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Gasmi A, Asghar F, Zafar S, Oliinyk P, Khavrona O, Lysiuk R, Peana M, Piscopo S, Antonyak H, Pen JJ, Lozynska I, Noor S, Lenchyk L, Muhammad A, Vladimirova I, Dub N, Antoniv O, Tsal O, Upyr T, Bjørklund G. Berberine: Pharmacological Features in Health, Disease and Aging. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1214-1234. [PMID: 36748808 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230207112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is the main active compound of different herbs and is defined as an isoquinoline quaternary botanical alkaloid found in barks and roots of numerous plants. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects. Berberine has antibacterial activity against a variety of microbiota, including many bacterial species, protozoa, plasmodia, fungi, and trypanosomes. OBJECTIVE This review describes the role of berberine and its metabolic effects. It also discusses how it plays a role in glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, weight loss, how it modulates the gut microbiota, and what are its antimicrobial properties along with its potential side effects with maximal tolerable dosage. METHODS Representative studies were considered and analyzed from different scientific databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, for the years 1982-2022. RESULTS Literature analysis shows that berberine affects many biochemical and pharmacological pathways that theoretically yield a positive effect on health and disease. Berberine exhibits neuroprotective properties in various neurodegenerative and neuropsychological ailments. Despite its low bioavailability after oral administration, berberine is a promising tool for several disorders. A possible hypothesis would be the modulation of the gut microbiome. While the evidence concerning the aging process in humans is more limited, preliminary studies have shown positive effects in several models. CONCLUSION Berberine could serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of several diseases. Previous literature has provided a basis for scientists to establish clinical trials in humans. However, for obesity, the evidence appears to be sufficient for hands-on use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Farah Asghar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zafar
- Department of Research, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Khavrona
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Halyna Antonyak
- Department of Ecology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Joeri J Pen
- Diabetes Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nutrition, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Iryna Lozynska
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Sadaf Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Research, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Akram Muhammad
- Department of Research, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Inna Vladimirova
- Department of Research, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalia Dub
- Andrei Krupynskyi Lviv Medical Academy, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Antoniv
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Tsal
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Taras Upyr
- Department of Research, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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Liu YF, Wang HH, Geng YH, Han L, Tu SH, Wang H. Advances of berberine against metabolic syndrome-associated kidney disease: Regarding effect and mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1112088. [PMID: 36814494 PMCID: PMC9939707 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is drastically growing worldwide, resulting in MetS-associated kidney disease. According to traditional theories, preventing blood pressure, lipid, glycose, and obesity and improving insulin resistance (IR), a couple of medications are required for MetS. It not only lowers patients' compliance but also elevates adverse reactions. Accordingly, we attempted to seek answers from complementary and alternative medicine. Ultimately, berberine (BBR) was chosen due to its efficacy and safety on MetS through multi-pathways and multi-targets. The effects and mechanisms of BBR on obesity, IR, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia were elaborated. In addition, the overall properties of BBR and interventions for various kidney diseases were also collected. However, more clinical trials are expected to further identify the beneficial effects of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yin-Hong Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng-Hao Tu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Nephrology Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Nguyen HT, Pham TN, Le AT, Thuy NT, Huy TQ, Nguyen TTT. Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:641-652. [PMID: 35923171 PMCID: PMC9296985 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the preparation of berberine (BBR) in nanoformulation to enhance its solubility and increase its antibacterial effectiveness against hospital-acquired infections. BBR nanoparticles (BBR NPs) were formed by antisolvent precipitation (ASP) using glycerol as a safe organic solvent. UV-vis absorption spectra demonstrated that the solubility of BBR NPs was greatly enhanced compared to that of pure BBR. Glycerol played a role as a stabilizer for BBR NPs through the formation of hydrogen bonds between glycerol and BBR NPs. The prepared BBR NPs have a narrow size distribution with an average diameter of 156 nm at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, measured by dynamic light scattering. After nanoformulation, the concentration of BBR NPs could reach up to 5.0 mg/mL, which is much higher than the saturation concentration without treatment. Results show a strongly enhanced antibacterial activity of BBR NPs compared with that of pure BBR at the same concentration. The minimum bactericidal concentration of BBR NPs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was found to be 2.0 and 5.0 mg/mL, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that BBR NPs surrounded the bacterial cells and severely damaged the cell walls. Therefore, BBR NPs prepared by ASP appear to be a potential candidate for the treatment of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Thi Nguyen
