1
|
Gokalp S, Inci A, Kilic A, Ozsaydi E, Altun AN, Demir F, Ergin FB, Ozbek MN, Okur I, Ezgu F, Tumer L. A very rare presentation of mitochondrial elongation factor Tu deficiency- TUFM mutation and literature review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:571-574. [PMID: 38630895 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mitochondrial elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), encoded by the TUFM gene, is a GTPase, which is part of the mitochondrial protein translation mechanism. If it is activated, it delivers the aminoacyl-tRNAs to the mitochondrial ribosome. Here, a patient was described with a homozygous missense variant in the TUFM [c.1016G>A (p.Arg339Gln)] gene. To date, only six patients have been reported with bi-allelic pathogenic variants in TUFM, leading to combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 4 (COXPD4) characterized by severe early-onset lactic acidosis, encephalopathy, and cardiomyopathy. CASE PRESENTATION The patient presented here had the phenotypic features of TUFM-related disease, lactic acidosis, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, optic atrophy, and mild encephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS We aimed to expand the clinical spectrum of pathogenic variants of TUFM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabire Gokalp
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Asli Inci
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Kilic
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ekin Ozsaydi
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Nur Altun
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fevzi Demir
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Filiz Basak Ergin
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Nuri Ozbek
- Department of Pediatrics, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Türkiye
| | - Ilyas Okur
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Ezgu
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Leyla Tumer
- Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li T, Aziz T, Li G, Zhang L, Yao J, Jia S. A zebrafish tufm mutant model for the COXPD4 syndrome of aberrant mitochondrial function. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00122-X. [PMID: 38825039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor leading to a wide range of clinically heterogeneous and often severe disorders due to its central role in generating cellular energy. Mutations in the TUFM gene are known to cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 4 (COXPD4), a rare mitochondrial disorder characterized by a comprehensive quantitative deficiency in mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complexes. The development of a reliable animal model for COXPD4 is crucial for elucidating the roles and mechanisms of TUFM in disease pathogenesis and benefiting its medical management. In this study, we construct a zebrafish tufm-/- mutant that closely resembles the COXPD4 syndrome, exhibiting compromised mitochondrial protein translation, dysfunctional mitochondria with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects, and significant metabolic suppression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Leveraging this COXPD4 zebrafish model, we comprehensively validate the clinical relevance of TUFM mutations and identify probucol as a promising therapeutic approach for managing COXPD4. Our data offer valuable insights for understanding mitochondrial diseases and developing effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tursunjan Aziz
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jihua Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shunji Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhan J, Jin K, Xie R, Fan J, Tang Y, Chen C, Li H, Wang DW. AGO2 Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Activating Mitochondrial Gene Translation. Circulation 2024; 149:1102-1120. [PMID: 38126189 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with cardiovascular complications. microRNAs translocate into subcellular organelles to modify genes involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, functional properties of subcellular AGO2 (Argonaute2), a core member of miRNA machinery, remain elusive. METHODS We elucidated the function and mechanism of subcellular localized AGO2 on mouse models for diabetes and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 9 was used to deliver AGO2 to mice through the tail vein. Cardiac structure and functions were assessed by echocardiography and catheter manometer system. RESULTS AGO2 was decreased in mitochondria of diabetic cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of mitochondrial AGO2 attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction. AGO2 recruited TUFM, a mitochondria translation elongation factor, to activate translation of electron transport chain subunits and decrease reactive oxygen species. Malonylation, a posttranslational modification of AGO2, reduced the importing of AGO2 into mitochondria in diabetic cardiomyopathy. AGO2 malonylation was regulated by a cytoplasmic-localized short isoform of SIRT3 through a previously unknown demalonylase function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the SIRT3-AGO2-CYTB axis links glucotoxicity to cardiac electron transport chain imbalance, providing new mechanistic insights and the basis to develop mitochondria targeting therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease, Fujian Medical University, China (J.Z.)
| | - Kunying Jin
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Rong Xie
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Yuyan Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z., K.J., R.X., J.F., Y.T., C.C., H.L., D.W.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dasgupta SK, Gollamudi J, Rivera S, Poche RA, Rumbaut RE, Thiagarajan P. β2-glycoprotein I promotes the clearance of circulating mitochondria. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293304. [PMID: 38271349 PMCID: PMC10810532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
β2-glycoprotein I (β2-Gp1) is a cardiolipin-binding plasma glycoprotein. It is evolutionarily conserved from invertebrates, and cardiolipin-bound β2-Gp1 is a major target of antiphospholipid antibodies seen in autoimmune disorders. Cardiolipin is almost exclusively present in mitochondria, and mitochondria are present in circulating blood. We show that β2-Gp1 binds to cell-free mitochondria (CFM) in the circulation and promotes its phagocytosis by macrophages at physiological plasma concentrations. Exogenous CFM had a short circulation time of less than 10 minutes in mice. Following infusion of CFM, β2-Gp1-deficient mice had significantly higher levels of transfused mitochondria at 5 minutes (9.9 ± 6.4 pg/ml versus 4.0 ± 2.3 pg/ml in wildtype, p = 0.01) and at 10 minutes (3.0 ± 3.6 pg/ml versus 1.0 ± 0.06 pg/ml in wild-type, p = 0.033, n = 10). In addition, the splenic macrophages had less phagocytosed CFM in β2-Gp1-deficient mice (24.4 ± 2.72% versus 35.6 ± 3.5 in wild-type, p = 0.001, n = 5). A patient with abnormal β2-Gp1, unable to bind cardiolipin, has increased CFM in blood (5.09 pg/ml versus 1.26 ± 1.35 in normal) and his plasma induced less phagocytosis of CFM by macrophages (47.3 ± 1.6% versus 54.3 ± 1.3, p = 0.01) compared to normal plasma. These results show the evolutionarily conserved β2-Gp1 is one of the mediators of the clearance of CFM in circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapan Kumar Dasgupta
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jahnavi Gollamudi
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Stefanie Rivera
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ross A. Poche
- Department of Medicine Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rolando E. Rumbaut
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Perumal Thiagarajan
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khodaeian M, Bitarafan F, Garrousi F, Sardehie EA, Pak N, Hosseinpour S, Shakiba M, Falah M, Garshasbi M, Tavasoli AR. Expanding phenotype heterogeneity of NARS2 by presenting subdural hematoma and parenchymal hemorrhage. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24983. [PMID: 37950505 PMCID: PMC10749492 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NARS2 encodes mitochondrial Asparaginyl-tRNA Synthetase 2, which catalyzes the aminoacylation of tRNA-Asn in the mitochondria. To date, 24 variants have been reported in NARS2 gene in 35 patients. The phenotypic variability of NARS2-associated disorder is broad, ranging from neurodevelopmental disorders to hearing loss. In this study, we report some novel imaging findings in an Iranian patient suffering from epileptic encephalopathy, caused by a previously reported variant, c.500A > G; p.(His167Arg), in NARS2. METHODS The spectrum of clinical manifestations of two Iranian patients was investigated and genetic analysis was performed by Whole-exome sequencing (WES). Additionally, we also reviewed the literature and summarized the phenotypes of previously reported patients with variants in the NARS2 gene. RESULTS Here, we present the phenotypic and genetic features of 2 unrelated Iranian infants presented with neurodevelopmental delay, seizures, hearing impairment, feeding problems, elevated serum lactate levels in addition to subdural hematoma and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage in the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of one of the patients. Genetic analysis revealed a biallelic missense variant in NARS2: c.500A > G; p.(His167Arg). We described the subdural hematoma and cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage of the brain for the first time. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new clinical findings, subdural hematoma, and parenchymal hemorrhage, in NARS2-related disorders. Our findings along with previous studies provide more evidence of the clinical presentation of the disease caused by pathogenic variants in NARS2. Expanding the clinical spectrum increases the diagnostic rate of molecular testing and improves the quality of counseling for at-risk couples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Bitarafan
- Department of Medical GeneticsOslo University Hospital and University of Oslo0450OsloNorway
| | | | | | - Neda Pak
- Pediatric Radiology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of ExcellenceTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Sareh Hosseinpour
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of ExcellenceTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Marjan Shakiba
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mofid Children's HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Hazrat Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTeheranIran
| | - Ali Reza Tavasoli
- Myelin Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Division, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of ExcellenceTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenix Children's HospitalPhoenixArizonaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zambon AA, Ghezzi D, Baldoli C, Cutillo G, Fontana K, Sofia V, Patricelli MG, Nasca A, Vinci S, Spiga I, Lamantea E, Fanelli GF, Sora MGN, Rovelli R, Poloniato A, Carrera P, Filippi M, Barera G. Expanding the spectrum of neonatal-onset AIFM1-associated disorders. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1844-1853. [PMID: 37644805 PMCID: PMC10578896 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pathogenic variants in AIFM1 have been associated with a wide spectrum of disorders, spanning from CMT4X to mitochondrial encephalopathy. Here we present a novel phenotype and review the existing literature on AIFM1-related disorders. METHODS We performed EEG recordings, brain MRI and MR Spectroscopy, metabolic screening, echocardiogram, clinical exome sequencing (CES) and family study. Effects of the variant were established on cultured fibroblasts from skin punch biopsy. RESULTS The patient presented with drug-resistant, electro-clinical, multifocal seizures 6 h after birth. Brain MRI revealed prominent brain swelling of both hemispheres and widespread signal alteration in large part of the cortex and of the thalami, with sparing of the basal nuclei. CES analysis revealed the likely pathogenic variant c.5T>C; p.(Phe2Ser) in the AIFM1 gene. The affected amino acid residue is located in the mitochondrial targeting sequence. Functional studies on cultured fibroblast showed a clear reduction in AIFM1 protein amount and defective activities of respiratory chain complexes I, III and IV. No evidence of protein mislocalization or accumulation of precursor protein was observed. Riboflavin, Coenzyme Q10 and thiamine supplementation was therefore given. At 6 months of age, the patient exhibited microcephaly but did not experience any further deterioration. He is still fed orally and there is no evidence of muscle weakness or atrophy. INTERPRETATION This is the first AIFM1 case associated with neonatal seizures and diffuse white matter involvement with relative sparing of basal ganglia, in the absence of clinical signs suggestive of myopathy or motor neuron disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A. Zambon
