1
|
Lara KEA, Linares JCC, Montilla JAP, Román PÁL. Factors influencing gait performance in older adults in a dual-task paradigm. GeroScience 2024; 46:3071-3083. [PMID: 38190081 PMCID: PMC11009214 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cognitive interference through a dual-task (DT) paradigm on gait parameters by sex or other predictive variables, such as physical fitness, health status, and cognition. A total of 125 older adults joined in this study (age, 72.42 ± 5.56 years old; 28 men and 97 women). The DT paradigm was evaluated through Comfortable Linear Gait (CLG) and Complex Gait Test (CGT). The gait parameters between single task (ST) vs. DT condition in men showed a significant reduction in speed (p < 0.001), cadence (p < 0.001), and step length (p = 0.049) and increased time to execute the CGT (p < 0.001), while women showed a decreased speed (p = 0.014), cadence (p < 0.001), and double support coefficient variation (CV) (p = 0.024) and increased single support time (p < 0.001) and CV step length (p < 0.05). In addition, women increased CGT time (p < 0.001). Furthermore, correlations between DT cost (DTC) cadence vs. Physical Activity for Elderly questionnaire (PASE) (r = - 0.399; p = 0.008), DTC single support vs. 30 s Sit to Stand Test (r = - 0.356; 0.016), DTC single support vs. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Learning curve (r = - 0.335; p = 0.023), DTC double support vs. 30 s Sit to Stand Test (r = - 0.590; p < 0.001), DTC CV step length vs. 30 s Sit to Stand (r = - 0.545; p = 0.003), and DTC CGT vs. 30 s Sit to Stand Test (r = - 0.377; p = 0.048) were found. The results of our study indicate that the gait parameters within the DT condition decreased speed and cadence, while increasing CV step length and CGT time, causing slower gait with shortened steps in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Elizabeth Andrade Lara
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, S/N.,, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - José Carlos Cabrera Linares
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, S/N.,, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Párraga Montilla
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, S/N.,, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pedro Ángel Latorre Román
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas, S/N.,, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pelicioni PH, Chan LL, Shi S, Wong K, Kark L, Okubo Y, Brodie MA. Impact of mobile phone use on accidental falls risk in young adult pedestrians. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18366. [PMID: 37701410 PMCID: PMC10493431 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phone use is known to be a distraction to pedestrians, increasing their likelihood of crossing into oncoming traffic or colliding with other people. However, the effect of using a mobile phone to text while walking on gait stability and accidental falls in young adults remains inconclusive. This study uses a 70 cm low friction slip hazard and the threat of hazard to investigate the effects of texting while walking on gait stability, the ability to recover balance after a slip hazard and accidental falls. Methods Fifty healthy young adults performed six walking tasks, and one seated texting task in random order. The walks were conducted over a 10-m walkway. Four progressive hazard levels were used: 1) Seated; 2) Normal Walk (walking across the walkway with no threat of a slip); 3) Threat (walking with the threat of a slip); and 4) Slip (walking with an actual 70 cm slip hazard). The three walking conditions were repeated twice with and without the mobile phone texting dual-task. Gait kinematics and trunk posture were recorded using wearable sensors attached to the head, trunk, pelvis and feet. Study outcomes were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with significance set to P≤.05. Results Mobile phone use significantly impaired postural balance recovery when slipping, as demonstrated by increased trunk sway. Mobile phone use negatively impacted gait stability as demonstrated by increased step time variability and decreased harmonic ratios. Increased hazard levels also led to reduced texting accuracy. Conclusions Using a mobile phone to text while walking may compete with locomotor tasks, threat assessment and postural balance control mechanisms, which leads to an increased risk of accidental falls in young adults. Pedestrians should therefore be discouraged through new educational and technology-based initiatives (for example a "texting lock" on detection of walking) from texting while walking on roadside footpaths and other environments where substantial hazards to safety exist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo H.S. Pelicioni
- School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, NSW 2052, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, 139 Barker Street Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Lloyd L.Y. Chan
- Neuroscience Research Australia, 139 Barker Street Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuotong Shi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Kenny Wong
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lauren Kark
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yoshiro Okubo
- Neuroscience Research Australia, 139 Barker Street Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Brodie
