C, Marx C, Schini-Kerth VB. Great heterogeneity of commercial fruit juices to induce endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated porcine coronary arteries: role of the phenolic content and composition. J Med Food 2015; 18:128-36. [PMID: 25009961 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since polyphenol-rich products such as red wine, grape juice, and grape extracts have been shown to induce potent endothelium-dependent relaxations, we have evaluated whether commercial fruit juices such as those from berries are also able to induce endothelium-dependent relaxations of isolated coronary arteries and, if so, to determine whether this effect is related to their phenolic content. Among the 51 fruit juices tested, 2/12 grape juices, 3/7 blackcurrant juices, 4/5 cranberry juices, 1/6 apple juices, 0/5 orange juices, 2/6 red fruit and berry juices, 3/6 blends of red fruit juices, and 0/4 non-red fruit juices were able to induce relaxations achieving more than 50% at a volume of 1%. The active fruit juices had phenolic contents ranging from 0.31 to 1.86 g GAE/L, which were similar to those of most of the less active juices with the exception of one active grape juice (2.14 g GAE/L) and one active blend of red fruit juices (3.48 g GAE/L). Altogether, these findings indicate that very few commercial fruit juices have the ability to induce potent endothelium-dependent relaxations, and that this effect is not related to their quantitative phenolic content, but rather to their qualitative phenolic composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Auger
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratory of Biophotonics and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg , Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cardiac and Vascular Synergic Protective Effect of Olea europea L. Leaves and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Flower Extracts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:318125. [PMID: 26180582 PMCID: PMC4477181 DOI: 10.1155/2015/318125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the cardiovascular effects of an Olea europea L. leaf extract (OEE), of a Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower extract (HSE), and of their 13 : 2 w/w mixture in order to assess their cardiac and vascular activity. Both extracts were fully characterized in their bioactive compounds by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The study was performed using primary vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the antioxidant and cytoprotective effect of the extracts and their mixture and isolated guinea-pig left and right atria and aorta to evaluate the inotropic and chronotropic activities and vasorelaxant properties. In cultured HUVECs, OEE and HSE reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation and improved cell viability, following oxidative stress in dose-dependent manner. OEE and HSE exerted negative inotropic and vasorelaxant effects without any chronotropic property. Interestingly, the mixture exerted higher cytoprotective effects and antioxidant activities. Moreover, the mixture exerted an inotropic effect similar to each single extract, while it revealed an intrinsic negative chronotropic activity different from the single extract; its relaxant activity was higher than that of each single extract. In conclusion OEE and HSE mixture has a good potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical application, thanks to the synergistic effects of the single phytochemicals.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kline LW, Karpinski E. The Resveratrol-induced Relaxation of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide- or KCl-induced Tension in Male Guinea Pig Gallbladder Strips Is Mediated Through L-type Ca2+Channels. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 21:62-8. [PMID: 25537678 PMCID: PMC4288087 DOI: 10.5056/jnm14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic compound (stilbene) and a phytoalexin. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism which mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide- or KCl-induced tension in male guinea pig gallbladder strips. Methods Gallbladder strips were prepared and suspended in in vitro chambers filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The strips were attached to force displacement transducers, and the changes in tension were recorded on a polygraph. All reagents were added directly into the chambers. Results To determine if intracellular Ca2+ release mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced tension, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB) was used. 2-APB significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the amount of RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if protein kinase A (PKA) mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation, PKA inhibitor 14-22 amide myristolated (PKA-IM) was used. PKA-IM had no effect on resveratrol-induced relaxation. Neither KT5823, NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nor fulvestrant had a significant effect on the amount of resveratrol-induced relaxation. Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly (P < 0.01) increased the RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if protein kinase C mediated the RSVL-induced relaxation, the protein kinase C inhibitors bisindolymaleimide IV and chelerythrine Cl- were used together, and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in resveratrol-induced relaxation was observed. The pretreatment of the strips with resveratrol significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the amount of KCl- and cholecystokinin octapep-tide-induced tension. Conclusions Resveratrol-induced relaxation is mediated by its effects on L-type Ca2+ channels and intracellular Ca2+ release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loren W Kline
- Departments of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward Karpinski
- Departments of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Demir F, Güzel A, Kat C, Karadeniz C, Akdemir U, Okuyucu A, Gacar A, Özdemir S, Güvenç T. A combination of methylprednisolone and quercetin is effective for the treatment of cardiac contusion following blunt chest trauma in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2014; 47:766-72. [PMID: 25098616 PMCID: PMC4143204 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contusion is a potentially fatal complication of blunt chest trauma. The
effects of a combination of quercetin and methylprednisolone against trauma-induced
cardiac contusion were studied. Thirty-five female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided
into five groups (n=7) as follows: sham, cardiac contusion with no therapy, treated
with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg on the first day, and 3 mg/kg on the following
days), treated with quercetin (50 mg·kg−1·day−1), and treated
with a combination of methylprednisolone and quercetin. Serum troponin I (Tn-I) and
tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and cardiac histopathological findings
were evaluated. Tn-I and TNF-α levels were elevated after contusion (P=0.001 and
P=0.001). Seven days later, Tn-I and TNF-α levels decreased in the rats treated with
methylprednisolone, quercetin, and the combination of methylprednisolone and
quercetin compared to the rats without therapy, but a statistical significance was
found only with the combination therapy (P=0.001 and P=0.011, respectively).
