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Pang X, Liu X. Immune Dysregulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:652-694. [PMID: 38573590 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2334296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease whose incidence increase with age and is characterised by chronic inflammation and significant immune dysregulation. Inhalation of toxic substances cause oxidative stress in the lung tissue as well as airway inflammation, under the recruitment of chemokines, immune cells gathered and are activated to play a defensive role. However, persistent inflammation damages the immune system and leads to immune dysregulation, which is mainly manifested in the reduction of the body's immune response to antigens, and immune cells function are impaired, further destroy the respiratory defensive system, leading to recurrent lower respiratory infections and progressive exacerbation of the disease, thus immune dysregulation play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. This review summarizes the changes of innate and adaptive immune-related cells during the pathogenesis of COPD, aiming to control COPD airway inflammation and improve lung tissue remodelling by regulating immune dysregulation, for further reducing the risk of COPD progression and opening new avenues of therapeutic intervention in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Pang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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2
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Ma SB, Liu L, Li X, Xie YH, Shi XP, Wang SW. Virtual screening-molecular docking-activity evaluation of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) swingle bark in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:197. [PMID: 37322476 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic basis of the dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle for the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on Virtual Screening-Molecular Docking-Activity Evaluation technology. METHODS By searching the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology TCMSP Database and Analysis Platform, 89 compounds were obtained from the chemical components of the dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Then, after preliminarily screening the compounds based on Lipinski's rule of five and other relevant conditions, the AutoDock Vina molecular docking software was used to evaluate the affinity of the compounds to ulcerative colitis-related target proteins and their binding modes through use of the scoring function to identify the best candidate compounds. Further verification of the compound's properties was achieved through in vitro experiments. RESULTS Twenty-two compounds obtained from the secondary screening were molecularly docked with ulcerative colitis-related target proteins (IL-1R, TLR, EGFR, TGFR, and Wnt) using AutoDock Vina. The free energies of the highest scoring compounds binding to the active cavity of human IL-1R, TLR, EGFR, TGFR, and Wnt proteins were - 8.7, - 8.0, - 9.2, - 7.7, and - 8.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The potential compounds, dehydrocrebanine, ailanthone, and kaempferol, were obtained through scoring function and docking mode analysis. Furthermore, the potential compound ailanthone (1, 3, and 10 µM) was found to have no significant effect on cell proliferation, though at 10 µM it reduced the level of pro-inflammatory factors caused by lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSION Among the active components of the dried bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, ailanthone plays a major role in its anti-inflammatory properties. The present study shows that ailanthone has advantages in cell proliferation and in inhibiting of inflammation, but further animal research is needed to confirm its pharmaceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Bo Ma
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lun Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Si-Wang Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Biswas M, Suvarna R, Krishnan S V, Devasia T, Shenoy Belle V, Prabhu K. The mechanistic role of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio perturbations in the leading non communicable lifestyle diseases. F1000Res 2022; 11:960. [PMID: 36619602 PMCID: PMC9780608 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123245.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inflammatory responses are indispensable for pathogen control and tissue repair, but they also cause collateral damage. A chronically activated immune system and the resultant immune dysregulation mediated inflammatory surge may cause multiple negative effects, requiring tight regulation and dampening of the immune response to minimize host injury. While chronic diseases are characterized by systemic inflammation, the mechanistic relationship of neutrophils and lymphocytes to inflammation and its correlation with the clinical outcomes is yet to be elucidated. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easy-to-measure laboratory marker used to assess systemic inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms of NLR perturbations in chronic diseases is crucial for risk stratification, early intervention, and finding novel therapeutic targets. We investigated the correlation between NLR and prevalent chronic conditions as a measure of systemic inflammation. In addition to predicting the risk of impending chronic conditions, NLR may also provide insight into their progression. This review summarizes the mechanisms of NLR perturbations at cellular and molecular levels, and the key inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the progression of chronic diseases. We have also explored preclinical studies investigating these pathways and the effect of quelling inflammation in chronic disease as reported by a few in vitro, in vivo studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Renuka Suvarna
- Division of Ayurveda, Center for Integrative Medicine and Research, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vimal Krishnan S
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Tom Devasia
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vijetha Shenoy Belle
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India,
| | - Krishnananda Prabhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India,
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4
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Uliński R, Kwiecień I, Domagała-Kulawik J. Lung Cancer in the Course of COPD-Emerging Problems Today. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153819. [PMID: 35954482 PMCID: PMC9367492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking remains the main cause of tobacco-dependent diseases like lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in addition to cardiovascular diseases and other cancers. Whilst the majority of smokers will not develop either COPD or lung cancer, they are closely related diseases, occurring as co-morbidities at a higher rate than if they were independently triggered by smoking. A patient with COPD has a four- to six-fold greater risk of developing lung cancer independent of smoking exposure, when compared to matched smokers with normal lung function. The 10 year risk is about 8.8% in the COPD group and only 2% in patients with normal lung function. COPD is not a uniform disorder: there are different phenotypes. One of them is manifested by the prevalence of emphysema and this is complicated by malignant processes most often. Here, we present and discuss the clinical problems of COPD in patients with lung cancer and against lung cancer in the course of COPD. There are common pathological pathways in both diseases. These are inflammation with participation of macrophages and neutrophils and proteases. It is known that anticancer immune regulation is distorted towards immunosuppression, while in COPD the elements of autoimmunity are described. Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes B and regulatory T cells with the important role of check point molecules are involved in both processes. A growing number of lung cancer patients are treated with immune check point inhibitors (ICIs), and it was found that COPD patients may have benefits from this treatment. Altogether, the data point to the necessity for deeper analysis and intensive research studies to limit the burden of these serious diseases by prevention and by elaboration of specific therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Uliński
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kwiecień
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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5
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Lai HC, Lin TL, Chen TW, Kuo YL, Chang CJ, Wu TR, Shu CC, Tsai YH, Swift S, Lu CC. Gut microbiota modulates COPD pathogenesis: role of anti-inflammatory Parabacteroides goldsteinii lipopolysaccharide. Gut 2022; 71:309-321. [PMID: 33687943 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global disease characterised by chronic obstruction of lung airflow interfering with normal breathing. Although the microbiota of respiratory tract is established to be associated with COPD, the causality of gut microbiota in COPD development is not yet established. We aimed to address the connection between gut microbiota composition and lung COPD development, and characterise bacteria and their derived active components for COPD amelioration. DESIGN A murine cigarette smoking (CS)-based model of COPD and strategies evaluating causal effects of microbiota were performed. Gut microbiota structure was analysed, followed by isolation of target bacterium. Single cell RNA sequencing, together with sera metabolomics analyses were performed to identify host responsive molecules. Bacteria derived active component was isolated, followed by functional assays. RESULTS Gut microbiota composition significantly affects CS-induced COPD development, and faecal microbiota transplantation restores COPD pathogenesis. A commensal bacterium Parabacteroides goldsteinii was isolated and shown to ameliorate COPD. Reduction of intestinal inflammation and enhancement of cellular mitochondrial and ribosomal activities in colon, systematic restoration of aberrant host amino acids metabolism in sera, and inhibition of lung inflammations act as the important COPD ameliorative mechanisms. Besides, the lipopolysaccharide derived from P. goldsteinii is anti-inflammatory, and significantly ameliorates COPD by acting as an antagonist of toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota-lung COPD axis was connected. A potentially benefial bacterial strain and its functional component may be developed and used as alternative agents for COPD prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, XiaMen, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Kuo
- Biotools, Co, Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chang
- Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, XiaMen, China
| | - Tsung-Ru Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Shu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, XiaMen, China
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan .,Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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The functions of CD4 T-helper lymphocytes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:173-178. [PMID: 35130627 PMCID: PMC9827934 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been increasingly accounted for global morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although it is partially reversible, the obstructive ventilatory schema of COPD often causes chronic inflammation that primarily affects peripheral airways, pulmonary parenchyma, and the development of lung lymphoid follicles. Among various T-helper (Th) cell types associated with COPD, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell numbers are increased in COPD patients, whereas Treg cell number is reduced. Here, we reviewed recent advance in understanding the roles of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg in the pathogenesis of COPD and discussed the potential underlying mechanism.
