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Magacz M, Alatorre-Santamaría S, Kędziora K, Klasa K, Mamica P, Pepasińska W, Lebiecka M, Kościelniak D, Pamuła E, Krzyściak W. Modified Lactoperoxidase System as a Promising Anticaries Agent: In Vitro Studies on Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12136. [PMID: 37569513 PMCID: PMC10418824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactoperoxidase (LPO) system shows promise in the prevention of dental caries, a common chronic disease. This system has antimicrobial properties and is part of the non-specific antimicrobial immune system. Understanding the efficacy of the LPO system in the fight against biofilms could provide information on alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of caries. In this study, the enzymatic system was modified using four different (pseudo)halide substrates (thiocyanate, thiocyanate-iodide mixture, selenocyanate, and iodide). The study evaluated the metabolic effects of applying such modifications to Streptococcus mutans; in particular: (1) biofilm formation, (2) synthesis of insoluble polysaccharides, (3) lactate synthesis, (4) glucose and sucrose consumption, (5) intracellular NAD+ and NADH concentrations, and (6) transmembrane glucose transport efficiency (PTS activity). The results showed that the LPO-iodide system had the strongest inhibitory effect on biofilm growth and lactate synthesis (complete inhibition). This was associated with an increase in the NAD+/NADH ratio and an inhibition of glucose PTS activity. The LPO-selenocyanate system showed a moderate inhibitory effect on biofilm biomass growth and lactate synthesis. The other systems showed relatively small inhibition of lactate synthesis and glucose PTS but no effect on the growth of biofilm biomass. This study provides a basis for further research on the use of alternative substrates with the LPO system, particularly the LPO-iodide system, in the prevention and control of biofilm-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magacz
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (P.M.); (W.P.); (M.L.)
- Doctoral School of Health and Medical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 16, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sergio Alatorre-Santamaría
- Department of Biotechnology, Biological Science Division, Autonomous Metropolitan University, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Mexico City 09310, Mexico;
| | - Karolina Kędziora
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (P.M.); (W.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Kacper Klasa
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (P.M.); (W.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Paweł Mamica
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (P.M.); (W.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Wiktoria Pepasińska
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (P.M.); (W.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Magdalena Lebiecka
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (P.M.); (W.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Dorota Kościelniak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (K.K.); (K.K.); (P.M.); (W.P.); (M.L.)
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Weber C, Dilthey A, Finzer P. The role of microbiome-host interactions in the development of Alzheimer´s disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1151021. [PMID: 37333848 PMCID: PMC10272569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1151021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer`s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. It is often assumed that AD is caused by an aggregation of extracellular beta-amyloid and intracellular tau-protein, supported by a recent study showing reduced brain amyloid levels and reduced cognitive decline under treatment with a beta-amyloid-binding antibody. Confirmation of the importance of amyloid as a therapeutic target notwithstanding, the underlying causes of beta-amyloid aggregation in the human brain, however, remain to be elucidated. Multiple lines of evidence point towards an important role of infectious agents and/or inflammatory conditions in the etiology of AD. Various microorganisms have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of AD-patients and have thus been hypothesized to be linked to the development of AD, including Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG) and Spirochaetes. Intriguingly, these microorganisms are also found in the oral cavity under normal physiological conditions, which is often affected by multiple pathologies like caries or tooth loss in AD patients. Oral cavity pathologies are mostly accompanied by a compositional shift in the community of oral microbiota, mainly affecting commensal microorganisms and referred to as 'dysbiosis'. Oral dysbiosis seems to be at least partly mediated by key pathogens such as PG, and it is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that promotes the destruction of connective tissue in the mouth, possibly enabling the translocation of pathogenic microbiota from the oral cavity to the nervous system. It has therefore been hypothesized that dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may contribute to the development of AD. In this review, we discuss the infectious hypothesis of AD in the light of the oral microbiome and microbiome-host interactions, which may contribute to or even cause the development of AD. We discuss technical challenges relating to the detection of microorganisms in relevant body fluids and approaches for avoiding false-positives, and introduce the antibacterial protein lactoferrin as a potential link between the dysbiotic microbiome and the host inflammatory reaction.