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington Campus, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guimarães V, Sousa I, de Bruin ED, Pais J, Correia MV. Minding your steps: a cross-sectional pilot study using foot-worn inertial sensors and dual-task gait analysis to assess the cognitive status of older adults with mobility limitations. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:329. [PMID: 37237278 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a critical aspect of our aging society. Yet, it receives inadequate intervention due to delayed or missed detection. Dual-task gait analysis is currently considered a solution to improve the early detection of cognitive impairment in clinical settings. Recently, our group proposed a new approach for the gait analysis resorting to inertial sensors placed on the shoes. This pilot study aimed to investigate the potential of this system to capture and differentiate gait performance in the presence of cognitive impairment based on single- and dual-task gait assessments. METHODS We analyzed demographic and medical data, cognitive tests scores, physical tests scores, and gait metrics acquired from 29 older adults with mobility limitations. Gait metrics were extracted using the newly developed gait analysis approach and recorded in single- and dual-task conditions. Participants were stratified into two groups based on their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) global cognitive scores. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences between groups, discrimination ability, and association of gait metrics with cognitive performance. RESULTS The addition of the cognitive task influenced gait performance of both groups, but the effect was higher in the group with cognitive impairment. Multiple dual-task costs, dual-task variability, and dual-task asymmetry metrics presented significant differences between groups. Also, several of these metrics provided acceptable discrimination ability and had a significant association with MoCA scores. The dual-task effect on gait speed explained the highest percentage of the variance in MoCA scores. None of the single-task gait metrics presented significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results show that the newly developed gait analysis solution based on foot-worn inertial sensors is a pertinent tool to evaluate gait metrics affected by the cognitive status of older adults relying on single- and dual-task gait assessments. Further evaluation with a larger and more diverse group is required to establish system feasibility and reliability in clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04587895).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Guimarães
- Fraunhofer Portugal AICOS, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Sousa
- Fraunhofer Portugal AICOS, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- OST - Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Joana Pais
- Neuroinova, Lda., Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Velhote Correia
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INESC TEC (Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Müller C, Baumann T, Einhäuser W, Kopiske K. Slipping while counting: gaze-gait interactions during perturbed walking under dual-task conditions. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:765-780. [PMID: 36725725 PMCID: PMC9985588 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Walking is a complex task. To prevent falls and injuries, gait needs to constantly adjust to the environment. This requires information from various sensory systems; in turn, moving through the environment continuously changes available sensory information. Visual information is available from a distance, and therefore most critical when negotiating difficult terrain. To effectively sample visual information, humans adjust their gaze to the terrain or-in laboratory settings-when facing motor perturbations. During activities of daily living, however, only a fraction of sensory and cognitive resources can be devoted to ensuring safe gait. How do humans deal with challenging walking conditions when they face high cognitive load? Young, healthy participants (N = 24) walked on a treadmill through a virtual, but naturalistic environment. Occasionally, their gait was experimentally perturbed, inducing slipping. We varied cognitive load by asking participants in some blocks to count backward in steps of seven; orthogonally, we varied whether visual cues indicated upcoming perturbations. We replicated earlier findings on how humans adjust their gaze and their gait rapidly and flexibly on various time scales: eye and head movements responded in a partially compensatory pattern and visual cues mostly affected eye movements. Interestingly, the cognitive task affected mainly head orientation. During the cognitive task, we found no clear signs of a less stable gait or of a cautious gait mode, but evidence that participants adapted their gait less to the perturbations than without secondary task. In sum, cognitive load affects head orientation and impairs the ability to adjust to gait perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Müller
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Baumann
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Einhäuser
- Physics of Cognition Group, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Karl Kopiske