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7
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D’Anna SE, Maniscalco M, Cappello F, Carone M, Motta A, Balbi B, Ricciardolo FLM, Caramori G, Di Stefano A. Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Med 2021; 53:135-150. [PMID: 32997525 PMCID: PMC7877965 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1831050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial-viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response may restore a balanced lung homeostasis, reducing the risk of lung function decline. KEY MESSAGE Bacteria and viruses can influence the responses of the innate and adaptive immune system in the lung of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The relationship between viruses and bacterial colonization, and the consequences of the imbalance of these components can modulate the inflammatory state of the COPD lung. The complex actions involving immune trigger cells, which activate innate and cell-mediated inflammatory responses, could be responsible for the clinical consequences of irreversible airflow limitation, lung remodelling and emphysema in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Istologia Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- UOC Pulmonology and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Fabio L. M. Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini morfologiche e funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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8
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Maté I, Martínez de Toda I, Arranz L, Álvarez-Sala JL, De la Fuente M. Accelerated immunosenescence, oxidation and inflammation lead to a higher biological age in COPD patients. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111551. [PMID: 34530106 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by inflammatory and oxidative alterations in the lung and extrapulmonary compartments, through involvement of the immune system. Several leukocyte functions are health markers and good predictors of longevity, and high pro-inflammatory and oxidative states are related to more aged profiles. Here, we aimed to investigate the aging rate in terms of immunosenescence in COPD men with respect to healthy age-matched controls. Several neutrophil (adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, superoxide anion stimulated production) and lymphocyte (adherence, chemotaxis, lymphoproliferation, natural killer activity) functions, cytokine concentrations released in response to lipopolysaccharide (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10) and redox parameters (intracellular glutathione content, basal superoxide anion level) were assessed in circulating leukocytes of men with moderate and severe stages of COPD, and compared to healthy age-matched volunteers. The biological age or aging rate in each participant was determined using the values of leukocyte functions. The results indicated impairment of immune functions in COPD patients, both in innate and adaptive immunity, and higher pro-inflammatory and oxidative states in peripheral leukocytes than controls. In general, these changes were more remarkable at the severe stage of airway obstruction. Importantly, COPD patients were found to be aging at a faster rate than age-matched healthy counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianire Maté
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Arranz
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Álvarez-Sala
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Animal Physiology Unit), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
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Kong N, Chen G, Wang H, Li J, Yin S, Cao X, Wang T, Li X, Li Y, Zhang H, Yu S, Tang J, Sood A, Zheng Y, Leng S. Blood leukocyte count as a systemic inflammatory biomarker associated with a more rapid spirometric decline in a large cohort of iron and steel industry workers. Respir Res 2021; 22:254. [PMID: 34565362 PMCID: PMC8467242 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Iron and steel industry workers are exposed to high levels of inhalable dust particles that contain various elements, including metals, and cause occupational lung diseases. We aim to assess the relationship between occupational dust exposure, systemic inflammation, and spirometric decline in a cohort of Chinese iron and steel workers. Methods We studied 7513 workers who participated in a Health Surveillance program at Wugang Institute for Occupational Health between 2008 and 2017. Time-weighted exposure intensity (TWEI) of dust was quantified based on self-reported dust exposure history, the experience of occupational hygienists, and historical data of dust exposure for workers with certain job titles. A linear mixed-effects model was used for association analyses. Results The average annual change of lung function was − 50.78 ml/year in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and − 34.36 ml/year in forced vital capacity (FVC) in males, and − 39.06 ml/year in FEV1 and − 26.66 ml/year in FVC in females. Higher TWEI prior to baseline was associated with lower longitudinal measurements of FEV1 and FVC but not with their decline rates. Higher WBC and its differential at baseline were associated with lower longitudinal measurements and a more rapid decline of FEV1 and FVC in a dose-dependent monotonically increasing manner. Moreover, the increase of WBC and its differential post-baseline was also associated with a more rapid decline of FEV1 and FVC. Conclusions Our findings support the important role of systemic inflammation in affecting the temporal change of lung function in iron and steel industry workers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01849-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Kong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Guoshun Chen
- Wugang Institute for Occupational Health, Wuyang Iron and Steel Company Limited of Hangang Group in Henan, Wuyang, Henan, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Shuzhen Yin
- Wugang Institute for Occupational Health, Wuyang Iron and Steel Company Limited of Hangang Group in Henan, Wuyang, Henan, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Huanling Zhang
- Wugang Institute for Occupational Health, Wuyang Iron and Steel Company Limited of Hangang Group in Henan, Wuyang, Henan, China
| | - Shanfa Yu
- Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Akshay Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA. .,Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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10
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Rotondo JC, Aquila G, Oton-Gonzalez L, Selvatici R, Rizzo P, De Mattei M, Pavasini R, Tognon M, Campo GC, Martini F. Methylation of SERPINA1 gene promoter may predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients affected by acute coronary syndrome. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:79. [PMID: 33858475 PMCID: PMC8048251 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnostic biomarkers for detecting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients are not available. SERPINA1, coding for the most potent circulating anti-inflammatory protein in the lung, has been found to be differentially methylated in blood cells from COPD patients. This study aimed to investigate the methylation profile of SERPINA1 in blood cells from ACS patients, with (COPD+) or without COPD (COPD−). Methods Blood samples were from 115 ACS patients, including 30 COPD+ and 85 COPD− according to lung function phenotype, obtained with spirometry. DNA treated with sodium bisulfite was PCR-amplified at SERPINA1 promoter region. Methylation analysis was carried out by sequencing the PCR products. Lymphocytes count in ACS patients was recorded at hospital admission and discharge. Results SERPINA1 was hypermethylated in 24/30 (80%) COPD+ and 48/85 (56.5%) COPD− (p < 0.05). Interestingly, at hospital discharge, lymphocytes count was higher in COPD− patients carrying SERPINA1 hypermethylated (1.98 × 103 ± 0.6 cell/µl) than in COPD− carrying SERPINA1 hypomethylated (1.7 × 103 ± 0.48 cell/µl) (p < 0.05). Conclusions SERPINA1 is hypermethylated in blood cells from COPD+ patients. COPD− carrying SERPINA1 hypermethylated and high lymphocytes count may be at risk of COPD development. Therefore, SERPINA1 hypermethylation may represent a potential biomarker for predicting COPD development in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Rita Selvatici
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 70 Eliporto Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica De Mattei
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Rita Pavasini
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. .,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 70 Eliporto Street, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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11
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Bel’skaya LV, Sarf EA, Solomatin DV, Kosenok VK. Salivary Metabolic Profile of Patients with Lung Cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of Varying Severity and Their Comorbidity: A Preliminary Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121095. [PMID: 33333922 PMCID: PMC7765349 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the features of the salivary biochemical composition in the combined pathology of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of varying severity (COPD I, COPD II). The study group included patients with lung cancer (n = 392), non-malignant lung pathologies (n = 168) and healthy volunteers (n = 500). Before treatment, the salivary biochemical composition was determined according to 34 indicators. Survival analysis performed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Biochemical parameters (catalase, imidazole compounds ICs, sialic acids, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) that can be used to monitor patients at risk (COPD I) for timely diagnosis of lung cancer are determined. A complex of salivary biochemical indicators with prognostic value in lung cancer was revealed. For patients with lung cancer without COPD, a group of patients with a favorable prognosis can be distinguished with a combination of ICs < 0.478 mmol/L and LDH >1248 U/L (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 0.40–6.07, p = 0.03891). For COPD I, a level of ICs < 0.182 mmol/L are prognostically favorable (HR = 1.74, 95% CI 0.71–4.21, p = 0.07270). For COPD II, combinations of pH < 6.74 and LDH >1006 U/L are prognostically favorable. In general, for patients with lung cancer in combination with COPD I, the prognosis is more favorable than without COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V. Bel’skaya
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14, Tukhachevsky str, 644043 Omsk, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena A. Sarf
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14, Tukhachevsky str, 644043 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Solomatin
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematics Teaching Methods, Omsk State Pedagogical University, 14, Tukhachevsky str, 644043 Omsk, Russia;
| | - Victor K. Kosenok
- Department of Oncology, Omsk State Medical University, 12, Lenina str, 644099 Omsk, Russia;
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12
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He D, Li J, Zhou B, Chen Y, Hui Q, Ye F, Zhang L, He X, Niu W, Zhang Q. A correlational meta-analytical study of transforming growth factor-β genetic polymorphisms as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Gene 2020; 744:144633. [PMID: 32240778 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have examined the association between transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genetic polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, but the results remained inconclusive and controversial. AIMS We aimed to examine the correlation between TGF-β genetic polymorphisms and COPD risk through a comprehensive meta-analysis. Additionally, changes in circulating TGF-β concentrations across genotypes of TGF-β genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. METHODS Literature search, quality assessment, and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate. Data are expressed in odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS A total of 12 articles, involving 14 independent studies and 7 170 participants, were meta-analyzed for the correlation of five polymorphisms (rs2241712, rs1800469, rs1982073, rs6957, and rs2241718) in TGF-β gene with COPD risk. Under the allele model, no statistical significance was observed for all polymorphisms associated with COPD risk. Subsidiary analyses indicated that country, COPD stage, and diagnosis of COPD were potential sources of between-study heterogeneity. Filled full plots revealed no missing studies for all studied polymorphisms, except rs1982073. Genotype-phenotype analyses showed that carriers of rs1800469 CT genotype had significantly higher concentrations of circulating TGF-β than those with CC genotype in COPD patients (WMD: 0.28 pg/ml, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.56). CONCLUSION Our findings failed to support the candidacy of TGF-β gene in the development of COPD, whereas the contribution of TGF-β gene to COPD might be ethnicity- and stage-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lipeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuge He
- Department of Urology, Anshan Cancer Hospital, Anshan, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Wenquan Niu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.
