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Martin A, Woolbright BL, Umar S, Ingersoll MA, Taylor JA. Bladder cancer, inflammageing and microbiomes. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:495-509. [PMID: 35798831 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is correlated with elevated bladder cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. Advanced age is also associated with elevated markers of chronic inflammation and perturbations in gut and urinary tract microbiota. One reason for the increased incidence and mortality of bladder cancer in the elderly might be that age-associated changes in multiple microbiomes induce systemic metabolic changes that contribute to immune dysregulation with potentially tumorigenic effects. The gut and urinary microbiomes could be dysregulated in bladder cancer, although the effect of these changes is poorly understood. Each of these domains - the immune system, gut microbiome and urinary microbiome - might also influence the response of patients with bladder cancer to treatment. Improved understanding of age-related alterations to the immune system and gut and urinary microbiomes could provide possible insight into the risk of bladder cancer development and progression in the elderly. In patients with bladder cancer, improved understanding of microbiota might also provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity group, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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2
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Yang W, Liu P, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Huang W, Jiang H, Lv Q, Ren Y, Jiang Y, Sun L. Transcriptomic analyses and experimental verification reveal potential biomarkers and biological pathways of urinary tract infection. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8529-8539. [PMID: 34592898 PMCID: PMC8806911 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1987081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infectious disease. Urinary tract pathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main cause of UTIs. At present, antibiotics are mainly used for the treatment of UTIs. However, with the increase of drug resistance, the course of the disease is prolonged. Therefore, identifying the receptors and signal pathways of host cells and tissues will further our understanding of the pathogenesis of UTIs and help in the development of new drug treatments. We used two public microarray datasets (GSE43790, GSE124917) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UTI and normal cell samples. A functional analysis based on Gene Ontology (GO) data, a pathway enrichment analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data and a protein-protein interaction analysis identified the main potential biomarkers and verified them in animal tissues. A total of 147 up-regulated genes and 40 down-regulated genes were identified. GO enrichment analysis showed that these functional changes relate to the terms response to lipopolysaccharide, regulation of cytokine production, and regulation of the inflammatory response. KEGG analysis indicated that urinary tract infections likely involve the TNF-αsignaling pathways. The 20 hub genes were selected from the protein-protein interaction network, and the highly significant hub genes were verified by animal experiments. Our findings provide potential targets for exploring new treatments for urinary tract infections. After a comprehensive analysis of the GEO database, these results may facilitate development of new diagnosis and treatment strategies for urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin,China.,State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin,China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Okuyama E, Kawatani M, Hashimoto J, Tanimoto K, Hashimoto M, Matsumoto‐Miyai K. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway inhibits the bladder ATP release in response to a physiological or pathological stimulus. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14938. [PMID: 34288526 PMCID: PMC8290832 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of ATP from the epithelium of the urinary bladder (urothelium) in response to mechanical/chemical stimuli contributes to the visceral sensation in the micturition reflex. The nitric oxide (NO)-mediated induction of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) has been detected in urothelial cells and may inhibit the micturition reflex. However, the function of the NO-cGMP pathway in the regulation of urothelial ATP release remains poorly understood in contrast to its effects on smooth muscles or primary afferent nerves. Therefore, we investigated the relevance of the NO-cGMP pathway to ATP release on the mucosal side in the present study. The administration of l-arginine (NO precursor) or NOC 12 (NO donor) significantly reduced ATP release to the mucosal side at a physiologically normal urine storage pressure (5 cmH2 O). L-NAME (NO synthase inhibitor) significantly increased the distention-induced release of ATP. The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, which increases cGMP levels, inhibited distention-induced ATP release. Furthermore, sildenafil significantly reduced ATP release in response to the administration of lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that the NO-cGMP pathway inhibited urothelial ATP release during the storage phase under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Okuyama
- Department of RadiologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Masahito Kawatani
- Department of NeurophysiologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
| | - Junichi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive RehabilitationOsaka Prefecture UniversityHabikinoOsakaJapan
| | - Keisuke Tanimoto
- Graduate School of Comprehensive RehabilitationOsaka Prefecture UniversityHabikinoOsakaJapan
| | - Manabu Hashimoto
- Department of RadiologyAkita University Graduate School of MedicineAkitaJapan
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Zyrianova T, Lopez B, Liao A, Gu C, Wong L, Ottolia M, Olcese R, Schwingshackl A. BK Channels Regulate LPS-induced CCL-2 Release from Human Pulmonary Endothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:224-234. [PMID: 33217242 PMCID: PMC7874395 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0228oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently established a role for the stretch-activated two-pore-domain K+ (K2P) channel TREK-1 (K2P2.1) in inflammatory cytokine secretion using models of hyperoxia-, mechanical stretch-, and TNF-α-induced acute lung injury. We have now discovered the expression of large conductance, Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and primary human alveolar epithelial cells using semiquantitative real-time PCR, IP and Western blot, and investigated their role in inflammatory cytokine secretion using an LPS-induced acute lung injury model. As expected, LPS induced IL-6 and CCL-2 secretion from pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells. BK activation with NS1619 decreased LPS-induced CCL-2 but not IL-6 secretion from endothelial cells and had no effect on epithelial cells, although fluorometric assays revealed that BK activation hyperpolarized the plasma membrane potential (Em) of both cell types. Interestingly, BK inhibition (Paxilline) did not alter cytokine secretion or the Em in either cell type. Furthermore, LPS treatment by itself did not affect the Em or intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Therefore, we propose BK channel activation as a novel targeted approach to counteract LPS-induced CCL-2 secretion from endothelial cells. This protective effect appears to occur via Em hyperpolarization but independent of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michela Ottolia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
| | - Riccardo Olcese
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and
