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Naseri S, Shukla S, Hiwale KM, Jagtap MM, Gadkari P, Gupta K, Deshmukh M, Sagar S. From Pixels to Prognosis: A Narrative Review on Artificial Intelligence's Pioneering Role in Colorectal Carcinoma Histopathology. Cureus 2024; 16:e59171. [PMID: 38807833 PMCID: PMC11129955 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma, a prevalent and deadly malignancy, necessitates precise histopathological assessment for effective diagnosis and prognosis. Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a transformative force in this realm, offering innovative solutions to enhance traditional histopathological methods. This narrative review explores AI's pioneering role in colorectal carcinoma histopathology, encompassing its evolution, techniques, and advancements. AI algorithms, notably machine learning and deep learning, have revolutionized image analysis, facilitating accurate diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Furthermore, AI-driven histopathological analysis unveils potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, heralding personalized treatment approaches. Despite its promise, challenges persist, including data quality, interpretability, and integration. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and AI developers are imperative to surmount these hurdles and realize AI's full potential in colorectal carcinoma care. This review underscores AI's transformative impact and implications for future oncology research, clinical practice, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhit Naseri
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Samarth Shukla
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - K M Hiwale
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Miheer M Jagtap
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pravin Gadkari
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Kartik Gupta
- Radiation Oncology, Delhi State Cancer Institute, Delhi, IND
| | - Mamta Deshmukh
- Pathology, Indian Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jalna, IND
| | - Shakti Sagar
- Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Rezasoltani S, Azizmohammad Looha M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Jasemi S, Sechi LA, Gazouli M, Sadeghi A, Torkashvand S, Baniali R, Schlüter H, Zali MR, Feizabadi MM. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of the oral and fecal microbiota in colorectal cancer positives versus colorectal cancer negatives in Iranian population. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:9. [PMID: 38378690 PMCID: PMC10880352 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant healthcare challenge, accounting for nearly 6.1% of global cancer cases. Early detection, facilitated by population screening utilizing innovative biomarkers, is pivotal for mitigating CRC incidence. This study aims to scrutinize the fecal and salivary microbiomes of CRC-positive individuals (CPs) in comparison to CRC-negative counterparts (CNs) to enhance early CRC diagnosis through microbial biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 80 oral and stool samples were collected from Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, encompassing both CPs and CNs undergoing screening. Microbial profiling was conducted using 16S rRNA sequencing assays, employing the Nextera XT Index Kit on an Illumina NovaSeq platform. RESULTS Distinct microbial profiles were observed in saliva and stool samples of CPs, diverging significantly from those of CNs at various taxonomic levels, including phylum, family, and species. Saliva samples from CPs exhibited abundance of Calothrix parietina, Granulicatella adiacens, Rothia dentocariosa, and Rothia mucilaginosa, absent in CNs. Additionally, Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae were markedly higher in CPs' feces, while the Fusobacteria phylum was significantly elevated in CPs' saliva. Conversely, the non-pathogenic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila exhibited a significant decrease in CPs' fecal samples compared to CNs. CONCLUSION Through meticulous selection of saliva and stool microbes based on Mean Decrease GINI values and employing logistic regression for saliva and support vector machine models for stool, we successfully developed a microbiota test with heightened sensitivity and specificity for early CRC detection.
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Grants
- RIGLD1065 Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- RIGLD1065 Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, legge regionale 12 dicembre 2022, n. 22 UNISS FAR fondi ricercar 2021, 2022 and Fondazione di Sardegna 2017
- Regione Autonoma della Sardegna, legge regionale 12 dicembre 2022, n. 22 UNISS FAR fondi ricercar 2021, 2022 and Fondazione di Sardegna 2017
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Rezasoltani
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH University Hospital, 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi Azizmohammad Looha
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19835-178, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19835-178, Iran
| | - Seyedesomayeh Jasemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Antonio Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
- Struttura Complessa Microbiologia e Virologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19835-178, Iran
| | - Shirin Torkashvand
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19835-178, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Baniali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19835-178, Iran
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section Mass Spectrometric Proteomics, Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19835-178, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19835-178, Iran.
- Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Danpanichkul P, Moolkaew P, Kanjanakot Y, Polpichai N, Jaroenlapnopparat A, Kim D, Lukens FJ, Wassef W, Fallon MB, Chen VL, Lui R, Wijarnpreecha K. Rising incidence and impact of early-onset colorectal cancer in the Asia-Pacific with higher mortality in females from Southeast Asia: a global burden analysis from 2010 to 2019. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2053-2060. [PMID: 37644698 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing global health concern, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. However, comprehensive research on this topic from the region is lacking. Our study aims to investigate trends in early-onset CRC in Asia over 10 years, filling this research gap. METHODS This study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to assess temporal trends in early-onset CRC in the Asia-Pacific. The analysis included estimating annual frequencies and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of early-onset CRC incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by gender. RESULTS The incidence of early-onset CRC significantly increased in both regions with higher increase and in the Western Pacific region. Notable increases were observed among males in the Western Pacific and females in Southeast Asia (SEA). Mortality rates remained stable in the Western Pacific but increased by 10.6% in SEA, especially among females. DALYs due to CRC also increased significantly in SEA, with a greater rise among females. The Western Pacific had the highest CRC incidence, and in SEA, the mortality rate was higher in females than males. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a substantial increase in early-onset CRC in the Asia-Pacific underscoring the urgency for effective interventions. Thus, a comprehensive approach comprising controlled risk reduction, health promotion to heightened disease awareness, and implementation of effective screening strategies should be executed timely to mitigate the burden of early-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pinyada Moolkaew
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yatawee Kanjanakot
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Natchaya Polpichai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Donghee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Frank J Lukens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Wahid Wassef
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael B Fallon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rashid Lui
- Department of Clinical Oncology, and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Barpanda A, Biswas D, Verma A, Parihari S, Singh A, Kapoor S, Kantharia C, Srivastava S. Integrative Proteomic and Pharmacological Analysis of Colon Cancer Reveals the Classical Lipogenic Pathway with Prognostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:871-884. [PMID: 36731020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advancements, the high mortality rate remains a concern in colon cancer (CAC). Identification of therapeutic markers could prove to be a great asset in CAC management. Multiple studies have reported hyperactivation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL), but its association with the pathology is unclear. This study aims to establish the importance as well as the prognostic and therapeutic potential of DNL in CAC. The key lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase along with ATP citrate lyase were quantified using an LC-MS/MS-based targeted proteomics approach in the samples along with the matched controls. The potential capacity of the proteins to distinguish between the tumor and controls was demonstrated using random forest-based class prediction analysis using the peptide intensities. Furthermore, in-depth proteomics of DNL inhibition in the CAC cell line revealed the significance of the pathway in proliferation and metastasis. DNL inhibition affected the major signaling pathways, including DNA repair, PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, membrane trafficking, proteasome, etc. The study revealed the upregulation of 26S proteasome machinery as a result of the treatment with subsequent induction of apoptosis. Again, in silico molecular docking-based drug repurposing was performed to find potential drug candidates. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that blocking DNL could be explored as a therapeutic option in CAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Barpanda
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India.,Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Deeptarup Biswas
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Ayushi Verma
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shashwati Parihari
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Singh
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan Kantharia
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Proteomics Lab, Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India.,Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076 Maharashtra, India