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13
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Alveolar type 2 progenitor cells for lung injury repair. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:63. [PMID: 30774991 PMCID: PMC6368612 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 progenitor cells (AT2) seem closest to clinical translation, specifying the evidence that AT2 may satisfactorily control the immune response to decrease lung injury by stabilizing host immune-competence and a classic and crucial resource for lung regeneration and repair. AT2 establish potential in benefiting injured lungs. However, significant discrepancies linger in our understanding vis-à-vis the mechanisms for AT2 as a regime for stem cell therapy as well as essential guiding information for clinical trials, including effectiveness in appropriate pre-clinical models, safety, mostly specifications for divergent lung injury patients. These important gaps shall be systematically investigated prior to the vast therapeutic perspective of AT2 cells for pulmonary diseases can be considered. This review focused on AT2 cells homeostasis, pathophysiological changes in the pathogenesis of lung injury, physiological function of AT2 cells, apoptosis of AT2 cells in lung diseases, the role of AT2 cells in repairing processes after lung injury, mechanism of AT2 cells activation promote repairing processes after lung injury, and potential therapy of lung disease by utilizing the AT2 progenitor cells. The advancement remains to causally connect the molecular and cellular alteration of AT2 cells to lung injury and repair. Conclusively, it is identified that AT2 cells can convert into AT1 cells; but, the comprehensive cellular mechanisms involved in this transition are unrevealed. Further investigation is mandatory to determine new strategies to prevent lung injury.
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14
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Yang B, Guo J, Xiao C. Effect of PM2.5 environmental pollution on rat lung. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36136-36146. [PMID: 30357727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a continuing challenge to pulmonary health. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in PM2.5 exposure-induced acute lung injury in rats. We analyzed biochemical and morphological changes following a 2-week "real-world" exposure. And then we found that PM2.5 exposure increased the concentrations of total protein, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and soluble elastin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, levels of cytokines in blood, and expression of MMP-9 in airways. Further, alveolar macrophage and neutrophil counts increased following PM2.5 exposure, and edema and lung lesions were observed. Our results suggest that PM2.5 exposure can induce oxidative stress and acute inflammatory responses, which can damage the micro-environment and decrease the repair ability of the lung, resulting in tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Guo
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Białas AJ, Liberski PP, Zielińska A, Kumor-Kisielewska A, Szewczyk K, Miłkowska-Dymanowska J, Sitarek P, Piotrowski WJ, Górski P. Morphometric analysis of mitochondria in lymphocytes of patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - pilot study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2313-2318. [PMID: 30104871 PMCID: PMC6072681 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s163249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ECOPD) are important events in the course of the disease, negatively influencing health status and disease progression. Therefore, there is a strong need for deeper understanding of the pathology of ECOPD to elaborate new therapeutic approaches and ameliorate prognoses. Contributions of mitochondria to pathobiology of COPD are still under investigation, although growing evidence suggests their important role in this disease. The aim of our study was to assess the morphometric parameters of mitochondria in lymphocytes of patients with ECOPD. Patients and methods Lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with COPD. Transmission electron microscopy was used to assess absolute number of mitochondria per cell, mitochondrial content, and morphometric parameters of individual mitochondria. We also counted indexes for elongation and interconnectivity. Results Eighteen patients (9 with ECOPD and 9 in the stable period of the disease) were analyzed. We observed significantly lower length of mitochondrion (P=0.03) and significant decrease both in elongation (P=0.03) and interconnectivity indexes (P=0.04) in ECOPD patients. Conclusions The morphometric parameters of mitochondria in lymphocytes derived from patients during the early period of ECOPD requiring hospitalization are altered in comparison to patients in the stable period of the disease. This suggests their contribution to pathobiology of ECOPD. These preliminary outcomes should be further validated in larger size samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Białas
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland,
| | - Paweł P Liberski
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Zielińska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Kumor-Kisielewska
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland, .,Laboratory of Respiratory Immunopathology, Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Szewczyk
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland, .,Laboratory of Respiratory Immunopathology, Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland,
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16
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Guiedem E, Ikomey GM, Nkenfou C, Walter PYE, Mesembe M, Chegou NN, Jacobs GB, Okomo Assoumou MC. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes in patients with anterior tuberculosis compared to tobacco related COPD. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:192. [PMID: 29580274 PMCID: PMC5869764 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inflammatory profile of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) related to tobacco is known in certain studies while that of the post tuberculosis form is not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes cells in sputum of COPD patients with history of smoking or anterior tuberculosis. Enumeration of cells in samples was analyzed using standard microscopy. RESULTS We enrolled 92 participants, 46 (50%) were COPD subjects comprising 22 (47.83%) smokers and 24 (52.17%) with anterior tuberculosis while 46 (50%) healthy persons constituted the control group. The levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were statistically higher in COPD patients compared to the control group with p-values of 0.0001 respectively. Neutrophils levels were higher in COPD patients with history of tobacco than in COPD patients with anterior tuberculosis with a mean rate of 4.72 × 106/ml and 2.48 × 106/ml respectively (p = 0.04). The monocytes and lymphocytes levels were not statistically different between the two sub-groups of COPD patients with p-value of 0.052 and 0.91 respectively. Neutrophils are the only inflammatory cells that were significantly higher in COPD patients with history of smoking as compared to COPD patients with anterior tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Guiedem
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - George Mondinde Ikomey
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Céline Nkenfou
- Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Management (CBIRC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Martha Mesembe
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Novel Njweipi Chegou
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Graeme Brendon Jacobs
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research and SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
| | - Marie Claire Okomo Assoumou
- Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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17
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Ju J. An Increased Proportion of Apoptosis in CD4⁺ T Lymphocytes Isolated from the Peripheral Blood in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2018; 81:132-137. [PMID: 29372631 PMCID: PMC5874142 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2017.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes inflammation, oxidative stress, an imbalance of proteases and antiproteases and apoptosis which has been focused on lately. Abnormal apoptotic events have been demonstrated in both epithelial and endothelial cells, as well as in inflammatory cells including neutrophils and lymphocytes in the lungs of COPD patients. An increased propensity of activated T lymphocytes to undergo apoptosis has been observed in the peripheral blood of COPD patients. Therefore, the apoptosis of T lymphocytes without activating them was investigated in this study. METHODS Twelve control subjects, 21 stable COPD patients and 15 exacerbated COPD patients were recruited in the study. The T lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood using magnetically activated cell sorting. Apoptosis of the T lymphocytes was assessed with flow cytometry using Annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D. Apoptosis of T lymphocytes at 24 hours after the cell culture was measured so that the T lymphocyte apoptosis among the control and the COPD patients could be compared. RESULTS Stable COPD patients had increased rates of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis at 24 hours after the cell culture, more than the CD4⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis which appeared in the control group, while the COPD patients with acute exacerbation had an amplified response of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis as well as of CD8⁺ T lymphocyte apoptosis at 24 hours after the cell culture. CONCLUSION Stable COPD patients have more apoptosis of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, which can be associated with the pathophysiology of COPD in stable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyung Ju
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Gunpo, Korea.
