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Wang J, Yang Y, Zheng M, Zhang L, Wulasihan M. Atrial natriuretic peptide T2238C gene polymorphism and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: A meta‑analysis. Biomed Rep 2024; 20:41. [PMID: 38357235 PMCID: PMC10865291 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) T2238C (rs5065) gene polymorphism and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Relevant literature was obtained by searching databases. The odds ratios (ORs) of the ANP T2238C locus genotype distribution in the case group of cardiovascular diseases and the control group of a non-cardiovascular population were pooled using R software. Sensitivity analysis was used to verify the stability of the results. Egger's linear regression test was used to assess the publication bias of the included literature. Studies were classified according to quality assessment score of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, year, region, sample size and underlying disease for subgroup analysis, and meta-regression analysis was performed. A total of 12 studies comprising 45,619 patients were included. ANP rs5065 mutant gene C allele was a significant risk factor for myocardial infarction relative to T allele (OR=2.55, 95% CI=1.47-4.43, P=0.0008), CC+CT genotype was a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular events relative to TT (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.04-1.26, P=0.0048) and the mutant CC genotype was a potential risk factor for the composite cardio-cerebral vascular events (CVE) relative to CT+TT (OR=1.40, 95% CI=0.96-2.04, P=0.081). In studies fulfilling the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the CC genotype was a significant risk factor for the composite CVE relative to TT (OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.40-4.10, P=0.0018) and the CC genotype was a significant risk factor for composite CVE relative to CT+TT (OR=2.41, 95% CI=1.41-4.13, P=0.0015). The P-value of the Egger's test for publication bias was 0.436, which was not statistically significant. The results of the sensitivity analysis were relatively stable. Subgroup analysis indicated that the publication year was a potential source of heterogeneity. Regression analysis was performed for the recessive model in the composite CVE and the results showed that the study region (Europe) was one of the sources of heterogeneity (P=0.016). In conclusion, ANP 2238T/C mutation may increase the risk of myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular events and composite CVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
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Monosilio S, Filomena D, Luongo F, Sannino M, Cimino S, Neccia M, Mariani MV, Birtolo LI, Benedetti G, Tonti G, Pedrizzetti G, Vizza CD, Maestrini V, Agati L. Cardiac and Vascular Remodeling After 6 Months of Therapy With Sacubitril/Valsartan: Mechanistic Insights From Advanced Echocardiographic Analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:883769. [PMID: 35665260 PMCID: PMC9157573 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.883769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan (S/V) on left ventricular (LV) mechanics and ventricular-arterial coupling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate both cardiac and vascular remodeling in a group of HFrEF patients undergoing S/V therapy. Methods Fifty HFrEF patients eligible to start a therapy with S/V were enrolled. Echocardiographic evaluation was performed at baseline and after 6 months of follow-up (FU). Beside standard evaluation, including global longitudinal strain (GLS), estimated hemodynamic forces (HDFs) and non-invasive pressure-volume curves (PV loop) were assessed using dedicated softwares. HDFs were evaluated over the entire cardiac cycle, in systole and diastole, both in apex to base (A-B) and latero-septal (L-S) directions. The distribution of LV HDFs was evaluated by L-S over A-B HDFs ratio (L-S/A-B HDFs ratio). Parameters derived from estimated PV loop curves were left ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees), arterial elastance (Ea), and ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC). Results At 6 months of FU indexed left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes decreased (EDVi: 101 ± 28 mL vs. 86 ± 30 mL, p < 0.001; ESVi: 72 ± 23 mL vs. 55 ± 24 mL, p < 0.001), ejection fraction and GLS significantly improved (EF: 29 ± 6% vs. 37 ± 7%, p < 0.001; GLS: −9 ± 3% vs. −13 ± 4%, p < 0.001). A reduction of Ea (2.11 ± 0.91 mmHg/mL vs. 1.72 ± 0.44 mmHg/mL, p = 0.008) and an improvement of Ees (1.01 ± 0.37 mmHg/mL vs. 1.35 ± 0.6 mmHg/mL, p < 0.001) and VAC (2.3 ± 1.1 vs. 1.5 ± 0.7, p < 0.001) were observed. Re-alignment of HDFs occurred, with a reduction of diastolic L-S/A-B HDFs ratio [23 (20–35)% vs. 20 (11–28) %, p < 0.001]. Conclusion S/V therapy leads to a complex phenomenon of reverse remodeling involving increased myocardial contractility, HDFs distribution improvement, and afterload reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Monosilio
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Filomena
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Luongo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Sannino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cimino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Neccia