- Cognitive Systems Lab, Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Str. 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferreira RN, Ribeiro NF, Figueiredo J, Santos CP. Provoking Artificial Slips and Trips towards Perturbation-Based Balance Training: A Narrative Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9254. [PMID: 36501958 PMCID: PMC9740792 DOI: 10.3390/s22239254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Humans' balance recovery responses to gait perturbations are negatively impacted with ageing. Slip and trip events, the main causes preceding falls during walking, are likely to produce severe injuries in older adults. While traditional exercise-based interventions produce inconsistent results in reducing patients' fall rates, perturbation-based balance training (PBT) emerges as a promising task-specific solution towards fall prevention. PBT improves patients' reactive stability and fall-resisting skills through the delivery of unexpected balance perturbations. The adopted perturbation conditions play an important role towards PBT's effectiveness and the acquisition of meaningful sensor data for studying human biomechanical reactions to loss of balance (LOB) events. Hence, this narrative review aims to survey the different methods employed in the scientific literature to provoke artificial slips and trips in healthy adults during treadmill and overground walking. For each type of perturbation, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to identify trends regarding the most adopted perturbation methods, gait phase perturbed, gait speed, perturbed leg, and sensor systems used for data collection. The reliable application of artificial perturbations to mimic real-life LOB events may reduce the gap between laboratory and real-life falls and potentially lead to fall-rate reduction among the elderly community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael N. Ferreira
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Ferrete Ribeiro
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- MIT Portugal Program, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina P. Santos
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Influence of Cell Phone Usage on Dynamic Stability of the Body During Walking. J Appl Biomech 2022; 38:365-372. [PMID: 36180043 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2021-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual-task walking and cell phone usage, which is associated with high cognitive load and reduced situational awareness, can increase risk of a collision, a fall event, or death. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of dual-task cell phone talking, texting, and reading while walking on spatiotemporal gait parameters; minimum foot clearance; and dynamic stability of the lower limb joints, trunk, and head. Nineteen healthy male participants walked on an instrumented treadmill at their self-selected speed as well as walking while simultaneously (1) reading on a cell phone, (2) texting, and (3) talking on a cell phone. Gait analyses were performed using an optical motion analysis system, and dynamic stability was calculated using the Maximum Lyapunov Exponent. Dual-task cell phone usage had a significant destabilizing influence on the lower limb joints during walking. Cell phone talking while walking significantly increased step width and length and decreased minimum foot clearance height (P < .05). The findings suggest that dual-task walking and cell phone conversation may present a greater risk of a fall event than texting or reading. This may be due to the requirements for more rapid information processing and cognitive demand at the expense of motor control of joint stability.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jaiswal PR, Lakhwani MG, Phansopkar PA. Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation of a Patient With a Comminuted Displaced Iliac Fracture and Superior and Inferior Pubic Rami Fractures: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e28709. [PMID: 36204029 PMCID: PMC9527187 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
8
|
Fukuda S, Oda H, Kawasaki T, Sawaguchi Y, Matsuoka M, Tsujinaka R, Hiraoka K. Responses of stance leg muscles induced by support surface translation during gait. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10470. [PMID: 36097487 PMCID: PMC9463582 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the presence of the muscle responses to the support surface translation in the stance leg during gait and examined the effect of the direction and time point of the translation and that of the cognitive process on the responses. The rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), soleus (SOL), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in the stance leg were tested. There was no significant effect of cognitive process on the electromyographic (EMG) activity induced by the translation of the support surface. In all muscles except the SOL, the EMG amplitude increased 0–300 ms after the support surface translation at the initial stance (IS) or middle stance (MS) of the tested leg. This means that the EMG activity in the leg muscles other than the SOL occurs after the support surface translation at the IS or MS no matter the direction of the translation. The EMG amplitude was not changed after the translation at the late stance, indicating that the translation does not influence the EMG amplitude at the double limb support phase with the tested leg behind the other. In the SOL, the EMG amplitude increased after the backward translation at the IS and after the forward translation at the MS, but decreased after the forward translation at the IS, indicating that the support surface translation-induced change in the EMG amplitude of the SOL is dependent on its direction. The change in the EMG amplitude of the TA and RF induced by the forward translation was greatest when the translation was given at the IS. In the SOL, the decrease in the EMG amplitude after the forward translation and the increase in the amplitude after the backward translation were greatest at the IS. Taken together, the change in the EMG amplitude induced by the support surface translation is greatest when the translation is given at the IS. The increase in the EMG amplitude in the TA and RF after the forward translation was greater than that after the backward translation at the IS, indicating that the EMG activity of the frontal leg muscles after the forward translation is greater when the translation is given at the IS.