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18
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Avci E, Avci GA. Important Biomarkers that Play a Role in the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Process. J Med Biochem 2018; 37:46-53. [PMID: 30581341 PMCID: PMC6294106 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that includes multiple mechanisms such as inflammation, infection, smoking, hypoxia, and lack of antioxidant response can cause oxidative stress. In our study, we aimed to determine the changes in some oxidative stress [malondialdehyde and glutathione] and some cellular immunity markers (neopterin and TGF-b) in patients diagnosed with COPD and determine the damage to the organism. METHODS While the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method (Immuchrom kit, Germany) was utilized to determine MDA, GSH and NP levels, the ELISA method was used for TGF-b levels. RESULTS All obtained data regarding each parameter were compared with both COPD and healthy individuals and between parameters. There was a statistically significant difference between the control group of healthy subjects and COPD group in all parameters (p<0.05). A negative and correlation between oxidant MDA and antioxidant GSH parameters was determined (p=-0.394). CONCLUSIONS As a result, it was seen that oxidative balance changed in the patient group and cellular immunity increased. When the obtained data and literature are taken into account, these changes occurring in oxidative balance and cellular immunity are of importance in determining the development in the pathogenesis of COPD, treatment op - tions and their risks for heart disease in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Avci
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biochemistry, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Alp Avci
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Molecular Microbiology, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
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19
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Godinas L, Corhay JL, Henket M, Guiot J, Louis R, Moermans C. Increased production of TGF-β1 from sputum cells of COPD: Relationship with airway obstruction. Cytokine 2017; 99:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Sales DS, Ito JT, Zanchetta IA, Annoni R, Aun MV, Ferraz LFS, Cervilha DAB, Negri E, Mauad T, Martins MA, Lopes FDTQS. Regulatory T-Cell Distribution within Lung Compartments in COPD. COPD 2017; 14:533-542. [PMID: 28745532 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2017.1346069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the adaptive immune response, specifically the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in controlling the obstruction progression in smokers, has been highlighted. To quantify the adaptive immune cells in different lung compartments, we used lung tissues from 21 never-smokers without lung disease, 22 current and/or ex-smokers without lung disease (NOS) and 13 current and/or ex-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for histological analysis. We observed increased T, B, IL-17 and BAFF+ cells in small and large airways of COPD individuals; however, in the NOS, we only observed increase in T and IL-17+ cells only in small airways. A decrease in the density of Treg+, TGF-β+ and IL-10+ in small and large airways was observed only in COPD individuals. In the lymphoid tissues, Treg, T,B-cells and BAFF+ cells were also increased in COPD; however, changes in Treg inhibitory associated cytokines were not observed in this compartment. Therefore, our results suggest that difference in Treg+ cell distributions in lung compartments and the decrease in TGF-β+ and IL-10+ cells in the airways may lead to the obstruction in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi S Sales
- a Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Juliana T Ito
- a Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ivy A Zanchetta
- a Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Raquel Annoni
- b Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Aun
- c Clinical Immunology and Allergy Division, School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando S Ferraz
- b Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniela A B Cervilha
- a Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Elnara Negri
- d Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Biology (LIM-59), School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- b Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mílton A Martins
- a Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernanda D T Q S Lopes
- a Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine , University of Sao Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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TGF-β/BAMBI pathway dysfunction contributes to peripheral Th17/Treg imbalance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31911. [PMID: 27549738 PMCID: PMC4994021 DOI: 10.1038/srep31911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is postulated to inhibit or modulate transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. Furthermore, strong upregulation of BAMBI expression following in vitro infection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung tissue has been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated whether TGF-β/BAMBI pathway is associated with COPD. Blood samples were obtained from 27 healthy controls (HC), 24 healthy smokers (HS) and 29 COPD patients. Elevated Th17/Treg ratios, and increased levels of BAMBI protein and mRNA (in plasma and CD4(+) T cells respectively), were observed in COPD compared with HC and HS. BAMBI expression was first observed on human CD4(+) T cells, with a typical membrane-bound pattern. The enhanced plasma BAMBI levels in COPD positively correlated with the increased plasma TGF-β1 levels and Th17/Treg ratio. Together, an impaired TGF-β/BAMBI pathway may promote the inflammation leading to Th17/Treg imbalance, which is a new mechanism in smokers who develop COPD.
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Jiang Z, Zhu L. Update on molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 37:1-8. [PMID: 26805715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory and irreversible pulmonary disorder that is characterized by inflammation and airway destruction. In recent years, COPD has become a global epidemic due to increased air pollution and exposure to cigarette smoke. Current therapeutics using bronchiodialator and anti-inflammatory corticosteroids are most widely used for all patients with persistent COPD, but these approaches are disappointing due to limited improvement in symptom control and survival rate. More importantly, a certain number of COPD patients are resistant to the corticosteroid treatment and their symptoms worsen. Therefore, more effective anti-inflammatory drugs and combinational treatment are required. Understanding of the underlying molecular and immunological mechanisms is critical to developing new therapeutics. Lung inflammation and the released pro-inflammatory cytokines affect glucocorticoid receptor (GR), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and surfactant protein D (SP-D) activities in many cell types. Macrophages, neutrophils, airway epithelial cells and lymphocytes are involved in the induction of corticosteroid resistance. This review updated the recent advances in molecular and immunological mechanisms of steroid resistance among patients and animal models with COPD. Meanwhile we discussed novel therapeutic approaches in controlling lung inflammation and improving corticosteroid sensitivity among the steroid resistant patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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23
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Zhang S, Xie JG, Su BT, Li JL, Hu N, Chen J, Luo GW, Cui TP. MFG-E8, a clearance glycoprotein of apoptotic cells, as a new marker of disease severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:1032-8. [PMID: 26375445 PMCID: PMC4671530 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is an opsonin involved in the
phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), apoptotic cell clearance is defective. However, whether aberrant
MFG-E8 expression is involved in this defect is unknown. In this study, we examined
the expression of MFG-E8 in COPD patients. MFG-E8, interleukin (IL)-1β and
transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels were measured in the plasma of 96 COPD
patients (93 males, 3 females; age range: 62.12±10.39) and 87 age-matched healthy
controls (85 males, 2 females; age range: 64.81±10.11 years) using an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. Compared with controls, COPD patients had a significantly lower
plasma MFG-E8 levels (P<0.01) and significantly higher plasma TGF-β levels
(P=0.002), whereas there was no difference in plasma IL-1β levels between the two
groups. Moreover, plasma MFG-E8 levels decreased progressively between Global
Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) I and GOLD IV stage COPD.
