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Skurikhin E, Ermakova N, Zhukova M, Pan E, Widera D, Sandrikina L, Kogai L, Pershina O, Pakhomova A, Pan VY, Kushlinskii N, Kubatiev A, Morozov S, Dygai A. Effects of reprogrammed splenic CD8 + T-cells in vitro and in mice with spontaneous metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:522. [PMID: 38664641 PMCID: PMC11046928 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic disease is a major and difficult-to-treat complication of lung cancer. Considering insufficient effectiveness of existing therapies and taking into account the current problem of lung cancer chemoresistance, it is necessary to continue the development of new treatments. METHODS Previously, we have demonstrated the antitumor effects of reprogrammed CD8+ T-cells (rCD8+ T-cells) from the spleen in mice with orthotopic lung carcinoma. Reprogramming was conducted by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway through MEKi and the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1. Concurrently, CD8+ T-cells were trained in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. We suggested that rCD8+ T-cells isolated from the spleen might impede the development of metastatic disease. RESULTS The present study has indicated that the reprogramming procedure enhances the survival and cytotoxicity of splenic CD8+ T-cells in LLC culture. In an LLC model of spontaneous metastasis, splenic rCD8 + T-cell therapy augmented the numbers of CD8+ T-cells and CD4+ T-cells in the lungs of mice. These changes can account for the partial reduction of tumors in the lungs and the mitigation of metastatic activity. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed reprogramming method enhances the antitumor activity of CD8+ T-cells isolated from the spleen and could be valuable in formulating an approach to treating metastatic disease in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Skurikhin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia.
| | - N Ermakova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M Zhukova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E Pan
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, Whiteknights Campus, RG6 6AP, Reading, UK
| | - L Sandrikina
- Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028, Tomsk, Russia
| | - L Kogai
- Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028, Tomsk, Russia
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovski, 2, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O Pershina
- Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A Pakhomova
- Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028, Tomsk, Russia
| | - V Yu Pan
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Kushlinskii
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - S Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Dygai
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315, Moscow, Russia
- Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028, Tomsk, Russia
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Zhang J, Liu Y. Epithelial stem cells and niches in lung alveolar regeneration and diseases. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:17-26. [PMID: 38645714 PMCID: PMC11027191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alveoli serve as the functional units of the lungs, responsible for the critical task of blood-gas exchange. Comprising type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells, the alveolar epithelium is continuously subject to external aggressors like pathogens and airborne particles. As such, preserving lung function requires both the homeostatic renewal and reparative regeneration of this epithelial layer. Dysfunctions in these processes contribute to various lung diseases. Recent research has pinpointed specific cell subgroups that act as potential stem or progenitor cells for the alveolar epithelium during both homeostasis and regeneration. Additionally, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells synergistically establish a nurturing microenvironment-or "niche"-that modulates these epithelial stem cells. This review aims to consolidate the latest findings on the identities of these stem cells and the components of their niche, as well as the molecular mechanisms that govern them. Additionally, this article highlights diseases that arise due to perturbations in stem cell-niche interactions. We also discuss recent technical innovations that have catalyzed these discoveries. Specifically, this review underscores the heterogeneity, plasticity, and dynamic regulation of these stem cell-niche systems. It is our aspiration that a deeper understanding of the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying alveolar homeostasis and regeneration will open avenues for identifying novel therapeutic targets for conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuru Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Shang S, He D, Liu C, Bao X, Han S, Wang L. TRAF3 gene regulates macrophage migration and activation by lung epithelial cells infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0269923. [PMID: 38018974 PMCID: PMC10783100 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02699-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Aspergillus fumigatus can infect immunocompromised individuals and cause chronic and fatal invasive fungal infections. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of A. fumigatus-host interactions may provide new references for disease treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that the TRAF3 gene plays an important role in the early infection of A. fumigatus by regulating the resistance of lung epithelial cells to A. fumigatus. Macrophages are the most abundant innate immune cells in the alveoli; however, few studies have reported on the interactions between lung epithelial cells and macrophages in response to A. fumigatus invasion. In our study, it was demonstrated that the TRAF3 gene reduces migration to macrophages and cytokine production by negatively regulating lung epithelial cell adhesion and internalization of A. fumigatus spores. Together, our results provide new insights into lung epithelial cell-macrophage interactions during A. fumigatus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumi Shang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Jilin University Mycology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Jilin University Mycology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyuan Bao
