1
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Zhu W, Bai D, Ji W, Gao J. TRP channels associated with macrophages as targets for the treatment of obese asthma. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:49. [PMID: 38365763 PMCID: PMC10874053 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, obesity and asthma pose significant health challenges, with obesity being a key factor influencing asthma. Despite this, effective treatments for obese asthma, a distinct phenotype, remain elusive. Since the discovery of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in 1969, their value as therapeutic targets for various diseases has been acknowledged. TRP channels, present in adipose tissue cells, influence fat cell heat production and the secretion of adipokines and cytokines, which are closely associated with asthma and obesity. This paper aims to investigate the mechanisms by which obesity exacerbates asthma-related inflammation and suggests that targeting TRP channels in adipose tissue could potentially suppress obese asthma and offer novel insights into its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dinxi Bai
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenting Ji
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Wu X, Jia B, Luo X, Wang J, Li M. Glucocorticoid Alleviates Mechanical Stress-Induced Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in COPD via Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 1 Channel. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1837-1851. [PMID: 37654522 PMCID: PMC10466112 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s419828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased airway resistance and hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with increased mechanical stress that modulate many essential pathophysiological functions including airway remodeling and inflammation. Our present study aimed to investigate the role of transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1), a mechanosensitive cation channel in airway remodeling and inflammation in COPD and the effect of glucocorticoid on this process. Methods In patients, we investigated the effect of pathological high mechanical stress on the expression of airway remodeling-related cytokines transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and the count of inflammatory cells in endotracheal aspirates (ETAs) by means of different levels of peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) under mechanical ventilation, and analyzed their correlation with TRPC1. Based on whether patients regularly used inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), COPD patients were further divided into ICS group (n = 12) and non-ICS group (n=15). The ICS effect on the expression of TRPC1 was detected by Western blot. In vitro, we imitated the mechanical stress using cyclic stretch and examined the levels of TGF-β1 and MMP-9. The role of TRPC1 was further explored by siRNA transfection and dexamethasone administration. Results Our results revealed that the TRPC1 level and the inflammatory cells counts were significantly higher in COPD group. After mechanical ventilation, the expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in all COPD subgroups was significantly increased, while in the control group, only high PIP subgroup increased. Meanwhile, TRPC1 expression was positively correlated with the counts of inflammatory cells and the levels of TGF-β1 and MMP-9. In vitro, mechanical stretch significantly increased TGF-β1 and MMP-9 levels and such increase was greatly attenuated by TRPC1 siRNA transfection and dexamethasone administration. Conclusion Our results suggest that the increased TRPC1 may play a role in the airway inflammation and airway remodeling in COPD under high airway pressure. Glucocorticoid could in some degree alleviate airway remodeling via inhibition of TRPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, 629000, People’ s Republic of China
| | - Baolin Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, 629000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, 629000, People’ s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minchao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, Zhang N, Pan L, Wang B. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:261. [PMID: 37402746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglu Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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4
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Tang N, Tian W, Ma GY, Xiao X, Zhou L, Li ZZ, Liu XX, Li CY, Wu KH, Liu W, Wang XY, Gao YY, Yang X, Qi J, Li D, Liu Y, Chen WS, Gao J, Li XQ, Cao W. TRPC channels blockade abolishes endotoxemic cardiac dysfunction by hampering intracellular inflammation and Ca 2+ leakage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7455. [PMID: 36460692 PMCID: PMC9718841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation is a key marker in septic cardiac dysfunction; however, regulation of the classic Ca2+ regulatory modules cannot successfully abolish this symptom. Here we show that the knockout of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel isoforms TRPC1 and TRPC6 can ameliorate LPS-challenged heart failure and prolong survival in mice. The LPS-triggered Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum both in cardiomyocytes and macrophages is significantly inhibited by Trpc1 or Trpc6 knockout. Meanwhile, TRPC's molecular partner - calmodulin - is uncoupled during Trpc1 or Trpc6 deficiency and binds to TLR4's Pococurante site and atypical isoleucine-glutamine-like motif to block the inflammation cascade. Blocking the C-terminal CaM/IP3R binding domain in TRPC with chemical inhibitor could obstruct the Ca2+ leak and TLR4-mediated inflammation burst, demonstrating a cardioprotective effect in endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. Our findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of endotoxemic cardiac dysfunction and suggest a novel approach for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tang
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Wen Tian
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Guang-Yuan Ma
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Lei Zhou
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Ze-Zhi Li
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Chong-Yao Li
- grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Ke-Han Wu