- Unit of NeurologySan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neuromuscular Repair Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanItaly
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Cristina Baldoli
- Department of NeuroradiologySan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Gianni Cutillo
- Unit of NeurologySan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurophysiology ServiceSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Katia Fontana
- Department of NeonatologySan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Sofia
- Department of NeonatologySan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | | | - Alessia Nasca
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Vinci
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Ivana Spiga
- Laboratory of Genomics and Clinical GeneticsSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Lamantea
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Rosanna Rovelli
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Antonella Poloniato
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Paola Carrera
- Laboratory of Genomics and Clinical GeneticsSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease DiagnosisSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Unit of NeurologySan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurophysiology ServiceSan Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Graziano Barera
- Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics UnitFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mitochondrial proteotoxicity: implications and ubiquitin-dependent quality control mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:574. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Wang Y, Luo Y, Huang Y. Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Sls1 is primarily required for
cox1
mRNA translation. Yeast 2022; 39:521-534. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University1 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Ying Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University1 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal University1 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan AU, Khan I, Khan MI, Latif M, Siddiqui MI, Khan SU, Htar TT, Wahid G, Ullah I, Bibi F, Khan A, Naseer MI, Seo GH, Jelani M. Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel compound heterozygous GFM1 variant underlying developmental delay, dystonia, polymicrogyria, and severe intellectual disability in a Pakhtun family. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2693-2700. [PMID: 35703069 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein synthesis requires three elongation factors including EF-Tu (TUFM; OMIM 602389), EF-Ts (TSFM; OMIM 604723), and EF-G1 (GFM1; OMIM 606639). Pathogenic variants in any of these three members result in defective mitochondrial translation which can impart an oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency. In this study, we investigated a consanguineous Pakhtun Pakistani family. There were four affected siblings at the time of this study and one affected girl had died in infancy. The index patient had severe intellectual disability, global developmental delay, dystonia, no speech development, feeding difficulties, and nystagmus. MRI brain presented thinning of corpus callosum and polymicrogyria. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous variant in GFM1 located on chromosome 3q25.32. Sanger sequencing confirmed recessive segregation of the maternal (NM_001308164.1:c.409G > A; p.Val137Met) and paternal (NM_001308164.1:c.1880G > A; p.Arg627Gln) variants in all the four affected siblings. These variants are classified as "likely-pathogenic" according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. GFM1 alterations mostly lead to severe phenotypes and the patients may die in early neonatal life; however, four of the affected siblings had survived till the ages of 10-17 years, without developing any life-threatening conditions. Mostly, in cousin marriages, the pathogenic variants are identical-by-descent, and affected siblings born to such parents are homozygous. Three homozygous variants were shortlisted in the analysis of the WES data, but Sanger sequencing did not confirm their segregation with the disease phenotype. This is the first report from Pakistan expanding pathogenicity of GFM1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atta Ullah Khan
- Department of Medicine, Pak International Medical College Hayatabad Phase 5, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Khan
- Rare Disease Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Omic Sciences, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Latif
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Siddiqui
- Radiology Department, North West General Hospital and Research Center, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shafi Ullah Khan
- School of Pharmacy Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thet Thet Htar
- School of Pharmacy Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghazala Wahid
- Department of Radiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah
- International Islamic University, Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Pakistan
| | - Fehmida Bibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asifullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan (AWKUM), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Go Hun Seo
- 3billion Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea (South Korea)
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Rare Disease Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Omic Sciences, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondria, the cell powerhouse, are membrane-bound organelles present in the cytoplasm of almost all the eukaryotic cells. Their main function is to generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, mitochondria store calcium for the cell signaling activities, generate heat, harbor pathways of intermediate metabolism and mediate cell growth and death. Primary mitochondrial diseases (MDs) form a clinically as well as genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders that result from the mitochondrial energetic metabolism malfunctions. The lifetime risk of the MDs development is estimated at 1:1470 of newborns, which makes them one of the most recurrent groups of inherited disorders with an important burden for society.
MDs are progressive with wide range of symptoms of variable severity that can emerge congenitally or anytime during the life. MD can be caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA genes. Mutations inducing impairment of mitochondrial function have been found in more than 400 genes. Furthermore, more than 1200 nuclear genes, which could play a role in the MDs’ genetic etiology, are involved in the mitochondrial activities. However, the knowledge regarding the mechanism of the mitochondrial pathogenicity appears to be most essential for the development of effective patient’s treatment suffering from the mitochondrial disease. This is an overview update focused on the mitochondrial biology and the mitochondrial diseases associated genes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Elgazzar D, Aboubakr M, Bayoumi H, Ibrahim AN, Sorour SM, El-Hewaity M, Elsayed AM, Shehata SA, Bayoumi KA, Alsieni M, Behery M, Abdelrahaman D, Ibrahim SF, Abdeen A. Tigecycline and Gentamicin-Combined Treatment Enhances Renal Damage: Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Reaction, and Apoptosis Interplay. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060736. [PMID: 35745655 PMCID: PMC9228782 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the combination of antibiotics is generally well-tolerated, they may have nephrotoxic effects. This study investigated whether tigecycline (TG) and gentamicin (GM) co-administration could accelerate renal damage. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups: the control, TG7 (tigecycline, 7 mg/kg), TG14 (tigecycline, 14 mg/kg), GM (gentamicin, 80 mg/kg), TG7+GM, and TG14+GM groups. The combination of TG and GM evoked renal damage seen by the disruption of kidney function tests. The perturbation of renal tissue was mainly confounded to the TG and GM-induced oxidative damage, which was exhibited by marked increases in renal MDA (malondialdehyde) along with a drastic reduction in GSH (reduced-glutathione) content and CAT (catalase) activity compared to their individual treatments. More obvious apoptotic events and inflammation were also revealed by elevating the annexin-V and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, aside from the upregulation of renal PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) expression in the TG and GM concurrent treatment. The principal component analysis indicated that creatinine, urea, annexin-V, IL-6, and MDA all played a role in discriminating the TG and GM combined toxicity. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis were the key mechanisms involved in this potentiated toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dina Elgazzar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt;
| | - Heba Bayoumi
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Amany N. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (A.N.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Safwa M. Sorour
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; (A.N.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Mohamed El-Hewaity
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum 32514, Egypt;
| | - Abulmaaty M. Elsayed
- Anatomy and Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Mutah 61710, Jordan;
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Shaimaa A. Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Khaled A. Bayoumi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsieni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maged Behery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Doaa Abdelrahaman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (D.A.); (S.F.I.)
| | - Samah F. Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (D.A.); (S.F.I.)
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Screening of Environmental Contaminants (CESEC), Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
- Correspondence: (D.E.); (A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Label-free proteomics-based analysis of peripheral nerve injury induced by Japanese encephalitis virus. J Proteomics 2022; 264:104619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
mtIF3 is locally translated in axons and regulates mitochondrial translation for axonal growth. BMC Biol 2022; 20:12. [PMID: 34996455 PMCID: PMC8742369 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The establishment and maintenance of functional neural connections relies on appropriate distribution and localization of mitochondria in neurites, as these organelles provide essential energy and metabolites. In particular, mitochondria are transported to axons and support local energy production to maintain energy-demanding neuronal processes including axon branching, growth, and regeneration. Additionally, local protein synthesis is required for structural and functional changes in axons, with nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs having been found localized in axons. However, it remains unclear whether these mRNAs are locally translated and whether the potential translated mitochondrial proteins are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial functions in axons. Here, we aim to further understand the purpose of such compartmentalization by focusing on the role of mitochondrial initiation factor 3 (mtIF3), whose nuclear-encoded transcripts have been shown to be present in axonal growth cones. Results We demonstrate that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induces local translation of mtIF3 mRNA in axonal growth cones. Subsequently, mtIF3 protein is translocated into axonal mitochondria and promotes mitochondrial translation as assessed by our newly developed bimolecular fluorescence complementation sensor for the assembly of mitochondrial ribosomes. We further show that BDNF-induced axonal growth requires mtIF3-dependent mitochondrial translation in distal axons. Conclusion We describe a previously unknown function of mitochondrial initiation factor 3 (mtIF3) in axonal protein synthesis and development. These findings provide insight into the way neurons adaptively control mitochondrial physiology and axonal development via local mtIF3 translation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01215-w.