Histopathological degeneration and necrosis scores were statistically lower in the
methylprednisolone and quercetin combination group compared to the group treated only
with methylprednisolone (P=0.017 and P=0.007, respectively). However, only
degeneration scores were lower in the combination therapy group compared to the group
treated only with quercetin (P=0.017). Inducible nitric oxide synthase positivity
scores were decreased in all treatment groups compared to the untreated groups
(P=0.097, P=0.026, and P=0.004, respectively). We conclude that a combination of
quercetin and methylprednisolone can be used for the specific treatment of cardiac
contusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Demir
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbak?r, Turkey
| | - A Güzel
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz May?s University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - C Kat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz May?s University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - C Karadeniz
- Pediatric Cardiology Services, Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, ?zmir, Turkey
| | - U Akdemir
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz May?s University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - A Okuyucu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz May?s University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - A Gacar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May?s University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Özdemir
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz May?s University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - T Güvenç
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz May?s University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Byun EB, Sung NY, Yang MS, Song DS, Byun EH, Kim JK, Park JH, Song BS, Lee JW, Park SH, Byun MW, Kim JH. Procyanidin C1 causes vasorelaxation through activation of the endothelial NO/cGMP pathway in thoracic aortic rings. J Med Food 2014; 17:742-8. [PMID: 24971771 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of procyanidin C1 (Pro C1) for modulating vascular tone. Pro C1 induced a potent vasorelaxant effect on phenylephrine-constricted endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings, but had no effect on denuded thoracic aortic rings. Moreover, Pro C1 caused a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells. Pro C1-induced vasorelaxation and Pro C1-induced NO production were significantly decreased in the presence of a nonspecific potassium channel blocker (tetraethylammonium chloride [TEA]), an endothelial NO synthase inhibitor (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine [L-NMMA]), and a store-operated calcium entry inhibitor (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate [2-APB]). Pro C1-induced vasorelaxation was also completely abolished by an inhibitor of soluble guanyl cyclase, which suggests that the Pro C1 effects observed involved cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production. Interestingly, Pro C1 significantly enhanced basal cGMP levels. Taken together, these results indicate that Pro C1-induced vasorelaxation is associated with the activation of the calcium-dependent NO/cGMP pathway, involving potassium channel activation. Thus, Pro C1 may represent a novel and potentially therapeutically relevant compound for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- 1 Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute , Jeongeup, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu BS, Choi MS, Lim DY. Depressor action and vasorelaxation of methylene chloride fraction extracted from Rubus coreanum. Clin Hypertens 2014; 20:6. [PMID: 26893911 PMCID: PMC4745144 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-014-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study was designed to examine whether methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) fraction extracted from Rubus coreanum affects the contractility of the isolated thoracic aortic strips and blood pressure of normotensive rats. Methods One of the common carotid arteries or of the femoral arteries was catheterized with a polyethylene tubing. The tubing was connected to a pressure transducer, and pulse of the mean arterial blood pressure was recorded on a biological polygraph continuously. Results The CH2Cl2 fraction (range, 200 to 800 μg/mL) significantly depressed both phenylephrine (PE, 10 μM)- and high K+ (56 mM)-induced contractile responses of the isolated thoracic aortic strips in a concentration-dependent fashion. In the simultaneous presence of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (an inhibitor of nitric oxide [NO] synthase, 300 μM) and the CH2Cl2 fraction (400 μg/mL), both PE- and high K+-induced contractile responses were recovered to the significant level of the corresponding control response in comparison with inhibition of CH2Cl2 fraction treatment alone. Moreover, in the simultaneous presence of the CH2Cl2 fraction after pretreatment with 0.4% CHAPS (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate), both PE- and high K+-induced contractile responses were recovered to the significant level of the corresponding control response compared to the inhibitory response of CH2Cl2 fraction treatment alone. Also, in anesthetized rats, the CH2Cl2 fraction (range, 0.3 to 3.0 mg/kg) injected into a femoral vein dose-dependently produced depressor responses. This hypotensive action