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xue-Ying Wang
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Gao
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Yang
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Ding Li
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Wen-Sheng Chen
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Jinming Gao
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,grid.233520.50000 0004 1761 4404Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Wei Cao
- grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China ,grid.144022.10000 0004 1760 4150Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
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5
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Müller I, Alt P, Rajan S, Schaller L, Geiger F, Dietrich A. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Airway Toxicity and Disease: An Update. Cells 2022; 11:2907. [PMID: 36139480 PMCID: PMC9497104 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our respiratory system is exposed to toxicants and pathogens from both sides: the airways and the vasculature. While tracheal, bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells form a natural barrier in the airways, endothelial cells protect the lung from perfused toxic compounds, particulate matter and invading microorganism in the vascular system. Damages induce inflammation by our immune response and wound healing by (myo)fibroblast proliferation. Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channel are expressed in many cells of the respiratory tract and serve multiple functions in physiology and pathophysiology. TRP expression patterns in non-neuronal cells with a focus on TRPA1, TRPC6, TRPM2, TRPM5, TRPM7, TRPV2, TRPV4 and TRPV6 channels are presented, and their roles in barrier function, immune regulation and phagocytosis are summarized. Moreover, TRP channels as future pharmacological targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic and pulmonary fibrosis as well as lung edema are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Dietrich
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LMU-Munich, Nussbaumstr. 26, 80336 Munich, Germany
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6
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Fakhar M, Najumuddin, Zahid S, Rashid S. Structural basis of Klotho binding to VEGFR2 and TRPC1 and repurposing calcium channel blockers as TRPC1 antagonists for the treatment of age-related cardiac hypertrophy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 719:109171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Distribution and Assembly of TRP Ion Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1349:111-138. [PMID: 35138613 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last several decades, a large family of ion channels have been identified and studied intensively as cellular sensors for diverse physical and/or chemical stimuli. Named transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, they play critical roles in various aspects of cellular physiology. A large number of human hereditary diseases are found to be linked to TRP channel mutations, and their dysregulations lead to acute or chronical health problems. As TRP channels are named and categorized mostly based on sequence homology rather than functional similarities, they exhibit substantial functional diversity. Rapid advances in TRP channel study have been made in recent years and reported in a vast body of literature; a summary of the latest advancements becomes necessary. This chapter offers an overview of current understandings of TRP channel distribution and subunit assembly.
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8
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Nam JH, Kim WK. The Role of TRP Channels in Allergic Inflammation and its Clinical Relevance. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1446-1468. [PMID: 30474526 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181126113015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allergy refers to an abnormal adaptive immune response to non-infectious environmental substances (allergen) that can induce various diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis. In this allergic inflammation, various immune cells, such as B cells, T cells, and mast cells, are involved and undergo complex interactions that cause a variety of pathophysiological conditions. In immune cells, calcium ions play a crucial role in controlling intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways. Cations, such as Na+, indirectly modulate the calcium signal generation by regulating cell membrane potential. This intracellular Ca2+ signaling is mediated by various cation channels; among them, the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family is present in almost all immune cell types, and each channel has a unique function in regulating Ca2+ signals. In this review, we focus on the role of TRP ion channels in allergic inflammatory responses in T cells and mast cells. In addition, the TRP ion channels, which are attracting attention in clinical practice in relation to allergic diseases, and the current status of the development of therapeutic agents that target TRP channels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.,Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Kim
- Channelopathy Research Center (CRC), Dongguk University College of Medicine, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University, 27 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Korea
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9