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee S, Kang H, Jung H, Kim E, Lee E. Gene Dosage- and Age-Dependent Differential Transcriptomic Changes in the Prefrontal Cortex of Shank2-Mutant Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:683196. [PMID: 34177464 PMCID: PMC8226033 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.683196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank2 is an abundant postsynaptic scaffolding protein that is known to regulate excitatory synapse assembly and synaptic transmission and has been implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies on Shank2-mutant mice provided mechanistic insights into their autistic-like phenotypes, but it remains unclear how transcriptomic patterns are changed in brain regions of the mutant mice in age- and gene dosage-dependent manners. To this end, we performed RNA-Seq analyses of the transcripts from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of heterozygous and homozygous Shank2-mutant mice lacking exons 6 and 7 at juvenile (week 3) and adult (week 12) stages. Juvenile heterozygous Shank2-mutant mice showed upregulation of glutamate synapse-related genes, downregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, and transcriptomic changes that are opposite to those observed in ASD (anti-ASD) such as upregulation of ASD_down (downregulated in ASD), GABA neuron-related, and oligodendrocyte-related genes. Juvenile homozygous Shank2 mice showed upregulation of chromatin-related genes and transcriptomic changes that are in line with those occurring in ASD (pro-ASD) such as downregulation of ASD_down, GABA neuron-related, and oligodendrocyte-related genes. Adult heterozygous and homozygous Shank2-mutant mice both exhibited downregulation of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes and pro-ASD transcriptomic changes. Therefore, the gene dosage- and age-dependent effects of Shank2 deletions in mice include differential transcriptomic changes across distinct functional contexts, including synapses, chromatin, ribosomes, mitochondria, GABA neurons, and oligodendrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- Division of National Supercomputing, KISTI, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hwajin Jung
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eunee Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oshima Y, Cartier E, Boyman L, Verhoeven N, Polster BM, Huang W, Kane M, Lederer WJ, Karbowski M. Parkin-independent mitophagy via Drp1-mediated outer membrane severing and inner membrane ubiquitination. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211984. [PMID: 33851959 PMCID: PMC8050842 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that acute reduction in mitochondrial translation fidelity (MTF) causes ubiquitination of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) proteins, including TRAP1 and CPOX, which occurs selectively in mitochondria with a severed outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Ubiquitinated IMM recruits the autophagy machinery. Inhibiting autophagy leads to increased accumulation of mitochondria with severed OMM and ubiquitinated IMM. This process occurs downstream of the accumulation of cytochrome c/CPOX in a subset of mitochondria heterogeneously distributed throughout the cell (“mosaic distribution”). Formation of mosaic mitochondria, OMM severing, and IMM ubiquitination require active mitochondrial translation and mitochondrial fission, but not the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak. In contrast, in Parkin-overexpressing cells, MTF reduction does not lead to the severing of the OMM or IMM ubiquitination, but it does induce Drp1-independent ubiquitination of the OMM. Furthermore, high–cytochrome c/CPOX mitochondria are preferentially targeted by Parkin, indicating that in the context of reduced MTF, they are mitophagy intermediates regardless of Parkin expression. In sum, Parkin-deficient cells adapt to mitochondrial proteotoxicity through a Drp1-mediated mechanism that involves the severing of the OMM and autophagy targeting ubiquitinated IMM proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Oshima
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Etienne Cartier
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Liron Boyman
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicolas Verhoeven
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mariusz Karbowski
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yousefi R, Fornasiero EF, Cyganek L, Montoya J, Jakobs S, Rizzoli SO, Rehling P, Pacheu-Grau D. Monitoring mitochondrial translation in living cells. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51635. [PMID: 33586863 PMCID: PMC8024989 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria possess a small genome that codes for core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system and whose expression is essential for energy production. Information on the regulation and spatial organization of mitochondrial gene expression in the cellular context has been difficult to obtain. Here we devise an imaging approach to analyze mitochondrial translation within the context of single cells, by following the incorporation of clickable non‐canonical amino acids. We apply this method to multiple cell types, including specialized cells such as cardiomyocytes and neurons, and monitor with spatial resolution mitochondrial translation in axons and dendrites. We also show that translation imaging allows to monitor mitochondrial protein expression in patient fibroblasts. Approaching mitochondrial translation with click chemistry opens new avenues to understand how mitochondrial biogenesis is integrated into the cellular context and can be used to assess mitochondrial gene expression in mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Yousefi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eugenio F Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Pacheu-Grau
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Webb BD, Diaz GA, Prasun P. Mitochondrial translation defects and human disease. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2021; 4:71-80. [PMID: 33426504 PMCID: PMC7791537 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria perform the essential function of producing cellular energy in the form of ATP via the oxidative phosphorylation system. This system is composed of 5 multimeric protein complexes of which 13 protein subunits are encoded by the mitochondrial genome: Complex I (7 subunits), Complex III (1 subunit),Complex IV (3 subunits), and Complex (2 subunits). Effective mitochondrial translation is necessary to produce the protein subunits encoded by the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Defects in mitochondrial translation are known to cause a wide variety of clinical disease in humans with high-energy consuming organs generally most prominently affected. Here, we review several classes of disease resulting from defective mitochondrial translation including disorders with mitochondrial tRNA mutations, mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase disorders, mitochondrial rRNA mutations, and mitochondrial ribosomal protein disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryn D Webb
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - George A Diaz
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pankaj Prasun
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee DE, Brown JL, Rosa‐Caldwell ME, Perry RA, Brown LA, Haynie WS, Washington TA, Wiggs MP, Rajaram N, Greene NP. Cancer-induced Cardiac Atrophy Adversely Affects Myocardial Redox State and Mitochondrial Oxidative Characteristics. JCSM RAPID COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 4:3-15. [PMID: 33693448 PMCID: PMC7939061 DOI: 10.1002/rco2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cachexia presents in 80% of advanced cancer patients; however, cardiac atrophy in cachectic patients receives little attention. This cardiomyopathy contributes to increased occurrence of adverse cardiac events compared to age-matched population norms. Research on cardiac atrophy has focused on remodeling; however, alterations in metabolic properties may be a primary contributor. PURPOSE Determine how cancer-induced cardiac atrophy alters mitochondrial turnover, mitochondrial mRNA translation machinery and in-vitro oxidative characteristics. METHODS Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumors were implanted in C57BL6/J mice and grown for 28days to induce cardiac atrophy. Endogenous metabolic species, and markers of mitochondrial function were assessed. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in LLC-conditioned media with(out) the antioxidant MitoTempo. Cells were analyzed for ROS, oxidative capacity, and hypoxic resistance. RESULTS LLC heart weights were ~10% lower than controls. LLC hearts demonstrated ~15% lower optical redox ratio (FAD/FAD+NADH) compared to PBS controls. When compared to PBS, LLC hearts showed ~50% greater COX-IV and VDAC, attributed to ~50% lower mitophagy markers. mt-mRNA translation machinery was elevated similarly to markers of mitochondrial content. mitochondrial DNA-encoded Cytb was ~30% lower in LLC hearts. ROS scavengers GPx-3 and GPx-7 were ~50% lower in LLC hearts. Treatment of cardiomyocytes with LLC-conditioned media resulted in higher ROS (25%), lower oxygen consumption rates (10% at basal, 75% at maximal), and greater susceptibility to hypoxia (~25%) -- which was reversed by MitoTempo. CONCLUSION These results substantiate metabolic cardiotoxic effects attributable to tumor-associated factors and provide insight into interactions between mitochondrial mRNA translation, ROS mitigation, oxidative capacity and hypoxia resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Lee
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jacob L. Brown
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Megan E. Rosa‐Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Richard A. Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Lemuel A. Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Wesley S. Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Tyrone A. Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael P. Wiggs
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Govers LP, Toka HR, Hariri A, Walsh SB, Bockenhauer D. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in renal disease: an overview. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:9-17. [PMID: 31925537 PMCID: PMC7701126 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kidneys have a high energy demand to facilitate the reabsorption of the glomerular filtrate. For this reason, renal cells have a high density of mitochondria. Mitochondrial cytopathies can be the result of a mutation in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to a variety of renal manifestations. Examples of tubular manifestations are renal Fanconi Syndrome, which is often found in patients diagnosed with Kearns-Sayre and Pearson's marrow-pancreas syndrome, and distal tubulopathies, which result in electrolyte disturbances such as hypomagnesemia. Nephrotic syndrome can be a glomerular manifestation of mitochondrial dysfunction and is typically associated with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis on histology. Tubulointerstitial nephritis can also be seen in mitochondrial cytopathies and may lead to end-stage renal disease. The underlying mechanisms of these cytopathies remain incompletely understood; therefore, current therapies focus mainly on symptom relief. A better understanding of the molecular disease mechanisms is critical in order to improve treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa P Govers
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hakan R Toka
- Manatee Kidney Diseases Consultants, Bradenton, USA
| | - Ali Hariri
- Clinical Development, Sanofi Rare Disease, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