of the CH2Cl2 fraction was greatly inhibited after treatment with phentolamine (1 mg/kg), chlorisondamine (1 mg/kg), L-NAME (3 mg/kg/30 min), or sodium nitroprusside (30 μg/kg/30 min). Intravenous infusion of the CH2Cl2 fraction (range, 1.0 to 10.0 mg/kg/30 min) markedly inhibited norepinephrine-induced pressor responses. Discussion Taken together, these results demonstrate that the CH2Cl2 fraction causes vascular relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aortic strips as well as hypotensive action in anesthetized rats. These vasorelaxation and hypotension of the CH2Cl2 fraction seem to be mediated at least by the increased NO production through the activation of NO synthase of the vascular endothelium and the inhibitory adrenergic modulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40885-014-0006-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Sik Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mee-Sung Choi
- Department of Leisure and Sport, College of Public Health and Welfare, Dongshin University, Naju, Korea
| | - Dong-Yoon Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds found in foods such as tea, coffee, cocoa, olive oil, and red wine and have been studied to determine if their intake may modify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Historically, biologic actions of polyphenols have been attributed to antioxidant activities, but recent evidence suggests that immunomodulatory and vasodilatory properties of polyphenols may also contribute to CVD risk reduction. These properties will be discussed, and recent epidemiological evidence and intervention trials will be reviewed. Further identification of polyphenols in foods and accurate assessment of exposures through measurement of biomarkers (i.e., polyphenol metabolites) could provide the needed impetus to examine the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on CVD intermediate outcomes (especially those signifying chronic inflammation) and hard endpoints among high risk patients. Although we have mechanistic insight into how polyphenols may function in CVD risk reduction, further research is needed before definitive recommendations for consumption can be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy C Tangney
- Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren, Ste 425, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alhosin M, Anselm E, Rashid S, Kim JH, Madeira SVF, Bronner C, Schini-Kerth VB. Redox-sensitive up-regulation of eNOS by purple grape juice in endothelial cells: role of PI3-kinase/Akt, p38 MAPK, JNK, FoxO1 and FoxO3a. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57883. [PMID: 23533577 PMCID: PMC3606366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular protective effect of grape-derived polyphenols has been attributable, in part, to their direct action on blood vessels by stimulating the endothelial formation of nitric oxide (NO). The aim of the present study was to determine whether Concord grape juice (CGJ), which contains high levels of polyphenols, stimulates the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in porcine coronary artery endothelial cells and, if so, to determine the signaling pathway involved. CGJ dose- and time-dependently increased eNOS mRNA and protein levels and this effect is associated with an increased formation of NO in endothelial cells. The stimulatory effect of CGJ on eNOS mRNA is not associated with an increased eNOS mRNA stability and inhibited by antioxidants such as MnTMPyP, PEG-catalase, and catalase, and by wortmannin (an inhibitor of PI3-kinase), SB 203580 (an inhibitor of p38 MAPK), and SP 600125 (an inhibitor of JNK). Moreover, CGJ induced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endothelial cells and this effect is inhibited by MnTMPyP, PEG-catalase, and catalase. The CGJ-induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK kinases is abolished by MnTMPyP. CGJ induced phosphorylation of transcription factors FoxO1 and FoxO3a, which regulate negatively eNOS expression, and this effect is prevented by MnTMPyP, PEG-catalase, wortmannin, SB203580 and SP600125. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that the FoxO3a protein is associated with the eNOS promoter in control cells and that CGJ induced its dissociation. Thus, the present study indicates that CGJ up-regulates the expression of eNOS mRNA and protein leading to an increased formation of NO in endothelial cells. The stimulatory effect of CGJ is a redox-sensitive event involving PI3-kinase/Akt, p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, and the inactivation of the FoxO transcription factors, FoxO1 and FoxO3a, thereby preventing their repression of the eNOS gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alhosin