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Oral Diagnostic Methods for the Detection of Periodontal Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030571. [PMID: 33810094 PMCID: PMC8005070 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common immune-inflammatory oral disease. Early detection plays an important role in its prevention and progression. Saliva is a reliable medium that mirrors periodontal health and is easily obtainable for identifying periodontal biomarkers in point-of-care diagnostics. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of diagnostic salivary tests to determine periodontal status. Whole saliva (stimulated/unstimulated) from twenty healthy and twenty stage III grade B generalized periodontitis patients was tested for lactoferrin, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, density, osmolarity, pH, phosphate, buffer capacity, salivary flow rate and dynamic viscosity. A semi-quantitative urinary strip test was used to evaluate markers of inflammation in saliva (erythrocytes, leukocytes, urobilinogen, nitrite, glucose, bilirubin, and ketones), clinical periodontal parameters and pathogenic bacteria. Concentrations of lactoferrin, hemoglobin, and leukocytes were found to be significantly higher in the stimulated and unstimulated saliva in periodontitis patients compared to healthy patients, whereas alkaline phosphatase levels were higher in unstimulated saliva of periodontitis patients (p < 0.05). Periodontal biomarker analysis using test strips may be considered rapid and easy tool for distinguishing between periodontitis and healthy patients. The increase in lactoferrin, hemoglobin, and leucocytes-determined by strip tests-may provide a non-invasive method of periodontal diagnosis.
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Panahipour L, Biasi MD, Bokor TS, Thajer A, Haiden N, Gruber R. Milk lactoperoxidase decreases ID1 and ID3 expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5836. [PMID: 32246075 PMCID: PMC7125221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk consumption may modify the risk of squamous cell carcinoma. The role of milk to modulate the gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells has not been investigated so far. Here, HSC2 oral squamous carcinoma cells were exposed to an aqueous fraction of human milk and a whole-genome array was performed. Among the genes that were significantly reduced by human and cow milk were the DNA-binding protein inhibitor 1 (ID1), ID3 and Distal-Less Homeobox 2 (DLX2) in HSC2 cells. Also, in TR146 oral squamous carcinoma cells, there was a tendency towards a decreased gene expression. Upon size fractionation, lactoperoxidase but not lactoferrin and osteopontin was identified to reduce ID1 and ID3 in HSC2 cells. Dairy products and hypoallergenic infant formula failed to decrease the respective genes. These data suggest that milk can reduce the expression of transcription factors in oral squamous carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria De Biasi
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Sophia Bokor
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Thajer
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Haiden
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
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Magacz M, Kędziora K, Sapa J, Krzyściak W. The Significance of Lactoperoxidase System in Oral Health: Application and Efficacy in Oral Hygiene Products. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061443. [PMID: 30901933 PMCID: PMC6472183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) present in saliva are an important element of the nonspecific immune response involved in maintaining oral health. The main role of this enzyme is to oxidize salivary thiocyanate ions (SCN-) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to products that exhibit antimicrobial activity. LPO derived from bovine milk has found an application in food, cosmetics, and medical industries due to its structural and functional similarity to the human enzyme. Oral hygiene products enriched with the LPO system constitute an alternative to the classic fluoride caries prophylaxis. This review describes the physiological role of human salivary lactoperoxidase and compares the results of clinical trials and in vitro studies of LPO alone and complex dentifrices enriched with bovine LPO. The role of reactivators and inhibitors of LPO is discussed together with the possibility of using nanoparticles to increase the stabilization and activity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Magacz
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kędziora
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
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Redox Regulation of Inflammatory Processes Is Enzymatically Controlled. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8459402. [PMID: 29118897 PMCID: PMC5651112 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8459402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Redox regulation depends on the enzymatically controlled production and decay of redox active molecules. NADPH oxidases, superoxide dismutases, nitric oxide synthases, and others produce the redox active molecules superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide. These react with target proteins inducing spatiotemporal modifications of cysteine residues within different signaling cascades. Thioredoxin family proteins are key regulators of the redox state of proteins. They regulate the formation and removal of oxidative modifications by specific thiol reduction and oxidation. All of these redox enzymes affect inflammatory processes and the innate and adaptive immune response. Interestingly, this regulation involves different mechanisms in different biological compartments and specialized cell types. The localization and activity of distinct proteins including, for instance, the transcription factor NFκB and the immune mediator HMGB1 are redox-regulated. The transmembrane protein ADAM17 releases proinflammatory mediators, such as TNFα, and is itself regulated by a thiol switch. Moreover, extracellular redox enzymes were shown to modulate the activity and migration behavior of various types of immune cells by acting as cytokines and/or chemokines. Within this review article, we will address the concept of redox signaling and the functions of both redox enzymes and redox active molecules in innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Memarzadeh Zahedani M, Schwahn C, Baguhl R, Kocher T, Below H, Welk A. Association of salivary peroxidase activity and concentration with periodontal health: A validity study. