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Wahab A, Muhammad M, Munir A, Abdi G, Zaman W, Ayaz A, Khizar C, Reddy SPP. Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Regulating Growth, Enhancing Productivity, and Potentially Influencing Ecosystems under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3102. [PMID: 37687353 PMCID: PMC10489935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with the roots of nearly all land-dwelling plants, increasing growth and productivity, especially during abiotic stress. AMF improves plant development by improving nutrient acquisition, such as phosphorus, water, and mineral uptake. AMF improves plant tolerance and resilience to abiotic stressors such as drought, salt, and heavy metal toxicity. These benefits come from the arbuscular mycorrhizal interface, which lets fungal and plant partners exchange nutrients, signalling molecules, and protective chemical compounds. Plants' antioxidant defence systems, osmotic adjustment, and hormone regulation are also affected by AMF infestation. These responses promote plant performance, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass production in abiotic stress conditions. As a result of its positive effects on soil structure, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration, AMF contributes to the maintenance of resilient ecosystems. The effects of AMFs on plant growth and ecological stability are species- and environment-specific. AMF's growth-regulating, productivity-enhancing role in abiotic stress alleviation under abiotic stress is reviewed. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms that drive AMF-plant interactions and their responses to abiotic stresses. AMF triggers plants' morphological, physiological, and molecular responses to abiotic stress. Water and nutrient acquisition, plant development, and abiotic stress tolerance are improved by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. In plants, AMF colonization modulates antioxidant defense mechanisms, osmotic adjustment, and hormonal regulation. These responses promote plant performance, photosynthetic efficiency, and biomass production in abiotic stress circumstances. AMF-mediated effects are also enhanced by essential oils (EOs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and phosphorus (P). Understanding how AMF increases plant adaptation and reduces abiotic stress will help sustain agriculture, ecosystem management, and climate change mitigation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have gained prominence in agriculture due to their multifaceted roles in promoting plant health and productivity. This review delves into how AMF influences plant growth and nutrient absorption, especially under challenging environmental conditions. We further explore the extent to which AMF bolsters plant resilience and growth during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahab
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Murad Muhammad
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Asma Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran;
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Chandni Khizar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of the Lahore, Lahore 51000, Pakistan;
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Koskey G, Mburu SW, Awino R, Njeru EM, Maingi JM. Potential Use of Beneficial Microorganisms for Soil Amelioration, Phytopathogen Biocontrol, and Sustainable Crop Production in Smallholder Agroecosystems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.606308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Smallholder agroecosystems play a key role in the world's food security providing more than 50% of the food produced globally. These unique agroecosystems face a myriad of challenges and remain largely unsupported, yet they are thought to be a critical resource for feeding the projected increasing human population in the coming years. The new challenge to increase food production through agricultural intensification in shrinking per capita arable lands, dwindling world economies, and unpredictable climate change, has led to over-dependence on agrochemical inputs that are often costly and hazardous to both human and animal health and the environment. To ensure healthy crop production approaches, the search for alternative ecofriendly strategies that best fit to the smallholder systems have been proposed. The most common and widely accepted solution that has gained a lot of interest among researchers and smallholder farmers is the use of biological agents; mainly plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) that provide essential agroecosystem services within a holistic vision of enhancing farm productivity and environmental protection. PGPMs play critical roles in agroecological cycles fundamental for soil nutrient amelioration, crop nutrient improvement, plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, biocontrol of pests and diseases, and water uptake. This review explores different research strategies involving the use of beneficial microorganisms, within the unique context of smallholder agroecosystems, to promote sustainable maintenance of plant and soil health and enhance agroecosystem resilience against unpredictable climatic perturbations.
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Ontivero RE, Voyron S, Allione LVR, Bianco P, Bianciotto V, Iriarte HJ, Lugo MA, Lumini E. Impact of land use history on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in arid soils of Argentinean farming fields. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5869666. [PMID: 32648900 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a key soil functional group, with an important potential to increase crop productivity and sustainable agriculture including food security. However, there is clear evidence that land uses, crop rotations and soil features affect the AMF diversity and their community functioning in many agroecosystems. So far, the information related to AMF biodiversity in ecosystems like the Argentinean Puna, an arid high plateau where plants experience high abiotic stresses, is still scarce. In this work, we investigated morphological and molecular AMF diversity in soils of native corn, bean and native potato Andean crops, under a familiar land use, in Chaupi Rodeo (Jujuy, Argentina), without agrochemical supplements but with different histories of crop rotation. Our results showed that AMF morphological diversity was not only high and variable among the three different crop soils but also complemented by Illumina MiSeq data. The multivariate analyses highlighted that total fungal diversity is significantly affected by the preceding crop plants and the rotation histories, more than from the present crop species, while AMF communities are significantly affected by preceding crop only in combination with the effect of nitrogen and calcium soil concentration. This knowledge will give useful information on appropriate familiar farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Emanuel Ontivero
- Grupo de Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), UNSL, Almirante Brown 907, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Samuele Voyron