Collapse
|
9
|
Monaghan AS, Johansson H, Torres A, Brewer GA, Peterson DS. The impact of divided attention on automatic postural responses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol 2022; 162:111759. [PMID: 35245641 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quick responses to a loss of balance or "automatic postural responses" (APRs) are critical for fall prevention. The addition of a distracting task- dual-tasking (DT), typically worsens performance on mobility tasks. However, the effect of DT on APRs is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses to examine the effects of DT on spatial, temporal, and neuromuscular components of APRs and the effect of DT on cognitive performance. A Meta-analysis of 19 cohorts (n = 329) showed significant worsening in spatial kinematic features of APRs under DT conditions (P = 0.01), and a meta-analysis of 9 cohorts (n = 123) demonstrated later muscle onset during DT (P = 0.003). No significant DT effect was observed for temporal kinematic outcomes in 18 cohorts (n = 328; P = 0.47). Finally, significant declines in cognitive performance were evident in 20 cohorts (n = 400; P = 0.002). These results indicate that, despite the somewhat reactive nature of APRs, the addition of a secondary task negatively impacts some aspects of the response. These findings underscore the importance of cortical structures in APR generation. Given the importance of APRs for falls, identifying aspects of APRs that are altered under DT may inform fall-prevention treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Monaghan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, N 5th St. Phoenix, AZ 85282, USA.
| | - Hanna Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alexis Torres
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Gene A Brewer
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Daniel S Peterson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, N 5th St. Phoenix, AZ 85282, USA; Phoenix VA Health Care Center, 650 E Indian School Rd, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim H, Fraser S. Neural correlates of dual-task walking in people with central neurological disorders: a systematic review. J Neurol 2022; 269:2378-2402. [PMID: 34989867 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with central neurological disorders experience difficulties with dual-task walking due to disease-related impairments. The objective of this review was to provide a comprehensive examination of the neural correlates (structural/functional brain changes) of dual-task walking in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted, following PRISMA guidelines, on Medline, Embase, and Scopus. Included studies examined the relationship between structural and functional brain imaging and dual-task walking performance in people with PD, MS, stroke, and AD. Articles that met the inclusion criteria had baseline characteristics, study design, and behavioral and brain outcomes extracted. Twenty-three studies were included in this review. RESULTS Most structural imaging studies (75%) found an association between decreased brain integrity and poor dual-task performance. Specific brain regions that showed this association include the striatum regions and hippocampus in PD and supplementary motor area in MS. Functional imaging studies reported an association between increased prefrontal activity and maintained (compensatory recruitment) or decreased dual-task walking performance in PD and stroke. A subset (n = 2) of the stroke papers found no significant correlations. Increased supplementary motor area activity was associated with decreased performance in MS and stroke. No studies on AD were identified. CONCLUSION In people with PD, MS, and stroke, several neural correlates of dual-task walking have been identified, however, the direction of the association between neural and performance outcomes varied across the studies. The type of cognitive task used and presentation modality (e.g., visual) may have contributed to these mixed findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejun Kim
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 7K4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Giraldo-Pedroza A, Lee WCC, Lam WK, Coman R, Alici G. A Wearable Biofeedback Device to Increase Gait Swing Time Could Have Positive Effects on Gait among Older Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:s22010102. [PMID: 35009646 PMCID: PMC8747130 DOI: 10.3390/s22010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Older adults walk with a shorter stride length, reduced hip range of motion (ROM) and higher cadence. These are signs of reductions in walking ability. This study investigated whether using a wireless smart insole system that monitored and provided biofeedback to encourage an extension of swing time could increase stride length and hip flexion, while reducing the cadence. Seven older adults were tested in this study, with and without the biofeedback device, in an outdoor environment. Gait analysis was performed by using GaitRite system and Xsens MVN. Repeated measures analysis demonstrated that with biofeedback, the swing time increased by 6.45%, stride length by 4.52% and hip flexion by 14.73%, with statistical significance. It also decreased the cadence significantly by 5.5%. This study has demonstrated that this smart insole system modified positively the studied gait parameters in older adults and has the potential to improve their walking ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Giraldo-Pedroza
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.G.-P.); (G.A.)
- Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Winson Chiu-Chun Lee
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.G.-P.); (G.A.)
- Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (W.C.-C.L.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Wing-Kai Lam
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing 101111, China
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.-C.L.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Robyn Coman
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Gursel Alici
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.G.-P.); (G.A.)
- Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kirby KM, Pillai S, Brouillette RM, Keller JN, De Vito AN, Bernstein JP, Van Gemmert AWA, Carmichael OT. Neuroimaging, Behavioral, and Gait Correlates of Fall Profile in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:630049. [PMID: 33679378 PMCID: PMC7935539 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.630049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has suggested that measurements of brain functioning and performance on dual tasks (tasks which require simultaneous performance) are promising candidate predictors of fall risk among older adults. However, no prior study has investigated whether brain function measurements during dual task performance could improve prediction of fall risks and whether the type of subtasks used in the dual task paradigm affects the strength of the association between fall characteristics and dual task performance. In this study, 31 cognitively normal, community-dwelling older adults provided a self-reported fall profile (number of falls and fear of falling), completed a gait dual task (spell a word backward while walking on a GaitRite mat), and completed a supine dual task (rhythmic finger tapping with one hand while completing the AX continuous performance task (AX-CPT) with the other hand) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Gait performance, AX-CPT reaction time and accuracy, finger tapping cadence, and brain functioning in finger-tapping-related and AX-CPT-related brain regions all showed declines in the dual task condition compared to the single task condition. Dual-task gait, AX-CPT and finger tapping performance, and brain functioning were all independent predictors of fall profile. No particular measurement domain stood out as being the most strongly associated measure with fall variables. Fall characteristics are determined by multiple factors; brain functioning, motor task, and cognitive task performance in challenging dual-task conditions all contribute to the risk of falling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystal M Kirby
- Fine Motor Control and Learning Laboratory (FMCL), School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,Biomedical Imaging Center, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sreekrishna Pillai
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Robert M Brouillette
- Institute for Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Keller
- Institute for Dementia Research and Prevention, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Alyssa N De Vito
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - John P Bernstein
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Arend W A Van Gemmert
- Fine Motor Control and Learning Laboratory (FMCL), School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Owen T Carmichael
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gait Analysis under Spatial Navigation Task in Elderly People-A Pilot Study. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21010270. [PMID: 33401584 PMCID: PMC7796419 DOI: 10.3390/s21010270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A decline in the Spatial Navigation (SN) abilities has been observed in the course of healthy aging. Walking is an inseparable part of the navigation process; however, research tasks overlook this aspect in studies involving seniors. The present study was designed to overcome this limitation by recording gait parameters during natural environment navigation and to determine gait indicators that most accurately assign the participants to the proper age category. Thirteen elderly (mean age = 69.1 ± 5.4 year) and sixteen young women (mean age = 21.5 ± 2.2 year) equipped with gait sensors were asked to learn a path while walking in a real building (Learning Phase), reproduce the path (Memory Phase) and reach targets after a 30 min delay (Delayed Phase). The Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that our self-developed Gait Style Change indicator, that is, the difference in the probability of feet landing between particular SN task phases, classified the participants into either the elderly or the young group with the highest accuracy (0.91). The second most important indicator, the Task-Related (step counts in each SN task phase), achieved the accuracy discrimination of 0.83. The gait indicators, comprising single gait parameters measured while navigating, might be considered as accurately differentiating older from younger people.
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of a Dual-Task Paradigm and Gait Velocity on Dynamic Gait Stability during Stair Descent. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10061979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Falls during stair negotiation have become one of the leading causes of accidental death. The effects of a concurrent cognitive or manual dual-task paradigm on dynamic gait stability remain uncertain. How much dynamic gait stability is influenced by gait velocity is also not clear. A total of 16 healthy young females descended a staircase under three different walking conditions: descend stairs only (single task), descend stairs while performing subtraction (cognitive dual-task), and descend stairs while carrying a glass of water (manual dual-task). An eight-camera Vicon motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate embedded into the third step of the staircase were used synchronously to collect kinematic and kinetic data. Gait velocity decreased and dynamic gait stability increased with both cognitive and manual dual-task conditions. The center of mass–center of pressure inclination angle increased with gait velocity but decreased with the manual dual-task condition compared to the single-task condition. Changes in gait velocity caused by the dual-task paradigm can partially explain the effects of dual-task dynamic gait stability. The influence of gait velocity should be considered in the assessment of dual-task effects.