- Renal Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jaiswal KS, Khanna S, Ghosh A, Padhan P, Raghav SK, Gupta B. Differential mitochondrial genome in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Autoimmunity 2020; 54:1-12. [PMID: 33191792 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1846182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play an important role in cell survival, function and lineage differentiation. Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) may control mitochondrial functions and thus may impart an alternative cellular state thereby leading to a disease condition in the body. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease wherein immune cells become self-reactive causing joint inflammation, swelling and pain in patients. The changes in mtDNA may alter cellular functions thereby directing the immune cells towards an inflammatory phenotype in RA. Therefore, it becomes pertinent to identify changes in mtDNA sequence in immune cells of RA patients to understand the pathogenesis and progression of RA. METHODS mtDNA from peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) of 23 RA patients and 17 healthy controls (HCs) were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Further, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other variable changes in mtDNA hypervariable and coding regions, amino acid changes with a putative impact on disease, levels of heteroplasmy, copy number variations and haplogroup analysis in RA patients and HCs were analysed and compared to identify any association of mtDNA changes and RA disease. RESULTS A total of 382 single nucleotide mtDNA variants were observed, 91 (23.82%) were present in hypervariable region and 291 (76.18%) in coding region of patients and HC. The variant 513 GCA > ACA, with G present in HVR-III, known to control the mitochondrial translation function, was significantly present in RA patients. The CYTB gene had larger number of SNPs in HC samples while RNR2 was more variable in RA patients. A non-synonymous heteroplasmy in ND1 gene was found at a single nucleotide position 3533 in an increased number of RA patients as compared to the controls. A significant increase in mtDNA duplication and a higher frequency of the haplogroup U was also characteristic of RA. Also, the presence of SNPs in mitochondrial tRNA genes at two positions 12308 A > G and 15924 A > G were found to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION We herein observed an altered mtDNA sequence in immune cells of RA patients and thus a possible role of mitochondrial genome in the development of RA. The observed nucleotide changes in mtDNA control region, RNR2 gene, increased heteroplasmy and mtDNA duplication in RA patients may alter sites for transcription factor binding thereby influencing mtDNA gene expression, as well as copy numbers thereby affecting the mitochondrial proteins and their functions. These changes in mtDNA could be one of the probable reasons among many leading to the progression of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sagar Jaiswal
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shweta Khanna
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prasanta Padhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Laboratory of Immuno-Genomics and Systems Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li X, Peng B, Hou C, Li J, Zeng Y, Wu W, Liao Y, Tian Y, Chen WX. Novel compound heterozygous TARS2 variants in a Chinese family with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:217. [PMID: 33153448 PMCID: PMC7643390 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by bi-allelic deleterious variants in TARS2 is rare. To date, only two pedigrees were reported in the literature and the connection between the gene and disease needs further study. Case presentation We report one infant who presented with limb hypertonia, epilepsy, developmental delay, and increased serum lactate from a non-consanguineous Chinese family. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to help to underlie the cause. We identified compound heterozygous variants c.470C > G, p.Thr157Arg and c.2143G > A, p.Glu715Lys in TARS2 and the variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The patient was diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 according to the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database based on the clinical data and the deleterious effect of the two variants in TARS2 predicted by in silico tools. Conclusions We presented one case diagnosed with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 21 based on clinical characteristics and genetic analysis. This is the first case in China and the fourth case in the world based on our document retrieval. This study facilitates the understanding of combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency disease and demonstrates that the next-generation sequencing has a high potential to study inherited disease with high phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic heterogeneity including mitochondrial diseases such as combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Hou
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinting Liao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Tian
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9# Jin Sui Road, 510623, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
You C, Xu N, Qiu S, Li Y, Xu L, Li X, Yang L. A novel composition of two heterozygous GFM1 mutations in a Chinese child with epilepsy and mental retardation. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01791. [PMID: 32776492 PMCID: PMC7559602 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION G elongation factor mitochondrial 1 (GFM1) encodes one of the mitochondrial translation elongation factors. GFM1 variants were reported to be associated with neurological diseases and liver diseases in a few cases. Here, we present a novel composition of two heterozygous mutations of GFM1 in a boy with epilepsy, mental retardation, and other unusual phenotypes. METHODS The patient was found to be blind and experienced recurrent convulsive seizures such as nodding and hugging at the age of 3 months. After antiepileptic treatment with topiramate, he had no obvious seizures but still had mental retardation. The patient vomited frequently at 16 months old, sometimes accompanied by epileptic seizures. Hematuria metabolic screening, mutation screening of mitochondrial gene, and mitochondrial nuclear gene were negative. Then, he was analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel composition of two heterozygous mutations in GFM1, the maternal c.679G > A (has not been reported) and the paternal c.1765-1_1765-2del (previously reported). At present, there is no specific and effective treatment for the disease, and the prognosis is very poor. CONCLUSION The discovery of new phenotypes and new genotypes will further enrich the diagnosis information of the disease and provide more experiences for clinicians to quickly diagnose the disease and judge the prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping You
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shiyan Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yufen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Liyun Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Placental mitochondrial DNA mutations and copy numbers in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pregnancy. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:85-94. [PMID: 32861875 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a common and significant complication that arises during pregnancy wherein the fetus fails to attain its full growth potential. Mitochondria being one of the primary sources of energy, plays an important role in placentation and fetal development. In IUGR pregnancy, increased oxidative stress due to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply could possibly alter mitochondrial functions and homeostasis. In this study, we evaluated the biochemical and molecular changes in mitochondria as biosignature for early and better characterization of IUGR pregnancies. We identified significant increase in mtDNA copy number in both IUGR (p = 0.0001) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) but healthy (p = 0.0005) placental samples when compared to control. Whole mitochondrial genome sequencing identified novel mutations in both coding and non-coding regions of mtDNA in multiple IUGR placental samples. Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) protein expression was significantly downregulated (p = 0.027) in IUGR placenta but there was no significant difference in Nrf1 expression in IUGR when compared to control group. Our study provides an evidence for altered mitochondrial homeostasis and paves a way towards interrogating mitochondrial abnormalities in IUGR pregnancies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Idicula-Thomas S, Gawde U, Bhaye S, Pokar K, Bader GD. Meta-analysis of gene expression profiles of lean and obese PCOS to identify differentially regulated pathways and risk of comorbidities. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1735-1745. [PMID: 32695266 PMCID: PMC7352056 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex multigenic disorder and women with PCOS suffer from several comorbidities. Although, obesity is a known risk factor for PCOS, the incidence of lean women with PCOS is on the rise. A systematic and comparative study on lean and obese PCOS with respect to genes, pathways and comorbidity analysis has not been attempted so far. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across tissue types for lean and obese PCOS revealed that the majority of them were downregulated for lean and obese PCOS. Ovarian and endometrial tissues shared several commonly dysregulated genes, suggesting shared PCOS pathophysiology mechanisms exist across tissues. Several pathways for cellular homeostasis, such as inflammation and immune response, insulin signaling, steroidogenesis, hormonal and metabolic signaling, regulation of gonadotrophic hormone secretion, cell structure and signaling that are known to be affected in PCOS were found to be enriched in our gene expression analysis of lean and obese PCOS. The gene-disease network is denser for obese PCOS with a higher comorbidity score as compared to lean PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, India.,The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ulka Gawde
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Sameeksha Bhaye
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Khushal Pokar
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Gary D Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mitochondria, spermatogenesis, and male infertility - An update. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:26-40. [PMID: 32534048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of mitochondria in the eukaryotic cell is one of the most enigmatic events in the course of evolution. This important organelle was thought to be only the powerhouse of the cell, but was later learnt to perform many other indispensable functions in the cell. Two major contributions of mitochondria in spermatogenesis concern energy production and apoptosis. Apart from this, mitochondria also participate in a number of other processes affecting spermatogenesis and fertility. Mitochondria in sperm are arranged in the periphery of the tail microtubules to serve to energy demand for motility. Apart from this, the role of mitochondria in germ cell proliferation, mitotic regulation, and the elimination of germ cells by apoptosis are now well recognized. Eventually, mutations in the mitochondrial genome have been reported in male infertility, particularly in sluggish sperm (asthenozoospermia); however, heteroplasmy in the mtDNA and a complex interplay between the nucleus and mitochondria affect their penetrance. In this article, we have provided an update on the role of mitochondria in various events of spermatogenesis and male fertility and on the correlation of mitochondrial DNA mutations with male infertility.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sowton AP, Padmanabhan N, Tunster SJ, McNally BD, Murgia A, Yusuf A, Griffin JL, Murray AJ, Watson ED. Mtrr hypomorphic mutation alters liver morphology, metabolism and fuel storage in mice. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 23:100580. [PMID: 32257815 PMCID: PMC7109458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dietary folate deficiency and mutations in genes required for one‑carbon metabolism. However, the mechanism through which this occurs is unclear. To improve our understanding of this link, we investigated liver morphology, metabolism and fuel storage in adult mice with a hypomorphic mutation in the gene methionine synthase reductase (Mtrr gt ). MTRR enzyme is a key regulator of the methionine and folate cycles. The Mtrr gt mutation in mice was previously shown to disrupt one‑carbon metabolism and cause a wide-spectrum of developmental phenotypes and late adult-onset macrocytic anaemia. Here, we showed that livers of Mtrr gt/gt female mice were enlarged compared to control C57Bl/6J livers. Histological analysis of these livers revealed eosinophilic hepatocytes with decreased glycogen content, which was associated with down-regulation of genes involved in glycogen synthesis (e.g., Ugp2 and Gsk3a genes). While female Mtrr gt/gt livers showed evidence of reduced β-oxidation of fatty acids, there were no other associated changes in the lipidome in female or male Mtrr gt/gt livers compared with controls. Defects in glycogen storage and lipid metabolism often associate with disruption of mitochondrial electron transfer system activity. However, defects in mitochondrial function were not detected in Mtrr gt/gt livers as determined by high-resolution respirometry analysis. Overall, we demonstrated that adult Mtrr gt/gt female mice showed abnormal liver morphology that differed from the NAFLD phenotype and that was accompanied by subtle changes in their hepatic metabolism and fuel storage.