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Jilin University Mycology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuaishuai Han
- Beijing ZhongKai TianCheng Bio-technology Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Jilin University Mycology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Merk VM, Renzulli P, Vrugt B, Fleischmann A, Brunner T. Glucocorticoids are differentially synthesized along the murine and human respiratory tree. Allergy 2023; 78:2428-2440. [PMID: 37171450 DOI: 10.1111/all.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic glucocorticoids (GC) are effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the lung. However, long-term use leads to severe side effects. Endogenous GC can be synthesized locally, either de novo from cholesterol in a 11β-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1)-dependent manner, or by reactivation from 11-dehydrocorticosterone/cortisone by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (Hsd11b1). We aimed to define the molecular pathways of endogenous GC synthesis along the respiratory tree to provide a basis for understanding how local GC synthesis contributes to tissue homeostasis. METHODS Expression of steroidogenic enzymes in murine lung epithelium was analyzed by macroscopic and laser capture microdissection, followed by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry analysis was performed to identify the cellular source of steroidogenic enzymes. Additionally, the induction of steroidogenic enzyme expression in the lung was analyzed after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes was confirmed in human lung tissue by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, GC synthesis was examined in ex vivo cultures of fresh tissue from mice and human lobectomy patients. RESULTS We observed that the murine and human lung tissue differentially expresses synthesis pathway-determining enzymes along the respiratory tree. We detected Hsd11b1 expression in bronchial, alveolar, club and basal epithelial cells, whereas Cyp11b1 expression was detectable only in tracheal epithelial cells of mice. Accordingly, de novo synthesis of bioactive GC occurred in the large conducting airways, whereas reactivation occurred everywhere along the respiratory tree. Strikingly, Cyp11b1 but not Hsd11b1 expression was enhanced in the trachea upon LPS injection in mice. CONCLUSION We report here the differential synthesis of bioactive GC along the murine and human respiratory tree. Thus, extra-adrenal de novo GC synthesis and reactivation may differentially contribute to the regulation of immunological and inflammatory processes in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena M Merk
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Pietro Renzulli
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Bart Vrugt
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Achim Fleischmann
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Münsterlingen, Münsterlingen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Jiang D, Liu H, Zhu G, Li X, Fan L, Zhao F, Xu C, Wang S, Rose Y, Rhen J, Yu Z, Yin Y, Gu Y, Xu X, Fisher EA, Ge J, Xu Y, Pang J. Endothelial PHACTR1 Promotes Endothelial Activation and Atherosclerosis by Repressing PPARγ Activity Under Disturbed Flow in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e303-e322. [PMID: 37199156 PMCID: PMC10524336 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous genome-wide association studies revealed that SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at the PHACTR1 (phosphatase and actin regulator 1) locus strongly correlate with coronary artery disease. However, the biological function of PHACTR1 remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the proatherosclerotic effect of endothelial PHACTR1, contrary to macrophage PHACTR1. METHODS We generated global (Phactr1-/-) and endothelial cell (EC)-specific (Phactr1ECKO) Phactr1 KO (knockout) mice and crossed these mice with apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks or partially ligating carotid arteries combined with a 2-week high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. PHACTR1 localization was identified by immunostaining of overexpressed PHACTR1 in human umbilical vein ECs exposed to different types of flow. The molecular function of endothelial PHACTR1 was explored by RNA sequencing using EC-enriched mRNA from global or EC-specific Phactr1 KO mice. Endothelial activation was evaluated in human umbilical vein ECs transfected with siRNA targeting PHACTR1 and in Phactr1ECKO mice after partial carotid ligation. RESULTS Global or EC-specific Phactr1 deficiency significantly inhibited atherosclerosis in regions of disturbed flow. PHACTR1 was enriched in ECs and located in the nucleus of disturbed flow areas but shuttled to cytoplasm under laminar flow in vitro. RNA sequencing showed that endothelial Phactr1 depletion affected vascular function, and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) was the top transcription factor regulating differentially expressed genes. PHACTR1 functioned as a PPARγ transcriptional corepressor by binding to PPARγ through the corepressor motifs. PPARγ activation protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial activation. Consistently, PHACTR1 deficiency remarkably reduced endothelial activation induced by disturbed flow in vivo and in vitro. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished the protective effects of Phactr1 KO on EC activation and atherosclerosis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified endothelial PHACTR1 as a novel PPARγ corepressor to promote atherosclerosis in disturbed flow regions. Endothelial PHACTR1 is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Guofu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Faxue Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Chong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Shumin Wang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Yara Rose
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Jordan Rhen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Ze Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yiheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yuling Gu
- Shanghai Naturethink Life Science&Technology Co., Itd, Shanghai 201809, China (Y. G.)
