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Golub AS, Dodhy SC, Pittman RN. Oxygen dependence of respiration in rat spinotrapezius muscle contracting at 0.5-8 twitches per second. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:124-133. [PMID: 29494286 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01136.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxygen dependence of respiration was obtained in situ in microscopic regions of rat spinotrapezius muscle for different levels of metabolic activity produced by electrical stimulation at rates from 0.5 to 8 Hz. The rate of O2 consumption (V̇o2) was measured with phosphorescence quenching microscopy (PQM) as the rate of O2 disappearance in a muscle with rapid flow arrest. The phosphorescent oxygen probe was loaded into the interstitial space of the muscle to give O2 tension (Po2) in the interstitium. A set of sigmoid curves relating the Po2 dependence of V̇o2 was obtained with a Po2-dependent region below a characteristic Po2 (~30 mmHg) and a Po2-independent region above this Po2. The V̇o2(Po2) plots were fit by the Hill equation containing O2 demand (rest to 8 Hz: 216 ± 26 to 636 ± 77 nl O2/cm3 s) and the Po2 value corresponding to O2 demand/2 (rest to 8 Hz: 22 ± 4 to 11 ± 1 mmHg). The initial Po2 and V̇o2 pairs of values measured at the moment of flow arrest formed a straight line, determining the rate of oxygen supply. This line had a negative slope, equal to the oxygen conductance for the O2 supply chain. For each level of tissue blood flow the set of possible values of Po2 and V̇o2 consists of the intersection points between this O2 supply line and the set of V̇o2 curves. An electrical analogy for the intraorgan O2 supply and consumption is an inverting transistor amplifier, which allows the use of graphic analysis methods for prediction of the behavior of the oxygen processing system in organs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The sigmoidal shape of curves describing oxygen dependence of muscle respiration varies from basal to maximal workload and characterizes the oxidative metabolism of muscle. The rate of O2 supply depends on extracellular O2 tension and is determined by the overall oxygen conductance in the muscle. The dynamics of oxygen consumption is determined by the supply line that intersects the oxygen demand curves. An electrical analogy for the oxygen supply/consumption system is an inverting transistor amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander S Golub
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sami C Dodhy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
| | - Roland N Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
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Jaspers RT, Testerink J, Della Gaspera B, Chanoine C, Bagowski CP, van der Laarse WJ. Increased oxidative metabolism and myoglobin expression in zebrafish muscle during chronic hypoxia. Biol Open 2014; 3:718-27. [PMID: 25063194 PMCID: PMC4133725 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20149167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish may be extremely hypoxia resistant. We investigated how muscle fibre size and oxidative capacity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) adapt during severe chronic hypoxia. Zebrafish were kept for either 3 or 6 weeks under chronic constant hypoxia (CCH) (10% air/90%N2 saturated water). We analyzed cross-sectional area (CSA), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, capillarization, myonuclear density, myoglobin (Mb) concentration and Mb mRNA expression of high and low oxidative muscle fibres. After 3 weeks of CCH, CSA, SDH activity, Mb concentration, capillary and myonuclear density of both muscle fibre types were similar as under normoxia. In contrast, staining intensity for Mb mRNA of hypoxic high oxidative muscle fibres was 94% higher than that of normoxic controls (P<0.001). Between 3 and 6 weeks of CCH, CSA of high and low oxidative muscle fibres increased by 25 and 30%, respectively. This was similar to normoxic controls. Capillary and myonuclear density were not changed by CCH. However, in high oxidative muscle fibres of fish maintained under CCH, SDH activity, Mb concentration as well as Mb mRNA content were higher by 86%, 138% and 90%, respectively, than in muscle fibres of fish kept under normoxia (P<0.001). In low oxidative muscle fibres, SDH activity, Mb and Mb mRNA content were not significantly changed. Under normoxia, the calculated interstitial oxygen tension required to prevent anoxic cores in muscle fibres (PO2crit) of high oxidative muscle fibres was between 1.0 and 1.7 mmHg. These values were similar at 3 and 6 weeks CCH. We conclude that high oxidative skeletal muscle fibres of zebrafish continue to grow and increase oxidative capacity during CCH. Oxygen supply to mitochondria in these fibres may be facilitated by an increased Mb concentration, which is regulated by an increase in Mb mRNA content per myonucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janwillem Testerink
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Integrative Zoology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Willem J van der Laarse
