1
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Seropian IM, Cassaglia P, Miksztowicz V, González GE. Unraveling the role of galectin-3 in cardiac pathology and physiology. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1304735. [PMID: 38170009 PMCID: PMC10759241 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1304735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein with multiple functions. Gal-3 regulates cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis by orchestrating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. It is implicated in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, and its expression is increased in patients with heart failure. In atherosclerosis, Gal-3 promotes monocyte recruitment to the arterial wall boosting inflammation and atheroma. In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the expression of Gal-3 increases in infarcted and remote zones from the beginning of AMI, and plays a critical role in macrophage infiltration, differentiation to M1 phenotype, inflammation and interstitial fibrosis through collagen synthesis. Genetic deficiency of Gal-3 delays wound healing, impairs cardiac remodeling and function after AMI. On the contrary, Gal-3 deficiency shows opposite results with improved remodeling and function in other cardiomyopathies and in hypertension. Pharmacologic inhibition with non-selective inhibitors is also protective in cardiac disease. Finally, we recently showed that Gal-3 participates in normal aging. However, genetic absence of Gal-3 in aged mice exacerbates pathological hypertrophy and increases fibrosis, as opposed to reduced fibrosis shown in cardiac disease. Despite some gaps in understanding its precise mechanisms of action, Gal-3 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the management of cardiac aging. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of Gal-3 in the pathophysiology of heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocarditis, and ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, we describe the physiological role of Gal-3 in cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M. Seropian
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Servicio de Hemodinamia, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Cassaglia
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Salud Comunitaria, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán E. González
- Laboratorio de Patología Cardiovascular Experimental e Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (UCA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto de Salud Comunitaria, Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Meira C, Silva J, Quadros H, Silva L, Barreto B, Rocha V, Bomfim L, Santos E, Soares M. Galectins in Protozoan Parasitic Diseases: Potential Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Cells 2023; 12:2671. [PMID: 38067100 PMCID: PMC10705098 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitute a group of diseases that generally develop in tropical or subtropical climatic conditions and are related to poverty. Within the spectrum of NTDs, diseases caused by protozoa such as malaria, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis exhibit elevated mortality rates, thereby constituting a substantial public health concern. Beyond their protozoan etiology, these NTDs share other similarities, such as the challenge of control and the lack of affordable, safe, and effective drugs. In view of the above, the need to explore novel diagnostic predictors and therapeutic targets for the treatment of these parasitic diseases is evident. In this context, galectins are attractive because they are a set of lectins bound to β-galactosides that play key roles in a variety of cellular processes, including host-parasite interaction such as adhesion and entry of parasites into the host cells, and participate in antiparasitic immunity in either a stimulatory or inhibitory manner, especially the galectins-1, -2, -3, and -9. These functions bestow upon galectins significant therapeutic prospects in the context of managing and diagnosing NTDs. Thus, the present review aims to elucidate the potential role of galectins in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis, and Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Meira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Jaqueline Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Helenita Quadros
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Laís Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Breno Barreto
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Larissa Bomfim
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Emanuelle Santos
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Milena Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 21040-900, Bahia, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.Q.); (L.S.); (B.B.); (V.R.); (L.B.)
- SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil;
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3
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Paganelli A, Diomede F, Marconi GD, Pizzicannella J, Rajan TS, Trubiani O, Paganelli R. Inhibition of LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response of Oral Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Presence of Galectin-3. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1519. [PMID: 37371614 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (GAL-3) is a beta-galactoside binding lectin produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and other cell sources under inflammatory conditions. Several studies have reported that GAL-3 exerts an anti-inflammatory action, regulated by its natural ligand GAL-3 BP. In the present study, we aimed to assess the GAL-3 mediated regulation of the MSC function in an LPS-induced inflammation setting. Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) were stimulated in vitro with LPSs; the expression of TLR4, NFκB p65, MyD88 and NALP3 were assessed in the hGMSCs via immunofluorescence imaging using confocal microscopy, Western blot assay, and RT-PCR before and after the addition of GAL-3, both alone and with the addition of its inhibitors. LPSs stimulated the expression of TLR4, NFκB p65, MyD88 and NALP3 in hGMSCs, which was inhibited by GAL-3. The addition of either GAL3-BP or the antibody to GAL-3 were able to revert the GAL-3-mediated effects, restoring the expression of TLR4, NFκB p65, MyD88 and NALP3. GAL-3 induces the downregulation of the LPS-induced inflammatory program in MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Paganelli
- PhD Course in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro, 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- Research and Development Unit, Theertha Biopharma Private Limited, KIADB, Industrial Area, Bommasandra, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore 560105, India
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Paganelli
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences (UniCamillus), 00131 Rome, Italy
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Chen F, Wu X, Yang J, Yu X, Liu B, Yan Z. Hippocampal Galectin-3 knockdown alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits by inhibiting TLR4/NF-кB signaling in aged mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jiang Q, Li J, Pan Y, Wang J, Yang J, Shen S, Hou Y. Melatonin-primed MSCs alleviate intrauterine adhesions by affecting MSC-expressed galectin-3 on macrophage polarization. Stem Cells 2022; 40:919-931. [PMID: 35866866 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is characterized by the presence of fibrosis on the uterine cavity. It is mainly caused by infection or trauma to the endometrium, and it imposes a great challenge to female reproductive health. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to regenerate the human endometrium in patients with IUA, but stem cell therapy is not curative in some patients. Melatonin (MT) was reported as a potential modulator of MSCs. However, it remains unclear whether MSCs pretreated with MT exert an improved therapeutic effect on IUA. In this study, an IUA model was established using our invented electric scratching tool. Our results illustrated that MT-pretreated MSCs significantly attenuated the development of IUA. Moreover, MT-pretreated MSCs highly expressed galectin-3 (Gal-3), which enhanced MSC proliferation and migration and influenced macrophage polarization. Of note, IUA mice exhibited colonic injury, and MT-pretreated MSCs alleviated this injury by normalizing colonic microbial communities and recruiting macrophages. Furthermore, inhibition of sympathetic nerves had no effect on IUA progression but delayed colonic injury, and Gal-3 combined with norepinephrine better promoted M2-like macrophage polarization and inhibited M1-like macrophage polarization. Together, these data indicated that MT-primed MSCs can ameliorate injury of both the uterus and colon in an IUA model through high Gal-3 expression to influence sympathetic nerves and in turn affect the polarization and recruitment of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingman Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sunan Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing 210093, China
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Chaves AT, Oliveira ALGD, Guimarães NS, Magalhães IC, Menezes CADS, Rocha MODC. Galectin-3 and fibrosis intensity in Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e45. [PMID: 35749417 PMCID: PMC9236203 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most prevalent type of myocarditis and the main clinical form of the Chagas disease, which has peculiarities such as focal inflammation, structural derangement, hypertrophy, dilation, and intense reparative fibrosis. Many cellular compounds contribute to CCC development. Galectin-3 is a partaker in inflammation and contributes to myocardial fibrosis formation. Some studies showed the connection between Galectin-3 and fibrosis in Chagas disease but are still inconclusive on the guidance for the early implementation of pharmacological therapy. This systematic review evaluated Galectin-3 as a biomarker for fibrosis intensity in CCC. Two independent reviewers have searched five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Lilacs), using the following search terms: galectin-3, biomarkers, fibrosis, Chagas cardiomyopathy, and Chagas disease. Overall, seven studies met the inclusion criteria and made up this review. There were four trials conducted through animal model experiments and three trials with humans. Experimental data in mice indicate an association between Galectin-3 expression and fibrosis in CCC (75% of studies). Data from human studies showed no direct connection between myocardial fibrosis and Galectin-3 expression (80% of studies). Thus, human findings do not provide significant evidence indicating that Galectin-3 is related to fibrosis formation in Chagas disease. Based on the analyzed studies, it is suggested that Galectin-3 might not be a good fibrosis marker in CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Thereza Chaves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Medicina Tropical e Doenças Infecciosas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Grossi de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Medicina Tropical e Doenças Infecciosas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Medicina Tropical e Doenças Infecciosas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Cristina Magalhães
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Medicina Tropical e Doenças Infecciosas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Alves da Silva Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Medicina Tropical e Doenças Infecciosas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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7
