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Simsek Papur O, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP. Protein kinase-D1 and downstream signaling mechanisms involved in GLUT4 translocation in cardiac muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119748. [PMID: 38723678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The Ser/Thr kinase protein kinase-D1 (PKD1) is involved in induction of various cell physiological processes in the heart such as myocellular hypertrophy and inflammation, which may turn maladaptive during long-term stimulation. Of special interest is a key role of PKD1 in the regulation of cardiac substrate metabolism. Glucose and fatty acids are the most important substrates for cardiac energy provision, and the ratio at which they are utilized determines the health status of the heart. Cardiac glucose uptake is mainly regulated by translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular stores (endosomes) to the sarcolemma, and fatty acid uptake via a parallel translocation of fatty acid transporter CD36 from endosomes to the sarcolemma. PKD1 is involved in the regulation of GLUT4 translocation, but not CD36 translocation, giving it the ability to modulate glucose uptake without affecting fatty acid uptake, thereby altering the cardiac substrate balance. PKD1 would therefore serve as an attractive target to combat cardiac metabolic diseases with a tilted substrate balance, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, PKD1 activation also elicits cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. Therefore, identification of the events upstream and downstream of PKD1 may provide superior therapeutic targets to alter the cardiac substrate balance. Recent studies have identified the lipid kinase phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ) as signaling hub downstream of PKD1 to selectively stimulate GLUT4-mediated myocardial glucose uptake without inducing hypertrophy. Taken together, the PKD1 signaling pathway serves a pivotal role in cardiac glucose metabolism and is a promising target to selectively modulate glucose uptake in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlenen Simsek Papur
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Yu Y, Yang J, Zheng L, Su H, Cao S, Jiang X, Liu X, Liu W, Wang Z, Meng F, Xu H, Wen D, Sun C, Song X, Vidal-Puig A, Cao L. Dysfunction of Akt/FoxO3a/Atg7 regulatory loop magnifies obesity-regulated muscular mass decline. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101892. [PMID: 38331318 PMCID: PMC10876605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoprotein degradation accelerates in obese individuals, resulting in a decline in muscular mass. Atg7 plays a crucial role in regulating protein stability and function through both autophagy-dependent and independent pathways. As obesity progresses, the expression of Atg7 gradually rises in muscle tissue. Nonetheless, the precise impact and mechanism of Atg7 in promoting muscle mass decline in obesity remain uncertain. The study aimed to elucidate the role and underly mechanism of Atg7 action in the context of obesity-induced muscle mass decline. METHODS In this study, we established a murine model of high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and introduced adeno-associated virus delivery of short hairpin RNA to knock down Atg7 (shAtg7) into the gastrocnemius muscle. We then examined the expressions of Atg7 and myoprotein degradation markers in the gastrocnemius tissues of obese patients and mice using immunofluorescence and western blotting techniques. To further investigate the effects of Atg7, we assessed skeletal muscle cell diameter and the myoprotein degradation pathway in C2C12 and HSkMC cells in the presence or absence of Atg7. Immunofluorescence staining for MyHC and western blotting were utilized for this purpose. To understand the transcriptional regulation of Atg7 in response to myoprotein degradation, we conducted luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments to examine whether FoxO3a enhances the transcription of Atg7. Moreover, we explored the role of Akt in Atg7-mediated regulation and its relevance to obesity-induced muscle mass decline. This was accomplished by Akt knockdown, treatment with MK2206, and GST pulldown assays to assess the interaction between Atg7 and Akt. RESULTS After 20 weeks of being on a high-fat diet, obesity was induced, leading to a significant decrease in the gastrocnemius muscle area and a decline in muscle performance. This was accompanied by a notable increase in Atg7 protein expression (p < 0.01). Similarly, in gastrocnemius tissues of obese patients when compared to nonobese individuals, there was a significant increase in both Atg7 (p < 0.01) and TRIM63 (p < 0.01) levels. When palmitic acid was administered to C2C12 cells, it resulted in increased Atg7 (p < 0.01), LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ (p < 0.01), and p62 levels (p < 0.01). Additionally, it promoted FoxO3a-mediated transcription of Atg7. The knockdown of Atg7 in the gastrocnemius partially reversed DIO-induced muscle mass decline. Furthermore, when