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Barpanda A, Tuckley C, Ray A, Banerjee A, Duttagupta SP, Kantharia C, Srivastava S. A protein microarray-based serum proteomic investigation reveals distinct autoantibody signature in colorectal cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2200062. [PMID: 36408811 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported as the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The 5-year annual survival is around 50%, mainly due to late diagnosis, striking necessity for early detection. This study aims to identify autoantibody in patients' sera for early screening of cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study used a high-density human proteome array with approximately 17,000 recombinant proteins. Screening of sera from healthy individuals, CRC from Indian origin, and CRC from middle-east Asia origin were performed. Bio-statistical analysis was performed to identify significant autoantibodies altered. Pathway analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanism of the disease. RESULTS The comprehensive proteomic analysis revealed dysregulation of 15 panels of proteins including CORO7, KCNAB1, WRAP53, NDUFS6, KRT30, and COLGALT2. Further biological pathway analysis for the top dysregulated autoantigenic proteins revealed perturbation in important biological pathways such as ECM degradation and cytoskeletal remodeling etc. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The generation of an autoimmune response against cancer-linked pathways could be linked to the screening of the disease. The process of immune surveillance can be detected at an early stage of cancer. Moreover, AAbs can be easily extracted from blood serum through the least invasive test for disease screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Barpanda
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chaitanya Tuckley
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Arka Ray
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Siddhartha P Duttagupta
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Chetan Kantharia
- Department of surgical gastroenterology at King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth G. S. Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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Jiang H, Zhang P, Gu K, Gong Y, Peng P, Shi Y, Ai D, Chen W, Fu C. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a community-based colorectal cancer screening program in Shanghai, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:986728. [PMID: 36276354 PMCID: PMC9586014 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.986728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2011, through the Community-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Shanghai, China (SHcsp), residents aged >50 years were offered initial colorectal cancer screening using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and risk assessment questionnaire (RAQ) for free. Colonoscopy was then recommended for positive results. Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the Community-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Shanghai, China from the payer perspective. Methods This analysis estimated the long-term cost and effectiveness of the 2014-2016 SHcsp based on real-world follow-up data from the SHcsp database, Shanghai Cancer Registry System, vital statistics from Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention and inpatient CRC expense data from hospitals. A decision-tree model and Markov model were constructed to simulate the 25-year health outcomes. The screening branch was the cohort with a definite diagnosis of adenoma, advanced adenoma, and CRC. The other branch was residents who were neither screened nor treated until CRC symptoms appeared. A payer prospective was adopted to measure direct costs and effectiveness by life years (LYs) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and were discounted by 3%. Stimulation robustness was tested by one-way sensitivity analysis. Results Of 1,097,656 residents, 13,250 were diagnosed with adenoma, advanced adenoma, or CRC. Assuming those had not been found through screening, SHcsp resulted in 1,570.1 LYs and 13,984.3 QALYs gained at an extra cost of USD9.96 million. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was USD6,342.02 per LY and USD712.08 per QALY obtained, far below the threshold of USD59,598 of three-time GDP per capita in Shanghai. Conclusion The SHcsp was cost-effective than no screening strategy. The results were generalisable to the Chinese population for mass CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Jiang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Gu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Yangming Gong
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Peng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Dashan Ai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Qin X, Liu M, Xu C, Xing B, Xu X, Wu Y, Ding H, Zhao Q. ZDQ-0620, a Novel Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitor, Inhibits Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Suppresses Angiogenesis by Attenuating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848952. [PMID: 35311154 PMCID: PMC8924359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway plays a central role in human cancers, aberrant activation of this pathway is associated with tumorigenesis, cancer progression and angiogenesis. Based on the importance of the PI3K/AKT pathway in malignancies, we developed a 4-aminoquinazoline derivative, ZDQ-0620, initially envisioned as a novel pan-PI3K inhibitor. This study aimed to evaluate the potential target of ZDQ-0620 and its anticancer effect in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). PI3K-kinase activity test showed IC50 of ZDQ-0620 against PI3Ka was 0.5 nM; molecular docking, CETSA assay and western blotting was further performed