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA (E. A. F.)
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Pan-vascular Research Institute, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China (D. J., H. L., G. Z., X. L., L. F., F. Z., C. X., Z. Y., Y. Y., J. G., Y. X.)
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (S. W., Y. R., J. R., X. X., J. P.)
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Li DB, Xu XX, Hu YQ, Cui Q, Xiao YY, Sun SJ, Chen LJ, Ye LC, Sun Q. Congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary dysplasia and its underlying mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L89-L101. [PMID: 36472329 PMCID: PMC9925164 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00195.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observation indicates that exercise capacity, an important determinant of survival in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), is most decreased in children with reduced pulmonary blood flow (RPF). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we obtained human RPF lung samples from children with tetralogy of Fallot as well as piglet and rat RPF lung samples from animals with pulmonary artery banding surgery. We observed impaired alveolarization and vascularization, the main characteristics of pulmonary dysplasia, in the lungs of RPF infants, piglets, and rats. RPF caused smaller lungs, cyanosis, and body weight loss in neonatal rats and reduced the number of alveolar type 2 cells. RNA sequencing demonstrated that RPF induced the downregulation of metabolism and migration, a key biological process of late alveolar development, and the upregulation of immune response, which was confirmed by flow cytometry and cytokine detection. In addition, the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A rescued pulmonary dysplasia and increased the expression of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is the driver of postnatal lung development. We concluded that RPF results in pulmonary dysplasia, which may account for the reduced exercise capacity of patients with CHD with RPF. The underlying mechanism is associated with immune response activation, and immunosuppressants have a therapeutic effect in CHD-associated pulmonary dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Bao Li
- 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Xia Xu
- 4Department of Radiology, Huangpu Branch, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Hu
- 3Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Cui
- 3Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Xiao
- 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Juan Sun
- 5Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- 3Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Cai Ye
- 2Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease, Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Han X, Yuan T, Zhang J, Shi Y, Li D, Dong Y, Fan S. FOXO4 peptide targets myofibroblast ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through ECM-receptor interaction pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3269-3280. [PMID: 35510614 PMCID: PMC9170815 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease with limited treatment options. The incidence and prevalence of PF is increasing with age, cell senescence has been proposed as a pathogenic driver, the clearance of senescent cells could improve lung function in PF. FOXO4‐D‐Retro‐Inverso (FOXO4‐DRI), a synthesis peptide, has been reported to selectively kill senescent cells in aged mice. However, it remains unknown if FOXO4‐DRI could clear senescent cells in PF and reverse this disease. In this study, we explored the effect of FOXO4‐DRI on bleomycin (BLM)‐induced PF mouse model. We found that similar as the approved medication Pirfenidone, FOXO4‐DRI decreased senescent cells, downregulated the expression of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and attenuated BLM‐induced morphological changes and collagen deposition. Furthermore, FOXO4‐DRI could increase the percentage of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2) and fibroblasts, and decrease the myofibroblasts in bleomycin (BLM)‐induced PF mouse model. Compared with mouse and human lung fibroblast cell lines, FOXO4‐DRI is inclined to kill TGF‐β‐induced myofibroblast in vitro. The inhibited effect of FOXO4‐DRI on myofibroblast lead to a downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction pathway in BLM‐induced PF. Above all, FOXO4‐DRI ameliorates BLM‐induced PF in mouse and may be served as a viable therapeutic option for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin, China
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Fatty acid nitroalkene reversal of established lung fibrosis. Redox Biol 2021; 50:102226. [PMID: 35150970 PMCID: PMC8844680 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis occurs in response to dysregulated metabolism, pro-inflammatory signaling and tissue repair reactions. For example, lungs exposed to environmental toxins, cancer therapies, chronic inflammation and other stimuli manifest a phenotypic shift to activated myofibroblasts and progressive and often irreversible lung tissue scarring. There are no therapies that stop or reverse fibrosis. The 2 FDA-approved anti-fibrotic drugs at best only slow the progression of fibrosis in humans. The present study was designed to test whether a small molecule electrophilic nitroalkene, nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), could reverse established pulmonary fibrosis induced by the intratracheal administration of bleomycin in C57BL/6 mice. After 14 d of bleomycin-induced fibrosis development in vivo, lungs were removed, sectioned and precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from