Collapse
|
15
|
Park GY, Yeo SS, Kwon YC, Song HS, Lim YJ, Ha YM, Han SH, Oh S. Changes in Gait Parameters and Gait Variability in Young Adults during a Cognitive Task while Slope and Flat Walking. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8010030. [PMID: 32028651 PMCID: PMC7151225 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of a cognitive task while walking on a slope or a flat surface on gait parameters and gait variability in young adults. The participants consisted of thirty healthy young subjects. They were instructed to walk on a slope or on a flat surface while performing or not performing a cognitive task, which involved speaking a four-syllable word in reverse. A wearable inertia measurement unit (IMU) system was used to measure spatiotemporal parameters and gait variability. Flat gait (FG) while performing the cognitive task (FGC) and uphill gait (UG) while performing the cognitive task (UGC) significantly altered stride times, gait speeds, and cadence as compared with FG and UG, respectively. Downhill gait (DG) while performing the cognitive task (DGC) caused no significant difference as compared with DG. Gait variability comparisons showed no significant difference between UGC and UG or between FGC and FG, respectively. On the other hand, variabilities of stride times and gait speeds were significantly greater for DGC than DG. FGC and UGC induce natural changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters that enable the cognitive task to be performed safely. DGC should be regarded as high complexity tasks involving greater gait variability to reduce fall risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ga Young Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Korea;
| | - Sang Seok Yeo
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Korea; (S.S.Y.); (Y.C.K.); (H.S.S.); (Y.J.L.); (Y.M.H.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Young Chan Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Korea; (S.S.Y.); (Y.C.K.); (H.S.S.); (Y.J.L.); (Y.M.H.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Hyeong Seok Song
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Korea; (S.S.Y.); (Y.C.K.); (H.S.S.); (Y.J.L.); (Y.M.H.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Yu Jin Lim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Korea; (S.S.Y.); (Y.C.K.); (H.S.S.); (Y.J.L.); (Y.M.H.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Yu Mi Ha
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Korea; (S.S.Y.); (Y.C.K.); (H.S.S.); (Y.J.L.); (Y.M.H.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Seung Hee Han
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Korea; (S.S.Y.); (Y.C.K.); (H.S.S.); (Y.J.L.); (Y.M.H.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Seunghue Oh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam 330-714, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kwon Y, Kwon JW, Cho IH. The difference of gait characteristic according to the variety of dual tasks in young healthy adults. Work 2019; 63:33-38. [PMID: 31127742 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking in daily life is often accompanied by an attention-demanding task, which requires a different attentional load and external environments. Therefore, various gaits require complex and systematic interactions between several nervous systems, such as sensory association, cognitive functions, and the musculoskeletal system. OBJECTIVE Dual-task conditions during gait can affect the interaction between cognitive processing and motor behavior. This study investigated the effect of two types of cognitive dual tasks and one type of manual dual task (MDT) on kinematic and spatiotemporal parameters of gait in young healthy adults. METHODS We recruited 30 healthy young adults in this study. All participants performed normal gait, and two types of cognitive tasks (subtraction dual task, SDT; and working memory dual task, WMDT) and MDT (carrying a cup filled with water) during gait. This study assessed kinematic data during the stance and swing phases and spatiotemporal parameters. RESULTS MDT gait showed a significant decrement of hip-joint movement during the stance phase compared to the normal gait (p < 0.05). Stride velocity significantly decreased during SDT and WMDT gait compared with the normal gait (p < 0.05). MDT gait showed significant decrement of all spatiotemporal parameters of gait compared with normal gait (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We reported that MDT gait can induce decreased hip-joint motion during the stance phase and reduced all spatiotemporal parameters to maintain balance and reduce the risk of falling. Therefore, motor dual tasks while walking would be useful as an intervention strategy to rehabilitate or train people at risk for falling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyun Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - In Hee Cho
- Department of Clinical Science, Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|