to predict ZDQ-0620 was a PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor by targeting PI3K. To identify the effect of ZDQ-0620 on CRC cells, Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, flow cytometry, and Cell morphology analysis were conducted. The results showed that ZDQ-0620 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells, induced apoptosis through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial pathway. Additionally, ZDQ-0620 inhibited the migration and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, neovascularization of rat aortic ring and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) induced by VEGF was diminished when treated with ZDQ-0620. These results indicate that ZDQ-0620 induce apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis via inhibits the PI3K/AKT pathway. We suggest that the great potential of ZDQ-0620 as an effective treatment candidate against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Xing
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huaiwei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.,Department of Life Science and Biochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Raman Spectroscopy: A Personalized Decision-Making Tool on Clinicians' Hands for In Situ Cancer Diagnosis and Surgery Guidance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051144. [PMID: 35267451 PMCID: PMC8909093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer still constitutes one of the main global health challenges. Novel approaches towards understanding the molecular composition of the disease can be employed as adjuvant tools to current oncological applications. Raman spectroscopy has been contemplated and pursued to serve as a noninvasive, real time, in vivo tool which may uncover the molecular basis of cancer and simultaneously offer high specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capacity, as well as high spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, the potential impact of Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy in clinical applications related to cancer diagnosis and surgical removal is analyzed. Moreover, the coupling of Raman systems with modern instrumentation and machine learning methods has been explored as a prominent enhancement factor towards a personalized approach promoting objectivity and accuracy in surgical oncology. Abstract Accurate in situ diagnosis and optimal surgical removal of a malignancy constitute key elements in reducing cancer-related morbidity and mortality. In surgical oncology, the accurate discrimination between healthy and cancerous tissues is critical for the postoperative care of the patient. Conventional imaging techniques have attempted to serve as adjuvant tools for in situ biopsy and surgery guidance. However, no single imaging modality has been proven sufficient in terms of specificity, sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, most techniques are unable to provide information regarding the molecular tissue composition. In this review, we highlight the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a spectroscopic technique with high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution for distinguishing healthy from malignant margins in microscopic scale and in real time. A Raman spectrum constitutes an intrinsic “molecular finger-print” of the tissue and any biochemical alteration related to inflammatory or cancerous tissue state is reflected on its Raman spectral fingerprint. Nowadays, advanced Raman systems coupled with modern instrumentation devices and machine learning methods are entering the clinical arena as adjunct tools towards personalized and optimized efficacy in surgical oncology.
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Trends and Predictors for the Uptake of Colon Cancer Screening Using the Fecal Occult Blood Test in Spain from 2011 to 2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176222. [PMID: 32867168 PMCID: PMC7504712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: In Spain, colorectal cancer screening using the fecal occult blood test, targeted towards the 50–69 age bracket, was implemented on different dates. We aim to assess the temporal trend of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake according to the year of screening implementation in each region and to identify predictors for the uptake of CRC screening. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 12,657 participants from the Spanish National Health Surveys 2011 and 2017 was used. Uptake rates were analyzed according to the date that the screening program was implemented. Results: For regions with programs implemented before 2011, the uptake rate increased 3.34-fold from 2011 to 2017 (9.8% vs. 32.7%; p < 0.001). For regions that implemented screening within the 2011–2016 period, the uptake rose from 4.3% to 13.2% (3.07-fold; p < 0.001), and for regions that implemented screening after 2016, the uptake increased from 3.4% to 8.8% (2.59-fold; p < 0.001). For the entire Spanish population, the uptake increased 3.21-fold (6.8% vs. 21.8%; p < 0.001). Positive predictors for uptake were older age, Spanish nationality, middle-to-high educational level, suffering chronic diseases, non-smoking and living in regions where screening programs were implemented earlier. Conclusions: The different periods for the implementation of CRC screening as well as sociodemographic and health inequalities may have limited the improvement in the screening uptake from 2011 to 2017 in Spain.