Collapse
Key Words
- 5-methyl-THF, 5-methyltetrahydofolate
- Agl, amylo-alpha-1,6-glucosidase,4-alpha-glucanotransferase gene
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- Bhmt, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase gene
- CE, cholesteryl-ester
- Cebpa, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha gene
- Cer, ceramide
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- Ddit3, DNA damage inducible transcript 3 gene
- ETS, electron transport system
- FCCP, p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazine
- FFA, free fatty acid
- G6pc, glucose 6-phophastase gene
- Gbe1, glycogen branching enzyme 1 gene
- Glycogen
- Gsk3, glycogen synthase kinase gene
- Gyg, glycogenin gene
- Gys2, glycogen synthase 2 gene
- HOAD, 3-hydoxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- Hepatic fuel storage
- Isca1, iron‑sulfur cluster assembly 1 gene
- JO2, oxygen flux
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- Lipidomics
- Liver metabolism
- Mitochondrial function
- Mthfr, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene
- Mtr, methionine synthase gene (also MS)
- Mtrr, methionine synthase reductase gene (also MSR)
- Myc, myelocytomatosis oncogene
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Ndufs, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit (ETS complex I) gene
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- One‑carbon metabolism
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PAS, periodic acid Schiff
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG, phosphatidylglycerol
- PI, phosphatidylinositol
- PIP, phosphatidylinositol phosphate(s)
- PL, phospholipid
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- RIPA, Radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- SAH, S-adenosylhomocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosylmethionine
- SM, sphingomyelin
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- Ugp2, UDP-glucose pyrophophorylase 2 gene
- gt, gene-trap
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice P. Sowton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Nisha Padmanabhan
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Simon J. Tunster
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ben D. McNally
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Antonio Murgia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Aisha Yusuf
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Erica D. Watson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pozzi A, Dowling DK. The Genomic Origins of Small Mitochondrial RNAs: Are They Transcribed by the Mitochondrial DNA or by Mitochondrial Pseudogenes within the Nucleus (NUMTs)? Genome Biol Evol 2020; 11:1883-1896. [PMID: 31218347 PMCID: PMC6619488 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have linked mitochondrial genetic variation to phenotypic modifications; albeit the identity of the mitochondrial polymorphisms involved remains elusive. The search for these polymorphisms led to the discovery of small noncoding RNAs, which appear to be transcribed by the mitochondrial DNA ("small mitochondrial RNAs"). This contention is, however, controversial because the nuclear genome of most animals harbors mitochondrial pseudogenes (NUMTs) of identical sequence to regions of mtDNA, which could alternatively represent the source of these RNAs. To discern the likely contributions of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome to transcribing these small mitochondrial RNAs, we leverage data from six vertebrate species exhibiting markedly different levels of NUMT sequence. We explore whether abundances of small mitochondrial RNAs are associated with levels of NUMT sequence across species, or differences in tissue-specific mtDNA content within species. Evidence for the former would support the hypothesis these RNAs are primarily transcribed by NUMT sequence, whereas evidence for the latter would provide strong evidence for the counter hypothesis that these RNAs are transcribed directly by the mtDNA. No association exists between the abundance of small mitochondrial RNAs and NUMT levels across species. Moreover, a sizable proportion of transcripts map exclusively to the mtDNA sequence, even in species with highest NUMT levels. Conversely, tissue-specific abundances of small mitochondrial RNAs are strongly associated with the mtDNA content. These results support the hypothesis that small mitochondrial RNAs are primarily transcribed by the mitochondrial genome and that this capacity is conserved across Amniota and, most likely, across most metazoan lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pozzi
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Damian K Dowling
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mitochondrial dysfunctions in leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224173. [PMID: 31671122 PMCID: PMC6822708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several inherited human diseases have been linked to mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mtARSs). Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is a leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the DARS2 gene which encodes mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. As mitochondrial ARSs are key components of the mitochondrial translation apparatus, we investigated the effects of DARS2 mutations on mitochondrial functions and mitochondrial morphology in an LBSL patient. In fibroblasts from the patient with LBSL, biosynthesis of respiratory chain complex proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA was decreased, while those encoded by nuclear DNA were not. Cellular oxygen consumption rates and respiratory control ratio were decreased in the LBSL patient; in addition, fragmentation of mitochondria was increased, while their tubular elongation and interconnectivity were decreased. Taken together, these findings suggest that DARS2 mutations impair translations of mitochondrial DNA-encoded respiratory chain complex proteins, consequently causing dysfunction of cellular respiration and impediment of mitochondrial dynamics, which highlights the role of mtARSs in the maintenance of normal mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics.
Collapse
|
29
|
McMackin MZ, Durbin-Johnson B, Napierala M, Napierala JS, Ruiz L, Napoli E, Perlman S, Giulivi C, Cortopassi GA. Potential biomarker identification for Friedreich's ataxia using overlapping gene expression patterns in patient cells and mouse dorsal root ganglion. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223209. [PMID: 31665133 PMCID: PMC6821053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is a neurodegenerative disease with no approved therapy that is the result of frataxin deficiency. The identification of human FA blood biomarkers related to disease severity and neuro-pathomechanism could support clinical trials of drug efficacy. To try to identify human biomarkers of neuro-pathomechanistic relevance, we compared the overlapping gene expression changes of primary blood and skin cells of FA patients with changes in the Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) of the KIKO FA mouse model. As DRG is the primary site of neurodegeneration in FA, our goal was to identify which changes in blood and skin of FA patients provide a 'window' into the FA neuropathomechanism inside the nervous system. In addition, gene expression in frataxin-deficient neuroglial cells and FA mouse hearts were compared for a total of 5 data sets. The overlap of these changes strongly supports mitochondrial changes, apoptosis and alterations of selenium metabolism. Consistent biomarkers were observed, including three genes of mitochondrial stress (MTIF2, ENO2), apoptosis (DDIT3/CHOP), oxidative stress (PREX1), and selenometabolism (SEPW1). These results prompted our investigation of the GPX1 activity as a marker of selenium and oxidative stress, in which we observed a significant change in FA patients. We believe these lead biomarkers that could be assayed in FA patient blood as indicators of disease severity and progression, and also support the involvement of mitochondria, apoptosis and selenium in the neurodegenerative process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Z. McMackin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Bioinformatics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Marek Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jill S. Napierala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Luis Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Gino A. Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tahmasebi S, Khoutorsky A, Mathews MB, Sonenberg N. Translation deregulation in human disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 19:791-807. [PMID: 30038383 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in sequencing and high-throughput techniques have provided an unprecedented opportunity to interrogate human diseases on a genome-wide scale. The list of disease-causing mutations is expanding rapidly, and mutations affecting mRNA translation are no exception. Translation (protein synthesis) is one of the most complex processes in the cell. The orchestrated action of ribosomes, tRNAs and numerous translation factors decodes the information contained in mRNA into a polypeptide chain. The intricate nature of this process renders it susceptible to deregulation at multiple levels. In this Review, we summarize current evidence of translation deregulation in human diseases other than cancer. We discuss translation-related diseases on the basis of the molecular aberration that underpins their pathogenesis (including tRNA dysfunction, ribosomopathies, deregulation of the integrated stress response and deregulation of the mTOR pathway) and describe how deregulation of translation generates the phenotypic variability observed in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Tahmasebi
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia and Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael B Mathews
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dong Z, Abbas MN, Kausar S, Yang J, Li L, Tan L, Cui H. Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Tigecycline in the Treatment of Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143577. [PMID: 31336613 PMCID: PMC6678986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As an FDA-approved drug, glycylcycline tigecycline has been used to treat complicated microbial infections. However, recent studies in multiple hematologic and malignant solid tumors reveal that tigecycline treatment induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress. In addition, tigecycline also inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. Importantly, combinations of tigecycline with chemotherapeutic or targeted drugs such as venetoclax, doxorubicin, vincristine, paclitaxel, cisplatin, and imatinib, have shown to be promising strategies for cancer treatment. Mechanism of action studies reveal that tigecycline leads to the inhibition of mitochondrial translation possibly through interacting with mitochondrial ribosome. Meanwhile, this drug also interferes with several other cell pathways/targets including MYC, HIFs, PI3K/AKT or AMPK-mediated mTOR, cytoplasmic p21 CIP1/Waf1, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These evidences indicate that antibiotic tigecycline is a promising drug for cancer treatment alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs. This review summarizes the biological function of tigecycline in the treatment of tumors and comprehensively discusses its mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jackson CB, Huemer M, Bolognini R, Martin F, Szinnai G, Donner BC, Richter U, Battersby BJ, Nuoffer JM, Suomalainen A, Schaller A. A variant in MRPS14 (uS14m) causes perinatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with neonatal lactic acidosis, growth retardation, dysmorphic features and neurological involvement. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:639-649. [PMID: 30358850 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of mitochondrial translation is an increasingly important molecular cause of human disease, but structural defects of mitochondrial ribosomal subunits are rare. We used next-generation sequencing to identify a homozygous variant in the mitochondrial small ribosomal protein 14 (MRPS14, uS14m) in a patient manifesting with perinatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, growth retardation, muscle hypotonia, elevated lactate, dysmorphy and mental retardation. In skeletal muscle and fibroblasts from the patient, there was biochemical deficiency in complex IV of the respiratory chain. In fibroblasts, mitochondrial translation was impaired, and ectopic expression of a wild-type MRPS14 cDNA functionally complemented this defect. Surprisingly, the mutant uS14m was stable and did not affect assembly of the small ribosomal subunit. Instead, structural modeling of the uS14m mutation predicted a disruption to the ribosomal mRNA channel.Collectively, our data demonstrate pathogenic mutations in MRPS14 can manifest as a perinatal-onset mitochondrial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a novel molecular pathogenic mechanism that impairs the function of mitochondrial ribosomes during translation elongation or mitochondrial mRNA recruitment rather than assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Jackson
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN, Finland
| | - Martina Huemer
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich CH, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramona Bolognini
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern CH, Switzerland
| | - Franck Martin
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Université de Strasbourg, UPR 9002, Strasbourg F, France
| | - Gabor Szinnai
- University Children's Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel CH, Switzerland
| | - Birgit C Donner
- Division of Cardiology, University of Basel, Basel CH, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Richter
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN, Finland
| | | | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern CH, Switzerland.,Division of Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, University of Bern, Bern CH, Switzerland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN, Finland
| | - André Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern CH, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chu G, Salzman J. Hyperammonemia after capecitabine associated with occult impairment of the urea cycle. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1996-2004. [PMID: 30977266 PMCID: PMC6536928 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy often complain of “chemobrain” or cognitive impairment, but mechanisms remain elusive. Methods A patient with gastric cancer developed delirium and hyperammonemia after chemotherapy with the 5‐fluorouracil pro‐drug capecitabine. Exome sequencing facilitated a search for mutations among 43 genes associated with hyperammonemia and affecting the urea cycle directly or indirectly. Results The patient's urea cycle was impaired by capecitabine‐induced liver steatosis, and portosystemic shunting of gut ammonia into the systemic circulation. The patient was also heterozygous for amino acid substitution mutations previously reported to create dysfunctional proteins in 2 genes, ORNT2 (ornithine transporter‐2 for the urea cycle), and ETFA (electron transport flavoprotein alpha for fatty acid oxidation). The mutations explained the patient's abnormal plasma amino acid profile and exaggerated response to allopurinol challenge. Global population variations among the 43 hyperammonemia genes were assessed for inactivating mutations, and for amino acid substitutions predicted to be deleterious by complementary algorithms, SIFT and PolyPhen‐2. One or 2 deleterious mutations occur among the 43 genes in 13.9% and 1% of individuals, respectively. Conclusions Capecitabine and 5‐fluorouracil inhibit pyrimidine biosynthesis, decreasing ammonia utilization. These drugs can induce hyperammonemia in susceptible individuals. The risk factors of hyperammonemia, gene mutations and liver dysfunction, are not rare. Diagnosis will trigger appropriate treatment and ameliorate brain toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Chu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Julia Salzman
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mitochondrial mRNA translation initiation contributes to oxidative metabolism in the myocardia of aged, obese mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 121:62-70. [PMID: 30928679 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Being both advanced in age and obese each contribute to cardiac hypertrophy in a unique manner. Electron transport complexes I and IV are implicated in deficient electron transport during cardiomyopathies and contain the majority of protein subunits that are transcribed and translated by machinery localized within the mitochondria. PURPOSE To assess myocardial mt-mRNA translation factors in relation to mitochondrial content and mtDNA-encoded protein using a mouse model of aged obesity and to test the relationship of mt-mRNA translation initiation factor 2 (mtIF2) to oxidative capacity and the cellular oxidation-reduction (redox) state in cardiomyocytes. METHODS Male C56BL/6 J mice fed lean or high fat diet were aged to either ~3 months or ~22 months, the heart was excised and analyzed using immunoblot and qPCR to assess differences in mitochondrial mRNA translation machinery. Using H9c2 cardiomyocytes, mtIF2 was knocked-down and oxidative metabolic characteristics assessed including oxidation/reduction state, bioenergetic flux, and hypoxic resistance was tested. RESULTS Aged, obese mouse hearts were ~40% larger than young, lean controls and contained ~50% less mtIF2 protein alongside ~25-50% lower content of Cytb, a protein encoded by mtDNA. Reducing the level of mtIF2 by shRNA is associated with ~15-20% lower content of OXPHOS complex I and IV, ~30% lower optical redox ratio, ~40% oxygen reserve capacity, and ~20% less cell survival following hypoxia. CONCLUSION We present evidence of altered mt-mRNA translation during cardiac hypertrophy in aged obesity. We build on these results by demonstrating the necessity of mtIF2 in maintaining oxidative characteristics of cardiac muscle cells.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ogunbona OB, Claypool SM. Emerging Roles in the Biogenesis of Cytochrome c Oxidase for Members of the Mitochondrial Carrier Family. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:3. [PMID: 30766870 PMCID: PMC6365663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) is a group of transport proteins that are mostly localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane where they facilitate the movement of various solutes across the membrane. Although these carriers represent potential targets for therapeutic application and are repeatedly associated with human disease, research on the MCF has not progressed commensurate to their physiologic and pathophysiologic importance. Many of the 53 MCF members in humans are orphans and lack known transport substrates. Even for the relatively well-studied members of this family, such as the ADP/ATP carrier and the uncoupling protein, there exist fundamental gaps in our understanding of their biological roles including a clear rationale for the existence of multiple isoforms. Here, we briefly review this important family of mitochondrial carriers, provide a few salient examples of their diverse metabolic roles and disease associations, and then focus on an emerging link between several distinct MCF members, including the ADP/ATP carrier, and cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis. As the ADP/ATP carrier is regarded as the paradigm of the entire MCF, its newly established role in regulating translation of the mitochondrial genome highlights that we still have a lot to learn about these metabolite transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun B. Ogunbona
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Steven M. Claypool
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li K, Jin R, Wu X. Whole-exome sequencing identifies rare compound heterozygous mutations in the MSTO1 gene associated with cerebellar ataxia and myopathy. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103623. [PMID: 30684668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human MSTO1 is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial distribution and morphology and its unregulated expression leads to mitochondrial disorder. Despite its significance for mitochondrial functions, human MSTO1 gene is rarely studied before 2017. As of late, MSTO1 mutations have been reported to cause clinical manifestations such as myopathy, cerebellar atrophy and ataxia, motor developmental delay, and pigmentary retinopathy. Here we have performed a whole-exome sequencing in a family which includes two brothers showing cerebellar atrophy and ataxia, intellectual disability, and myopathy. As a result, two mutations were identified. One of these mutations has been identified as a missense mutation, c.836G > A; p. (Arg279His) and a novel frameshift variant, c.1259delG; p. (Gly420ValfsTer2). So, the two brothers both had compound heterozygous mutations with a combination of protein-truncation mutation and missense mutation. These findings suggested an association of MSTO1 mutations with the early onset of symptoms and revealed the genotype-phenotype correlation between different mutation cases. In this case, the two brothers both have pes planus which is not reported in other cases. This might suggest that the novel mutation is responsible for dysmorphia. Thus, the recessive and novel MSTO1 mutations enriches genetic information on the pathogenicity of MSTO1 in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
García-Cazorla À, Saudubray JM. Cellular neurometabolism: a tentative to connect cell biology and metabolism in neurology. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1043-1054. [PMID: 30014209 PMCID: PMC6326994 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are particularly prevalent as diseases of the nervous system and that a broader, more inclusive definition of IEM is necessary. In fact, as long as biochemistry is involved, any kind of monogenic disease can become an IEM. This new, extended definition includes new categories and mechanisms, and as a general trend will go beyond a single biochemical pathway and/or organelle, and will appear as a connection of multiple crossroads in a system biology approach.From one side, a simplified and updated classification of IEM is presented that mixes elements from the diagnostic approach with pathophysiological considerations into three large categories based on the size of molecules ("small and simple" or "large and complex") and their implication in energy metabolism. But from another side, whatever their size, metabolites involved in IEM may behave in the brain as signalling molecules, structural components and fuels, and many metabolites have more than one role. Neurometabolism is becoming more relevant, not only in relation to these new categories of diseases but also as a necessary way to explain the mechanisms of brain damage in classically defined categories of IEM. Brain metabolism, which has been largely disregarded in the traditional approach to investigating and treating neurological diseases, is a major clue and probably the next imminent "revolution" in neurology and neuroscience. Biochemistry (metabolism) and cell neurobiology need to meet. Additionally, the brain should be studied as a system (connecting different levels of complexity).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Àngels García-Cazorla
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab (Department of Neurology), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Marie Saudubray
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Hopital Pitié Salpétrière, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hopital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Advancing genomic approaches to the molecular diagnosis of mitochondrial disease. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:399-408. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases present a diagnostic challenge due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Achieving comprehensive molecular diagnosis via a conventional candidate-gene approach is likely, therefore, to be labour- and cost-intensive given the expanding number of mitochondrial disease genes. The advent of whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) hold the potential of higher diagnostic yields due to the universality and unbiased nature of the methods. However, these approaches are subject to the escalating challenge of variant interpretation. Thus, integration of functional ‘multi-omics’ data, such as transcriptomics, is emerging as a powerful complementary tool in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease patients for whom extensive prior analysis of DNA sequencing has failed to return a genetic diagnosis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Huang G, Massoudi D, Muir AM, Joshi DC, Zhang CL, Chiu SY, Greenspan DS. WBSCR16 Is a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Important for Mitochondrial Fusion. Cell Rep 2018; 20:923-934. [PMID: 28746876 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated inter-mitochondrial fusion/fission is essential for maintaining optimal mitochondrial respiration and control of apoptosis and autophagy. In mammals, mitochondrial fusion is controlled by outer membrane GTPases MFN1 and MFN2 and by inner membrane (IM) GTPase OPA1. Disordered mitochondrial fusion/fission contributes to various pathologies, and MFN2 or OPA1 mutations underlie neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show that the WBSCR16 protein is primarily associated with the outer face of the inner mitochondrial membrane and is important for mitochondrial fusion. We provide evidence of a WBSCR16/OPA1 physical interaction in the intact cell and of a WBSCR16 function as an OPA1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). Homozygosity for a Wbscr16 mutation causes early embryonic lethality, whereas neurons of mice heterozygous for the mutation have mitochondria with reduced membrane potential and increased susceptibility to fragmentation upon exposure to stress, suggesting roles for WBSCR16 deficits in neuronal pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Huang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dawiyat Massoudi
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Alison M Muir
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dinesh C Joshi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Chuan-Li Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Shing Yan Chiu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bacalhau M, Simões M, Rocha MC, Hardy SA, Vincent AE, Durães J, Macário MC, Santos MJ, Rebelo O, Lopes C, Pratas J, Mendes C, Zuzarte M, Rego AC, Girão H, Wong LJC, Taylor RW, Grazina M. Disclosing the functional changes of two genetic alterations in a patient with Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia: Report of the novel mtDNA m.7486G>A variant. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:350-360. [PMID: 29398297 PMCID: PMC5952895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is characterized by ptosis and ophthalmoplegia and is usually caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions or mt-tRNA mutations. The aim of the present work was to clarify the genetic defect in a patient presenting with CPEO and elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism. This 62-year-old female first developed ptosis of the right eye at the age of 12 and subsequently the left eye at 45 years, and was found to have external ophthalmoplegia at the age of 55 years. Histopathological abnormalities were detected in the patient's muscle, including ragged-red fibres, a mosaic pattern of COX-deficient muscle fibres and combined deficiency of respiratory chain complexes I and IV. Genetic investigation revealed the "common deletion" in the patient's muscle and fibroblasts. Moreover, a novel, heteroplasmic mt-tRNASer(UCN) variant (m.7486G>A) in the anticodon loop was detected in muscle homogenate (50%), fibroblasts (11%) and blood (4%). Single-fibre analysis showed segregation with COX-deficient fibres for both genetic alterations. Assembly defects of mtDNA-encoded complexes were demonstrated in fibroblasts. Functional analyses showed significant bioenergetic dysfunction, reduction in respiration rate and ATP production and mitochondrial depolarization. Multilamellar bodies were detected by electron microscopy, suggesting disturbance in autophagy. In conclusion, we report a CPEO patient with two possible genetic origins, both segregating with biochemical and histochemical defect. The "common mtDNA deletion" is the most likely cause, yet the potential pathogenic effect of a novel mt-tRNASer(UCN) variant cannot be fully excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Bacalhau