- CNRS UMR 7213 Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Appropriate long-term drinking of red wine is associated with a reduced risk for lifestyle-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, making resveratrol, a constituent of grapes and various other plants, an attractive compound to be studied. Historically, resveratrol has been identified as a phytoalexin, antioxidant, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activator, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inducer, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) activator, and more. Despite scepticism concerning the biological availability of resveratrol, a growing body of in vivo evidence indicates that resveratrol has protective effects in several stress and disease models. Here, we provide a review of the studies on resveratrol, especially with respect to COX, PPAR, and eNOS activities, and discuss its potential for promoting human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mudnic I, Budimir D, Modun D, Gunjaca G, Generalic I, Skroza D, Katalinic V, Ljubenkov I, Boban M. Antioxidant and vasodilatory effects of blackberry and grape wines. J Med Food 2011; 15:315-21. [PMID: 22082099 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the well-described various biological effects of grape wines, the potential effects of commonly consumed blackberry wine have not been studied. We examined in vitro antioxidant and vasodilatory effects of four blackberry wines and compared them with the effects of two red and two white grape wines. Although some blackberry wines had lower total phenolic content relative to the red grape wines, their antioxidant capacity was stronger, which may be related to a higher content of non-flavonoid compounds (most notably gallic acid) in blackberry wines. Although maximal vasodilation induced by blackberry wines was generally similar to that of red wines, blackberry wines were less potent vasodilators. Vasodilatory activity of all wines, in addition to their flavonoid and total phenolic content, was most significantly associated with their content of anthocyanins. No association of vasodilation with any individual polyphenolic compound was found. Our results indicate the biological potential of blackberry wines, which deserves deeper scientific attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mudnic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kondratyuk TP, Park EJ, Marler LE, Ahn S, Yuan Y, Choi Y, Yu R, van Breemen RB, Sun B, Hoshino J, Cushman M, Jermihov KC, Mesecar AD, Grubbs CJ, Pezzuto JM. Resveratrol derivatives as promising chemopreventive agents with improved potency and selectivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1249-65. [PMID: 21714126 PMCID: PMC4135049 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Despite scores of investigations, the actual impact of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) on human health, as a dietary component or supplement, remains moot. This is due to many factors, such as relatively low potency, pleiotropic mechanisms, and rapid metabolism. Nonetheless, as a promiscuous molecule that interacts with numerous targets, resveratrol can be viewed as a scaffold for designing structural relatives potentially capable of mediating more intense responses with greater mechanistic stringency. METHODS AND RESULTS We currently report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 92 stilbene analogs. The compounds were tested with in vitro assays for activation of quinone reductase 1, inhibition of quinone reductase 2, nitric oxide production, aromatase, NFκB, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase, or cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, quenching of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical, interaction with estrogen receptors, and as antiproliferative agents. Several compounds were found to mediate responses with much greater potency than resveratrol; some mediated pleiotropic responses, as is the case with the parent molecule, but others were highly specific or totally inactive. When administered to rats, higher serum concentrations and greater stability was demonstrated with prototype lead molecules. CONCLUSION Owing to structural simplicity, facile syntheses are available for large-scale production. These data support the promise of more advanced development of novel resveratrol derivatives as drug entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Laura E. Marler
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Soyoun Ahn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Juma Hoshino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Katherine C. Jermihov
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Andrew D. Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Clinton J. Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, Chemoprevention Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bhanot A, Shri R. A comparative profile of methanol extracts of Allium cepa and Allium sativum in diabetic neuropathy in mice. Pharmacognosy Res 2011; 2:374-84. [PMID: 21713142 PMCID: PMC3111698 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.75460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of uncontrolled diabetes. This may result from increased oxidative stress that accompanies diabetes. Hence plants with antioxidant action play an important role in management of diabetes and its complications. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to evaluate preventive as well as curative effect of methanol extracts of outer scales and edible portions of two plants with established antioxidant action - Allium cepa and Allium sativum, in induced DN in albino mice. Mice were divided into control, diabetic and test extracts treated groups. Test extracts were administered daily at a dose of 200 mg/kg p.o. for 21 days, in the preventive group prior to onset of DN, and in the curative group after the onset of DN. Hyperalgesia and oxidative stress markers were assessed. STZ-diabetic mice showed a significant thermal hyperalgesia (as assessed by the tail-flick test), indicating development of DN. Results: Treatment with test extracts prevented loss in body weight, decreased plasma glucose level, and significantly ameliorated the hyperalgesia, TBARS, serum nitrite and GSH levels in diabetic mice. Conclusion: Methanol extract of outer scales of onion has shown most significant improvement; may be due to higher content of phenolic compounds in outer scales of A. cepa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bhanot
- Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial (ASBASJSM) College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar - 1401 11, Punjab, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chiou WF, Chen CC, Wei BL. 3,4-Di-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid Inhibits Angiotensin-II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Downregulating the JNK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:634502. [PMID: 19752164 PMCID: PMC3136752 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CQC) protected vascular endothelial cells against oxidative stress and restored impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Here, we further investigated its anti-atherosclerotic effect against angiotensin II (Ang II) evoked proliferation and migration of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (rVSMC). The results showed CQC (1–20 μM) clearly inhibited Ang-II-stimulated BrdU incorporation and cell migration of rVSMC in a concentration-dependent manner but without significant cytotoxicity. Western blot analysis revealed Ang II increased the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs;p38, ERK1/2 and JNK) in rVSMC. In the presence of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin and three individual MAPK inhibitors SB203580, PD98059 and SP600125, both Ang-II-induced cell proliferation and migration were significantly attenuated, although to differing extents, suggesting the PI3K and MAPK signal pathways all participated in regulating rVSMC proliferation and migration. Also, the CQC pretreatment markedly suppressed Ang-II-induced phosphorylation of Akt and JNK rather than ERK1/2, although it failed to affect p38 phosphorylation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate CQC may act by down-regulating Akt, JNK and part of the ERK1/2 pathways to inhibit Ang-II-induced rVSMC proliferation and migration. The anti-atherosclerotic effect of CQC is achieved either by endothelial cells protection or by VSMC proliferation/migration inhibition, suggesting this compound may be useful in preventing vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fei Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Auger C, Kim JH, Trinh S, Chataigneau T, Popken AM, Schini-Kerth VB. Fruit juice-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated porcine coronary arteries: evaluation of different fruit juices and purees and optimization of a red fruit juice blend. Food Funct 2011; 2:245-50. [PMID: 21779562 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10040h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that several polyphenol-rich sources such as red wine and green tea are potent inducers of endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated arteries. As various fruits and berries are known to contain high levels of polyphenols, the aim of the present study was to assess the ability of selected pure fruit juices and purees as well as blends to cause endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated arteries. Vascular reactivity was assessed using porcine coronary artery rings, and fruit juices, purees and blends were characterized for their content in vitamin C, total phenolic, sugar and antioxidant activity. Fruit juices and purees caused variable concentration-dependent relaxations, with blackcurrant, aronia, cranberry, blueberry, lingonberry, and grape being the most effective fruits. Several blends of red fruits caused endothelium-dependent relaxations. Relaxations to blend D involved both a NO- and an EDHF-mediated components. The present findings indicate that some berries and blends of red fruit juices are potent inducers of endothelium-dependent relaxations in the porcine coronary artery. This effect involves both endothelium-derived NO and EDHF, and appears to be dependent on their polyphenolic composition rather than on the polyphenolic content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Auger
- UMR CNRS 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Byun EB, Korematsu S, Ishikawa T, Nishizuka T, Ohshima S, Kanda T, Matsui T. Apple procyanidins induce hyperpolarization of rat aorta endothelial cells via activation of K+ channels. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:278-86. [PMID: 21543207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apple procyanidins (AP), one of the polyphenol-rich compounds, showed an endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation in rat aorta, but the mechanisms of beneficial effects are still unclear. The present study was designed to clarify the potential role of AP in rat aorta endothelial cells (RAECs). The treatment of RAECs with AP (1-10 μg/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent hyperpolarization with a maximum effect at 10 μg/ml, and for this reason, AP (10 μg/ml) was used in all the following experiments. AP-induced hyperpolarization was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of nonspecific K(+) inhibitor, tetraethyl ammonium chloride or specific K(+) channel inhibitors, iberiotoxin, glibenclamide, 4-aminopyridine and BaCl(2), as well as by high KCl or Ca(2+)-free solution. AP-induced hyperpolarization was also proved using 64-channel multielectrode dish system that can monitor