Multiple regression analysis showed that the forced expiratory volume in 1 s
(FEV1 % predicted) and smoking habit were powerful predictors of MFG-E8
in COPD (P<0.01 and P=0.026, respectively). MFG-E8 was positively associated with
the FEV1 % predicted and negatively associated with smoking habit. The
area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.874 (95% confidence
interval: 0.798-0.95; P<0.01). Our findings demonstrated the utility of MFG-E8 as
a marker of disease severity in COPD and that cigarette smoke impaired MFG-E8
expression in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J G Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - B T Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J L Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - N Hu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - J Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - G W Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - T P Cui
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Campian JL, Ye X, Gladstone DE, Ambady P, Nirschl TR, Borrello I, Golightly M, King KE, Holdhoff M, Karp J, Drake CG, Grossman SA. Pre-radiation lymphocyte harvesting and post-radiation reinfusion in patients with newly diagnosed high grade gliomas. J Neurooncol 2015; 124:307-16. [PMID: 26070554 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Radiation (RT), temozolomide (TMZ), and dexamethasone in newly diagnosed high grade gliomas (HGG) produces severe treatment-related lymphopenia (TRL) that is associated with early cancer-related deaths. This TRL may result from inadvertent radiation to circulating lymphocytes. This study reinfused lymphocytes, harvested before chemo-radiation, and assessed safety, feasibility, and trends in lymphocyte counts. Patients with newly diagnosed HGG and total lymphocyte counts (TLC) ≥ 1000 cells/mm(3) underwent apheresis. Cryopreserved autologous lymphocytes were reinfused once radiation was completed. Safety, feasibility, and trends in TLC, T cell subsets and cytokines were studied. Serial TLC were also compared with an unreinfused matched control group. Ten patients were harvested (median values: age 56 years, dexamethasone 3 mg/day, TLC/CD4 1980/772 cells/mm(3)). After 6 weeks of RT/TMZ, TLC fell 69 % (p < 0.0001) with similar reductions in CD4, CD8 and NK cells but not Tregs. Eight patients received lymphocyte reinfusions (median = 7.0 × 10(7) lymphocytes/kg) without adverse events. A post-reinfusion TLC rise of ≥300 cells/mm(3) was noted in 3/8 patients at 4 weeks and 7/8 at 14 weeks which was similar to 23 matched controls. The reduced CD4/CD8 ratio was not restored by lymphocyte reinfusion. Severe lymphopenia was not accompanied by elevated serum interleukin-7 (IL-7) levels. This study confirms that severe TRL is common in HGG and is not associated with high plasma IL-7 levels. Although lymphocyte harvesting/reinfusion is feasible and safe, serial lymphocyte counts are similar to unreinfused matched controls. Studies administering higher lymphocyte doses and/or IL-7 should be considered to restore severe treatment-related lymphopenia in HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian L Campian
- Departments of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8056, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Xiaobu Ye
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Douglas E Gladstone
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Prakash Ambady
- Departments of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ivan Borrello
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Marc Golightly
- Departments of Pathology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Karen E King
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Judith Karp
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Charles G Drake
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Stuart A Grossman
- Departments of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Jin Y, Wan Y, Chen G, Chen L, Zhang MQ, Deng L, Zhang JC, Xiong XZ, Xin JB. Treg/IL-17 ratio and Treg differentiation in patients with COPD. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111044. [PMID: 25329073 PMCID: PMC4199736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic pulmonary and systematic inflammation. An abnormal adaptive immune response leads to an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. T-helper (Th), T-cytotoxic (Tc) and T-regulatory (Treg) cells may play important roles in immune and inflammatory responses. This study was conducted to clarify the changes and imbalance of cytokines and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with COPD, especially during acute exacerbations (AECOPD). Methods Twenty-three patients with stable COPD (SCOPD) and 21 patients with AECOPD were enrolled in the present study. In addition, 20 age-, sex- and weight-matched non-smoking healthy volunteers were included as controls. The serum levels of selected cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-9) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Furthermore, the T lymphocyte subsets collected from peripheral blood samples were evaluated by flow cytometry after staining with anti-CD3-APC, anti-CD4-PerCP, anti-CD8- PerCP, anti-CD25-FITC and anti-FoxP3-PE monoclonal antibodies. Importantly, to remove the confounding effects of inflammatory factors, the authors introduced a concept of “inflammation adjustment” and corrected each measured value using representative inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α and IL-17. Results Unlike the other cytokines, serum TGF-β levels were considerably higher in patients with AECOPD relative to the control group regardless of adjustment. There were no significant differences in the percentages of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells among the three groups. Although Tregs were relatively upregulated during acute exacerbations, their capacities of generation and differentiation were far from sufficient. Finally, the authors noted that the ratios of Treg/IL-17 were similar among groups. Conclusions These observations suggest that in patients with COPD, especially during acute exacerbations, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions are strengthened, with the pro-inflammatory reactions dominating. Although the Treg/IL-17 ratios were normal, the regulatory T cells were still insufficient to suppress the accompanying increases in inflammation. All of these changes suggest a complicated mechanism of pro- and anti-inflammatory imbalance which needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Chu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jian-Bao Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hodge S, Hodge G, Holmes M, Jersmann H, Reynolds PN. Increased CD8 T-cell granzyme B in COPD is suppressed by treatment with low-dose azithromycin. Respirology 2014; 20:95-100. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hodge
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Greg Hodge
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Mark Holmes
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Paul N. Reynolds
- Lung Research Laboratory; Hanson Institute; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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Hurley K, Lacey N, O’Dwyer CA, Bergin DA, McElvaney OJ, O’Brien ME, McElvaney OF, Reeves EP, McElvaney NG. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation Therapy Corrects Accelerated Neutrophil Apoptosis in Deficient Individuals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3978-91. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Lind A, Koenderman L, Kusters JG, Siersema PD. Squamous tissue lymphocytes in the esophagus of controls and patients with reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus are characterized by a non-inflammatory phenotype. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106261. [PMID: 25170842 PMCID: PMC4149547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Reflux esophagitis (RE) is characterized by inflammation of the squamous epithelium (SQ) of the esophagus and may progress to Barrett's esophagus (BE) characterized by intestinal metaplasia. The role of inflammation in this transition has been postulated but lacks experimental evidence. Here, the inflammatory responses in the esophagus of these patients were investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one esophageal biopsies from with patients BE (n = 19), RE (n = 8) and controls (n = 23) were analyzed. T-cells were analyzed before and after ex vivo expansion (14 days) by multicolor flow cytometric analysis. The following markers were studied: CD3, CD4, CD8 (T-cell markers), Granzyme B (marker of cytotoxicity), CD103 (αE/epithelial integrin) and NKg2a (inhibitory receptor on T-cells and NK-cells). RESULTS Analysis of ex vivo cultures from normal looking SQ from controls, RE patients, and BE patients revealed no significant differences in the number and phenotypes of T-cells. In contrast, tissue from RE was different to normal SQ in four aspects: 1) higher percentages of CD3+ CD4+-cells (72±7% vs 48±6%, p = 0.01) and 2) CD8+ GranzymeB+-cells (53±11% vs 26±4%, p<0.05), while 3) lower percentages of CD4+ CD103+-cells (45±19% vs 80±3%, p = 0.02) and 4) CD8+ NKg2a+-cells (31±12% vs 44±5%). CONCLUSION Despite the fact that both tissues are exposed to the same reflux associated inflammatory triggers, the immune response observed in RE is clearly distinct from that in SQ of BE. The differences in immune responses in BE tissue might contribute to its susceptibility for transformation into intestinal metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lind
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. Kusters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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29
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Choudhury G, Rabinovich R, MacNee W. Comorbidities and Systemic Effects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Chest Med 2014; 35:101-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Sato-Nishiwaki M, Aida Y, Abe S, Shibata Y, Kimura T, Yamauchi K, Kishi H, Igarashi A, Inoue S, Sato M, Nakajima O, Kubota I. Reduced number and morphofunctional change of alveolar macrophages in MafB gene-targeted mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73963. [PMID: 24040127 PMCID: PMC3765310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We previously demonstrated that the transcription factor, MafB, increased in the AMs of mice exposed to cigarette smoke, and in those of human patients with COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of MafB in AMs using newly established transgenic (TG) mice that specifically express dominant negative (DN) MafB in macrophages under the control of macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR) enhancer-promoter. We performed cell differential analyses in bronchoalveolar lavage cells, morphological analyses with electron microscopy, and flow cytometry-based analyses of surface markers and a phagocytic capacity assay in macrophages. AM number in the TG mice was significantly decreased compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Morphologically, the high electron density area in the nucleus increased, the shape of pseudopods on the AMs was altered, and actin filament was less localized in the pseudopods of AMs of TG mice, compared with WT mice. The expression of surface markers, F4/80 and CD11b, on peritoneal macrophages in TG mice was reduced compared with WT mice, while those on AMs remained unchanged. Phagocytic capacity was decreased in AMs from TG mice, compared with WT mice. In conclusion, MafB regulates the phenotype of macrophages with respect to the number of alveolar macrophages, the nuclear compartment, cellular shape, surface marker expression, and phagocytic function. MSR-DN MafB TG mice may present a useful model to clarify the precise role of MafB in macrophages.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Dominant
