1
|
Önder D. Variation in antioxidant capacity, antioxidant activity and mineral composition during flower development of oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). Sci Rep 2023; 13:17255. [PMID: 37828040 PMCID: PMC10570392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oil-bearing rose is an economically important rose species with a wide range of uses such as cosmetics, perfumery, food and health, but the changes in antioxidant capacity and antioxidant activity during flower development are not well understood. The antioxidant content and free radical scavenging properties of oil-bearing rose flowers are used in the cosmetic industry to modulate skin damage, and in the food industry as a source of antioxidants and sweeteners. The present investigation was carried out to explore the antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the composition and distribution of minerals in petals of oil-bearing rose at five flower development stages. The total antioxidant capacity of petals was determined using CUPRAC, DPPH, FRAP, FIC and ABTS methods. The antioxidant capacity of petals decreased during the flower development, suggesting that flowers in stage I and II are valuable sources of antioxidants. CUPRAC, DPPH, FRAP, FIC and ABTS scavenging activity of the petals at various developmental stages are strongly and positively correlated with each other. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase was highest at the bud stage (stage I), whereas the fully opened flowers (stage V) exhibited the lowest activity in oil-bearing rose petals. During the development of flower, malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly from stage I to stage III and decreased at stage IV. Here we detected the contents of 15 elements in petals, some of them, especially calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus showed significant changes during rose flowering. Generally, the highest mineral content was observed in stage I while the lowest content observed in stage V of flower development. These results showed a close link between flower development, antioxidant capacity, enzymatic antioxidant activity and mineral content, with stage I exhibiting the best antioxidant activity, mineral content and free radical scavenging potential. This work will serve as a baseline for understanding the possible roles of antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzymes, mineral content and their interactions in the regulation of flower development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damla Önder
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, 32260, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shamsi SRHAA, Rabert GA, Kurup SS, Alyafei MAM, Jaleel A. Biochemical Changes and Antioxidant Variations in Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Varieties during Flower Induction and Development. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:2550. [PMID: 34834913 PMCID: PMC8617858 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to explore the biochemical changes and antioxidant variations, including non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant variations, in the leaves of different varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belonging to the early, mid-, and late-flowering categories in the United Arab Emirates. The changes in the protein and phenol concentration; the ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and α-tocopherol contents; and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase were studied in the leaves during the preflowering, flowering, and postflowering stages of the date palms. Two varieties each from the early (Shaham, Khanezi), mid- (Barhee, Nabthasaif), and late- (Khasab, Fardh) flowering types were used in this study. The protein content in the leaves was higher in the early flowering varieties during the preflowering stage but lower in the other two varieties. The phenol content showed an opposite trend to the protein. There was significant variation in the ascorbic acid content and a reduction in glutathione and α-tocopherol between the leaves of different varieties. Similarly, the activity of the antioxidant enzyme ascorbate peroxidase in the leaves was higher during the preflowering stage in all varieties. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT) activity was highest in the Bharhee leaves for all the stages. The peroxidase activity (POD) was highest in the Fardh variety of date palm, whereas the Khanezi variety exhibited the lowest activity. This study can be used as a baseline for developing more protocols for understanding the possible roles of biochemicals, antioxidants, antioxidant enzymes, and their interactions in the regulation of flower development in different date palm varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed R. H. A. Al Shamsi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
- Northern Area Manager in Agriculture Affairs—Technical Services, Agricultural Extension Section, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gabriel A. Rabert
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
- PG & Research Department of Botany, A.V.C. College (Autonomous—Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai 609 305, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shyam S. Kurup
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Abdul Muhsen Alyafei
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (S.R.H.A.A.S.); (G.A.R.); (S.S.K.); (M.A.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ali-dinar H, Mohammed M, Munir M. Effects of Pollination Interventions, Plant Age and Source on Hormonal Patterns and Fruit Set of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Horticulturae 2021; 7:427. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Date palm is widely propagated through conventional offshoots. It is also produced through a tissue culture technique due to the limited number of offshoots produced throughout the course of a palm’s life. Being dioecious, it is a cross-pollinated tree that can be naturally or artificially pollinated. Tissue-cultured plants often have abnormal epigenetic or genetic changes that affect specific phenotypic characteristics. The growth of parthenocarpic fruits in date palms is mostly induced by hormonal imbalances in certain tissues. The major hormones in parthenocarpic fruits are auxins (IAA), gibberellins (GA3), and abscisic acid (ABA). Parthenocarpic, or abnormal fruit development, is an undesirable trait for date palm growers since it drastically reduces farm income. The current study was therefore conducted over two seasons to confirm previous observations and included conventional offshoot-derived trees (CO) and tissue culture-derived ones (TC) of the cultivar Barhee. According to the observed ratio of the fruiting abnormalities, two date palm tree ages were selected, i.e., 6 and 13 years. Two pollination interventions were used: pollination of naturally open female spathes (NOP) and pollination of forced open female spathes (FOP). Plant hormones, IAA, GA3, and ABA were identified just before pollination and at specific intervals after pollination for up to 85 days. The ratio of the abnormal fruit set was identified 5 days after pollination. Significant differences were observed in hormonal levels between tree ages as well as between tree propagation sources. Young TC trees (6-year-old) had high abnormal fruit sets compared to CO date palm trees that were the same age. During the early fruit growth and development phases, CO date palms had much higher amounts of IAA and GA3 than TC date palms. However, ABA concentrations were surprisingly higher in the TC trees during the early fruit growth stages, while it immediately decreased after pollination in the CO date palms. The ratio of abnormal fruits was significantly reduced in the 13-year-old TC date palms, and no differences were observed compared to the CO ones. The levels of IAA, GA3, and ABA hormones in both young and old date palms derived through CO or TC followed similar patterns. The critical observations regarding the ABA pattern in the old TC date palms (13-year-old) gradually dropped after pollination, which was identical to the CO ones, whereas it was the opposite in the young 6-year-old TC date palm plants.