Atg7 was knocked down in C2C12 and HSkMC cells, it mitigated palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance, increased the p-Akt/Akt ratio (p < 0.01), and reduced TRIM63 (p < 0.01). Muscular atrophy mediated by Atg7 was reversed by genetic knockdown of Akt and treatment with the p-Akt inhibitor MK2206. Palmitic acid administration increased the binding between Atg7 and Akt (p < 0.01) while weakening the binding of PDK1 (p < 0.01) and PDK2 (p < 0.01) to Akt. GST pulldown assays demonstrated that Atg7 directly interacted with the C-terminal domain of Akt. CONCLUSION The consumption of a high-fat diet, along with lipid-induced effects, led to the inhibition of Akt signaling, which, in turn, promoted FoxO3a-mediated transcription, increasing Atg7 levels in muscle cells. The excess Atg7 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, leading to a cyclic activation of FoxO3a and exacerbating the decline in muscle mass regulated by obesity. Consequently, Atg7 serves as a regulatory point in determining the decline in muscle mass induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Sunrun Cao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuehan Jiang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Meng
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, CB2 1TN, Cambridge, UK; Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Yang J, Li L, Wang L, Chen R, Yang X, Wu J, Feng G, Ding J, Diao L, Chen J, Yang J. Trophoblast-derived miR-410-5p induces M2 macrophage polarization and mediates immunotolerance at the fetal-maternal interface by targeting the STAT1 signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:19. [PMID: 38178171 PMCID: PMC10768263 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages phenotypic deviation and immune imbalance play vital roles in pregnancy-associated diseases such as spontaneous miscarriage. Trophoblasts regulate phenotypic changes in macrophages, however, their underlying mechanism during pregnancy remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the potential function of trophoblast-derived miRNAs (miR-410-5p) in macrophage polarization during pregnancy. METHODS Patient decidual macrophage tissue samples in spontaneous abortion group and normal pregnancy group (those who had induced abortion for non-medical reasons) were collected at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from April to December 2021. Furthermore, placental villi and decidua tissue samples were collected from patients who had experienced a spontaneous miscarriage and normal pregnant women for validation and subsequent experiments at the Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), from March 2021 to September 2022. As an animal model, 36 female mice were randomly divided into six groups as follows: naive-control, lipopolysaccharide-model, agomir-negative control prevention, agomir-410-5p prevention, agomir-negative control treatment, and agomir-410-5p treatment groups. We analyzed the miR-410-5p expression in abortion tissue and plasma samples; and supplemented miR-410-5p to evaluate embryonic absorption in vivo. The main source of miR-410-5p at the maternal-fetal interface was analyzed, and the possible target gene, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1, of miR-410-5p was predicted. The effect of miR-410-5p and STAT1 regulation on macrophage phenotype, oxidative metabolism, and mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed in vitro. RESULTS MiR-410-5p levels were lower in the spontaneous abortion group compared with the normal pregnancy group, and plasma miR-410-5p levels could predict pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Prophylactic supplementation of miR-410-5p in pregnant mice reduced lipopolysaccharide-mediated embryonic absorption and downregulated the decidual macrophage pro-inflammatory phenotype. MiR-410-5p were mainly distributed in villi, and trophoblasts secreted exosomes-miR-410-5p at the maternal-fetal interface. After macrophages captured exosomes, the cells shifted to the tolerance phenotype. STAT1 was a potential target gene of miR-410-5p. MiR-410-5p bound to STAT1 mRNA, and inhibited the expression of STAT1 protein. STAT1 can drive macrophages to mature to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. MiR-410-5p competitive silencing of STAT1 can avoid macrophage immune disorders. CONCLUSION MiR-410-5p promotes M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting STAT1, thus ensuring a healthy pregnancy. These findings are of great significance for diagnosing and preventing spontaneous miscarriage, providing a new perspective for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (Formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, 518045, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linlin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (Formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, 518045, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (Formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, 518045, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (Formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, 518045, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanhua Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (Formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, 518045, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (Formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, 518045, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Ding