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:803-812. [PMID: 28555944 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Whereas the relationship between myeloperoxidase and periodontitis has been widely examined that between salivary peroxidase and periodontitis has received little attention. We examined how periodontitis depends on both salivary peroxidase activity and concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A full mouth, clinical assessment of probing depth was performed in a sample of 46 participants aged 25-54 years. To minimise bias, these data were corrected by data from the general population (Study of Health in Pomerania). Using five repeated measurements of activity and concentration over 1 day, we assessed daily biological variability and increased the reliability of salivary peroxidase measurements. RESULTS Salivary peroxidase activity was associated with probing depth (interquartile range effect = -0.48; robust estimates of 95% confidence interval: -0.90 to -0.31; p = .0052), and its effect was not confounded by salivary peroxidase concentration. In turn, the effect of salivary peroxidase concentration was confounded by salivary peroxidase activity, and it was smaller than that of activity. CONCLUSIONS We found an inverse association between salivary peroxidase activity and probing depth. Thus, our results imply that salivary peroxidase activity could be a protective factor against periodontitis. However, large, well-designed studies are needed to explore the causal mechanisms of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Memarzadeh Zahedani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Schwahn
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Romy Baguhl
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Below
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Welk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Nakano M, Shimizu E, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Abe F. A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess effects of the single ingestion of a tablet containing lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and glucose oxidase on oral malodor. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:37. [PMID: 27001471 PMCID: PMC4802841 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main components of oral malodor have been identified as volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) including hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH). VSCs also play an important role in the progression of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the single ingestion of a tablet containing 20 mg of lactoferrin, 2.6 mg of lactoperoxidase, and 2.6 mg of glucose oxidase on VSCs in the mouth. Method Subjects with VSCs greater than the olfactory threshold in their mouth air ingested a test or placebo tablet in two crossover phases. The concentrations of VSCs were monitored at baseline and 10 and 30 min after ingestion of the tablets using portable gas chromatography. Results Thirty-nine subjects were included in the efficacy analysis based on a full analysis set (FAS). The concentrations of total VSCs and H2S at 10 min were significantly lower in the test group than in the placebo group (−0.246 log ng/10 ml [95 % CI −0.395 to −0.098], P = 0.002; −0.349 log ng/10 ml; 95 % CI −0.506 to −0.192; P < 0.001, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, a significant difference in the concentration of total VSCs between the groups was also observed when subjects were fractionated by sex (male or female) and age (20–55 or 56–65 years). The reducing effect on total VSCs positively correlated with the probing pocket depth (P = 0.035). Conclusions These results suggest that the ingestion of a tablet containing lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, and glucose oxidase has suppressive effects on oral malodor. Trial registration This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (number: UMIN000015140, date of registration: 16/09/2014). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0199-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nakano
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Eiju Shimizu
- Shimizu Dental Clinic, 1066 Kamikobanamachi, Takasaki, 370-0077, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wakabayashi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa, 252-8583, Japan
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Che HX, Tian B, Bai LN, Cheng LM, Liu LL, Zhang XN, Jiang ZM, Xu XX. Development of a test strip for rapid detection of lactoperoxidase in raw milk. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:672-9. [PMID: 26238542 PMCID: PMC4534544 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional methods for detecting lactoperoxidase (LP) are complex and time-consuming, so a test strip was made based on the enzymatic reaction principle to enable quick and convenient detection of LP in raw milk. In this study 0.1 mol/L citric acid (CA)/0.2 mol/L disodium hydrogen phosphate (NaP) buffer solution (pH 5.0), 22 mmol/L 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), 0.6 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and 0.5% Tween-20 or 0.3% cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were optimal for preparing a quick, sensitive, and accurate LP test strip. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the estimated LP concentrations ranged from 2.47% to 6.72% and the minimum LP concentration detected by the test strip was 1-2 mg/L. Estimates of active LP in sixteen raw milk samples obtained using the test strip or the TMB method showed a good correlation (r=0.9776). So the test strip provides a quick, convenient, and accurate method for detecting the LP concentration of raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-xia Che