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/ultrastructure
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- MafB Transcription Factor/genetics
- MafB Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phagocytosis/immunology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Receptors, Scavenger/genetics
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Sato-Nishiwaki
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuko Aida
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shuichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoko Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomomi Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamauchi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akira Igarashi
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sumito Inoue
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masamichi Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakajima
- Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Isao Kubota
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, School of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata City, Yamagata, Japan
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Mathai RTK, Bhat S. Peripheral Blood T-Cell Populations in COPD, Asymptomatic Smokers and Healthy Non-Smokers in Indian subpopulation- A Pilot Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:1109-13. [PMID: 23905115 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5977.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD is a major global health problem affecting 4-10% of Indian adult male population. Immunological processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. As compared to healthy smokers, COPD patients have airway inflammation indicated by the presence of CD8+ T cells in the lung. This predominant increase in CD8+ T cells in the lung may be reflected in the peripheral blood. In an attempt to understand why only some smokers develop COPD, we compared the peripheral T-cell markers in COPD patients with that of asymptomatic smokers, and healthy nonsmokers. METHODS Twenty healthy non-smokers (HNS), 19 asymptomatic smokers (AS) and 21 COPD male patients (age and pack year-matched) were identified after clinical evaluation and spirometry. Blood CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T-cell populations were measured. RESULTS Smokers with COPD had severe airflow limitation (FVC, 69.8+16.7%; FEV1, 47.47+16.9%; FEV1/FVC, 53.1+13.3%). The BMI was found to be significantly lower among patients with COPD (19.1+4.8kg/m(2)) as compared to AS (23+4.3kg/m(2)) and HNS (23.7+4.0kg/m(2)) (p value = 0.003 HS). The mean CD3+T-cell absolute count in COPD patients (1154.3+582.2), showed a marked decline as compared to that of AS (1251.9+491.6) and HNS (1424.9+352.2). The mean CD4+T-cell counts in COPD patients (652.7+340.5) were also lower when compared to AS (745.7+313.8) and HNS (832.5+220.7). The mean CD8+T-cell counts among COPD patients (424.7+264.3) were, similar to the counts observed among AS (426.9+193.2) and HNS (500.4+191). Though not statistically significant, the absolute counts of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes among COPD patients tended to be lower. No significant difference in the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio between the patient groups was observed. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that BMI is related to the severity of COPD, hence proving a systemic component to its pathogenesis. However, we found similar percentages of CD8+Tcells in all the study groups suggesting that predominant CD8+ T cells in the airways may be due to its de novo origin rather than recruitment from blood. However, larger studies are needed to clarify the effect of disease severity, beedi smoking and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Teresa K Mathai
- Senior Resident, Department of General Medicine, Father Muller Medical College , Mangalore - 575002, Karnataka, India
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Jedi-1 and MEGF10 signal engulfment of apoptotic neurons through the tyrosine kinase Syk. J Neurosci 2012; 32:13022-31. [PMID: 22993420 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6350-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of the peripheral nervous system there is extensive apoptosis, and these neuronal corpses need to be cleared to prevent an inflammatory response. Recently, Jedi-1 and MEGF10, both expressed in glial precursor cells, were identified in mouse as having an essential role in this phagocytosis (Wu et al., 2009); however, the mechanisms by which they promote engulfment remained unknown. Both Jedi-1 and MEGF10 are homologous to the Drosophila melanogaster receptor Draper, which mediates engulfment through activation of the tyrosine kinase Shark. Here, we identify Syk, the mammalian homolog of Shark, as a signal transducer for both Jedi-1 and MEGF10. Syk interacted with each receptor independently through the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their intracellular domains. The interaction was enhanced by phosphorylation of the tyrosines in the ITAMs by Src family kinases (SFKs). Jedi association with Syk and activation of the kinase was also induced by exposure to dead cells. Expression of either Jedi-1 or MEGF10 in HeLa cells facilitated engulfment of carboxylated microspheres to a similar extent, and there was no additive effect when they were coexpressed. Mutation of the ITAM tyrosines of Jedi-1 and MEGF10 prevented engulfment. The SFK inhibitor PP2 or a selective Syk inhibitor (BAY 61-3606) also blocked engulfment. Similarly, in cocultures of glial precursors and dying sensory neurons from embryonic mice, addition of PP2 or knock down of endogenous Syk decreased the phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons. These results indicate that both Jedi-1 and MEGF10 can mediate phagocytosis independently through the recruitment of Syk.
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Kikuchi T, Sugiura H, Koarai A, Ichikawa T, Minakata Y, Matsunaga K, Nakanishi M, Hirano T, Akamatsu K, Yanagisawa S, Furukawa K, Kawabata H, Ichinose M. Increase of 27-hydroxycholesterol in the airways of patients with COPD: possible role of 27-hydroxycholesterol in tissue fibrosis. Chest 2012; 142:329-337. [PMID: 22281802 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is produced from cholesterol by sterol 27-hydroxylase as an intermediate in the biosynthesis pathway of bile acid. Recently, 27-OHC was reported to cause inflammation and apoptosis in various types of cells. The aim of this study was to assess the production of 27-OHC in the airways of patients with COPD and to elucidate the possible role of 27-OHC in the tissue fibrosis of COPD. METHODS Lung tissues were obtained from six control subjects and six patients with COPD, and sputum samples were obtained from 11 healthy subjects and 15 patients with COPD. The expression of sterol 27-hydroxylase in the lung was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The amounts of 27-OHC in the sputum were quantified by the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Because peribronchial fibrosis in peripheral airways is involved in the airflow limitation of COPD, we investigated the profibrotic effects of 27-OHC in vitro. RESULTS The expression of sterol 27-hydroxylase was significantly enhanced in the lung tissues of patients with COPD compared with control subjects. The amounts of 27-OHC in the sputum were significantly increased in the patients with COPD (P < .01), and the degree of 27-OHC production was negatively correlated with lung function (P < .01). 27-OHC augmented the differentiation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and the production of extracellular matrix protein through activation of nuclear factor-κB and subsequent transforming growth factor-β(1) upregulation. CONCLUSIONS 27-OHC production is enhanced in the airways of patients with COPD and might be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kikuchi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Akira Koarai
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Minakata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakanishi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tsunahiko Hirano
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Keiichirou Akamatsu
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Yanagisawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kanako Furukawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawabata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
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Poursaleh Z, Harandi AA, Vahedi E, Ghanei M. Treatment for sulfur mustard lung injuries; new therapeutic approaches from acute to chronic phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:27. [PMID: 23351279 PMCID: PMC3555747 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the major potent chemical warfare and attractive weapons for terrorists. It has caused deaths to hundreds of thousands of victims in World War I and more recently during the Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988). It has ability to develop severe acute and chronic damage to the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Understanding the acute and chronic biologic consequences of SM exposure may be quite essential for developing efficient prophylactic/therapeutic measures. One of the systems majorly affected by SM is the respiratory tract that numerous clinical studies have detailed processes of injury, diagnosis and treatments of lung. The low mortality rate has been contributed to high prevalence of victims and high lifetime morbidity burden. However, there are no curative modalities available in such patients. In this review, we collected and discussed the related articles on the preventive and therapeutic approaches to SM-induced respiratory injury and summarized what is currently known about the management and therapeutic strategies of acute and long-term consequences of SM lung injuries. Method This review was done by reviewing all papers found by searching following key words sulfur mustard; lung; chronic; acute; COPD; treatment. Results Mustard lung has an ongoing pathological process and is active disorder even years after exposure to SM. Different drug classes have been studied, nevertheless there are no curative modalities for mustard lung. Conclusion Complementary studies on one hand regarding pharmacokinetic of drugs and molecular investigations are mandatory to obtain more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Poursaleh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences, Mollasadra Street, 19945-546, Tehran, Iran.