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Wang Y, Qi Z, Yan Z, Ji N, Yang X, Gao D, Hu L, Lv H, Zhang J, Li M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunomodulation: A Novel Intervention Mechanism in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:742088. [PMID: 35096808 PMCID: PMC8790228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.742088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the member of multipotency stem cells, which possess the capacity for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, and have several characteristics, including multi-lineage differentiation potential and immune regulation, which make them a promising source for cell therapy in inflammation, immune diseases, and organ transplantation. In recent years, MSCs have been described as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases because they are potent modulators of immune system with the ability to modulating immune cell subsets, coordinating local and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby enabling the formation of a stable inflammatory microenvironment in damaged cardiac tissues. In this review, the immunoregulatory characteristics and potential mechanisms of MSCs are sorted out, the effect of these MSCs on immune cells is emphasized, and finally the application of this mechanism in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is described to provide help for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwen Qi
- Institute of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Ji
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongjie Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Leilei Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Poncini CV, Benatar AF, Gomez KA, Rabinovich GA. Galectins in Chagas Disease: A Missing Link Between Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, Inflammation, and Tissue Damage. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:794765. [PMID: 35046919 PMCID: PMC8762303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan parasite causative agent of Chagas disease, affects about seven million people worldwide, representing a major global public health concern with relevant socioeconomic consequences, particularly in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the multiple roles of galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding proteins, in modulating both T. cruzi infection and immunoregulation. Specifically, we focus on galectin-driven circuits that link parasite invasion and inflammation and reprogram innate and adaptive immune responses. Understanding the dynamics of galectins and their β-galactoside-specific ligands during the pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and elucidating their roles in immunoregulation, inflammation, and tissue damage offer new rational opportunities for treating this devastating neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V. Poncini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica, Universidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F. Benatar
- Servicio de Citometría de Flujo, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A. Gomez
- Laboratorio de Biología e Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Seitz M, Köster C, Dzietko M, Sabir H, Serdar M, Felderhoff-Müser U, Bendix I, Herz J. Hypothermia modulates myeloid cell polarization in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:266. [PMID: 34772426 PMCID: PMC8590301 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal encephalopathy due to hypoxia–ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of death and disability in term newborns. Therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is the only recommended therapy. However, 30% still suffer from neurological deficits. Inflammation is a major hallmark of HI pathophysiology with myeloid cells being key players, participating either in progression or in resolution of injury-induced inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the impact of HT on the temporal and spatial dynamics of microglia/macrophage polarization after neonatal HI in newborn mice. Methods Nine-day-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to HI through occlusion of the right common carotid artery followed by 1 h hypoxia. Immediately after HI, animals were cooled for 4 h or kept at physiological body core temperature. Analyses were performed at 1, 3 and 7 days post HI. Brain injury, neuronal cell loss, apoptosis and microglia activation were assessed by immunohistochemistry. A broad set of typical genes associated with classical (M1) and alternative (M2) myeloid cell activation was analyzed by real time PCR in ex vivo isolated CD11b+ microglia/macrophages. Purity and composition of isolated cells was determined by flow cytometry. Results Immediate HT significantly reduced HI-induced brain injury and neuronal loss 7 days post HI, whereas only mild non-significant protection from HI-induced apoptosis and neuronal loss were observed 1 and 3 days after HI. Microglia activation, i.e., Iba-1 immunoreactivity peaked 3 days after HI and was not modulated by HT. However, ex vivo isolated CD11b+ cells revealed a strong upregulation of the majority of M1 but also M2 marker genes at day 1, which was significantly reduced by HT and rapidly declined at day 3. HI induced a significant increase in the frequency of peripheral macrophages in sorted CD11b+ cells at day 1, which deteriorated until day 7 and was significantly decreased by HT. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that HT-induced neuroprotection is preceded by acute suppression of HI-induced upregulation of inflammatory genes in myeloid cells and decreased infiltration of peripheral macrophages, both representing potential important effector mechanisms of HT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02314-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Seitz
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Köster
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark Dzietko
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Meray Serdar
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Felderhoff-Müser
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivo Bendix
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Josephine Herz
- Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology & Experimental Perinatal Neurosciences, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. .,Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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10