control and bleomycin-treated mice were cultured ex vivo for 4 d with either vehicle or NO2-OA (5 μM). Biochemical and morphological analyses showed that over a 4 d time frame, NO2-OA significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory mediator and growth factor expression and reversed key indices of fibrosis (hydroxyproline, collagen 1A1 and 3A1, fibronectin-1). Quantitative image analysis of PCLS immunohistology reinforced these observations, revealing that NO2-OA suppressed additional hallmarks of the fibrotic response, including alveolar epithelial cell loss, myofibroblast differentiation and proliferation, collagen and α-smooth muscle actin expression. NO2-OA also accelerated collagen degradation by resident macrophages. These effects occurred in the absence of the recognized NO2-OA modulation of circulating and migrating immune cell activation. Thus, small molecule nitroalkenes may be useful agents for reversing pathogenic fibrosis of lung and other organs. Small molecule electrophiles, pleiotropic anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drugs. NO2-OA inhibits activated myofibroblasts, induces dedifferentiation to fibroblasts. NO2-OA activates extracellular matrix degradation by macrophages. NO2-OA promotes proliferation of alveolar type 1 and 2 epithelial cells. NO2-OA reverses established lung fibrosis in murine lung slices.
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Gschwend J, Sherman SP, Ridder F, Feng X, Liang HE, Locksley RM, Becher B, Schneider C. Alveolar macrophages rely on GM-CSF from alveolar epithelial type 2 cells before and after birth. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210745. [PMID: 34431978 PMCID: PMC8404471 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Programs defining tissue-resident macrophage identity depend on local environmental cues. For alveolar macrophages (AMs), these signals are provided by immune and nonimmune cells and include GM-CSF (CSF2). However, evidence to functionally link components of this intercellular cross talk remains scarce. We thus developed new transgenic mice to profile pulmonary GM-CSF expression, which we detected in both immune cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells and γδ T cells, as well as AT2s. AMs were unaffected by constitutive deletion of hematopoietic Csf2 and basophil depletion. Instead, AT2 lineage-specific constitutive and inducible Csf2 deletion revealed the nonredundant function of AT2-derived GM-CSF in instructing AM fate, establishing the postnatal AM compartment, and maintaining AMs in adult lungs. This AT2-AM relationship begins during embryogenesis, where nascent AT2s timely induce GM-CSF expression to support the proliferation and differentiation of fetal monocytes contemporaneously seeding the tissue, and persists into adulthood, when epithelial GM-CSF remains restricted to AT2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gschwend
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Frederike Ridder
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaogang Feng
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hong-Erh Liang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Richard M. Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Blaskovic S, Donati Y, Zanetti F, Ruchonnet-Métrailler I, Lemeille S, Cremona TP, Schittny JC, Barazzone-Argiroffo C. Gestation and lactation exposure to nicotine induces transient postnatal changes in lung alveolar development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L606-L618. [PMID: 31967849 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00228.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful consequences of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure during lung development can already manifest in infancy. In particular, early life exposure to nicotine, the main component of CS, was shown to affect lung development in animal models. We aimed to characterize the effect of nicotine on alveoli formation. We analyzed the kinetics of normal alveolar development during the alveolarization phase and then looked at the effect of nicotine in a mouse model of gestational and early life exposure. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the wave of cell proliferation [i.e., vascular endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) type II and mesenchymal cell] occurs at postnatal day (pnd) 8 in control and nicotine-exposed lungs. However, FACS analysis of individual epithelial alveolar cells revealed nicotine-induced transient increase of AEC type I proliferation and decrease of vascular endothelial cell proliferation at pnd8. Furthermore, nicotine increased the percentage of endothelial cells at pnd2. Transcriptomic data also showed significant changes in nicotine samples compared with the controls on cell cycle-associated genes at pnd2 but not anymore at pnd16. Accordingly, the expression of survivin, involved in cell cycle regulation, also follows a different kinetics in nicotine lung extracts. These changes resulted in an increased lung size detected by stereology at pnd16 but no longer in adult age, suggesting that nicotine can act on the pace of lung maturation. Taken together, our results indicate that early life nicotine exposure could be harmful to alveolar development independently from other toxicants contained in CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Blaskovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves Donati
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Zanetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Ruchonnet-Métrailler
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana P Cremona
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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