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Tuyet Nhung Pham
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Anh-Tuan Le
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | | | - Tran Quang Huy
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
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Mangiferin Ameliorates HFD-Induced NAFLD through Regulation of the AMPK and NLRP3 Inflammasome Signal Pathways. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:4084566. [PMID: 34734090 PMCID: PMC8560285 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4084566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to glycolipid metabolism and liver inflammation. And there is no effective drug approved for its clinical therapy. In this study, we focused on mangiferin (Man) and explored its effects and mechanisms on NAFLD treatment based on the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory in vivo and in vitro. The results exhibited that Man can significantly attenuate liver injury, insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced NAFLD mice and significantly reduce fat accumulation and inflammation in hepatic tissue of NAFLD mice. The transcriptome level RNA-seq analysis showed that the significantly different expression genes between the Man treatment group and the HFD-induced NAFLD model group were mainly related to regulation of energy, metabolism, and inflammation in liver tissue. Furthermore, western blots, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry experiments confirmed that Man significantly activated the AMPK signal pathway and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in NAFLD mice. In in vitro cell experiments, we further confirmed that Man can promote glucose consumption and reduce intracellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation induced by free fatty acids in HepG2 cells and further that it can be blocked by AMPK-specific inhibitors. Western blot results showed that Man upregulated p-AMPKα levels and exhibited a significant AMPK activation effect, which was blocked by compound C. At the same time, Man downregulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, alleviating cell pyroptosis and inflammation effects. These results indicate that Man anti-NAFLD activity is mediated through its regulation of glucolipid metabolism by AMPK activation and its anti-inflammatory effects by NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Our study indicates that Man is a promising prodrug for the therapy of NAFLD patients.
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Wang C, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Jin H, Zuo Z, Wang A, Huang J, Jiang J, Kong W. Berberine and Its Main Metabolite Berberrubine Inhibit Platelet Activation Through Suppressing the Class I PI3Kβ/Rasa3/Rap1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734603. [PMID: 34690771 PMCID: PMC8531212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Berberine (BBR), a natural product, was reported to inhibit platelet aggregation; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of BBR in inhibiting platelet activation and thrombus formation. Methods: Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used to determine the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of BBR and its main metabolite berberrubine (M2) on platelet activation in vitro and ex vivo. Purified integrin αIIbβ3, class I PI3K kit, and molecular docking were used to identify the possible targets of BBR and M2. A carrageenan-induced mouse thrombosis model was used to evaluate the effects of BBR on thrombus formation in vivo. Results: In vitro, BBR and M2 significantly inhibited ADP-induced integrin αIIbβ3 activation, reduced the level of P-selectin on the platelet membrane, and suppressed the binding of fibrinogen to the platelets. In this process, BBR and M2 greatly suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibited Rasa3 membrane translocation and Rap1 activation. Furthermore, BBR and M2 selectively inhibited class I PI3Kβ, perhaps through binding to its active site. The activities of BBR were stronger than those of M2. After oral administration, BBR significantly inhibited the PI3K/Akt pathway and Rap1 activation and suppressed ADP-induced platelet activation and carrageenan-induced thrombosis in mice without prolonging bleeding time. Conclusions: We reveal for the first time the possible targets and mechanisms of BBR and M2 in inhibiting platelet activation. Our research may support the future clinical application of BBR as an antiplatelet drug in the prevention or treatment of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cheng
- Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhang
- Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zengyan Zuo
- Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Virology and NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Guo F, Xu S, Zhu Y, Zheng X, Lu Y, Tu J, He Y, Jin L, Li Y. PPARγ Transcription Deficiency Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Induced Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1285. [PMID: 32973516 PMCID: PMC7466717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the role of the PPARγ transcriptional activity remains ambiguous in its metabolic regulation. Methods Based on the crystal structure of PPARγ bound with the DNA target of PPARγ response element (PPRE), Arg134, Arg135, and Arg138, three crucial DNA binding sites for PPARγ, were mutated to alanine (3RA), respectively. In vitro AlphaScreen assay and cell-based reporter assay validated that PPARγ 3RA mutant cannot bind with PPRE and lost transcriptional activity, while can still bind ligand (rosiglitazone) and cofactors (SRC1, SRC2, and NCoR). By using CRISPR/Cas9, we created mice that were heterozygous for PPARγ-3RA (PPARγ3RA/+). The phenotypes of chow diet and high-fat diet fed PPARγ3RA/+ mice were investigated, and the molecular mechanism were analyzed by assessing the PPARγ transcriptional activity. Results Homozygous PPARγ-3RA mutant mice are embryonically lethal. The mRNA levels of PPARγ target genes were significantly decreased in PPARγ3RA/+ mice. PPARγ3RA/+ mice showed more severe adipocyte hypertrophy, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis than wild type mice when fed with high-fat diet. These phenotypes were ameliorated after the transcription activity of PPARγ was restored by rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist. Conclusion The current report presents a novel mouse model for investigating the role of PPARγ transcription in physiological functions. The data demonstrate that the transcriptional activity plays an indispensable role for PPARγ in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuangshuang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jui Tu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ying He
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lihua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Lin H, Teng H, Wu W, Li Y, Lv G, Huang X, Yan W, Lin Z. Pharmacokinetic and metabolomic analyses of Mangiferin calcium salt in rat models of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:59. [PMID: 32762728 PMCID: PMC7409647 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-00438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver is one of the most common comorbidities of diabetes. It can cause disturbance of glucose and lipid metabolism in the body, gradually develop into liver fibrosis, and even cause liver cirrhosis. Mangiferin has a variety of pharmacological activities, especially for the improvement of glycolipid metabolism and liver injury. However, its poor oral absorption and low bioavailability limit its further clinical development and application. The modification of mangiferin derivatives is the current research hotspot to solve this problem. Methods The plasma pharmacokinetic of mangiferin calcium salt (MCS) and mangiferin were monitored by HPLC. The urine metabolomics of MCS were conducted by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters of MCS have been varied, and the oral absorption effect of MCS was better than mangiferin. Also MCS had a good therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes and NAFLD rats by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Sixteen potential biomarkers had been identified based on metabolomics which were related to the corresponding pathways including Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, citric acid cycle, arginine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, etc. Conclusions The present study validated the favorable pharmacokinetic profiles of MCS and the biochemical mechanisms of MCS in treating type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Houlei Teng
- Changzhou Deze Drug Research Co., Ltd, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Changzhou Deze Drug Research Co., Ltd, Changzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guangfu Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenhao Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Phospholipid complex-loaded self-assembled phytosomal soft nanoparticles: evidence of enhanced solubility, dissolution rate, ex vivo permeability, oral bioavailability, and antioxidant potential of mangiferin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:1056-1083. [PMID: 32696222 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, self-assembled phytosomal soft nanoparticles encapsulated with phospholipid complex (MPLC SNPs) using a combination of solvent evaporation and nanoprecipitation method were developed to enhance the biopharmaceutical and antioxidant potential of MGN. The mangiferin-Phospholipon® 90H complex (MPLC) was produced by the solvent evaporation method and optimized using central composite design (CCD). The optimized MPLC was converted into MPLC SNPs using the nanoprecipitation method. The physicochemical and functional characterization of MPLC and MPLC SNPs was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), solubility, in vitro dissolution, oral bioavailability, and in vivo antioxidant studies. A CCD formed stable MPLC with the optimal values of 1:1.76, 50.55 °C, and 2.02 h, respectively. Characterization studies supported the formation of a complex. MPLC and MPLC SNPs both enhanced the aqueous solubility (~ 32-fold and ~ 39-fold), dissolution rate around ~ 98% via biphasic release pattern, and permeation rate of ~ 97%, respectively, compared with MGN and MGN SNPs. Liver function tests and in vivo antioxidant studies exhibited that MPLC SNPs significantly preserved the CCl4-intoxicated liver marker and antioxidant marker enzymes, compared with MGN SNPs. The oral bioavailability of MPLC SNPs was increased appreciably up to ~ 10-fold by increasing the main pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, and AUC. Thus, MPLC SNPs could be engaged as a nanovesicle delivery system for improving the biopharmaceutical and antioxidant potential of MGN. Graphical abstract.