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghui Diao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-Implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (Formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital), Shenzhen, 518045, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Hubei Clinic Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Mahnic N, Geremia A, Straub T, Zorzato S, Schönfelder M, von Lüttichau I, Steiger K, Saller MM, Blaauw B, Wackerhage H. One bout of endurance exercise does not change gene expression or proliferation in a C26 colon carcinoma in immunocompetent mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17361-17369. [PMID: 37840045 PMCID: PMC10657308 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise typically reduces tumour growth, proliferation and improves outcomes. Many of these effects require exercise to change gene expression within a tumour, but whether exercise actually affects gene expression within a tumour has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was, therefore, to find out whether one bout of endurance exercise alters gene expression and proliferation in a C26 carcinoma in immunocompetent mice. METHODS BALB/c were injected with C26 colon carcinoma cells. Once the tumours had formed, the mice either ran for 65 min with increasing intensity or rested before the tumour was dissected. The tumours were then analysed by RNA-Seq and stained for the proliferation marker KI67. RESULTS One bout of running for 65 min did not systematically change gene expression in C26 carcinomas of BALB/c mice when compared to BALB/c mice that were rested. However, when analysed for sex, the expression of 17, mostly skeletal muscle-related genes was higher in the samples of the female mice taken post-exercise. Further histological analysis showed that this signal likely comes from the presence of muscle fibres from the panniculus carnosus muscle inside the tumours. Also, we found no differences in the positivity for the proliferation marker KI67 in the control and exercise C26 carcinomas. CONCLUSION A bout of exercise did not systematically affect gene expression or proliferation in C26 carcinomas in immunocompetent BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Mahnic
- Professorship of Exercise Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessia Geremia
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Tobias Straub
- Bioinformatics Core, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Zorzato
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Professorship of Exercise Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene von Lüttichau
- Kinderklinik München Schwabing, Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal UniversityCenter Munich (MUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) University Hospital, LMU Munich, Fraunhoferstraße 20, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Professorship of Exercise Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Alharbi A, Li J, Womack E, Farrow M, Yarar-Fisher C. The Effect of Lower Limb Combined Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Skeletal Muscle Signaling for Glucose Utilization, Myofiber Distribution, and Metabolic Function after Spinal Cord Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6958. [PMID: 37887696 PMCID: PMC10606374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining healthy myofiber type and metabolic function early after spinal cord injury (SCI) may prevent chronic metabolic disorders. This study compares the effects of a 2-5 week combined (aerobic + resistance) neuromuscular electrical stimulation (Comb-NMES) regimen versus a sham control treatment on muscle protein signaling for glucose uptake, myofiber type distribution, and metabolic function. Twenty participants (31 ± 9 years of age) with an SCI (C4-L1, AIS level A-C) within 14 days of the SCI were randomly assigned to control (N = 8) or Comb-NMES (N = 12). Sessions were given three times per week. Fasting blood samples and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected 24-48 h before or after the last session. Western blots were performed to quantify proteins, immunohistochemical analyses determined muscle myofiber distribution, and enzymatic assays were performed to measure serum glucose, insulin, and lipids. Our main findings include a decrease in fasting glucose (p < 0.05) and LDL-C (p < 0.05) levels, an upregulation of CamKII and Hexokinase (p < 0.05), and an increase in type I (+9%) and a decrease in type IIx (-36%) myofiber distribution in response to Comb-NMES. Our findings suggest that maintaining healthy myofiber type and metabolic function may be achieved via early utilization of Comb-NMES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alharbi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Erika Womack