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Han JC, Taberner AJ, Kirton RS, Nielsen PMF, Archer R, Kim N, Loiselle DS. Radius-dependent decline of performance in isolated cardiac muscle does not reflect inadequacy of diffusive oxygen supply. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 300:H1222-36. [PMID: 21217065 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01157.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study of cardiac energetics commonly involves the use of isolated muscle preparations (papillary muscles or trabeculae carneae). Their contractile performance has been observed to vary inversely with thickness. This inverse dependence has been attributed, almost without exception, to inadequate diffusion of oxygen into the centers of muscles of large diameter. It is thus commonly hypothesized that the radius-dependent diminution of performance reflects the development of an anoxic core. We tested this hypothesis theoretically by solving a modification of the diffusion equation, in which the rate of oxygen consumption is a sigmoidal function of the partial pressure of oxygen. The model demonstrates that sufficiently thick muscles, operating at sufficiently high rates of oxygen demand or sufficiently low ambient partial pressures of oxygen, will indeed show diminished energetic performance, whether indirectly indexed as stress (force per cross-sectional area) development or as the rate of heat production. However, such simulated behavior requires the adoption of extreme parameter values, often differing by an order of magnitude from their experimental equivalents. We thus conclude that the radius-dependent diminution of muscle performance in vitro cannot be attributed entirely to an insufficient supply of oxygen via diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Chiew Han
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Betz E. Adaption of regional cerebral blood flow in animals exposed to chronic alterations of pO2 and pCO2. ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 14:121-8. [PMID: 5214084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1965.tb01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Effects of free hemin on myocardium were investigated using a model of neonatal myocyte primary cultures. Cells were subjected to free hemin at concentrations up to 20 microM and equilibrated for 5 h at 37 degrees C. Distribution of hemin in media, cell sarcolemma, and cell interior was evaluated. Time-dependent reduction in beating rate was monitored throughout the entire concentration range of administrated hemin. With time and in a hemin concentration-dependent manner, arrhythmic beatings which were followed by loss of contractility were observed. In parallel, morphologic changes appeared from granulation to complete loss of cell integrity. At the concentration range studied, hemin also induced a biphasic release of cytosolic enzymes. In the first phase, the fraction of enzyme released was dependent of the ratio of hemin:cells and was correlated with the amount of nonviable cells as monitored by a trypan blue test. In the second phase, the fraction of released enzyme was much larger than that of nonviable cells. The data are interpreted as an indication of complete loss of cytosolic content due to sarcolemma damage in first phase and partial damage to cell interior in the prolonged second phase. It is concluded that in similarity with other amphipathic molecules, free hemin is toxic to the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhoite-Solomon
- Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Tel-Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine, Israel
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Dauncey MJ, Ingram DL. Influence of environmental temperature and energy intake on skeletal muscle respiratory enzymes and morphology. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY 1988; 58:239-44. [PMID: 2851442 DOI: 10.1007/bf00417256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Influence of a cold (10 degrees C) or warm (35 degrees C) environment and a high or low level of energy intake on respiratory enzyme activities has been investigated in porcine skeletal muscle. Scanning microdensitometry was used to measure the reaction products from mitochondrial enzymes in individual slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibres. A cold environment was found to increase the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in both types of muscle fibre (P less than 0.001 for dark fibres, P less than 0.01 for light fibres) from young growing animals. Enzyme activity was also increased in animals on a low compared with a high energy intake (P less than 0.01) when living at 10 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C. Similar findings were obtained for NADH diaphorase and cytochrome oxidase aa3. The numbers of slow-twitch muscle fibres also increased after exposure to cold (P less than 0.01) and as a result of a low energy intake (P less than 0.01). These results are similar to those obtained in other species after exercise or as a result of peripheral arterial insufficiency. The extent to which they could be related to local tissue hypoxia or to changes in metabolic hormones is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Dauncey
- AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge, England
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Taylor DJ, Matthews PM, Radda GK. Myoglobin-dependent oxidative metabolism in the hypoxic rat heart. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1986; 63:275-83. [PMID: 3961299 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(86)90095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of myoglobin in facilitating O2 diffusion for oxidative energy production was investigated at high (0.9 mM) and low (0.1 mM) O2 tensions in the Langendorff-perfused rat heart. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance was used to monitor the intracellular pH and concentrations of high energy phosphates. NaNO2 or phenylhydrazine was used to inactivate greater than 85% of intracellular myoglobin. During hypoxia, ATP and phosphocreatine were depleted significantly more rapidly in hearts with reduced concentrations of functional myoglobin than in control hearts. However, at 0.9 mM O2, myoglobin inactivation did not limit oxidative energy metabolism. It is concluded that facilitation of O2 diffusion by cardiac myoglobin plays a significant role in O2 delivery to the mitochondria at low O2 tensions.