a direct and real-time change of membrane potential. Furthermore, AP treatment caused a significant increase of nitric oxide (NO) production and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels via endothelial NO synthase messenger RNA expression. The NO production was inhibited by N(G)-monoethyl-l-arginine or Ca(2+)-free solution and was completely abolished by their combination. Also, AP inhibited endothelial proliferation, while the effect was significantly abolished by N(G)-monoethyl-l-arginine or tetraethyl ammonium chloride. These findings suggest that AP induces both hyperpolarization of RAECs via multiple activation of K(+) channels and activation of NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway via increasing NO production or is responsible for antiangiogenic effect. Diminishment of hyperpolarization as well as NO production of AP in Ca(2+)-free solution implicated that AP would play a crucial role in promoting Ca(2+) influx into endothelial cells so as to promote both actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Baek Byun
- Division of Bioresources and Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cassidy A, O'Reilly ÉJ, Kay C, Sampson L, Franz M, Forman JP, Curhan G, Rimm EB. Habitual intake of flavonoid subclasses and incident hypertension in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:338-47. [PMID: 21106916 PMCID: PMC3021426 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.006783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary flavonoids have beneficial effects on blood pressure in intervention settings, but there is limited information on habitual intake and risk of hypertension in population-based studies. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between habitual flavonoid intake and incident hypertension in a prospective study in men and women. DESIGN A total of 87,242 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) II, 46,672 women from the NHS I, and 23,043 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) participated in the study. Total flavonoid and subclass intakes were calculated from semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires collected every 4 y by using an updated and extended US Department of Agriculture database. RESULTS During 14 y of follow-up, 29,018 cases of hypertension in women and 5629 cases of hypertension in men were reported. In pooled multivariate-adjusted analyses, participants in the highest quintile of anthocyanin intake (predominantly from blueberries and strawberries) had an 8% reduction in risk of hypertension [relative risk (RR): 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98; P < 0.03] compared with that for participants in the lowest quintile of anthocyanin intake; the risk reduction was 12% (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.93; P < 0.001) in participants ≤60 y of age and 0.96 (0.91, 1.02) in participants >60 y of age (P for age interaction = 0.02). Although intakes of other subclasses were not associated with hypertension, pooled analyses for individual compounds suggested a 5% (95% CI: 0.91, 0.99; P = 0.005) reduction in risk for the highest compared with the lowest quintiles of intake of the flavone apigenin. In participants ≤60 y of age, a 6% (95% CI: 0.88, 0.97; P = 0.002) reduction in risk was observed for the flavan-3-ol catechin when the highest and the lowest quintiles were compared. CONCLUSIONS Anthocyanins and some flavone and flavan-3-ol compounds may contribute to the prevention of hypertension. These vasodilatory properties may result from specific structural similarities (including the B-ring hydroxylation and methyoxylation pattern).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aedín Cassidy
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Polyphenols and human health: prevention of disease and mechanisms of action. Nutrients 2010; 2:1106-31. [PMID: 22254000 PMCID: PMC3257622 DOI: 10.3390/nu2111106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are found ubiquitously in plants and their regular consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of a number of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and neurodegenerative disorders. Rather than exerting direct antioxidant effects, the mechanisms by which polyphenols express these beneficial properties appear to involve their interaction with cellular signaling pathways and related machinery that mediate cell function under both normal and pathological conditions. We illustrate that their interactions with two such pathways, the MAP kinase (ERK, JNK, p38) and PI3 kinase/Akt signaling cascades, allow them to impact upon normal and abnormal cell function, thus influencing the cellular processes involved in the initiation and progression of cancer, CVD and neurodegeneration. For example, their ability to activate ERK in neurons leads to a promotion of neuronal survival and cognitive enhancements, both of which influence the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, whilst ERK activation by polyphenols in vascular endothelial cells influences nitric oxide production, blood pressure and ultimately CVD risk. The main focus of this review is to provide an overview of the role that polyphenols play in the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. We present epidemiological data, human intervention study findings, as well as animal and in vitro studies in support of these actions and in each case we consider how their actions at the cellular level may underpin their physiological effects.