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA;
| | - Matthew Farrow
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Ceren Yarar-Fisher
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (J.L.); (M.F.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Tien N, Wu TY, Lin CL, Chu FY, Wang CCN, Hsu CY, Tsai FJ, Fang YJ, Lim YP. Association of epilepsy, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a population-based cohort retrospective study, impact of AEDs on T2DM-related molecular pathway, and via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ transactivation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1156952. [PMID: 37334286 PMCID: PMC10272786 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1156952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A potential association between epilepsy and subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged in recent studies. However, the association between epilepsy, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), and the risk of T2DM development remains controversial. We aimed to conduct a nationwide, population-based, retrospective, cohort study to evaluate this relationship. Methods We extracted data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database of patients with new-onset epilepsy and compared it with that of a comparison cohort of patients without epilepsy. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the difference in the risk of developing T2DM between the two cohorts. Next-generation RNA sequencing was used to characterize T2DM-related molecularchanges induced by AEDs and the T2DM-associated pathways they alter. The potential of AEDs to induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transactivation was also evaluated. Results After adjusting for comorbidities and confounding factors, the case group (N = 14,089) had a higher risk for T2DM than the control group (N = 14,089) [adjusted hazards ratio (aHR), 1.27]. Patients with epilepsy not treated with AEDs exhibited a significantly higher risk of T2DM (aHR, 1.70) than non-epileptic controls. In those treated with AEDs, the risk of developing T2DM was significantly lower than in those not treated (all aHR ≤ 0.60). However, an increase in the defined daily dose of phenytoin (PHE), but not of valproate (VPA), increased the risk of T2DM development (aHR, 2.28). Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that compared to PHE, VPA induced multiple beneficial genes associated with glucose homeostasis. Among AEDs, VPA induced the specific transactivation of PPARγ. Discussion Our study shows epilepsy increases the risk of T2DM development, however, some AEDs such as VPA might yield a protective effect against it. Thus, screening blood glucose levels in patients with epilepsy is required to explore the specific role and impact of AEDs in the development of T2DM. Future in depth research on the possibility to repurpose VPA for the treatment of T2DM, will offer valuable insight regarding the relationship between epilepsy and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Charles C. N. Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Precision Health Research, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Fang
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Digestive Disease Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Guo Q, Yen CN, Scheffler TL, Richert BT, Schinckel AP, Grant AL, Gerrard DE. Ractopamine does not rescue Halothane and Rendement Napole metabolism postmortem. Meat Sci 2023; 198:109075. [PMID: 36641987 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if ractopamine (RAC) impacts postmortem muscle metabolism and subsequent pork quality in Halothane (HAL) and Rendement Napole (RN) mutant pigs. All RAC fed pigs had increased (P < 0.04) L* values. HAL and RN mutants muscle had lower (P < 0.01) pH values but RAC feeding had no effect. RN mutants had higher and lower (P < 0.05) muscle pH and temperatures, respectfully at 15 min and RN mutant pigs had greater (P < 0.0001) glycogen initially but lactate levels similar to wild type (WT) pigs at 24 h. RAC lowered (P < 0.05) glycogen in RN mutants but not in HAL mutated or WT pig muscle. These data show RAC feeding changes postmortem energy metabolism but does not change pH and pork quality hallmark of two major pig gene mutations and supports our contention that ultimate meat quality traits and their biochemical drivers may be more complex than originally reasoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Guo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - C-N Yen
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24601, United States of America
| | - T L Scheffler
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - B T Richert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - A P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
| | - A L Grant
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24601, United States of America
| | - D E Gerrard
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24601, United States of America.