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Ren G, Guo JH, Qian YZ, Kong WJ, Jiang JD. Berberine Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in HepG2 Cells Through AMPKα1 Activation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32457629 PMCID: PMC7225256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study is designed to investigate whether or not AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) is required for natural product berberine (BBR) to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. Methods AMPKα1 knocked-out (KO, AMPKα1-/-) cells were obtained by co-transfection of the CRISPR/Cas9 KO and HDR (homology-directed repair) plasmid into HepG2 cells, as well as subsequent screen with puromycin. The expression levels of target proteins or mRNAs were determined by western blot or real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Cellular AMPK activity, glucose consumption, lactate release, glucose production, and lipid accumulation were determined by kits. Results The results showed that the AMPKα1 gene was successfully KO in HepG2 cells. In AMPKα1-/- cells, the protein expression of AMPKα1 and phosphorylated-AMPKα1 (p-AMPKα1) disappeared, the level of total AMPKα declined to about 45–50% of wild type (p < 0.01), while p-AMPKα level and AMPK activity were reduced to less than 10% of wild type (p < 0.001). BBR increased p-AMPKα1, p-AMPKα, AMPK activity, and stimulated glucose consumption, lactate release, inhibited glucose production in wild type HepG2 cells (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). BBR also reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression of lipogenic genes in oleic acid (OA) treated wild type HepG2 cells (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In AMPKα1-/- HepG2 cells, the stimulating effects of BBR on p-AMPKα1, p-AMPKα, AMPK activity, and its improving effects on glucose and lipid metabolism were completely abolished. Conclusion Our study proves that AMPKα1 plays a critical role for BBR to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. Our results will provide new information to further understand the molecular mechanisms of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ren
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Qian
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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The Quest to Enhance the Efficacy of Berberine for Type-2 Diabetes and Associated Diseases: Physicochemical Modification Approaches. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8040090. [PMID: 32325761 PMCID: PMC7235753 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine is a quaternary isoquinoline alkaloid that has been isolated from numerous plants which are still in use today as medicine and herbal supplements. The great deal of enthusiasm for intense research on berberine to date is based on its diverse pharmacological effects via action on multiple biological targets. Its poor bioavailability resulting from low intestinal absorption coupled with its efflux by the action of P-glycoprotein is, however, the major limitation. In this communication, the chemical approach of improving berberine's bioavailability and pharmacological efficacy is scrutinised with specific reference to type-2 diabetes and associated diseases such as hyperlipidaemia and obesity. The application of modern delivery systems, research from combination studies to preparation of berberine structural hybrids with known biologically active compounds (antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant), as well as synthesis approaches of berberine derivative are presented. Improvement of bioavailability and efficacy through in vitro and ex vivo transport studies, as well as animal models of bioavailability/efficacy in lipid metabolism and diabetes targets are discussed.
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Yang D, Cao J, Jiao L, Yang S, Zhang L, Lu Y, Du G. Solubility and Stability Advantages of a New Cocrystal of Berberine Chloride with Fumaric Acid. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8283-8292. [PMID: 32309739 PMCID: PMC7161028 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BBC is a drug with a variety of activities but poor solubility. Cocrystal technology is an effective method to improve the solubility and stability of this type of compound. In this work, the cocrystal of BBC with fumaric acid was obtained at a stoichiometric ratio of 2:1. Studies on stabilities and solubilities were carried out using BBC dihydrate and tetrahydrate as reference materials. Results showed that this new cocrystal did not only significantly improve the dissolution rate of BBC but also highly improved the stability in high humidity and temperature. Given that the cocrystals formed by BBC as the host molecule were few, different techniques were applied for characterization and structural analyses. Moreover, theoretical calculations were performed on weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, which provided the research data for the study of this kind of cocrystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Yang
- Beijing City Key
Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs,
Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junzi Cao
- Beijing City Key
Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs,
Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lingtai Jiao
- Beijing City Key
Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs,
Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shiying Yang
- Beijing City Key
Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs,
Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing City Key
Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs,
Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing City Key
Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Center of Pharmaceutical Polymorphs,
Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Target
and Screening Research, National Center for Pharmaceutical Screening,
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Razura-Carmona FF, Pérez-Larios A, González-Silva N, Herrera-Martínez M, Medina-Torres L, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Sánchez-Burgos JA. Mangiferin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles: Optical Characterization, Effect of Anti-topoisomerase I, and Cytotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1965. [PMID: 31817789 PMCID: PMC6966478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin is an important xanthone compound presenting various biological activities. The objective of this study was to develop, characterize physicochemical properties, and evaluate the anti-topoisomerase activity of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles containing mangiferin. The nanoparticles were developed by the emulsion solvent evaporation method and the optimal formulation was obtained with a response surface methodology (RSM); this formulation showed a mean size of 176.7 ± 1.021 nm with a 0.153 polydispersibility index (PDI) value, and mangiferin encapsulation efficiency was about 55%. The optimal conditions (6000 rpm, 10 min, and 300 μg of mangiferin) obtained 77% and the highest entrapment efficiency (97%). The in vitro release profile demonstrated a gradual release of mangiferin from 15 to 180 min in acidic conditions (pH 1.5). The fingerprint showed a modification in the maximum absorption wavelength of both the polymer and the mangiferin. Results of anti-toposiomerase assay showed that the optimal formulation (MG4, 25 µg/mL) had antiproliferative activity. High concentrations (2500 µg/mL) of MG4 showed non-in vitro cytotoxic effect on BEAS 2B and HEPG2. Finally, this study showed an encapsulation process with in vitro gastric digestion resistance (1.5 h) and without interfering with the metabolism of healthy cells and their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fabian Razura-Carmona
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tepic, Laboratorio Integran de Investigación en Alimentos, Lagos del Country, Tepic CP 63175, Nayarit, Mexico; (F.F.R.-C.); (S.G.S.-A.)