- Department of Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Horváth J, Wullt B, Naber KG, Köves B. Biomarkers in urinary tract infections - which ones are suitable for diagnostics and follow-up? GMS INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 8:Doc24. [PMID: 33299741 PMCID: PMC7705555 DOI: 10.3205/id000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections worldwide. Under special circumstances, clinicians must rely on laboratory findings, which might have a weak predicting value, misguiding the practitioners and leading to incorrect diagnosis and overuse of antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need for reliable biomarkers in UTIs. Methods: We performed a literature search for biomarkers used in UTIs from January 1999 until May 2020. We used "urinary tract infection" and "biomarker" as the main key words in the PubMed, Medline and Cochrane databases. After peer review, we excluded the duplicates and identified the suitable articles, from which we collected the data and divided the available biomarkers into 5 groups: i) conventional markers; ii) promising, thoroughly studied biomarkers; iii) promising biomarkers that need further studies; iv) biomarkers of unknown significance; v) controversial, not useful markers. Results: We found 131 articles, mostly from the paediatric population. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interleukins (IL) have a leading role in diagnosing and differentiating UTIs based on a lot of observational, comparative trials. Heparin Binding Protein (HBP), Lactoferrin (LF), Heat-Shock Protein-70 (HSP-70), Human Defensin-5 (HD-5), Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) and mass spectrometry studies are promising, but confirming data are lacking. The measurable components of the innate immune system and local host cell response could be appropriate biomarkers, but their significance is currently unknown. Conclusions: Conventional biomarkers for UTIs have low specificity. The use of urinary NGAL and interleukins could improve the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory diagnosis of UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Horváth
- BKMK SZTE ÁOK Okt. Kh. Urológiai Osztálya, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Björn Wullt
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kurt G. Naber
- Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Béla Köves
- Jahn Ferenc Dél-pesti Kórház és Rendelőintézet, Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Zhu K, Hill WG, Li F, Shi B, Chai TC. Early Increased Urinary IL-2 and IL-10 Levels Were Associated With Development of Chronic UTI in a Murine Model. Urology 2020; 141:188.e1-188.e6. [PMID: 32201154 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze factors during early stage of urinary tract infection (UTI) that are associated with development of chronic UTI. METHODS Mice were inoculated with Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) 2 times 24 hours apart. At 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days post infection (dpi), urine bacterial loads and voiding behavior (voiding spot assay, VSA) were measured. At 1 and 28 dpi, 32 urine inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bladder and kidney cytokines/chemokines were measured on 28 dpi. Mice that had no more than 1 episode of urine bacterial load < 104 colony forming unit/ml during the entire 4 weeks were defined as susceptible to chronic UTI, otherwise, mice were considered resistant. RESULTS At 28 dpi, 64.3% mice developed chronic UTI (susceptible group) and 35.7% mice did not (resistant group). Factors at 1 dpi that were predictive of chronic UTI included increased urine IL-2 (OR 11.9, 95%CI 1.1-130.8, P = .043) and increased urine IL-10 (OR 14.0, 95%CI 1.0-201.2, P = .052). At 28 dpi, there were several significant differences between the susceptible vs resistant groups including urine/tissue bacterial loads and certain urine/tissue cytokines/chemokines. CONCLUSIONS Higher urine IL-2 and IL-10 at 1 dpi predicted chronic UTI infection in this model. There have been recent publications associating both of these cytokines to UTI susceptibility. Further explorations into IL-2 and IL-10 mediated pathways could shed light on the biology of recurrent and chronic UTI which are difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Warren G Hill
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Toby C Chai
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Trombetta-Lima M, Krabbendam IE, Dolga AM. Calcium-activated potassium channels: implications for aging and age-related neurodegeneration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 123:105748. [PMID: 32353429 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Population aging, as well as the handling of age-associated diseases, is a worldwide increasing concern. Among them, Alzheimer's disease stands out as the major cause of dementia culminating in full dependence on other people for basic functions. However, despite numerous efforts, in the last decades, there was no new approved therapeutic drug for the treatment of the disease. Calcium-activated potassium channels have emerged as a potential tool for neuronal protection by modulating intracellular calcium signaling. Their subcellular localization is determinant of their functional effects. When located on the plasma membrane of neuronal cells, they can modulate synaptic function, while their activation at the inner mitochondrial membrane has a neuroprotective potential via the attenuation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in conditions of oxidative stress. Here we review the dual role of these channels in the aging phenotype and Alzheimer's disease pathology and discuss their potential use as a therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Medical School, Neurology Department, University of São Paulo (USP), 01246903 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inge E Krabbendam
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Yang X, Wang G, Cao T, Zhang L, Ma Y, Jiang S, Teng X, Sun X. Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of murine microglia. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12921-12932. [PMID: 31296663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are ubiquitously expressed in most cell types where they regulate many cellular, organ, and organismal functions. Although BK currents have been recorded specifically in activated murine and human microglia, it is not yet clear whether and how the function of this channel is related to microglia activation. Here, using patch-clamping, Griess reaction, ELISA, immunocytochemistry, and immunoblotting approaches, we show that specific inhibition of the BK channel with paxilline (10 μm) or siRNA-mediated knockdown of its expression significantly suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced (100 ng/ml) BV-2 and primary mouse microglial cell activation. We found that membrane BK current is activated by LPS at a very early stage through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to nuclear translocation of NF-κB and to production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we noted that BK channels are also expressed intracellularly, and their nuclear expression significantly increases in late stages of LPS-mediated microglia activation, possibly contributing to production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Of note, a specific TLR4 inhibitor suppressed BK channel expression, whereas an NF-κB inhibitor did not. Taken together, our findings indicate that BK channels participate in both the early and the late stages of LPS-stimulated murine microglia activation involving both membrane-associated and nuclear BK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yunzhi Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shuhui Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xinchen Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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