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Tarighat SS, Fei F, Joo EJ, Abdel-Azim H, Yang L, Geng H, Bum-Erdene K, Grice ID, von Itzstein M, Blanchard H, Heisterkamp N. Overcoming Microenvironment-Mediated Chemoprotection through Stromal Galectin-3 Inhibition in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12167. [PMID: 34830047 PMCID: PMC8624256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-mediated drug resistance in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) significantly contributes to relapse. Stromal cells in the bone marrow environment protect leukemia cells by secretion of chemokines as cues for BCP-ALL migration towards, and adhesion to, stroma. Stromal cells and BCP-ALL cells communicate through stromal galectin-3. Here, we investigated the significance of stromal galectin-3 to BCP-ALL cells. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to ablate galectin-3 in stromal cells and found that galectin-3 is dispensable for steady-state BCP-ALL proliferation and viability. However, efficient leukemia migration and adhesion to stromal cells are significantly dependent on stromal galectin-3. Importantly, the loss of stromal galectin-3 production sensitized BCP-ALL cells to conventional chemotherapy. We therefore tested novel carbohydrate-based small molecule compounds (Cpd14 and Cpd17) with high specificity for galectin-3. Consistent with results obtained using galectin-3-knockout stromal cells, treatment of stromal-BCP-ALL co-cultures inhibited BCP-ALL migration and adhesion. Moreover, these compounds induced anti-leukemic responses in BCP-ALL cells, including a dose-dependent reduction of viability and proliferation, the induction of apoptosis and, importantly, the inhibition of drug resistance. Collectively, these findings indicate galectin-3 regulates BCP-ALL cell responses to chemotherapy through the interactions between leukemia cells and the stroma, and show that a combination of galectin-3 inhibition with conventional drugs can sensitize the leukemia cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh S. Tarighat
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Fei Fei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Eun Ji Joo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Khuchtumur Bum-Erdene
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
| | - I. Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
| | - Helen Blanchard
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (K.B.-E.); (I.D.G.); (M.v.I.); (H.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, The Saban Research Institute of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; (S.S.T.); (F.F.); (E.J.J.); (H.A.-A.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA;
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11
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Heidari F, Razmkhah M, Razban V, Erfani N. Effects of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) silencing on immunomodulatory function and cancer-promoting characteristic of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2544-2556. [PMID: 34498786 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) catabolizes tryptophan, mediates immunomodulatory functions, and is released by stromal cells such as mesenchymal stem cells. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of IDO silencing on immunosuppressive function of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), T cells phenotype, and the proliferation/migration of tumor cells. ASCs isolated from adipose tissues of healthy women were transfected with IDO-siRNA. Galectin-3, transforming growth factor-β1, hepatocyte growth factor, and interleukin-10 as immunomodulators were measured in ASCs using qRT-PCR. T cells phenotype, interferon-γ, and interleukin-17 expression were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) cocultured with IDO silenced-ASCs by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Scratch assay was applied to assess the proliferation/migration of MDA-MB-231 cell line. Galectin-3 was upregulated (p ˂ 0.05) while hepatocyte growth factor was downregulated (p ˂ 0.05) in IDO-silenced ASCs compared to control groups. Regulatory T cells were inhibited in PBLs cocultured with IDO-silenced ASCs; also T helper2 was decreased in PBLs cocultured with IDO-silenced ASCs relative to the scramble group. IDO-silenced ASCs caused interferon-γ overexpression but interleukin-17 downregulation in PBLs. The proliferation/migration of MDA-MB-231 was suppressed after exposing to condition media of IDO-silenced ASCs compared with condition media of untransfected (p < 0.01) and scramble-transfected ASCs (p < 0.05). The results exhibited the weakened capacity of IDO-silenced ASCs for suppressing the immune cells and promoting the tumor cells' proliferation/migration. IDO suppression may be utilized as a strategy for cancer treatment. Simultaneous blocking of immunomodulators along with IDO inhibitors may show more effects on boosting the efficiency of immune-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Heidari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,School of Medicine, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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da Silva KN, Gobatto ALN, Costa-Ferro ZSM, Cavalcante BRR, Caria ACI, de Aragão França LS, Nonaka CKV, de Macêdo Lima F, Lopes-Pacheco M, Rocco PRM, de Freitas Souza BS. Is there a place for mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies in the therapeutic armamentarium against COVID-19? Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:425. [PMID: 34315546 PMCID: PMC8314259 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the rapid global spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has caused healthcare systems to collapse and led to hundreds of thousands of deaths. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 is not only limited to local pneumonia but also represents multiple organ involvement, with potential for systemic complications. One year after the pandemic, pathophysiological knowledge has evolved, and many therapeutic advances have occurred, but mortality rates are still elevated in severe/critical COVID-19 cases. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can exert immunomodulatory, antiviral, and pro-regenerative paracrine/endocrine actions and are therefore promising candidates for MSC-based therapies. In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based therapies based on currently available preclinical and clinical evidence of safety, potential efficacy, and mechanisms of action. Finally, we present a critical analysis of the risks, limitations, challenges, and opportunities that place MSC-based products as a therapeutic strategy that may complement the current arsenal against COVID-19 and reduce the pandemic's unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Nunes da Silva
- Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Zaquer Suzana Munhoz Costa-Ferro
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Alex Cleber Improta Caria
- Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza de Aragão França
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macêdo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- COVID-19 Virus Network, Ministry of Science and Technology, and Innovation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Goncalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Salvador, Brazil.