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Larios
- Division of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University Center of the Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos CP 47620, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Napoleón González-Silva
- Division of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University Center of the Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos CP 47620, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Mayra Herrera-Martínez
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlán de Flores Magón CP 68540, Oaxaca, Mexico;
| | - Luis Medina-Torres
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. CP 04510, Mexico;
| | - Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tepic, Laboratorio Integran de Investigación en Alimentos, Lagos del Country, Tepic CP 63175, Nayarit, Mexico; (F.F.R.-C.); (S.G.S.-A.)
| | - Jorge Alberto Sánchez-Burgos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T. Tepic, Laboratorio Integran de Investigación en Alimentos, Lagos del Country, Tepic CP 63175, Nayarit, Mexico; (F.F.R.-C.); (S.G.S.-A.)
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13
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Vieira R, Souto SB, Sánchez-López E, Machado AL, Severino P, Jose S, Santini A, Fortuna A, García ML, Silva AM, Souto EB. Sugar-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome-Review of Classical and New Compounds: Part-I. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040152. [PMID: 31658729 PMCID: PMC6958392 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia together with disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fat, which in general results from an insulin availability and need imbalance. In a great number of patients, marketed anti-glycemic agents have shown poor effectiveness in maintaining a long-term glycemic control, thus being associated with severe adverse effects and leading to an emerging interest in natural compounds (e.g., essential oils and other secondary plant metabolites, namely, flavonoid-rich compounds) as a novel approach for prevention, management and/or treatment of either non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (T2DM, type 2 DM) and/or Metabolic Syndrome (MS). In this review, some of these promising glucose-lowering agents will be comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vieira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Selma B Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital São João, Prof. Alameda Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana López Machado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Patricia Severino
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine (LNMED), Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Aracaju 49010-390, Brazil.
- University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Industrial Biotechnology Program, Av. Murilo Dantas 300, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Sajan Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Cheruvandoor Campus, Ettumanoor, Kerala 686631, India.
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 49-80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CIBIT-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3 000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Amelia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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14
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Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Dludla PV, Roux C, Johnson R, Ghoor S, Joubert E, Louw J, Opoku AR, Muller CJF. Aspalathin-Enriched Green Rooibos Extract Reduces Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Modulating PI3K/AKT and AMPK Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030633. [PMID: 30717198 PMCID: PMC6387445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos extract (GRE) reversed palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle and 3T3-L1 fat cells by modulating key effectors of insulin signalling such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, the effect of GRE on hepatic insulin resistance is unknown. The effects of GRE on lipid-induced hepatic insulin resistance using palmitate-exposed C3A liver cells and obese insulin resistant (OBIR) rats were explored. GRE attenuated the palmitate-induced impairment of glucose and lipid metabolism in treated C3A cells and improved insulin sensitivity in OBIR rats. Mechanistically, GRE treatment significantly increased PI3K/AKT and AMPK phosphorylation while concurrently enhancing glucose transporter 2 expression. These findings were further supported by marked stimulation of genes involved in glucose metabolism, such as insulin receptor (Insr) and insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (Irs1 and Irs2), as well as those involved in lipid metabolism, including Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) following GRE treatment. GRE showed a strong potential to ameliorate hepatic insulin resistance by improving insulin sensitivity through the regulation of PI3K/AKT, FOXO1 and AMPK-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Candice Roux
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Samira Ghoor
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-Processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Andy R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
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15
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Yu B, Jiang JD, Kong WJ. Gastrodin Protects against Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells and Animal Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:670-679. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Can Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products and Function, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Products and Function, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Department of Virology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
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