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Simões
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana C Rocha
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Steven A Hardy
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - João Durães
- CHUC - Neurology Department of Coimbra University Hospitals, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria C Macário
- CHUC - Neurology Department of Coimbra University Hospitals, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Santos
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olinda Rebelo
- CHUC - Neurology Department of Coimbra University Hospitals, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Lopes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pratas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cândida Mendes
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Cristina Rego
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IBILI - Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lee-Jun C Wong
- Mitochondrial Diagnostic Laboratory, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Manuela Grazina
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhu P, Liu Y, Zhang F, Bai X, Chen Z, Shangguan F, Zhang B, Zhang L, Chen Q, Xie D, Lan L, Xue X, Liang XJ, Lu B, Wei T, Qin Y. Human Elongation Factor 4 Regulates Cancer Bioenergetics by Acting as a Mitochondrial Translation Switch. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2813-2824. [PMID: 29572227 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate cellular bioenergetics and redox states and influence multiple signaling pathways required for tumorigenesis. In this study, we determined that the mitochondrial translation elongation factor 4 (EF4) is a critical component of tumor progression. EF4 was ubiquitous in human tissues with localization to the mitochondria (mtEF4) and performed quality control on respiratory chain biogenesis. Knockout of mtEF4 induced respiratory chain complex defects and apoptosis, while its overexpression stimulated cancer development. In multiple cancers, expression of mtEF4 was increased in patient tumor tissues. These findings reveal that mtEF4 expression may promote tumorigenesis via an imbalance in the regulation of mitochondrial activities and subsequent variation of cellular redox. Thus, dysregulated mitochondrial translation may play a vital role in the etiology and development of diverse human cancers.Significance: Dysregulated mitochondrial translation drives tumor development and progression. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2813-24. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhang Liu
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zilei Chen
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fugen Shangguan
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Deyao Xie
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linhua Lan
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Xue
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Controllable Nanopharmaceuticals, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Zhongguancun, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Attardi Institute of Mitochondrial Biomedicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Taotao Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bond AR, Iacobazzi D, Abdul-Ghani S, Ghorbel MT, Heesom KJ, George SJ, Caputo M, Suleiman MS, Tulloh RM. The cardiac proteome in patients with congenital ventricular septal defect: A comparative study between right atria and right ventricles. J Proteomics 2018; 191:107-113. [PMID: 29572163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricle (RV) remodelling occurs in neonatal patients born with ventricular septal defect (VSD). The presence of a defect between the two ventricles allows for shunting of blood from the left to right side. The resulting RV hypertrophy leads to molecular remodelling which has thus far been largely investigated using right atrial (RA) tissue. In this study we used proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis in order to determine any difference between the proteomes for RA and RV. Samples were therefore taken from the RA and RV of five infants (0.34 ± 0.05 years, mean ± SEM) with VSD who were undergoing cardiac surgery to repair the defect. Significant differences in protein expression between RV and RA were seen. 150 protein accession numbers were identified which were significantly lower in the atria, whereas none were significantly higher in the atria compared to the ventricle. 19 phosphorylation sites (representing 19 phosphoproteins) were also lower in RA. This work has identified differences in the proteome between RA and RV which reflect differences in contractile activity and metabolism. As such, caution should be used when drawing conclusions based on analysis of the RA and extrapolating to the hypertrophied RV. SIGNIFICANCE: RV hypertrophy occurs in neonatal patients born with VSD. Very little is known about how the atria responds to RV hypertrophy, especially at the protein level. Access to tissue from age-matched groups of patients is very rare, and we are in the unique position of being able to get tissue from both the atria and ventricle during reparative surgery of these infants. Our findings will be beneficial to future research into heart chamber malformations in congenital heart defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Bond
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - D Iacobazzi
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - S Abdul-Ghani
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - M T Ghorbel
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - K J Heesom
- Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - S J George
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - M Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom; Department of Congenital Heart Disease, King David Building, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
| | - M-S Suleiman
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom
| | - R M Tulloh
- Bristol Heart Institute, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom; Department of Congenital Heart Disease, King David Building, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu J, Li Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Zou M, Su R, Huang Y. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mtf2 is required for mitochondrial cox1 gene expression. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:400-409. [PMID: 29458562 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial gene expression is essential for adenosine triphosphate synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation, which is the universal energy currency of cells. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mtf2 (also called Nam1) in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The Δmtf2 mutant with the intron-containing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exhibited impaired growth on a rich medium containing the non-fermentable carbon source glycerol, suggesting that mtf2 is involved in mitochondrial function. mtf2 deletion in a mitochondrial intron-containing background resulted in a barely detectable level of the cox1 mRNA and a reduction in the level of the cob1 mRNA, and severely impaired cox1 translation. In contrast, mtf2 deletion in a mitochondrial intron-less background did not affect the levels of cox1 and cob1 mRNAs. However, Cox1 synthesis could not be restored to the control level in the Δmtf2 mutant with intron-less mtDNA. Our results suggest that unlike its counterpart in S. cerevisiae which plays a general role in synthesis of mtDNA-encoded proteins, S. pombe Mtf2 primarily functions in cox1 translation and the effect of mtf2 deletion on splicing of introns in mtDNA is likely due to a deficiency in the synthesis of intron-encoded maturases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengting Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ruyue Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hameed MW, Juszczak I, Bock R, van Dongen JT. Comparison of mitochondrial gene expression and polysome loading in different tobacco tissues. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:112. [PMID: 29255478 PMCID: PMC5729415 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate translational regulation of gene expression in plant mitochondria, a mitochondrial polysome isolation protocol was established for tobacco to investigate polysomal mRNA loading as a proxy for translational activity. Furthermore, we developed an oligonucleotide based microarray platform to determine the level of Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial mRNA. RESULTS Microarray analysis of free and polysomal mRNAs was used to characterize differences in the levels of free transcripts and ribosome-bound mRNAs in various organs of tobacco plants. We have observed higher mitochondrial transcript levels in young leaves, flowers and floral buds as compared to fully expanded leaves and roots. A similar pattern of abundance was observed for ribosome-bound mitochondrial mRNAs in these tissues. However, the accumulation of the mitochondrial protein COX2 was found to be inversely related to that of its ribosome-bound mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the association of mitochondrial mRNAs to ribosomes is largely determined by the total transcript level of a gene. However, at least for Cox2, we demonstrated that the level of ribosome-bound mRNA is not reflected by the amount of COX2 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqar Hameed
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270 Pakistan
| | - Ilona Juszczak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Molecular Physiology, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joost Thomas van Dongen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Institute of Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li X, Xiong X, Zhang M, Wang K, Chen Y, Zhou J, Mao Y, Lv J, Yi D, Chen XW, Wang C, Qian SB, Yi C. Base-Resolution Mapping Reveals Distinct m 1A Methylome in Nuclear- and Mitochondrial-Encoded Transcripts. Mol Cell 2017; 68:993-1005.e9. [PMID: 29107537 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression can be post-transcriptionally regulated via dynamic and reversible RNA modifications. N1-methyladenosine (m1A) is a recently identified mRNA modification; however, little is known about its precise location and biogenesis. Here, we develop a base-resolution m1A profiling method, based on m1A-induced misincorporation during reverse transcription, and report distinct classes of m1A methylome in the human transcriptome. m1A in 5' UTR, particularly those at the mRNA cap, associate with increased translation efficiency. A different, small subset of m1A exhibit a GUUCRA tRNA-like motif, are evenly distributed in the transcriptome, and are dependent on the methyltransferase TRMT6/61A. Additionally, we show that m1A is prevalent in the mitochondrial-encoded transcripts. Manipulation of m1A level via TRMT61B, a mitochondria-localizing m1A methyltransferase, demonstrates that m1A in mitochondrial mRNA interferes with translation. Collectively, our approaches reveal distinct classes of m1A methylome and provide a resource for functional studies of m1A-mediated epitranscriptomic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xushen Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yuanhui Mao
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jia Lv
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Danyang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu-Bing Qian
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chengqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Protective Mechanisms of the Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Humanin in Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in RPE Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1675230. [PMID: 28814984 PMCID: PMC5549471 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1675230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe and irreversible vision loss and is characterized by progressive degeneration of the retina resulting in loss of central vision. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a critical site of pathology of AMD. Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum which lie in close anatomic proximity to each other are targets of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, respectively, and contribute to the progression of AMD. The two organelles exhibit close interactive function via various signaling mechanisms. Evidence for ER-mitochondrial crosstalk in RPE under ER stress and signaling pathways of apoptotic cell death is presented. The role of humanin (HN), a prominent member of a newly discovered family of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) expressed from an open reading frame of mitochondrial 16S rRNA, in modulation of ER and oxidative stress in RPE is discussed. HN protected RPE cells from oxidative and ER stress-induced cell death by upregulation of mitochondrial GSH, inhibition of ROS generation, and caspase 3 and 4 activation. The underlying mechanisms of ER-mitochondrial crosstalk and modulation by exogenous HN are discussed. The therapeutic use of HN and related MDPs could potentially prove to be a valuable approach for treatment of AMD.