Collapse
|
45
|
Khandelwal AR, Hebert VY, Dugas TR. Essential role of ER-alpha-dependent NO production in resveratrol-mediated inhibition of restenosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1451-8. [PMID: 20709862 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00369.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Resv), a red wine polyphenol, is known to exhibit vascular protective effects and reduce vascular smooth muscle cell mitogenesis. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of restenosis, the renarrowing of vessels that often occurs after angioplasty and/or stent implantation. Although Resv has been shown to be an estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, the role of the ER in Resv-mediated protection against restenosis has not yet been elucidated in vivo. Therefore, with the use of a mouse carotid artery injury model, our objective was to determine the role of ER in modulating Resv-mediated effects on neointimal hyperplasia. Female wild-type and ER-α(-/-) mice were administered a high-fat diet ± Resv for 2 wk. A carotid artery endothelial denudation procedure was conducted, and the mice were administered a high-fat diet ± Resv for an additional 2 wk. Resv-treated wild-type mice exhibited a dramatic decrease in restenosis, with an increased arterial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity and NO production. However, in the ER-α(-/-) mice, Resv failed to afford protection and failed to increase NO production, apparently because of a decreased availability of the NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. To verify the role of NO in Resv-mediated effects, mice were coadministered Resv plus a nonselective NOS inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Cotreatment with l-NAME significantly attenuated the antirestenotic properties of Resv. These data thus suggest that Resv inhibits vascular proliferative responses after injury, predominately through an ER-α-dependent increase in NO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Khandelwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71103, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Khoo NKH, White CR, Pozzo-Miller L, Zhou F, Constance C, Inoue T, Patel RP, Parks DA. Dietary flavonoid quercetin stimulates vasorelaxation in aortic vessels. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:339-47. [PMID: 20423726 PMCID: PMC2900862 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Considerable epidemiological evidence indicates that dietary consumption of moderate levels of polyphenols decreases both the incidence of cardiovascular disease and the mortality associated with myocardial infarction. Molecular mechanisms of this cardiovascular protection remain uncertain but can involve changes in rates of nitric oxide (NO) generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). We examined the vascular responses to quercetin using a combination of biochemical and vessel function criteria. Quercetin treatment for 30min enhanced relaxation of rat aortic ring segments. Moreover, the addition of L-NAME (100muM) or charybdotoxin (ChTx) blocked quercetin-mediated vasorelaxation thus demonstrating the effect was partially dependent on NOS and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Additionally, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) treated with quercetin showed a rapid increase of intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations as well as a dose- and time-dependent stimulation of eNOS phosphorylation with a concomitant increase in NO production. These results demonstrate that quercetin-mediated stimulation of eNOS phosphorylation increases NO bioavailability in endothelial cells and can thus play a role in the vascular protective effects associated with improved endothelial cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K H Khoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2172, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Namkung W, Thiagarajah JR, Phuan PW, Verkman AS. Inhibition of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels by gallotannins as a possible molecular basis for health benefits of red wine and green tea. FASEB J 2010; 24:4178-86. [PMID: 20581223 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-160648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
TMEM16A was found recently to be a calcium-activated Cl(-) channel (CaCC). CaCCs perform important functions in cell physiology, including regulation of epithelial secretion, cardiac and neuronal excitability, and smooth muscle contraction. CaCC modulators are of potential utility for treatment of hypertension, diarrhea, and cystic fibrosis. Screening of drug and natural product collections identified tannic acid as an inhibitor of TMEM16A, with IC(50) ∼ 6 μM and ∼100% inhibition at higher concentrations. Tannic acid inhibited CaCCs in multiple cell types but did not affect CFTR Cl(-) channels. Structure-activity analysis indicated the requirement of gallic or digallic acid substituents on a macromolecular scaffold (gallotannins), as are present in green tea and red wine. Other polyphenolic components of teas and wines, including epicatechin, catechin, and malvidin-3-glucoside, poorly inhibited CaCCs. Remarkably, a 1000-fold dilution of red wine and 100-fold dilution of green tea inhibited CaCCs by >50%. Tannic acid, red wine, and green tea inhibited arterial smooth muscle contraction and intestinal Cl(-) secretion. Gallotannins are thus potent CaCC inhibitors whose biological activity provides a potential molecular basis for the cardioprotective and antisecretory benefits of red wine and green tea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Namkung