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Li N, He Y, Yang G, Yu Q, Li M. Role of TRPC1 channels in pressure-mediated activation of airway remodeling. Respir Res 2019; 20:91. [PMID: 31092255 PMCID: PMC6518742 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchoconstriction and cough, a characteristic of the asthmatic response, leads to development of compressive stresses in the airway wall. We hypothesized that progressively pathological high mechanical stress could act on mechanosensitive cation channels, such as transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) and then contributes to airway remodeling. Methods We imitate the pathological airway pressure in vitro using cyclic stretch at 10 and 15% elongation. Ca2+ imaging was applied to measure the activity of TRPC1 after bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cyclic stretch for 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 h. To further clarify the function of channnel TRPC1 in the process of mechano-transduction in airway remodeling, the experiment in vivo was implemented. The TRPC1 siRNA and budesonide were applied separately to asthmatic models. The morphological changes were measured by HE and Massion method. The expression levels of TRPC1 were evaluated by real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. The protein expression level of IL-13, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in BALF were measured by ELISA. Results The result showed that cyclic stretch for 15% elongation at 1.5 h could maximize the activity of TRPC1 channel. This influx in Ca2+ was blocked by TRPC1 siRNA. Higher TRPC1 expression was observed in the bronchial epithelial layer of ovalbumin induced asthmatic models. The knockdown of TRPC1 with TRPC1 siRNA was associated with a hampered airway remodeling process, such as decreased bronchial wall thickness and smooth muscle hypertrophy/hyperplasia, a decreased ECM deposition area and inflammation infiltration around airway wall. Meantime, expression of IL-13, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in OVA+TRPC1 siRNA also showed reduced level. TRPC1 intervention treatment showed similar anti-remodeling therapeutic effect with budesonide. Conclusions These results demonstrate that most TRPC1 channels expressed in bronchial epithelial cells mediate the mechanotransduction mechanism. TRPC1 inducing abnormal Ca2+ signal mediates receptor-stimulated and mechanical stimulus-induced airway remodeling. The inhibition of TRPC1 channel could produce similar therapeutic effect as glucocortisteroid to curb the development of asthmatic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye He
- Department of Geriatrics, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Minchao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Xia Y, Xia L, Lou L, Jin R, Shen H, Li W. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Lung 2018; 196:505-516. [PMID: 30094794 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammatory diseases remain a major problem worldwide, such that there is a need for additional therapeutic targets and novel drugs. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a group of non-selective cation channels expressed throughout the body that are regulated by various stimuli. TRP channels have been identified in numerous cell types in the respiratory tract, including sensory neurons, airway epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Different types of TRP channels induce cough in sensory neurons via the vagus nerve. Permeability and cytokine production are also regulated by TRP channels in airway epithelial cells, and these channels also contribute to the modulation of bronchoconstriction. TRP channels may cooperate with other TRP channels, or act in concert with calcium-dependent potassium channels and calcium-activated chloride channel. Hence, TRP channels could be the potential therapeutic targets for chronic airway inflammatory diseases. In this review, we aim to discuss the expression profiles and physiological functions of TRP channels in the airway, and the roles they play in chronic airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Lexin Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lingyun Lou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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11
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Pelletier L, Savignac M. Involvement of ion channels in allergy. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 52:60-67. [PMID: 29704811 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a complex disease, often characterized by an inappropriate Th2 response to normally harmless allergens. Epithelial cells damaged or activated by the allergen produce IL-33, TSLP and IL-25, activating ILC2 and dendritic cells. The latter migrate into lymph nodes where they induce Th2-cell commitment. Th2 and other type 2 innate inflammatory cells trigger inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity. The toolbox consisting of the ion channels varies from one cellular type to another and depends on its activation state, offering the possibility to design novel drugs in the field of allergy. We will discuss about some channels as calcium, nonselective cation, potassium and chloride channels that appear as good candidates in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucette Pelletier
- Center of Physiopathology Toulouse Purpan, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, 31024 Toulouse, France.
| | - Magali Savignac
- Center of Physiopathology Toulouse Purpan, University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, 31024 Toulouse, France
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12
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Profiling calcium signals of in vitro polarized human effector CD4 + T cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:932-943. [PMID: 29626493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into effector subtypes with distinct cytokine profiles and physiological roles is a tightly regulated process, the imbalance of which can lead to an inadequate immune response or autoimmune disease. The crucial role of Ca2+ signals, mainly mediated by the store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in shaping the immune response is well described. However, it is unclear if human effector CD4+ T cell subsets show differential Ca2+ signatures in response to different stimulation methods. Herein, we provide optimized in vitro culture conditions for polarization of human CD4+ effector T cells and characterize their SOCE following both pharmacological store depletion and direct T-cell receptor (TCR) activation. Moreover, we measured whole cell Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ currents (ICRAC) and investigated whether the observed differences correlate to the expression of CRAC genes. Our results show that Ca2+ profiles of helper CD4+ Th1, Th2 and Th17 are distinct and in part shaped by the intensity of stimulation. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are unique being the subtype with the most prominent SOCE response. Analysis of in vivo differentiated Treg unraveled the role of differential expression of ORAI2 in fine-tuning signals in Treg vs. conventional CD4+ T cells.