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Valerio Mariani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ilaria Birtolo
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Benedetti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonti
- Cardiology Division, ‘G. D'Annunzio’ University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianni Pedrizzetti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Agati
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luciano Agati
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Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors: Comprehensive review and implications in hypertension treatment. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1239-1250. [PMID: 34290389 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs) are a new class of cardiovascular agents characterized by their dual action on the major regulators of the cardiovascular system, including the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the natriuretic peptide (NP) system. The apparent clinical benefit of one ARNI, sacubitril/valsartan, as shown in clinical trials, has positioned the drug class as a first-line therapy in patients with heart failure, particularly with reduced ejection fraction. Accumulating evidence also suggests that sacubitril/valsartan is superior to conventional RAS blockers in lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. To decide whether to apply an ARNI to treat hypertension clinically, it is important to understand the potential properties of the drug in modulating multiple factors inside and outside the cardiovascular system beyond its effect on reducing peripheral blood pressure. In this context, ARNIs are distinct from preexisting antihypertensive medications in terms of the multiple actions of NPs in various organs and the pharmacological potential of neprilysin inhibitors to modulate multiple cardiac and noncardiac peptides. In particular, analysis of the clinical trials of sacubitril/valsartan implies that ARNIs can provide additional clinical benefits independent of their original purpose, including alleviation of glycemic control and renal impairment in patients with heart failure. Understanding the potential mechanisms of action of ARNIs will help interpret the relevance of their additional benefits beyond lowering blood pressure in hypertension. This review summarizes the comprehensive clinical evidence and relevance of ARNIs by specifically focusing on the potential properties of this new drug class in treating patients with hypertension.
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Abstract
The intracellular nucleotide cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is found in many human organ tissues. Its concentration increases in response to the activation of receptor enzymes called guanylyl cyclases (GCs). Different ligands bind GCs, generating the second messenger cGMP, which in turn leads to a variety of biological actions. A deficit or dysfunction of this pathway at the cardiac, vascular, and renal levels manifests in cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, arterial hypertension, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. An impairment of the cGMP pathway also may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity as well as dementia. Therefore, agents enhancing the generation of cGMP for the treatment of these conditions have been intensively studied. Some have already been approved, and others are currently under investigation. This review discusses the potential of novel drugs directly or indirectly targeting cGMP as well as the progress of research to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Buglioni
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; ,
| | - John C Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; ,
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Buglioni A, Burnett JC. Pathophysiology and the cardiorenal connection in heart failure. Circulating hormones: biomarkers or mediators. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 443:3-8. [PMID: 25445413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by a complex pathophysiology which involves multiple organ systems, with the kidney playing a major role. HF can present with reduced ejection fraction (EF), HFrEF, or with preserved EF (HFpEF). The interplay between diverse organ systems contributing to HF is mediated by the activation of counteracting neurohormonal pathways focused to re-establishing hemodynamic homeostasis. During early stages of HF, these biochemical signals, consisting mostly of hormones and neurotransmitters secreted by a variety of cell types, are compensatory and the patient is asymptomatic. However, with disease progression, the attempt to reverse or delay cardiac dysfunction is deleterious, leading to multi-organ congestion, fibrosis and decompensation and finally symptomatic HF. In conclusion, these neurohormonal pathways mediate the evolution of HF and have become a way to monitor HF. Specifically, these mediators have become important in the diagnosis and prognosis of this highly fatal cardiovascular disease. Finally, while these multiple neurohumoral factors serve as important HF biomarkers, they can also be targeted for more effective and curative HF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Buglioni
