Role of protease-activated receptor 4 in mouse models of acute and chronic kidney injury

Association between serum calcium level and the risk of acute kidney injury in ICU patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum calcium level and the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, data on adults from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV) databases, spanning from 2008 to 2019, were extracted. In the logistic regression models, confounding variables, including age, white blood cell (WBC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, international normalized ratio (INR), and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), were finally adjusted by stepwise regression. The outcome event was the occurrence of AKI after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to assess the association between serum calcium level and the risk of AKI in SAH patients, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To further explore the association, subgroup analyses were performed, stratified by age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, drugs, and surgical methods.

Results

A total of 1,128 patients with SAH were included in the study, of which 457 patients developed AKI. Low levels of serum calcium were significantly associated with a high risk of AKI in patients with SAH, with an OR (95%CI) of 1.38 (1.01-1.89). Further subgroup analyses showed that low levels of calcium were significantly associated with a high risk of AKI in SAH patients aged ≥60 years (OR = 0.27, 95%CI: 0.09-0.83), who had GCS score ≥13 (OR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.08-2.30), who did not use calcium channel blockers (CCB) (OR = 2.22, 95%CI: 1.16-4.25) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.06-2.14), and who did not undergo aneurysm embolization (OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.01-2.17) and aneurysm clipping (OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.04-2.01).

Conclusion

The results of our study indicated that low levels of serum calcium were significantly associated with the risk of AKI in patients with SAH.

Guidelines on antibody use in physiology research

Antibodies are one of the most used reagents in scientific laboratories and are critical components for a multitude of experiments in physiology research. Over the past decade, concerns about many biological methods, including those that use antibodies, have arisen as several laboratories were unable to reproduce the scientific data obtained in other laboratories. The lack of reproducibility could be largely attributed to inadequate reporting of detailed methods, no or limited verification by authors, and the production and use of unvalidated antibodies. The goal of this guideline article is to review best practices concerning commonly used techniques involving antibodies, including immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. Awareness and integration of best practices will increase the rigor and reproducibility of these techniques and elevate the quality of physiology research.