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Garaud S, Taher TE, Debant M, Burgos M, Melayah S, Berthou C, Parikh K, Pers JO, Luque-Paz D, Chiocchia G, Peppelenbosch M, Isenberg DA, Youinou P, Mignen O, Renaudineau Y, Mageed RA. CD5 expression promotes IL-10 production through activation of the MAPK/Erk pathway and upregulation of TRPC1 channels in B lymphocytes. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 15:158-170. [PMID: 27499044 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD5 is constitutively expressed on T cells and a subset of mature normal and leukemic B cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Important functional properties are associated with CD5 expression in B cells, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, IL-10 production and the promotion of B-lymphocyte survival and transformation. However, the pathway(s) by which CD5 influences the biology of B cells and its dependence on B-cell receptor (BCR) co-signaling remain unknown. In this study, we show that CD5 expression activates a number of important signaling pathways, including Erk1/2, leading to IL-10 production through a novel pathway independent of BCR engagement. This pathway is dependent on extracellular calcium (Ca2+) entry facilitated by upregulation of the transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) protein. We also show that Erk1/2 activation in a subgroup of CLL patients is associated with TRPC1 overexpression. In this subgroup of CLL patients, small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) for CD5 reduces TRPC1 expression. Furthermore, siRNAs for CD5 or for TRPC1 inhibit IL-10 production. These findings provide new insights into the role of CD5 in B-cell biology in health and disease and could pave the way for new treatment strategies for patients with B-CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soizic Garaud
- INSERM ERI29/EA2216, réseau epigenetique and réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Brest University Medical School, Brest 29609, France
| | - Taher E Taher
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marjolaine Debant
- INSERM ERI29/EA2216, réseau epigenetique and réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Brest University Medical School, Brest 29609, France
| | - Miguel Burgos
- Canalopathy and Calcium Signaling, INSERM UMR1078, Brest 29238, France
| | - Sarra Melayah
- INSERM ERI29/EA2216, réseau epigenetique and réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Brest University Medical School, Brest 29609, France
| | - Christian Berthou
- INSERM ERI29/EA2216, réseau epigenetique and réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Brest University Medical School, Brest 29609, France
| | - Kaushal Parikh
- Centre for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- INSERM ERI29/EA2216, réseau epigenetique and réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Brest University Medical School, Brest 29609, France
| | - Damien Luque-Paz
- INSERM ERI29/EA2216, réseau epigenetique and réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Brest University Medical School, Brest 29609, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Morvan, Brest 29609, France
| | | | - Maikel Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Pierre Youinou
- INSERM ERI29/EA2216, réseau epigenetique and réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Brest University Medical School, Brest 29609, France
| | - Olivier Mignen
- Canalopathy and Calcium Signaling, INSERM UMR1078, Brest 29238, France
| | - Yves Renaudineau
- INSERM ERI29/EA2216, réseau epigenetique and réseau canaux ioniques du Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, Brest University Medical School, Brest 29609, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CHU Morvan, Brest 29609, France
| | - Rizgar A Mageed
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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14
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From GTP and G proteins to TRPC channels: a personal account. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:941-53. [PMID: 26377676 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
By serendipity and good fortune, as a postdoctoral fellow in 1967, I landed at the right place at the right time, as I was allowed to investigate the mechanism by which hormones activate the enzyme adenylyl cyclase (then adenyl cyclase) in Martin Rodbell's Laboratory at the NIH in Bethesda, Maryland. The work uncovered first, the existence of receptors separate from the enzyme and then, the existence of transduction mechanisms requiring guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) and Mg(2+). With my laboratory colleagues first and postdoctoral fellows after leaving NIH, I participated in the development of the field "signal transduction by G proteins," uncovered by molecular cloning several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and became interested in both the molecular makeup of voltage-gated Ca channels and Ca2+ homeostasis downstream of activation of phospholipase C (PLC) by the Gq/11 signaling pathway. We were able to confirm the hypothesis that there would be mammalian homologues of the Drosophila "transient receptor potential" channel and discovered the existence of six of the seven mammalian genes, now called transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. In the present article, I summarize from a bird's eye view of what I feel were key findings along this path, not only from my laboratory but also from many others, that allowed for the present knowledge of cell signaling involving G proteins to evolve. Towards the end, I summarize roles of TRPC channels in health and disease.