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - John C Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Ichiki T, Izumi R, Cataliotti A, Larsen AM, Sandberg SM, Burnett JC. Endothelial permeability in vitro and in vivo: protective actions of ANP and omapatrilat in experimental atherosclerosis. Peptides 2013; 48:21-6. [PMID: 23927843 PMCID: PMC3787947 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased arterial endothelial cell permeability (ECP) is considered an initial step in atherosclerosis. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) which is rapidly degraded by neprilysin (NEP) may reduce injury-induced endothelial cell leakiness. Omapatrilat represents a first in class of pharmacological agents which inhibits both NEP and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). We hypothesized that ANP prevents thrombin-induced increases of ECP in human aortic ECs (HAECs) and that omapatrilat would reduce aortic leakiness and atherogenesis and enhance ANP mediated vasorelaxation of isolated aortas. Thrombin induced ECP determined by I(125) albumin flux was assessed in HAECs with and without ANP pretreatment. Next we examined the effects of chronic oral administration of omapatrilat (12 mg/kg/day, n=13) or placebo (n=13) for 8 weeks on aortic leakiness, atherogenesis and ANP-mediated vasorelaxation in isolated aortas in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis produced by high cholesterol diet. In HAECs, thrombin-induced increases in ECP were prevented by ANP. Omapatrilat reduced the area of increased aortic leakiness determined by Evans-blue dye and area of atheroma formation assessed by Oil-Red staining compared to placebo. In isolated arterial rings, omapatrilat enhanced vasorelaxation to ANP compared to placebo with and without the endothelium. ANP prevents thrombin-induced increases in ECP in HAECs. Chronic oral administration of omapatrilat reduces aortic leakiness and atheroma formation with enhanced endothelial independent vasorelaxation to ANP. These studies support the therapeutic potential of dual inhibition of NEP and ACE in the prevention of increased arterial ECP and atherogenesis which may be linked to the ANP/cGMP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ichiki
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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7
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Tankersley CG, Georgakopoulos D, Tang WY, Abston E, Bierman A, Sborz N. Effects of ozone and particulate matter on cardiac mechanics: role of the atrial natriuretic peptide gene. Toxicol Sci 2012; 131:95-107. [PMID: 22977167 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A positive association between air pollution exposure and increased human risk of chronic heart disease progression is well established. In the current study, we test two hypotheses: (1) the cardiac compensatory changes in response to air pollution are dependent on its composition and (2) specific cardiac adaptations are regulated by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). We address these hypotheses by initially examining the exposure effects of ozone (O(3)) and/or particulate matter (PM) on cardiac function in C57Bl/6J (B6) mice. Subsequently, the results are compared with cardiac functional changes to the same exposures in Nppa (the precursor gene for ANP) knockout (KO) mice. Separate groups of mice underwent 3 consecutive days of the same exposure sequence for 3h each consisting of the following: (1) 6h of filtered air (FAFA), (2) O(3) then FA (O(3)FA), (3) FA then carbon black (FACB), or (4) O(3) then CB. Cardiac function was assessed using a conductance catheter to generate cardiac pressure-volume loops 8-10h following each exposure sequence. As compared with FAFA, each sequence led to a substantial drop (as much as 33%) in stroke volume and cardiac output. However, these losses of cardiac function occurred by different compensatory mechanisms dependent on the pollutant composition. For example, O(3)FA exposure led to reductions in both end-systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular (LV) volumes, whereas FACB exposure led an increase in end-diastolic LV volume. These same cardiac compensatory changes were largely abolished in Nppa KO mice following O(3)FA or FACB exposure. These results suggest that cardiac functional changes in response to air pollution exposure are strongly dependent on the pollutant constituents, especially related to O(3) and/or PM. Furthermore, ANP regulation appears to be crucial to these cardiac compensatory mechanisms induced by air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarke G Tankersley
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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8