Collapse
|
4
|
Purayil FT, Robert GA, Gothandam KM, Kurup SS, Subramaniam S, Cheruth AJ. Genetic variability in selected date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars of United Arab Emirates using ISSR and DAMD markers. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:109. [PMID: 29430370 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine (9) different date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars from UAE, which differ in their flower timings were selected to determine the polymorphism and genetic relationship between these cultivars. Hereditary differences and interrelationships were assessed utilizing inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and directed amplification of minisatellite DNA region (DAMD) primers. Analysis on eight DAMD and five ISSR markers produced total of 113 amplicon including 99 polymorphic and 14 monomorphic alleles with a polymorphic percentage of 85.45. The average polymorphic information content for the two-marker system was almost similar (DAMD, 0.445 and ISSR, 0.459). UPGMA based clustering of DAMD and ISSR revealed that mid-season cultivars, Mkh (Khlas) and MB (Barhee) grouped together to form a subcluster in both the marker systems. The genetic similarity analysis followed by clustering of the cumulative data from the DAMD and ISSR resulted in two major clusters with two early-season cultivars (ENg and Ekn), two mid-season cultivars (MKh and MB) and one late-season cultivar (Lkhs) in cluster 1, cluster 2 includes two late-season cultivars, one early-season cultivar and one mid-season cultivar. The cluster analysis of both DAMD and ISSR marker revealed that, the patterns of variation between some of the tested cultivars were similar in both DNA marker systems. Hence, the present study signifies the applicability of DAMD and ISSR marker system in detecting genetic diversity of date palm cultivars flowering at different seasons. This may facilitate the conservation and improvement of date palm cultivars in the future.
Collapse
|
5
|
Karthishwaran K, Shamisi SOSOA, Kurup SS, Sakkir S, Cheruth AJ. Free-radical-scavenging and antioxidant capacities with special emphasis on enzyme activities and in vitro studies in Caralluma flava N. E. Br. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1379362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kandhan Karthishwaran
- Department of Aridland Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain , United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University,Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shyam Sreedhara Kurup
- Department of Aridland Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain , United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabitha Sakkir
- Terrestrial and Marine Biodiversity Sector, Wildlife Assessment and Conservation, Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Jaleel Cheruth
- Department of Aridland Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain , United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamad I, AbdElgawad H, Al Jaouni S, Zinta G, Asard H, Hassan S, Hegab M, Hagagy N, Selim S. Metabolic Analysis of Various Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Cultivars from Saudi Arabia to Assess Their Nutritional Quality. Molecules 2015. [PMID: 26225946 PMCID: PMC6331958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm is an important crop, especially in the hot-arid regions of the world. Date palm fruits have high nutritional and therapeutic value and possess significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. In this study, we performed bioactivity analyses and metabolic profiling of date fruits of 12 cultivars from Saudi Arabia to assess their nutritional value. Our results showed that the date extracts from different cultivars have different free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities. Moreover, the cultivars showed significant differences in their chemical composition, e.g., the phenolic content (10.4–22.1 mg/100 g DW), amino acids (37–108 μmol·g−1 FW) and minerals (237–969 mg/100 g DW). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation of the cultivars into four different groups. The first group consisted of the Sokary, Nabtit Ali cultivars, the second group of Khlas Al Kharj, Khla Al Qassim, Mabroom, Khlas Al Ahsa, the third group of Khals Elshiokh, Nabot Saif, Khodry, and the fourth group consisted of Ajwa Al Madinah, Saffawy, Rashodia, cultivars. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed clustering of date cultivars into two groups. The first cluster consisted of the Sokary, Rashodia and Nabtit Ali cultivars, and the second cluster contained all the other tested cultivars. These results indicate that date fruits have high nutritive value, and different cultivars have different chemical composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hamad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Aljouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, Bahri University, Khartoum 1660, Sudan.
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Soad Al Jaouni
- YAJ Prophatic Medicine Application, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.
| | - Sherif Hassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Aljouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Momtaz Hegab
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Beni-Suef, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Microbiology and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Aljouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia.
- Microbiology and Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|