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Transient Receptor Potential Channel 1 Deficiency Impairs Host Defense and Proinflammatory Responses to Bacterial Infection by Regulating Protein Kinase Cα Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2729-39. [PMID: 26031335 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00256-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) is a nonselective cation channel that is required for Ca(2+) homeostasis necessary for cellular functions. However, whether TRPC1 is involved in infectious disease remains unknown. Here, we report a novel function for TRPC1 in host defense against Gram-negative bacteria. TRPC1(-/-) mice exhibited decreased survival, severe lung injury, and systemic bacterial dissemination upon infection. Furthermore, silencing of TRPC1 showed decreased Ca(2+) entry, reduced proinflammatory cytokines, and lowered bacterial clearance. Importantly, TRPC1 functioned as an endogenous Ca(2+) entry channel critical for proinflammatory cytokine production in both alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells. We further identified that bacterium-mediated activation of TRPC1 was dependent on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) store depletion. After activation of phospholipase Cγ (PLC-γ), TRPC1 mediated Ca(2+) entry and triggered protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activity to facilitate nuclear translocation of NF-κB/Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and augment the proinflammatory response, leading to tissue damage and eventually mortality. These findings reveal that TRPC1 is required for host defense against bacterial infections through the TLR4-TRPC1-PKCα signaling circuit.
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Lindemann O, Strodthoff C, Horstmann M, Nielsen N, Jung F, Schimmelpfennig S, Heitzmann M, Schwab A. TRPC1 regulates fMLP-stimulated migration and chemotaxis of neutrophil granulocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2122-30. [PMID: 25595528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils form the first line of defense of the innate immune system and are rapidly recruited by chemotactic signals to sites of inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms of neutrophil chemotaxis is therefore of great interest for the potential development of new immunoregulatory therapies. It has been shown that members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels are involved in both cell migration and chemotaxis. In this study, we demonstrate that TRPC1 channels play an important role in fMLP mediated chemotaxis and migration of murine neutrophils. The knock-out of TRPC1 channels leads to an impaired migration, transmigration and chemotaxis of the neutrophils. In contrast, Ca²⁺ influx but not store release after activation of the TRPC1(-/-) neutrophils with fMLP is strongly enhanced. We show that the enhanced Ca²⁺ influx in the TRPC1(-/-) neutrophils is associated with a steepened front to rear gradient of the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration with higher levels at the cell rear. Taken together, this paper highlights a distinct role of TRPC1 in neutrophil migration and chemotaxis. We propose that TRPC1 controls the activity of further Ca²⁺ influx channels and thus regulates the maintenance of intracellular Ca²⁺ gradients which are critical for cell migration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lindemann
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - C Strodthoff
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Horstmann
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - N Nielsen
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Schimmelpfennig
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Heitzmann
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Morty RE, Kuebler WM. TRPV4: an exciting new target to promote alveolocapillary barrier function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L817-21. [PMID: 25281637 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00254.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are emerging as important players and drug targets in respiratory disease. Amongst the vanilloid-type TRP channels (which includes the six members of the TRPV family), target diseases include cough, asthma, cancer, and more recently, pulmonary edema associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here, we critically evaluate a recent report that addresses TRPV4 as a candidate target for the management of acute lung injury that develops as a consequence of aspiration of gastric contents, or acute chlorine gas exposure. By use of two new TRPV4 inhibitors (GSK2220691 or GSK2337429A) and a trpv4(-/-) mouse strain, TRPV4 was implicated as a key mediator of pulmonary inflammation after direct chemical insult. Additionally, applied therapeutically, TRPV4 inhibitors exhibited vasculoprotective effects after chlorine gas exposure, inhibiting vascular leakage, and improving blood oxygenation. These observations underscore TRPV4 channels as candidate therapeutic targets in the management of lung injury, with the added need to balance these against the potential drawbacks of TRPV4 inhibition, such as the danger of limiting the immune response in settings of pathogen-provoked injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and The Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Classical Transient Receptor Potential 1 (TRPC1): Channel or Channel Regulator? Cells 2014; 3:939-62. [PMID: 25268281 PMCID: PMC4276908 DOI: 10.3390/cells3040939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to other Classical Transient Receptor Potential TRPC channels the function of TRPC1 as an ion channel is a matter of debate, because it is often difficult to obtain substantial functional signals over background in response to over-expression of TRPC1 alone. Along these lines, heterologously expressed TRPC1 is poorly translocated to the plasma membrane as a homotetramer and may not function on its own physiologically, but may rather be an important linker and regulator protein in heteromeric TRPC channel tetramers. However, due to the lack of specific TRPC1 antibodies able to detect native TRPC1 channels in primary cells, identification of functional TRPC1 containing heteromeric TRPC channel complexes in the plasma membrane is still challenging. Moreover, an extended TRPC1 cDNA, which was recently discovered, may seriously question results obtained in heterologous expression systems transfected with shortened cDNA versions. Therefore, this review will focus on the current status of research on TRPC1 function obtained in primary cells and a TRPC1-deficient mouse model.