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New aspects of the interactions between the cardiovascular nitric oxide system and natriuretic peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 406:161-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rybkin II, Kim MS, Bezprozvannaya S, Qi X, Richardson JA, Plato CF, Hill JA, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by a novel Ras-like protein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 179:527-37. [PMID: 17984325 PMCID: PMC2064797 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200707101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atrial cardiomyocytes, neurons, and endocrine tissues secrete neurotransmitters and peptide hormones via large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs). We describe a new member of the Ras family of G-proteins, named RRP17, which is expressed specifically in cardiomyocytes, neurons, and the pancreas. RRP17 interacts with Ca2+-activated protein for secretion-1 (CAPS1), one of only a few proteins known to be associated exclusively with LDCV exocytosis. Ectopic expression of RRP17 in cardiomyocytes enhances secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a regulator of blood pressure and natriuresis. Conversely, genetic deletion of RRP17 in mice results in dysmorphic LDCVs, impaired ANP secretion, and hypertension. These findings identify RRP17 as a component of the cellular machinery involved in regulated secretion within the heart and potential mediator of the endocrine influence of the heart on other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor I Rybkin
- Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Madhani M, Okorie M, Hobbs AJ, MacAllister RJ. Reciprocal regulation of human soluble and particulate guanylate cyclases in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:797-801. [PMID: 17016498 PMCID: PMC2014653 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE We demonstrated previously that reciprocal regulation of soluble (sGC) and particulate (pGC) guanylate cyclases by NO and natriuretic peptides coordinates cyclic cGMP-mediated vasodilatation in vitro. Herein, we investigated whether such an interaction contributes to vascular homeostasis in mice and humans in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) changes in anaesthetized mice were monitored in response to i.v. administration of cGMP- and cAMP-dependent vasodilators in wild-type (WT), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A knockout mice. Forearm blood flow (FBF) in response to intra-brachial infusion of ANP (25, 50, 100, 200 pmol min(-1)) in the absence and presence of the NOS inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA; 4 micromol min(-1)) and the control constrictor noradrenaline (240 pmol min(-1)) was assessed in healthy volunteers. KEY RESULTS Sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO-donor) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produced dose-dependent reductions in MABP in WT animals that were significantly enhanced in eNOS KO mice. In NPR-A K mice, SNP produced a dose-dependent reduction in MABP that was significantly greater than that in WT mice. Responsiveness to the cAMP-dependent vasodilator epoprostenol was similar in WT, eNOS KO and NPR-A KO animals. ANP caused vasodilatation of the forearm resistance vasculature that was significantly greater in individuals lacking endothelium-derived NO (i.e. L-NMA treated). CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS These data demonstrate that crosstalk occurs between the NO-sGC and ANP-pGC pathways to regulate cGMP-dependent vasodilatation in vivo in both mice and humans. These findings have implications for understanding the link between natriuretic peptide activity and cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madhani
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London London, UK
| | - M Okorie
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London London, UK
| | - A J Hobbs
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London London, UK
- Author for correspondence:
| | - R J MacAllister
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London London, UK
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Madhani M, Scotland RS, MacAllister RJ, Hobbs AJ. Vascular natriuretic peptide receptor-linked particulate guanylate cyclases are modulated by nitric oxide-cyclic GMP signalling. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 139:1289-96. [PMID: 12890708 PMCID: PMC1573960 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) The sensitivity of the particulate guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) system to atrial (ANP) and C-type (CNP) natriuretic peptides was investigated in aortae and mesenteric small arteries from wild-type (WT) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout (KO) mice. (2) ANP and CNP produced concentration-dependent relaxations of mouse aorta that were significantly attenuated by the natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-A/B antagonist HS-142-1 (10(-5) M). Both ANP and CNP were more potent in aortae from eNOS KO mice compared to WT. (3) The potency of ANP and CNP in aortae from WT animals was increased in the presence of the NOS inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-4) M) and the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolol[4,3,a]quinoxalin-1-one (5 x 10(-6) M). (4) In contrast, the potency of ANP and CNP in aortae from eNOS KO animals was reduced following pretreatment of tissues with supramaximal concentrations of the NO-donor, glyceryl trinitrate (3 x 10(-5) M, 30 min) or ANP (10(-7) M, 30 min). (5) Responses to acetylcholine in aortae from WT mice (dependent on the release of endothelium-derived NO) were significantly reduced following pretreatment of tissues with GTN (3 x 10(-5) M, 30 min) and ANP (10(-7) M, 30 min). (6) CNP and the NO-donor, spermine-NONOate caused concentration-dependent relaxations of mesenteric small arteries from WT animals that were significantly increased in eNOS KO mice compared to WT. ANP was unable to significantly relax mesenteric arteries from WT or eNOS KO animals. (7) In conclusion, both NPR-A- and NPR-B-linked pGC pathways are modulated by NO-cGMP in murine aorta and mesenteric small arteries and crossdesensitisation occurs between NPR subtypes. The biological activity of endothelium-derived NO is also influenced by the ambient concentration of NO and natriuretic peptides. Such an autoregulatory pathway may represent an important physiological homeostatic mechanism and link the paracrine activity of NO and CNP with the endocrine functions of ANP and BNP in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Acetylcholine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiology
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Atrial Natriuretic Factor/pharmacology
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/physiology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Antagonism
- Drug Synergism
- Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Guanylate Cyclase/physiology
- Male
- Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects
- Mesenteric Arteries/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/antagonists & inhibitors
- Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide/physiology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/physiology
- Nitrogen Oxides
- Nitroglycerin/pharmacology
- Oxadiazoles/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Phenylephrine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Quinoxalines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/drug effects
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/physiology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Spermine/analogs & derivatives
- Spermine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Madhani
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6AE
| | - Ramona S Scotland
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6AE
| | | | - Adrian J Hobbs
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6AE
- Author for correspondence:
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Chauhan SD, Nilsson H, Ahluwalia A, Hobbs AJ. Release of C-type natriuretic peptide accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:1426-31. [PMID: 12552127 PMCID: PMC298789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0336365100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells in most vascular beds release a factor that hyperpolarizes the underlying smooth muscle, produces vasodilatation, and plays a fundamental role in the regulation of local blood flow and systemic blood pressure. The identity of this endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), which is neither NO nor prostacyclin, remains obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that in mesenteric resistance arteries, release of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) accounts for the biological activity of EDHF. Both produce identical smooth muscle hyperpolarizations that are attenuated in the presence of high [K(+)], the G(i) G protein (G(i)) inhibitor pertussis toxin, the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K(+) channel inhibitor tertiapin, and a combination of Ba(2+) (inwardly rectifying K(+) channel blocker) plus ouabain (Na(+)K(+)-ATPase inhibitor). Responses to EDHF and CNP are unaffected by the natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-AB antagonist HS-142-1, but mimicked by the selective NPR-C agonist, cANF(4-23). EDHF-dependent relaxation is concomitant with liberation of endothelial CNP; in the presence of the myoendothelial gap-junction inhibitor 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid or after endothelial denudation, CNP release and EDHF responses are profoundly suppressed. These data demonstrate that acetylcholine-evoked release of endothelial CNP activates NPR-C on vascular smooth muscle that via a G(i) coupling promotes Ba(2+)ouabain-sensitive hyperpolarization. Thus, we have revealed the identity of EDHF and established a pivotal role for endothelial-derived CNP in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila D Chauhan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Bart's and Royal London School of Medicine, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Klinger JR, Warburton RR, Pietras L, Oliver P, Fox J, Smithies O, Hill NS. Targeted disruption of the gene for natriuretic peptide receptor-A worsens hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 282:H58-65. [PMID: 11748047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2002.282.1.h58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted disruption of the gene for natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) worsens pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy during hypoxia, but its effect on left ventricular mass and systemic pressures is not known. We examined the effect of 3 wk of hypobaric hypoxia (0.5 atm) on right and left ventricular pressure and mass in mice with 2 (wild type), 1, or 0 copies of Npr1, the gene that encodes for NPR-A in mice. Under normoxic conditions, right ventricular peak pressure (RVPP) was greater in 0 than in 2 copy mice, but there were no genotype-related differences in carotid artery PP (CAPP). The left ventricular free wall weight-to-body weight (LV/body wt) ratio was greater in 0 than in 2 copy mice and there was a trend toward a greater right ventricular weight-to-body weight (RV/body wt) ratio. Three weeks of hypoxia increased RVPP and RV/body wt in all genotypes. The increase in RVPP was similar in all genotypes (11-14 mmHg), but the