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Cho M, Kim JH, Hong KS, Kim JS, Kong HJ, Kim S. Identification of cecum time-location in a colonoscopy video by deep learning analysis of colonoscope movement. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7256. [PMID: 31392088 PMCID: PMC6673422 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cecal intubation time is an important component for quality colonoscopy. Cecum is the turning point that determines the insertion and withdrawal phase of the colonoscope. For this reason, obtaining information related with location of the cecum in the endoscopic procedure is very useful. Also, it is necessary to detect the direction of colonoscope's movement and time-location of the cecum. Methods In order to analysis the direction of scope's movement, the Horn-Schunck algorithm was used to compute the pixel's motion change between consecutive frames. Horn-Schunk-algorithm applied images were trained and tested through convolutional neural network deep learning methods, and classified to the insertion, withdrawal and stop movements. Based on the scope's movement, the graph was drawn with a value of +1 for insertion, -1 for withdrawal, and 0 for stop. We regarded the turning point as a cecum candidate point when the total graph area sum in a certain section recorded the lowest. Results A total of 328,927 frame images were obtained from 112 patients. The overall accuracy, drawn from 5-fold cross-validation, was 95.6%. When the value of "t" was 30 s, accuracy of cecum discovery was 96.7%. In order to increase visibility, the movement of the scope was added to summary report of colonoscopy video. Insertion, withdrawal, and stop movements were mapped to each color and expressed with various scale. As the scale increased, the distinction between the insertion phase and the withdrawal phase became clearer. Conclusion Information obtained in this study can be utilized as metadata for proficiency assessment. Since insertion and withdrawal are technically different movements, data of scope's movement and phase can be quantified and utilized to express pattern unique to the colonoscopist and to assess proficiency. Also, we hope that the findings of this study can contribute to the informatics field of medical records so that medical charts can be transmitted graphically and effectively in the field of colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Sup Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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A novel summary report of colonoscopy: timeline visualization providing meaningful colonoscopy video information. Int J Colorectal Dis 2018. [PMID: 29520455 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-018-2980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The colonoscopy adenoma detection rate depends largely on physician experience and skill, and overlooked colorectal adenomas could develop into cancer. This study assessed a system that detects polyps and summarizes meaningful information from colonoscopy videos. METHODS One hundred thirteen consecutive patients had colonoscopy videos prospectively recorded at the Seoul National University Hospital. Informative video frames were extracted using a MATLAB support vector machine (SVM) model and classified as bleeding, polypectomy, tool, residue, thin wrinkle, folded wrinkle, or common. Thin wrinkle, folded wrinkle, and common frames were reanalyzed using SVM for polyp detection. The SVM model was applied hierarchically for effective classification and optimization of the SVM. RESULTS The mean classification accuracy according to type was over 93%; sensitivity was over 87%. The mean sensitivity for polyp detection was 82.1%, and the positive predicted value (PPV) was 39.3%. Polyps detected using the system were larger (6.3 ± 6.4 vs. 4.9 ± 2.5 mm; P = 0.003) with a more pedunculated morphology (Yamada type III, 10.2 vs. 0%; P < 0.001; Yamada type IV, 2.8 vs. 0%; P < 0.001) than polyps missed by the system. There were no statistically significant differences in polyp distribution or histology between the groups. Informative frames and suspected polyps were presented on a timeline. This summary was evaluated using the system usability scale questionnaire; 89.3% of participants expressed positive opinions. CONCLUSIONS We developed and verified a system to extract meaningful information from colonoscopy videos. Although further improvement and validation of the system is needed, the proposed system is useful for physicians and patients.
