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He Q, Gao H, Xu LM, Lu Y, Wang C, Rui J, Fan H, Wang XY, Wang JZ. Analysis of IL-6 and IL-1β release in cryopreserved pooled human whole blood stimulated with endotoxin. Innate Immun 2018; 24:316-322. [PMID: 29793382 PMCID: PMC6830915 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918777596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the lack of availability of fresh human whole blood for pyrogen
detection, we explored the feasibility of utilizing cryopreserved pooled human
blood to detect the responses of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β
to LPS. Whole blood was obtained from five donors and incubated with LPS. The
quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA, and the
results were compared among the samples. After the blood was cryopreserved with
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (10% v/v) and stored for 4 mo at –196℃, the detection
limits of the IL-6/IL-1β responses to LPS were 0.2/0.4 endotoxin units (EU)/ml,
respectively, and IL-6/IL-1β release increased in response to LPS in a
dose-dependent manner. When these experiments were performed in three separate
laboratories, the within-laboratory reproducibility of the IL-6/IL-1β responses
was 100%/86.7%, 93.3%/100%, and 86.7%/80%, and the inter-laboratory
reproducibility was 92.9%/85.7%, 64.3%/63.6%, and 57.1%/66.7%, respectively. The
sensitivity (the probability of correctly classifying positive samples) and
specificity (the probability of correctly classifying negative samples) of the
IL-6/IL-1β tests were 81.7%/82.5% and 100%/100%, respectively. The results of
this study suggest that cryopreserved pooled blood is a convenient and viable
alternative for evaluating in vitro pyrogenicity. Additionally,
maintaining cryopreserved pooled blood promotes safety for the user because it
is released only after pretesting for infection parameters and has lower
variation than fresh donations from a variety of donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- 1 National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Gao
- 1 National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Xu
- 1 National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- 1 National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- 2 Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, China
| | - Jing Rui
- 2 Tianjin Institute for Drug Control, China
| | - Hua Fan
- 3 Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, China
| | | | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- 1 National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Lakshmikanth CL, Jacob SP, Kudva AK, Latchoumycandane C, Yashaswini PSM, Sumanth MS, Goncalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR, Singh SA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Prabhu SK, McIntyre TM, Marathe GK. Escherichia coli Braun Lipoprotein (BLP) exhibits endotoxemia - like pathology in Swiss albino mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34666. [PMID: 27698491 PMCID: PMC5048175 DOI: 10.1038/srep34666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes sepsis, but bacterial peptides also promote inflammation leading to sepsis. We found, intraperitoneal administration of live or heat inactivated E. coli JE5505 lacking the abundant outer membrane protein, Braun lipoprotein (BLP), was less toxic than E. coli DH5α possessing BLP in Swiss albino mice. Injection of BLP free of LPS purified from E. coli DH5α induced massive infiltration of leukocytes in lungs and liver. BLP activated human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) ex vivo to adhere to denatured collagen in serum and polymyxin B independent fashion, a property distinct from LPS. Both LPS and BLP stimulated the synthesis of platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent lipid mediator, in human PMNs. In mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, while both BLP and LPS similarly upregulated TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA; BLP was more potent in inducing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein expression. Peritoneal macrophages from TLR2−/− mice significantly reduced the production of TNF-α in response to BLP in contrast to macrophages from wild type mice. We conclude, BLP acting through TLR2, is a potent inducer of inflammation with a response profile both common and distinct from LPS. Hence, BLP mediated pathway may also be considered as an effective target against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shancy Petsel Jacob
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kundadka Kudva
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, 115 Henning Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Calivarathan Latchoumycandane
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | - Mosale Seetharam Sumanth
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Adriana R Silva
- Laboratótio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Sridevi Annapurna Singh
- Department of Protein Chemistry &Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute/CSIR, Mysore - 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Hugo C Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratótio de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Kumble Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, 115 Henning Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore - 570 006, Karnataka, India
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Lakshmikanth CL, Jacob SP, Chaithra VH, de Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Marathe GK. Sepsis: in search of cure. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:587-602. [PMID: 26995266 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a complex inflammatory disorder believed to originate from an infection by any types of microbes and/or their products. It is the leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs) throughout the globe. The mortality rates depend both on the severity of infection and the host's response to infection. METHODS Literature survey on pathobiology of sepsis in general and failure of more than hundred clinical trials conducted so far in search of a possible cure for sepsis resulted in the preparation of this manuscript. FINDINGS Sepsis lacks a suitable animal model that mimics human sepsis. However, based on the results obtained in animal models of sepsis, clinical trials conducted so far have been disappointing. Although involvement of multiple mediators and pathways in sepsis has been recognized, only few components are being targeted and this could be the major reason behind the failure of clinical trials. CONCLUSION Inability to recognize a single critical mediator of sepsis may be the underlying cause for the poor therapeutic intervention of sepsis. Therefore, sepsis is still considered as a disease-in search of cure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shancy Petsel Jacob
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, 570 006, India
| | | | | | - Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, 570 006, India.
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