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Bon RS, Beech DJ. In pursuit of small molecule chemistry for calcium-permeable non-selective TRPC channels -- mirage or pot of gold? Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:459-74. [PMID: 23763262 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary purpose of this review is to address the progress towards small molecule modulators of human Transient Receptor Potential Canonical proteins (TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, TRPC6 and TRPC7). These proteins generate channels for calcium and sodium ion entry. They are relevant to many mammalian cell types including acinar gland cells, adipocytes, astrocytes, cardiac myocytes, cochlea hair cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, hepatocytes, keratinocytes, leukocytes, mast cells, mesangial cells, neurones, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, platelets, podocytes, smooth muscle cells, skeletal muscle and tumour cells. There are broad-ranging positive roles of the channels in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, survival and turning, vascular permeability, hypertrophy, wound-healing, hypo-adiponectinaemia, angiogenesis, neointimal hyperplasia, oedema, thrombosis, muscle endurance, lung hyper-responsiveness, glomerular filtration, gastrointestinal motility, pancreatitis, seizure, innate fear, motor coordination, saliva secretion, mast cell degranulation, cancer cell drug resistance, survival after myocardial infarction, efferocytosis, hypo-matrix metalloproteinase, vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. Known small molecule stimulators of the channels include hyperforin, genistein and rosiglitazone, but there is more progress with inhibitors, some of which have promising potency and selectivity. The inhibitors include 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, 2-aminoquinolines, 2-aminothiazoles, fatty acids, isothiourea derivatives, naphthalene sulfonamides, N-phenylanthranilic acids, phenylethylimidazoles, piperazine/piperidine analogues, polyphenols, pyrazoles and steroids. A few of these agents are starting to be useful as tools for determining the physiological and pathophysiological functions of TRPC channels. We suggest that the pursuit of small molecule modulators for TRPC channels is important but that it requires substantial additional effort and investment before we can reap the rewards of highly potent and selective pharmacological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S Bon
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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20
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Liao Y, Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L. The TRPC family of TRP channels: roles inferred (mostly) from knockout mice and relationship to ORAI proteins. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2014; 223:1055-1075. [PMID: 24961980 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05161-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aside from entering into cells through voltage gated Ca channels and Na/Ca exchangers in those cells that express these proteins, for all cells be they excitable or non-excitable, Ca(2+) enters through channels that are activated downstream of phosphoinositide mobilization (activation of phospholipase C, PLC) and through channels that are activated secondary to depletion of internal stores. Depletion of internal stores activates plasma membrane channels known as ORAIs. Activation of PLCs activates the canonical class of transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs), and, because this activation also causes depletion of Ca(2+) stores, also ORAI based channels. Whereas the activation of ORAI is a well-accepted phenomenon, it appears that TRPC channels also participate in Ca(2+) entry triggered by store depletion with or without participation of ORAI molecules. Regardless of molecular makeup of TRPC containing channels, a plethora of studies have shown TRPCs to be important both in physiologic systems as well as in pathophysiologic phenomena. Particularly important in defining roles of TRPCs, have been studies with mice with targeted disruption of their genes, i.e., with TRPC KO mice. In this chapter we first focus on TRPCs as regulators of body functions in health and disease, and then focus on the possible make-up of the channels of which they participate. A hypothesis is set forth, whereby ORAI dimers are proposed to be regulatory subunits of tetrameric TRPC channels and serve as structural units that form ORAI channels either as dimers of dimers or trimers of dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China,
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Abstract