Collapse
|
47
|
Martos-Sitcha JA, Bermejo-Nogales A, Calduch-Giner JA, Pérez-Sánchez J. Gene expression profiling of whole blood cells supports a more efficient mitochondrial respiration in hypoxia-challenged gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Front Zool 2017; 14:34. [PMID: 28694839 PMCID: PMC5501551 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-017-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acclimation to abiotic challenges, including decreases in O2 availability, requires physiological and anatomical phenotyping to accommodate the organism to the environmental conditions. The retention of a nucleus and functional mitochondria in mature fish red blood cells makes blood a promising tissue to analyse the transcriptome and metabolic responses of hypoxia-challenged fish in an integrative and non-invasive manner. METHODS Juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were reared at 20-21 °C under normoxic conditions (> 85% O2 saturation) followed by exposure to a gradual decrease in water O2 concentration to 3.0 ppm (41-42% O2 saturation) for 24 h or 1.3 ppm (18-19% O2 saturation) for up to 4 h. Blood samples were collected at three different sampling points for haematological, biochemical and transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS Blood physiological hallmarks remained almost unaltered at 3.0 ppm, but the haematocrit and circulating levels of haemoglobin, glucose and lactate were consistently increased when fish were maintained below the limiting oxygen saturation at 1.3 ppm. These findings were concurrent with an increase in total plasma antioxidant activity and plasma cortisol levels, whereas the opposite trend was observed for growth-promoting factors, such as insulin-like growth factor I. Additionally, gene expression profiling of whole blood cells revealed changes in upstream master regulators of mitochondria (pgcβ and nrf1), antioxidant enzymes (gpx1, gst3, and sod2), outer and inner membrane translocases (tom70, tom22, tim44, tim10, and tim9), components of the mitochondrial dynamics system (mfn2, miffb, miro1a, and miro2), apoptotic factors (aifm1), uncoupling proteins (ucp2) and oxidative enzymes of fatty acid β-oxidation (acca2, ech, and hadh), the tricarboxylic acid cycle (cs) and the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The overall response is an extensive reduction in gene expression of almost all respiratory chain enzyme subunits of the five complexes, although mitochondrial-encoded catalytic subunits and nuclear-encoded regulatory subunits of Complex IV were primarily increased in hypoxic fish. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the re-adjustment of mitochondrial machinery at transcriptional level to cope with a decreased basal metabolic rate, consistent with a low risk of oxidative stress, diminished aerobic ATP production and higher O2-carrying capacity. Taken together, these results suggest that whole blood cells can be used as a highly informative target tissue of metabolic condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, E-12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Azucena Bermejo-Nogales
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, E-12595 Castellón, Spain
- Present address: Endocrine Disruption and Toxicity of Contaminants, Department of Environment, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, E-12595 Castellón, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, E-12595 Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mitsopoulos P, Lapohos O, Weraarpachai W, Antonicka H, Chang YH, Madrenas J. Stomatin-like protein 2 deficiency results in impaired mitochondrial translation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179967. [PMID: 28654702 PMCID: PMC5487072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria translate the RNAs for 13 core polypeptides of respiratory chain and ATP synthase complexes that are essential for the assembly and function of these complexes. This process occurs in close proximity to the mitochondrial inner membrane. However, the mechanisms and molecular machinery involved in mitochondrial translation are not fully understood, and defects in this process can result in severe diseases. Stomatin-like protein (SLP)-2 is a mainly mitochondrial protein that forms cardiolipin- and prohibitin-enriched microdomains in the mitochondrial inner membrane that are important for the formation of respiratory supercomplexes and their function. Given this regulatory role of SLP-2 in processes closely associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane, we hypothesized that the function of SLP-2 would have an impact on mitochondrial translation. 35S-Methionine/cysteine pulse labeling of resting or activated T cells from T cell-specific Slp-2 knockout mice showed a significant impairment in the production of several mitochondrial DNA-encoded polypeptides following T cell activation, including Cytb, COXI, COXII, COXIII, and ATP6. Measurement of mitochondrial DNA stability and mitochondrial transcription revealed that this impairment was at the post-transcriptional level. Examination of mitochondrial ribosome assembly showed that SLP-2 migrated in sucrose-density gradients similarly to the large ribosomal subunit but that its deletion at the genetic level did not affect mitochondrial ribosome assembly. Functionally, the impairment in mitochondrial translation correlated with decreased interleukin-2 production in activated T cells. Altogether, these data show that SLP-2 acts as a general regulator of mitochondrial translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mitsopoulos
- Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Orsolya Lapohos
- Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Woranontee Weraarpachai
- Department of Human Genetics and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hana Antonicka
- Department of Human Genetics and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Joaquín Madrenas
- Microbiome and Disease Tolerance Centre, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The present study aimed to discuss the role of mitochondrion in cardiac function and disease. The mitochondrion plays a fundamental role in cellular processes ranging from metabolism to apoptosis. The mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging could potentially illustrate changes in global and regional cardiac dysfunction. The collective changes that occur in mitochondrial-targeted molecular imaging probes have been widely explored and developed. As probes currently used in the preclinical setting still have a lot of shortcomings, the development of myocardial metabolic activity, viability, perfusion, and blood flow molecular imaging probes holds great potential for accurately evaluating the myocardial viability and functional reserve. The advantages of molecular imaging provide a perspective on investigating the mitochondrial function of the myocardium in vivo noninvasively and quantitatively. The molecular imaging tracers of single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography could give more detailed information on myocardial metabolism and restoration. In this study, series mitochondrial-targeted 99mTc-, 123I-, and 18F-labeled tracers displayed broad applications because they could provide a direct link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac disease.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In the last years, metabolic reprogramming, fluctuations in bioenergetic fuels, and modulation of oxidative stress became new key hallmarks of tumor development. In cancer, elevated glucose uptake and high glycolytic rate, as a source of adenosine triphosphate, constitute a growth advantage for tumors. This represents the universally known Warburg effect, which gave rise to one major clinical application for detecting cancer cells using glucose analogs: the positron emission tomography scan imaging. Recent Advances: Glucose utilization and carbon sources in tumors are much more heterogeneous than initially thought. Indeed, new studies emerged and revealed a dual capacity of tumor cells for glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism. OXPHOS metabolism, which relies predominantly on mitochondrial respiration, exhibits fine-tuned regulation of respiratory chain complexes and enhanced antioxidant response or detoxification capacity. CRITICAL ISSUES OXPHOS-dependent cancer cells use alternative oxidizable substrates, such as glutamine and fatty acids. The diversity of carbon substrates fueling neoplastic cells is indicative of metabolic heterogeneity, even within tumors sharing the same clinical diagnosis. Metabolic switch supports cancer cell stemness and their bioenergy-consuming functions, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. Moreover, reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial metabolism and nutrient availability are important for interaction with tumor microenvironment components. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and immune cells participate in the metabolic interplay with neoplastic cells. They collectively adapt in a dynamic manner to the metabolic needs of cancer cells, thus participating in tumorigenesis and resistance to treatments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Characterizing the reciprocal metabolic interplay between stromal, immune, and neoplastic cells will provide a better understanding of treatment resistance. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 462-485.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Gentric
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mieulet
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- 1 Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Équipe Labelisée LNCC, Institut Curie , Paris, France .,2 Inserm , U830, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|