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Feng S, Wang W, Tai IT, Chen G, Chen R, Zeng H. Label-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for detection of colorectal cancer and precursor lesions using blood plasma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:3494-502. [PMID: 26417518 PMCID: PMC4574674 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fecal based tests have limited diagnostic values in detecting adenomatous polyps, the precursor lesions to colorectal cancer (CRC). Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using silver nanoparticles as substrate is a multiplexed analytical technique capable of detecting biomolecules with high sensitivity. This study utilizes SERS to analyze blood plasma for detecting both CRC and adenomatous polyps for the first time. Blood plasma samples are collected from healthy control subjects and patients diagnosed with adenomas and CRC. Using a real-time Raman system, SERS spectra for blood plasma samples are measured in 1 s. The collected SERS spectra are analyzed with partial least squares-discriminant analysis. Classification of normal versus CRC plus adenomatous polyps achieved diagnostic sensitivity of 86.4% and specificity of 80%. The results suggest that blood plasma SERS analysis could be a potential screening test to detect both CRC and adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyuan Feng
- Imaging Unit – Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Imaging Unit – Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Equal contribution
| | - Isabella T. Tai
- Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Guannan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Imaging Unit – Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Agency Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Photomedicine Institute – Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4E8, Canada
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Castells A. Choosing the optimal method in programmatic colorectal cancer screening: current evidence and controversies. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2015; 8:221-33. [PMID: 26136839 PMCID: PMC4480573 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x15578610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important health problem all over the world, being the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. The most important strategy for CRC prevention is screening (i.e. secondary prevention). Since it is widely accepted that adenomas and serrated polyps are the precursors of the vast majority of CRC, early detection and removal of these lesions is associated with a reduction of CRC incidence and, consequently, mortality. Moreover, cancers detected by screening are usually diagnosed at early stages and, therefore, curable by endoscopic or surgical procedures. This review will be address CRC screening strategies in average-risk population, which is defined by those individuals, men and women, 50 years of age or older, without any additional personal or familial predisposing risk factor. In order to maximize the impact of screening and ensure high coverage and equity of access, only organized screening programs (i.e. programmatic screening) should be implemented, as opposed to case-finding or opportunistic screening. For that reason and considering that the optimal approach for colorectal screening may differ depending on the scenario, this review will be focused on the advantages and limitations of each screening strategy in an organized setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Castells
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Binefa G, Rodríguez-Moranta F, Teule &A, Medina-Hayas M. Colorectal cancer: from prevention to personalized medicine. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6786-808. [PMID: 24944469 PMCID: PMC4051918 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. CRC develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes, leading to the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer. CRC is one of the most prevalent and incident cancers worldwide, as well as one of the most deadly. Approximately 1235108 people are diagnosed annually with CRC, and 609051 die from CRC annually. The World Health Organization estimates an increase of 77% in the number of newly diagnosed cases of CRC and an increase of 80% in deaths from CRC by 2030. The incidence of CRC can benefit from different strategies depending on its stage: health promotion through health education campaigns (when the disease is not yet present), the implementation of screening programs (for detection of the disease in its early stages), and the development of nearly personalized treatments according to both patient characteristics (age, sex) and the cancer itself (gene expression). Although there are different strategies for screening and although the number of such strategies is increasing due to the potential of emerging technologies in molecular marker application, not all strategies meet the criteria required for screening tests in population programs; the three most accepted tests are the fecal occult blood test (FOBT), colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. FOBT is the most used method for CRC screening worldwide and is also the primary choice in most population-based screening programs in Europe. Due to its non-invasive nature and low cost, it is one of the most accepted techniques by population. CRC is a very heterogeneous disease, and with a few exceptions (APC, p53, KRAS), most of the genes involved in CRC are observed in a small percentage of cases. The design of genetic and epigenetic marker panels that are able to provide maximum coverage in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia seems a reasonable strategy. In recent years, the use of DNA, RNA and protein markers in different biological samples has been explored as strategies for CRC diagnosis. Although there is not yet sufficient evidence to recommend the analysis of biomarkers such as DNA, RNA or proteins in the blood or stool, it is likely that given the quick progression of technology tools in molecular biology, increasingly sensitive and less expensive, these tools will gradually be employed in clinical practice and will likely be developed in mass.
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