The TRPC1 ion channel was the first mammalian TRP channel to be cloned. In humans, it is encoded by the TRPC1 gene located in chromosome 3. The protein is predicted to consist of six transmembrane segments with the N- and C-termini located in the cytoplasm. The extracellular loop connecting transmembrane segments 5 and 6 participates in the formation of the ionic pore region. Inside the cell, TRPC1 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, intracellular vesicles, and primary cilium, an antenna-like sensory organelle functioning as a signaling platform. In human and rodent tissues, it shows an almost ubiquitous expression. TRPC1 interacts with a diverse group of proteins including ion channel subunits, receptors, and cytosolic proteins to mediate its effect on Ca(2+) signaling. It primarily functions as a cation nonselective channel within pathways controlling Ca(2+) entry in response to cell surface receptor activation. Through these pathways, it affects basic cell functions, such as proliferation and survival, differentiation, secretion, and cell migration, as well as cell type-specific functions such as chemotropic turning of neuronal growth cones and myoblast fusion. The biological role of TRPC1 has been studied in genetically engineered mice where the Trpc1 gene has been experimentally ablated. Although these mice live to adulthood, they show defects in several organs and tissues, such as the cardiovascular, central nervous, skeletal and muscular, and immune systems. Genetic and functional studies have implicated TRPC1 in diabetic nephropathy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cancer, seizures, and Darier-White skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Nesin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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Boudes M, Uvin P, Pinto S, Freichel M, Birnbaumer L, Voets T, De Ridder D, Vennekens R. Crucial role of TRPC1 and TRPC4 in cystitis-induced neuronal sprouting and bladder overactivity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69550. [PMID: 23922735 PMCID: PMC3726658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE During cystitis, increased innervation of the bladder by sensory nerves may contribute to bladder overactivity and pain. The mechanisms whereby cystitis leads to hyperinnervation of the bladder are, however, poorly understood. Since TRP channels have been implicated in the guidance of growth cones and survival of neurons, we investigated their involvement in the increases in bladder innervation and bladder activity in rodent models of cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce bladder hyperactivity, we chronically injected cyclophosphamide in rats and mice. All experiments were performed a week later. We used quantitative transcriptional analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine TRP channel expression on retrolabelled bladder sensory neurons. To assess bladder function and referred hyperalgesia, urodynamic analysis, detrusor strip contractility and Von Frey filament experiments were done in wild type and knock-out mice. RESULTS Repeated cyclophosphamide injections induce a specific increase in the expression of TRPC1 and TRPC4 in bladder-innervating sensory neurons and the sprouting of sensory fibers in the bladder mucosa. Interestingly, cyclophosphamide-treated Trpc1/c4(-/-) mice no longer exhibited increased bladder innervations, and, concomitantly, the development of bladder overactivity was diminished in these mice. We did not observe a difference neither in bladder contraction features of double knock-out animals nor in cyclophosphamide-induced referred pain behavior. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that TRPC1 and TRPC4 are involved in the sprouting of sensory neurons following bladder cystitis, which leads to overactive bladder disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Boudes
- Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Medic N, Desai A, Olivera A, Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L, Beaven MA, Gilfillan AM, Metcalfe DD. Knockout of the Trpc1 gene reveals that TRPC1 can promote recovery from anaphylaxis by negatively regulating mast cell TNF-α production. Cell Calcium 2013; 53:315-26. [PMID: 23489970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-mediated mast cell (MC) degranulation is the critical early event in the induction of allergic reactions. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPC), particularly TRPC1, are thought to contribute to such MC activation. To explore the contribution of TRPC1 in MC-driven allergic reactions, we examined antigen-mediated anaphylaxis in Trpc1⁻/⁻ and WT mice, and TRPC1 involvement in the activation of MCs derived from the bone marrow (BMMCs) of these mice. In vivo, we observed a similar induction of passive systemic anaphylaxis in the Trpc1⁻/⁻ mice compared to WT controls. Nevertheless, there was delayed recovery from this response in Trpc1⁻/⁻ mice. Furthermore, contrary to expectations, Trpc1⁻/⁻ BMMCs responded to antigen with enhanced calcium signaling but with little defect in degranulation or associated signaling. In contrast, antigen-mediated production of TNF-α, and other cytokines, was enhanced in the Trpc1⁻/⁻ BMMCs, as were calcium-dependent events required for these responses. Additionally, circulating levels of TNF-α in response to antigen were preferentially elevated in the Trpc1⁻/⁻ mice, and administration of an anti-TNF-α antibody blocked the delay in recovery from anaphylaxis in these mice. These data thus provide evidence that, in this model, TRPC1 promotes recovery from the anaphylactic response by repressing antigen-mediated TNF-α release from MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevenka Medic
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
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