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Palacios L, Palomeque J, Riera M, Pagés T, Viscor G, Planas J. Oxygen transport properties in the starling, Sturnus vulgaris L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(84)90057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Myoglobin content and the activities of enzymes of energy metabolism in red and white fish hearts. J Comp Physiol B 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00735716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sillau AH, Aquin L, Bui MV, Banchero N. Chronic hypoxia does not affect guinea pig skeletal muscle capillarity. Pflugers Arch 1980; 386:39-45. [PMID: 7191962 DOI: 10.1007/bf00584185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of chronically hypoxic guinea pigs were analyzed for capillary supply and myoglobin concentration. Weanling male guinea pigs were exposed to a simulated altitude of 5,100 m and an average ambient temperature of 22% C for 2, 4, 6, 10 and 14 weeks (range of BW 244--965 g). The soleus and gastrocnemius-plantaris muscles of one leg were analyzed for myoglobin concentration while the soleus and medial head of the gastrocnemius of the contralateral leg were cut at the midpoint, frozen and sectioned in a cryostat. The myosin ATPase method was used to visualize fibers and capillaries. Values of muscle weight, fiber cross sectional area, capillary density, capillary to fiber ratio and the number of capillaries around the fiber were compared to the values of the same parameters from normoxic guinea pigs selected to match the average body weights of the hypoxic animals. The growth rates of the two groups were not different. No significant differences in the regression lines for the normoxic and hypoxic animals were found so that when the data were combined no significant differences in the normoxic lines were introduced by adding the values of the hypoxic animals. The myoglobin values were significantly higher only in the hypoxic soleus after 14 weeks of exposure.
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The effect of flying and not flying on myoglobin content of heart muscle of the pigeon Columbia livia domestica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(78)90186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ar A, Arieli R, Shkolnik A. Blood-gas properties and function in the fossorial mole rat under normal and hypoxic-hypercapnic atmospheric conditions. RESPIRATION PHYSIOLOGY 1977; 30:201-19. [PMID: 17898 DOI: 10.1016/0034-5687(77)90031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood and tissue gas exchange properties of mole rats in normoxic and hypoxic-hypercapnic conditions were compared to the common mammalian pattern. RBC count was 14.0 +/- 1.2-10(6)/microliter. Hb concentration was 15.0 +/- 0.4g/100 ml. P50 (at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C) was 29.5 +/- 0.5 mm Hg. Oxygen capacity averaged 20.2 +/- 0.4 vol% and the Hill coefficient was 2.9 +/- 0.1. The Bohr effect was -0.53 +/- 0.02 (deltalog P/deltapH). The temperature coefficient was 0.0152 +/- 0.0014 (deltalog P/delta degrees C). The Haldane effect was 4.8 +/- 0.5 (deltaCCO2 vol%)at PCO2 =40 mm Hg. Steady-state partial pressures in gas pockets were PO2 = 15.1 +/- 1.4 mm Hg and PCO2 = 85.8 +/- 3.9 mm Hg in normoxia, and 11.5 +/- 3.0 and 101.8 +/- 3.5 repectively in hypoxia-hypercapnia (PIO2 congruent to 85 mm Hg). Under the same conditions 2,3-DPG dropped from 0.87 and 0.88 to 0.62 and 0.65 (mol/mol Hb) in the rat and in the white rat, respectively. Heart muscle myoglobin concentration of the mole rat (1.44 mg/g) did not differ significantly from that of the white rat (1.96 mg/g), whereas masseter myoglobin was 4.0 mg/g--significantly different from the rat (1.21 mg/g). Results indicate that the strategy used by the mole rat to maintain a normal metabolic rate under variable atmospheric conditions, besides having high oxygen affinity, is to expand the physiological range of the oxygen dissociation curve to very low oxygen tensions, at the expense of its acid-base regulation. The regulation of the shape of the oxygen dissociation curve is discussed.