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) and Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin (DiBIOS), Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Lucía V Risio Allione
- Grupo de Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Dasonomía, Facultad de Ingeniería en Cs. Agropecuarias (FICA), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ruta Provincial 55. D5730 Villa Mercedes, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Paolo Bianco
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) and Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin (DiBIOS), Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bianciotto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) and Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin (DiBIOS), Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Hebe J Iriarte
- Grupo de Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), UNSL, Almirante Brown 907, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mónica A Lugo
- Grupo de Micología, Diversidad e Interacciones Fúngicas (MICODIF), Área Ecología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas (IMIBIO)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), UNSL, Almirante Brown 907, D5700ANW San Luis, Argentina
| | - Erica Lumini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-CNR) and Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin (DiBIOS), Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Turin, Italy
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Microbial Community Changes in the Rhizosphere Soil of Healthy and Rusty Panax ginseng and Discovery of Pivotal Fungal Genera Associated with Rusty Roots. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8018525. [PMID: 32016120 PMCID: PMC6985933 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8018525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, is severely threatened by rusty root, a condition that greatly affects its yield and quality. Studies investigating the relationship between soil microbial community composition and rusty roots are vital for the production of high-quality ginseng. Here, high-throughput sequencing was employed to systematically characterize changes in the soil microbial community associated with rusty roots. Fungal diversity was lower in the soils of rusty root-affected P. ginseng than in those of healthy plants. Importantly, principal coordinate analysis separated the fungal communities in the rhizosphere soils of rusty root-affected ginseng from those of healthy plants. The dominant bacterial and fungal genera differed significantly between rhizosphere soils of healthy and rusty root-affected P. ginseng, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) further indicated a strong imbalance in the soil microbial community of diseased plants. Significantly enriched bacterial genera (including Rhodomicrobium, Knoellia, Nakamurella, Asticcacaulis, and Actinomadura) were mainly detected in the soil of rusty root-affected P. ginseng, whereas significantly enriched fungal genera (including Xenopolyscytalum, Arthrobotrys, Chalara, Cryptococcus, and Scutellinia) were primarily detected in the soil of healthy plants. Importantly, five fungal genera (Cylindrocarpon, Acrophialophora, Alternaria, Doratomyces, and Fusarium) were significantly enriched in the soil of rusty root-affected plants compared with that of healthy plants, suggesting that an increase in the relative abundance of these pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Alternaria, and Fusarium) may be associated with ginseng rusty roots. Additionally, this study is the first to report that an increase in the relative abundances of Acrophialophora and Doratomyces in the rhizosphere of P. ginseng may be associated with the onset of rusty root symptoms in this plant. Our findings provide potentially useful information for developing biological control strategies against rusty root, as well as scope for future screening of fungal pathogens in rusty roots of P. ginseng.
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Spore Density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi is Fostered by Six Years of a No-Till System and is Correlated with Environmental Parameters in a Silty Loam Soil. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Koskey G, Mburu SW, Njeru EM, Kimiti JM, Ombori O, Maingi JM. Potential of Native Rhizobia in Enhancing Nitrogen Fixation and Yields of Climbing Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Contrasting Environments of Eastern Kenya. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:443. [PMID: 28408912 PMCID: PMC5374200 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climbing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Kenya is greatly undermined by low soil fertility, especially in agriculturally prolific areas. The use of effective native rhizobia inoculants to promote nitrogen fixation could be beneficial in climbing bean production. In this study, we carried out greenhouse and field experiments to evaluate symbiotic efficiency, compare the effect of native rhizobia and commercial inoculant on nodulation, growth and yield parameters of mid-altitude climbing bean (MAC 13 and MAC 64) varieties. The greenhouse experiment included nine native rhizobia isolates, a consortium of native isolates, commercial inoculant Biofix, a mixture of native isolates + Biofix, nitrogen treated control and a non-inoculated control. In the field experiments, the treatments included the best effective native rhizobia isolate ELM3, a consortium of native isolates, a commercial inoculant Biofix, a mixture of native isolates + Biofix, and a non-inoculated control. Remarkably, four native rhizobia isolates ELM3, ELM4, ELM5, and ELM8 showed higher symbiotic efficiencies compared to the Biofix. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in symbiotic efficiency between the two climbing bean varieties. Field results demonstrated a significant improvement in nodule dry weight and seed yields of MAC 13 and MAC 64 climbing bean varieties upon rhizobia inoculation when compared to the non-inoculated controls. Inoculation with ELM3 isolate resulted to the highest seed yield of 4,397.75 kg ha-1, indicating 89% increase over non-inoculated control (2,334.81 kg ha-1) and 30% increase over Biofix (3,698.79 kg ha-1). Farm site significantly influenced nodule dry weight and seed yields. This study, therefore, revealed the potential of native rhizobia isolates to enhance delivery of agroecosystem services including nitrogen fixation and bean production. Further characterization and mapping of the native isolates will be imperative in development of effective and affordable commercial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Koskey
- Department of Microbiology, Kenyatta UniversityNairobi, Kenya
| | - Simon W. Mburu
- Department of Microbiology, Kenyatta UniversityNairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Jacinta M. Kimiti
- Department of Forestry and Land Resources Management, South Eastern Kenya UniversityKitui, Kenya
| | - Omwoyo Ombori
- Department of Plant Sciences, Kenyatta UniversityNairobi, Kenya
| | - John M. Maingi
- Department of Microbiology, Kenyatta UniversityNairobi, Kenya
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