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Zdrenghea MT, Mallia P, Johnston SL. Immunological pathways in virus-induced COPD exacerbations: a role for IL-15. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:1010-5. [PMID: 22486624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2012.02672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by high levels of antiviral type 1 cytokine interferon-γ and activated CD8(+) T cells. COPD exacerbations are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, have a prolonged and intense effect on quality of life and may result in accelerated loss of lung function. Respiratory virus infections, frequently within a state of colonization by bacteria, are the major cause of COPD exacerbations, and there is also evidence of virus latency in 'stable' disease, suggesting that latent infection might be a cause of chronic inflammation in COPD. DESIGN This is an update of current literature concerning the role of interleukin-15 and major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A and B molecules in type 1 immune responses, particularly to respiratory virus infections, which are the main cause of COPD exacerbations. We also present data from our own group suggesting a role for interleukin-15 in virus-induced COPD exacerbations. RESULTS Type 1 cytokine interleukin-15 is produced by resident airway cells (epithelial cells and macrophages) in response to virus infection and bacteria. Virus infections modulate major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A and B molecules in respiratory epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-15 could play a major role in the airway inflammation in COPD directly, via its own receptors, by amplifying the type 1 immune responses and decreasing apoptosis or indirectly, via modulating molecules associated with cytotoxic activity of natural killer and CD8(+) T cells, such as major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihnea T Zdrenghea
- Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, Department of Hematology and University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Hodge G, Mukaro V, Reynolds PN, Hodge S. Role of increased CD8/CD28(null) T cells and alternative co-stimulatory molecules in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 166:94-102. [PMID: 21910726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease; it is a leading cause of death and existing treatments have no proven disease-modifying effect. The mechanisms underlying this resistance are largely unknown, but suggest the presence of some self-maintaining pathogenic process, possibly initiated by cigarette smoking, that prevents the normal resolution of inflammation. We have previously reported increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and granzyme b by CD8(+) T cells in COPD; costimulatory receptor/ligand interactions required include CD80:86/CD28, B7-1/CTLA4, 4-1BB/1BBL and OX40/OX40L. We hypothesized that a dysregulated expression/function of these molecules may play a role in inflammatory/autoimmune components of COPD. We analysed T cell co-stimulatory molecules in blood from 34 controls, 15 smokers and 48 COPD subjects. We assessed the potential functional relevance of CD8/CD28(null) cells in COPD by measuring their production of proinflammatory cytokines, co-stimulatory molecules, granzyme and perforin. A smoke-exposed murine model was applied to investigate the relative expression of CD8/CD28(null) T cells in blood, lung tissue and airway. CD8/CD28(null) cells were increased in both current- and ex-smoker COPD groups; these cells expressed significantly more interferon (IFN)-γ, OX40, 4-1BB, CTLA4, granzyme and perforin when stimulated than CD8/CD28(+) T cells. There were no changes in CD4/CD28(null) T cells. In mice exposed to cigarette smoke for 12 weeks, CD8/CD28(null) T cells were significantly increased in the airway with a trend for an increase in lung tissue and blood. Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of alternative co-stimulatory molecules by CD8/CD28(null) T cells may play a role in inflammatory or autoimmune responses in COPD and identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hodge
- Lung Research Laboratory, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Nakajima T, Owen CA. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils move into the fast lane in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1118-20. [PMID: 21531949 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201102-0208ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lim SC, Ju JY, Chi SY, Ban HJ, Kwon YS, Oh IJ, Kim KS, Kim YI, Kim YC. Apoptosis of T lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Yonsei Med J 2011; 52:581-7. [PMID: 21623599 PMCID: PMC3104462 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.4.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma. Apoptosis is critical for the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis and is in equilibrium with proliferation and differentiation. This study was undertaken to investigate relationship between apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes during exacerbation of COPD and inflammatory response that characterizes this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with COPD exacerbation, 21 stable COPD, and 12 control subjects were included. T lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood using MACS. Apoptosis of T lymphocytes was assessed with FACS using annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by an immunoassay technique. RESULTS There was significantly increased percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes, CD 4+, and CD 8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with exacerbation of COPD compared with stable COPD. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were significantly increased in patients with exacerbation of COPD compared with stable COPD. Only TNF-α presented a positive correlation with apoptotic lymphocytes in patients with exacerbation of COPD. CONCLUSION Increased apoptotic lymphocytes may be associated with upregulation of TNF-α in the peripheral blood of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 671 Jaebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-757, Korea.
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Brown BN, Price IM, Toapanta FR, DeAlmeida DR, Wiley CA, Ross TM, Oury TD, Vodovotz Y. An agent-based model of inflammation and fibrosis following particulate exposure in the lung. Math Biosci 2011; 231:186-96. [PMID: 21385589 PMCID: PMC3088650 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and airway remodeling occur in a variety of airway diseases. Modeling aspects of the inflammatory and fibrotic processes following repeated exposure to particulate matter may provide insights into a spectrum of airway diseases, as well as prevention/treatment strategies. An agent-based model (ABM) was created to examine the response of an abstracted population of inflammatory cells (nominally macrophages, but possibly including other inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes) and cells involved in remodeling (nominally fibroblasts) to particulate exposure. The model focused on a limited number of relevant interactions, specifically those among macrophages, fibroblasts, a pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α), an anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β1), collagen deposition, and tissue damage. The model yielded three distinct states that were equated with (1) self-resolving inflammation and a return to baseline, (2) a pro-inflammatory process of localized tissue damage and fibrosis, and (3) elevated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, persistent tissue damage, and fibrosis outcomes. Experimental results consistent with these predicted states were observed in histology sections of lung tissue from mice exposed to particulate matter. Systematic in silico studies suggested that the development of each state depended primarily upon the degree and duration of exposure. Thus, a relatively simple ABM resulted in several, biologically feasible, emergent states, suggesting that the model captures certain salient features of inflammation following exposure of the lung to particulate matter. This ABM may hold future utility in the setting of airway disease resulting from inflammation and fibrosis following particulate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N. Brown
- Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Ian M. Price
- Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Franklin R. Toapanta
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Dilhari R. DeAlmeida
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Clayton A. Wiley
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tim D. Oury
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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Siena L, Gjomarkaj M, Elliot J, Pace E, Bruno A, Baraldo S, Saetta M, Bonsignore MR, James A. Reduced apoptosis of CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the airways of smokers with mild/moderate COPD. Respir Med 2011; 105:1491-500. [PMID: 21612902 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic inflammation in airways and lung parenchyma. CD8+ T-lymphocytes, crucial effector and regulatory cells in inflammation, are increased in the central and peripheral airways in COPD. The aim of this study was to assess the role of apoptosis in the accumulation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes within the airway wall in COPD. We examined the submucosa of transverse sections of central and peripheral airways from post-operative tissues from non-smokers (n = 16), smokers with normal lung function (n = 16), smokers with mild/moderate COPD (n = 16), and smokers with severe/very severe COPD (n = 9). TUNEL and immunohistochemistry techniques were used to identify apoptosis and cell phenotype, respectively. The percentage of apoptotic CD8+ T-lymphocytes was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in smokers with mild/moderate COPD than in non-smokers, smokers with normal lung function, and smokers with severe/very severe COPD, and was positively related to values of FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC ratio, both in central and in peripheral airways. These data suggest that reduced apoptosis of CD8+ T-lymphocytes may be an important mechanism that contributes to the accumulation of these cells in the airway submucosa in smokers with mild/moderate COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liboria Siena
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, Italy
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El-Hodhod MA, Hamdy AM, Ahmed MB, Youssef SR, Aly SMH. Effect of passive smoking on blood lymphocyte apoptosis in children. Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41:387-92. [PMID: 21114490 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive smoking is a well-known risk factor for both recurrent respiratory infections and disturbed lipid profile. Whether passive smoking problems are related to altered lymphocyte survival and its relation to altered lipid profile are the points of concern in this work. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urinary cotinine and creatinine levels as well as lipid profile and flow cytometric assessment of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were assessed in 26 children with history of indoor exposure to cigarette smokers in comparison with 14 matched children with no such history. RESULTS Lipid profile showed significantly higher mean levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and significantly lower mean levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in passive smoking children compared to nonpassive-smoking ones. Furthermore, cotinine parameters were positively correlated with triglycerides and LDL and negatively correlated with HDL. Early apoptosis of PBL was significantly higher in exposed vs nonexposed ones. CONCLUSIONS Passive smoking in children could be a risk factor for enhanced lymphocytic apoptosis. It is possible that altered lipid profile may play a role in the increased risk. The impact of this lymphocytic derangement on increased frequency of infections is noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A El-Hodhod
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Amer MS, Wahba HM, Ashmawi SS, Mabrouk RR, Sharaf Eldeen AA, Hamza SA. Proinflammatory cytokines in Egyptian elderly with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung India 2010; 27:225-9. [PMID: 21139720 PMCID: PMC2988174 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.71956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pulmonary component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. HYPOTHESIS The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP), in elderly patients suffering from COPD are increased. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A case control study involving 90 elderly participants from the outpatient clinics of Ain Shams University hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 90 subjects were subdivided into three equal groups ' group I (control), group II (patients with COPD), and group III (patients with COPD and cardiovascular complications). Comprehensive clinical assessment, pulmonary functions, and echocardiography were performed. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and CRP were measured in the patients' serum and compared. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 10. RESULTS IL1-βand CRP were significantly higher in the third group than the first group (P <0.05). There was a similar significant difference between the second and third group as regards IL1-βand CRP (P < 0.05). Positive significant correlation between CRP and TNF-α with stage of COPD according to FEV1 (P <0.05) were found. CONCLUSIONS Complicated cases of COPD had higher levels of IL1-β and CRP and the more severe the cases, the higher the levels of CRPand TNF-α.