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Romero-Herrera AE, Lehmann H, Tomlinson BE, Walton JN. Myoglobin in primary muscular disease. I. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. II. Muscular dystrophy of distal type. J Med Genet 1973; 10:309-22. [PMID: 4590363 PMCID: PMC1013048 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.10.4.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal myoglobin from two cases of muscular dystrophy, one of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and one of muscular dystrophy of distal type, have been examined and no differences from normal human myoglobin were found. The opportunity has been taken to discuss the nature of minor fractions of myoglobin-like material which are found when human skeletal myoglobin is isolated. Those which have been observed in the present study have been artefacts and it was possible to demonstrate that they were due to deamidation of certain glutamine and asparagine residues.
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Turek Z, Ringnalda BE, Grandtner M, Kreuzer F. Myoglobin distribution in the heart of growing rats exposed to a simulated altitude of 3500m in their youth or born in the low pressure chamber. Pflugers Arch 1973; 340:1-10. [PMID: 4267602 DOI: 10.1007/bf00592192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Köhler M. [Lactate and pyruvate behavior in femoral venous blood before and following directed training in femoral artery occlusion]. KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1971; 49:1210-8. [PMID: 5132324 DOI: 10.1007/bf01732729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Cunningham DA, Magel JR. The effect of moderate altitude on post-exercise blood lactate. INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE PHYSIOLOGIE, EINSCHLIESSLICH ARBEITSPHYSIOLOGIE 1970; 29:94-100. [PMID: 5491623 DOI: 10.1007/bf00695712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Burleigh IG, Schimke RT. The activities of some enzymes concerned with energy metabolism in mammalian muscles of differing pigmentation. Biochem J 1969; 113:157-66. [PMID: 5806388 PMCID: PMC1184615 DOI: 10.1042/bj1130157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
1. Extractable hexokinase activity was measured in the red and white skeletal muscles of the rabbit and in the hearts and diaphragms of four animal species differing markedly in size. Activities vary over a 40-fold range, being least in white skeletal muscle of the laboratory rabbit and greatest in mouse heart. 2. Hexokinase activities correlate approximately with capacities to undertake reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as determined by succinate oxidase assays. Both enzyme activities seem best related to the average contractile-energy expenditure per unit weight of muscle over an extended period, rather than to the rapidity of individual contractions. 3. Hexokinase and succinate oxidase activities cannot be related to a muscle's content of soluble pigment. They display an inverse relationship with activities of phosphorylase and glycolytic enzymes, but only within the group of rabbit skeletal muscles whose oxidative capacities are at the lower end of the observed range. 4. Total glycogen-UDP glucosyltransferase activities do not vary significantly between rabbit skeletal muscles, although those of hexokinase differ by about sixfold. On the average, glucose 6-phosphate is probably oxidized directly. However, observations cited in the literature suggest that muscles with an active hexokinase may well preferentially accumulate glycogen when glucose is present in excess of the fibres' capacity to oxidize it. 5. When considered with published results obtained in vivo, the present findings indicate that phosphorylase has a minor role in the energy expenditure of muscles with a predominantly oxidative metabolism. In these, the major substrates appear to be blood glucose, fatty acids and possibly lipids. 6. The histochemical criteria by which muscle fibres are commonly described as red or white are inadequate.
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TRIBUKAIT B. Der Einfluss chronischer Hypoxie entsprechend 1,000 - 8,000 m Höhe auf die Erythropoiese der Ratte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1963; 57:1-25. [PMID: 13994136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1963.tb02571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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ENGSTEDT L, PERIC B, TRIBUKAIT B. Gesamthämoglobinmenge und Blutvolumen der normalen, anämischen und polycythämischen Ratte, bestimmt mit CO und Cr51. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1960; 49:139-54. [PMID: 13820407 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1960.tb01937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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