- Department of Medicine , University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0521, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Auger C, Chaabi M, Anselm E, Lobstein A, Schini-Kerth VB. The red wine extract-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is mediated by a great variety of polyphenolic compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 2:S171-83. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Kaul S, Belcik T, Kalvaitis S, Jayaweera AR, Choi SW, Wei K. Effect of modest alcohol consumption over 1-2 weeks on the coronary microcirculation of normal subjects. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 2010; 11:683-9. [PMID: 20378684 DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS It has been reported that imbibing red wine increases coronary blood flow reserve acutely. In the absence of changes in coronary driving pressure, any increases in coronary blood flow reserve should occur through a decrease in capillary resistance, which in turn is determined by capillary dimensions and whole-blood viscosity. Since alcohol intake is unlikely to acutely change capillary dimensions, we hypothesized that it must increase coronary blood flow reserve by reducing whole-blood viscosity. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-five normal subjects were randomly assigned to water (n = 12), vodka (n = 11), white wine (n = 11), and red wine (n = 11). Myocardial blood flow reserve was measured at baseline and after up to 2 weeks of beverage consumption using myocardial contrast echocardiography. In addition, whole-blood viscosity and its principal determinants (haematocrit; erythrocyte deformability, mobility, and charge; plasma fibrinogen; and total serum protein, glucose, and lipids) were also measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate did not change between the two examinations either at rest or following dipyridamole infusion. Neither did myocardial blood flow reserve nor whole-blood viscosity or any of its determinants. Only high-density lipoprotein-2 increased for all alcohol consumers (12.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 10.9 +/- 4.7, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION It is concluded that modest alcohol consumption for up to 2 weeks does not increase myocardial blood flow reserve. It also does not alter whole-blood viscosity or any of its principal determinants. Therefore, the beneficial cardiovascular effects of modest alcohol consumption over 1-2 weeks cannot be attributed either to its effect on the coronary microcirculation or haemorheology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kaul
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, UHN 62, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang J, Wang N, Li J, Zhang J, Feng P. Effects of resveratrol on NO secretion stimulated by insulin and its dependence on SIRT1 in high glucose cultured endothelial cells. Endocrine 2010; 37:365-72. [PMID: 20960276 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of resveratrol on the secretion of NO induced by insulin in high glucose cultured primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were treated with 1 μmol/l resveratrol for 24 h before cultured in high glucose medium for 48 h, then all cells were stimulated by 100 nmol/l insulin for 30 min. Method based on nitric acid reductase was used to analyze the NO contents in the supernatant. Cells were collected to analyze the expression of eNOS, endothelin-1, E-selectin, and SIRT1. In order to investigate the dependence of resveratrol on SIRT1, the effects of resveratrol on cells treated by SIRT1 siRNA were also examined. Compared with control cells, high glucose decreased the secretion of NO induced by insulin. Resveratrol treatment increased the expression of SIRT1 and the secretion of NO. After interfering the expression of SIRT1 using SIRT1 siRNA, the effects of resveratrol on the NO secretion induced by insulin was impaired. Resveratrol also counteracted other pro-atherosclerotic effects of high glucose, including the up-regulating roles of high glucose on the expression of endothelin-1 mRNA and E-selectin mRNA, and the down-regulating roles of high glucose on the expression of eNOS mRNA and the basal NO secretion without the stimulating of insulin. Resveratrol can improve the NO stimulating function of insulin in high glucose cultured HUVEC in SIRT1-dependent manner. Thus, our results imply that resveratrol may have the preventive roles of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Yang
- Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|