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8
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Azarova I, Polonikov A, Klyosova E. Molecular Genetics of Abnormal Redox Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054738. [PMID: 36902173 PMCID: PMC10003739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and their neutralization by antioxidant enzymes is one of the major pathological disorders underlying the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review summarizes the current state of the art advances in understanding the role of abnormal redox homeostasis in the molecular mechanisms of T2D and provides comprehensive information on the characteristics and biological functions of antioxidant and oxidative enzymes, as well as discusses genetic studies conducted so far in order to investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in genes encoding redox state-regulating enzymes to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya Street, 305041 Kursk, Russia
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9
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New Insight into the Understanding of Muscle Glycolysis: Sestrins, Key Pivotal Proteins Integrating Glucose and Leucine to Control mTOR Activation. J Nutr 2023; 153:915-916. [PMID: 36796434 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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10
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Magkos F, Reeds DN, Mittendorfer B. Evolution of the diagnostic value of "the sugar of the blood": hitting the sweet spot to identify alterations in glucose dynamics. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:7-30. [PMID: 35635320 PMCID: PMC9576168 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution of the definition of hyperglycemia during the past century and the alterations in glucose dynamics that cause fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. We discuss how extensive mechanistic, physiological research into the factors and pathways that regulate the appearance of glucose in the circulation and its uptake and metabolism by tissues and organs has contributed knowledge that has advanced our understanding of different types of hyperglycemia, namely prediabetes and diabetes and their subtypes (impaired fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, combined impaired fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus), their relationships with medical complications, and how to prevent and treat hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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11
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John A, Howarth FC, Raza H. Exercise alleviates diabetic complications by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade and mitochondrial metabolic stress in GK diabetic rat tissues. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1052608. [PMID: 36531176 PMCID: PMC9751475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1052608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, obesity (referred to as "diabesity"), and metabolic syndrome associated with increased insulin resistance and/or decreased insulin sensitivity have been implicated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in energy metabolism. The precise molecular mechanisms of these complications, however, remain to be clarified. Owing to the limitations and off-target side effects of antidiabetic drugs, exercise-induced control of hyperglycemia and increased insulin sensitivity is a preferred strategy to manage "diabesity" associated complications. In this study, we have investigated the effects of moderate exercise (1 h/day, 5 days a week for 60 days) on mitochondrial, metabolic, and oxidative stress-related changes in the liver and kidney of type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Our previous study, using the same exercise regimen, demonstrated improved energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the pancreas of GK diabetic rats. Our current study demonstrates exercise-induced inhibition of ROS production and NADPH oxidase enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the liver and kidney of GK rats. Interestingly, glutathione (GSH) content and GSH-peroxidase and GSH reductase enzymes as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were profoundly altered in diabetic rat tissues. Exercise helped in restoring the altered GSH metabolism and antioxidant homeostasis. An increase in cytosolic glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase, and a decrease in mitochondrial Kreb's cycle enzyme was observed in GK diabetic rat tissues. Exercise helped restore the altered energy metabolism. A significant decrease in the activities of mitochondrial complexes and ATP content was also observed in the GK rats and exercise regulated the activities of the respiratory complexes and improved energy utilization. Activation of cytochrome P450s, CYP 2E1, and CYP 3A4 was observed in the tissues of GK rats, which recovered after exercise. Altered expression of redox-responsive proteins and translocation of transcription factor NFκB-p65, accompanied by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), SIRT-1, Glut-4, and PPAR-γ suggests the induction of antioxidant defense responses and increased energy metabolism in GK diabetic rats after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie John
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider Raza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Haider Raza,
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Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis cause Glut4 translocation and increase glucose uptake in adipocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15640. [PMID: 36123369 PMCID: PMC9485115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes by triggering translocation of glucose transporter 4-containg vesicles to the plasma membrane. Under basal conditions, these vesicles (IRVs for insulin-responsive vesicles) are retained inside the cell via a “static” or “dynamic” mechanism. We have found that inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, actinomycin D and emetine, stimulate Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake in adipocytes without engaging conventional signaling proteins, such as Akt, TBC1D4, or TUG. Actinomycin D does not significantly affect endocytosis of Glut4 or recycling of transferrin, suggesting that it specifically increases exocytosis of the IRVs. Thus, the intracellular retention of the IRVs in adipocytes requires continuous RNA and protein biosynthesis de novo. These results point out to the existence of a short-lived inhibitor of IRV translocation thus supporting the “static” model.
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Forrester N. Physiology in Perspective. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:114. [PMID: 35349354 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00004.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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