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (KLDS), Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (KLDS), Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-na Bai
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (KLDS), Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (KLDS), Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (KLDS), Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiao-na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (KLDS), Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhan-mei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (KLDS), Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Xiao-xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science (KLDS), Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
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Microbiological effect of essential oils in combination with subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation and mouth rinsing in chronic periodontitis patients. Int J Dent 2013; 2013:146479. [PMID: 24171000 PMCID: PMC3792545 DOI: 10.1155/2013/146479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control, saline, and essential oil-containing antiseptic (EO). Subgingival plaque was collected from a total of 90 pockets across all subjects. Subsequently, subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation (SUI) was performed by using EO or saline as the irrigation agent. After continuous mouth rinsing at home with EO or saline for 7 days, subgingival plaques were sampled again. Periodontopathic bacteria were quantified using the modified Invader PLUS assay. The total bacterial count in shallow pockets (probing pocket depth (PPD) = 4-5 mm) was significantly reduced in both saline (P < 0.05) and EO groups (P < 0.01). The total bacterial count (P < 0.05) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P < 0.01) and Tannerella forsythia (P < 0.05) count in deep pockets (PPD ≥6 mm) were significantly reduced only in the EO group. In comparisons of the change ratio relative to baseline value of total bacteria counts across categories, both the saline and EO groups for PPD 4-5 mm and the EO group for PPD 6 mm showed a significantly low ratio (P < 0.05). The adjunctive use of EO may be effective in reducing subgingival bacterial counts in both shallow and deep pockets. This trial is registered with UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000007484.
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Salazar MG, Jehmlich N, Murr A, Dhople VM, Holtfreter B, Hammer E, Völker U, Kocher T. Identification of periodontitis associated changes in the proteome of whole human saliva by mass spectrometric analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:825-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Annette Murr
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Vishnu M. Dhople
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics; Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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Velusamy SK, Ganeshnarayan K, Markowitz K, Schreiner H, Furgang D, Fine DH, Velliyagounder K. Lactoferrin knockout mice demonstrates greater susceptibility to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1690-701. [PMID: 23327622 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the innate defense mechanisms in the oral cavity, lactoferrin (LF) is a vital antimicrobial that can modify the host response against periodontopathogens. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the main periodontopathogen of localized aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of LF during A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontitis. METHODS Differences in the expression levels of cytokines, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and bone loss markers between wild-type (WT) and LF knockout mice (LFKO(-/-)) were evaluated by real time-PCR. Serum IgG and LF levels were quantified by ELISA. Alveolar bone loss among the groups was estimated by measuring the distance from cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) at 20 molar sites. RESULTS Oral infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans increased LF levels in periodontal tissue (P = 0.01) and saliva (P = 0.0004) of wild-type infected (WTI) mice compared to wild-type control mice. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 were increased in the infected LF knockout (LFKO(-/-)I) mice compared to the WTI mice, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were decreased. Chemokines and chemokine receptors showed different expression patterns between WTI and LFKO(-/-)I mice. The LFKO(-/-)I mice developed increased bone loss (P = 0.002), in conjunction with increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and decrease in osteoprotegerin, compared to WTI mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the infected LFKO(-/-) mice were more susceptible to A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced alveolar bone loss, with different patterns of immune responses compared to those of WTI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Velusamy
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ
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Ganeshnarayan K, Velliyagounder K, Furgang D, Fine DH. Human salivary cystatin SA exhibits antimicrobial effect against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:661-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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