hypoxia-induced increase in RV/body wt was more than twice as great in 0 copy mice than in 2 copy mice (1.11 +/- 0.06 to 2.65 +/- 0.46 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.04 to 1.4 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05). Chronic hypoxia had no effect on CAPP in any genotype and did not effect LV/body wt in 1 or 2 copy mice, but increased LV/body wt 41% in 0 copy mice. We conclude that absent expression of NPR-A worsens right ventricular hypertrophy and causes left ventricular hypertrophy during exposure to chronic hypoxia without increasing pulmonary or systemic arterial pressure responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Melo LG, Steinhelper ME, Pang SC, Tse Y, Ackermann U. ANP in regulation of arterial pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance: lessons from genetic mouse models. Physiol Genomics 2000; 3:45-58. [PMID: 11015600 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.2000.3.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of genetic mouse models presenting life-long alterations in expression of the genes for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or its receptors (NPR-A, NPR-C) has uncovered a physiological role of this hormone in chronic blood pressure homeostasis. Transgenic mice overexpressing a transthyretin-ANP fusion gene are hypotensive relative to the nontransgenic littermates, whereas mice harboring functional disruptions of the ANP or NPR-A genes are hypertensive compared with their respective wild-type counterparts. The chronic hypotensive action of ANP is determined by vasodilation of the resistance vasculature, which is probably mediated by attenuation of vascular sympathetic tone at one or several prejunctional sites. Under conditions of normal dietary salt consumption, the hypotensive action of ANP is dissociated from the natriuretic activity of the hormone. However, during elevated dietary salt intake, ANP-mediated antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system is essential for maintenance of blood pressure constancy, inasmuch as the ANP gene "knockout" mice (ANP -/-) develop a salt-sensitive component of hypertension in association with failure to adequately downregulate plasma renin activity. These findings imply that genetic deficiencies in ANP or natriuretic receptor activity may be underlying causative factors in the etiology of salt-sensitive variants of hypertensive disease and other sodium-retaining disorders, such as congestive heart failure and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Melo
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
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Melo LG, Pang SC, Ackermann U. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Regulator of Chronic Arterial Blood Pressure. NEWS IN PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY PRODUCED JOINTLY BY THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND THE AMERICAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2000; 15:143-149. [PMID: 11390897 DOI: 10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) transgenic and gene knockout mouse models uncovered a tonic vasodilatory effect of this hormone that contributes to chronic blood pressure homeostasis. With elevated salt intake, ANP-mediated antagonism of the renin-angiotensin system is essential for blood pressure constancy, suggesting that a deficiency in ANP activity may underlie the etiology of sodium-retaining disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gabriel Melo
- Department of Physiology of the University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Ackermann U, Azizi N. Increased central AT(1)-receptor activation, not systemic vasopressin, sustains hypertension in ANP knockout mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 278:R1441-5. [PMID: 10848509 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.6.r1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that hypertension in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) knockout mice is caused in part by disinhibition of angiotensin II-mediated vasopressin release. Inactin-anesthetized F(2) homozygous ANP gene-disrupted mice (-/-) and wild-type (+/+) littermates were surgically prepared for carotid arterial blood pressure measurement (ABP) and background intravenous injection of physiological saline or vasopressin V(1)-receptor antagonist (Manning compound, 10 ng/g body wt) and subsequent intracerebroventricular (left lateral ventricle) injection of saline (5 microl) or ANP (0.5 microg) or angiotensin II AT(1)-receptor antagonist losartan (10 microg). Only (-/-) showed significant decrease in ABP after intracerebroventricular ANP or losartan. Both showed significant hypotension after intravenous V(1) antagonist, but there was no difference between their responses. We conclude that 1) vasopressin contributes equally to ABP maintenance in ANP-disrupted mice and wild-type controls; 2) permanently elevated ABP in ANP knockouts is associated with increased central nervous angiotensin II AT(1)-receptor activation; 3) disinhibition of central nervous angiotensin II AT(1) receptors in ANP-deficient animals does not lead to a significant increase in the importance of vasopressin as a mechanism for blood pressure maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ackermann
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8.
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