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TGF-β-regulated tyrosine phosphatases induce lymphocyte apoptosis in Leishmania donovani-infected hamsters. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 89:466-74. [PMID: 20856262 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis, which is caused by Leishmania donovani, is one of the major health problems of the Indian subcontinent. Infected hosts have been reported to have impaired lymphoproliferation. However, the fate of anergic cells is still elusive. In the present investigation, L. donovani-infected hamsters were used to study the mechanism of lymphocyte cell death. Lymph node-derived lymphocytes were analysed for apoptotic death through mitochondrial abnormality, caspase activity and DNA degradation. The data demonstrate that the disease progression leads to a gradual impairment of lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of Concanavalin A. The fate of the anergic lymphocytes is intrinsic apoptosis, which is evident by the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, caspase activation and DNA fragmentation. Tumour growth factor (TGF)-β, which is secreted by macrophages, was significantly upregulated in the lymph node compartment of infected hamsters. Adding a neutralizing TGF-β antibody and a recombinant TGF-β resulted in the downregulation and induction of lymphocyte apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, it has been observed that TGF-β triggers the apoptotic death of lymphocytes through the upregulation of tyrosine phosphatase activity and that the use of sodium orthovanadate (Na(3)VO(4), a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor) reduces the apoptotic frequency. Thus, this study clearly reports the novel involvement of tyrosine phosphatases in TGF-β-induced lymphocyte apoptosis in Leishmania-infected hamsters.
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Zarin AA, Behmanesh M, Tavallaei M, Shohrati M, Ghanei M. Overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and TGF-beta3 genes in lung of toxic-inhaled patients. Exp Lung Res 2010; 36:284-91. [PMID: 20497023 DOI: 10.3109/01902140903578868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Iraq frequently used toxic inhalants during the war with Iran, exposing over 100,000 people to chemical reagents. Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a major pulmonary disease caused by exposure to harmful gases. Recently defect in clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) has been suggested as a mechanism that leads to several lung diseases. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, a cytokine produced by efferocytotic macrophages, suppresses the inflammation and enhances the regeneration of tissue. In this study, the authors compared the expression of these 3 isoforms of TGF-beta at mRNA level in lung biopsies of Iranian victims of chemical gases with lung biopsies of control healthy volunteers. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to examine the expression level of TGF-beta isoforms using glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene as an internal control. The results indicated that that levels of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 mRNAs were significantly higher in chemical gas-injured patients than noninjured group (P < .05). Therefore, the authors speculate that TGF-beta1 and TGFbeta3, but not TGF-beta2, secretion is a result of efficient efferocytosis in chemically injured patients, playing a protective role by improving airway remodeling and lung homeostasis in this group. These properties of TGF-beta are consistent with long-time survival of chemical-injured people suffering from BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Arzan Zarin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Jafari M, Ghanei M. Evaluation of plasma, erythrocytes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid antioxidant defense system in sulfur mustard-injured patients. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010; 48:184-92. [PMID: 20397800 DOI: 10.3109/15563651003623297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sulfur mustard (SM) is a strong alkylating agent that causes acute and chronic effects on different organs following exposure. Main late respiratory complications are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, asthma, and bronchiolitis obliterans. It seems that oxidative stress plays a major role in pathogenesis of diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term effect of SM on plasma, erythrocytes, and brochoalveolar lavage fluid antioxidant defense system in SM-injured patients. METHODS Brochoalveolar lavage fluid, plasma, and erythrocyte samples were taken from 54 patients in the case group exposed to SM and 25 controls with chronic respiratory disease without a history of exposure to SM. RESULTS Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in lavage fluid, plasma, and erythrocytes were significantly higher in case group. The increased glutathione S-transferase activity in lavage fluid was associated with a depletion of glutathione and an increase of malondialdehyde levels. There was no significant change observed in glutathione reductase activity. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that oxidative damage might have an important role for patients exposed to SM. SM may induce an oxidative stress response by depleting the antioxidant defense systems and increasing lipid peroxidation in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Janbazan Medical and Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Siganaki M, Koutsopoulos AV, Neofytou E, Vlachaki E, Psarrou M, Soulitzis N, Pentilas N, Schiza S, Siafakas NM, Tzortzaki EG. Deregulation of apoptosis mediators' p53 and bcl2 in lung tissue of COPD patients. Respir Res 2010; 11:46. [PMID: 20423464 PMCID: PMC2873932 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal apoptotic events in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subvert cellular homeostasis and may play a primary role in its pathogenesis. However, studies in human subjects are limited. p53 and bcl2 protein expression was measured by western blot on lung tissue specimens from 43 subjects (23 COPD smokers and 20 non-COPD smokers), using beta-actin as internal control. Additionally, p53 and bcl2 expression patterns were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tissue sections from the same individuals. Western blot analysis showed statistically significant increased p53 protein levels in COPD smokers in comparison with non-COPD smokers (p = 0.038), while bcl2 protein levels were not statistically different between the two groups. Lung immunohistochemistry showed increased ratio of positive p53-stained type II pneumocytes/total type II pneumocytes in COPD smokers compared to non-COPD smokers (p = 0.01), whereas the p53 staining ratio in alveolar macrophages and in lymphocyte-like cells did not differ statistically between the two groups. On the other hand, bcl2 expression did not differ between the two groups in all three cell types. The increased expression of pro-apoptotic p53 in type II pneumocytes of COPD patients not counterbalanced by the anti-apoptotic bcl2 could reflect increased apoptosis in the alveolar epithelium of COPD patients. Our results confirm previous experiments and support the hypothesis of a disturbance in the balance between the pro- and anti-apoptotic mediators in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Siganaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pulmonology, Medical School University of Crete, Greece
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Ghazanfari T, Sharifnia Z, Yaraee R, Pourfarzam S, Kariminia A, Mahlojirad M, Faghihzadeh S, Jalali-Nodoushan MR, Ardestani SK, Soroush MR, Amiri S, Hassan ZM, Ghavami S, Ghanei M. Serum soluble Fas ligand and nitric oxide in long-term pulmonary complications induced by sulfur mustard: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1489-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liebhart J, Dobek R. Transforming growth factor-beta in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17471060701721985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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