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Brazil.
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13
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapies on Fibrotic Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147447. [PMID: 34299066 PMCID: PMC8307175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising alternative approach to heart diseases. The most prevalent source of multipotent stem cells, usually called somatic or adult stem cells (mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, MSCs) used in clinical trials is bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue (AT-MSCs), umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) and placenta. Therapeutic use of MSCs in cardiovascular diseases is based on the benefits in reducing cardiac fibrosis and inflammation that compose the cardiac remodeling responsible for the maintenance of normal function, something which may end up causing progressive and irreversible dysfunction. Many factors lead to cardiac fibrosis and failure, and an effective therapy is lacking to reverse or attenuate this condition. Different approaches have been shown to be promising in surpassing the poor survival of transplanted cells in cardiac tissue to provide cardioprotection and prevent cardiac remodeling. This review includes the description of pre-clinical and clinical investigation of the therapeutic potential of MSCs in improving ventricular dysfunction consequent to diverse cardiac diseases.
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14
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Nonaka CKV, Sampaio GL, de Aragão França L, Cavalcante BR, Silva KN, Khouri R, Torres FG, Meira CS, de Souza Santos E, Macedo CT, Paredes BD, Rocha VPC, Rogatto SR, Ribeiro dos Santos R, Souza BSDF, Soares MBP. Therapeutic miR-21 Silencing Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Modulates Inflammatory Response in Chronic Chagas Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3307. [PMID: 33804922 PMCID: PMC8036348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), remains a serious public health problem for which there is no effective treatment in the chronic stage. Intense cardiac fibrosis and inflammation are hallmarks of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC). Previously, we identified upregulation of circulating and cardiac miR-21, a pro-fibrotic microRNA (miRNA), in subjects with CCC. Here, we explored the potential role of miR-21 as a therapeutic target in a model of chronic Chagas disease. PCR array-based 88 microRNA screening was performed in heart samples obtained from C57Bl/6 mice chronically infected with T. cruzi and serum samples collected from CCC patients. MiR-21 was found upregulated in both human and mouse samples, which was corroborated by an in silico analysis of miRNA-mRNA target prediction. In vitro miR-21 functional assays (gain-and loss-of-function) were performed in cardiac fibroblasts, showing upregulation of miR-21 and collagen expression upon transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and T. cruzi stimulation, while miR-21 blockage reduced collagen expression. Finally, treatment of T. cruzi-infected mice with locked nucleic acid (LNA)-anti-miR-21 inhibitor promoted a significant reduction in cardiac fibrosis. Our data suggest that miR-21 is a mediator involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and indicates the pharmacological silencing of miR-21 as a potential therapeutic approach for CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Louise Sampaio
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Aragão França
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Cavalcante
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
| | - Katia Nunes Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
| | - Felipe Guimarães Torres
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
| | - Cassio Santana Meira
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle de Souza Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Carolina Thé Macedo
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
- Department of Cardiology, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Bruno Diaz Paredes
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Pinto Costa Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark-Vejle, 7100 Vejle, Denmark;
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, São Rafael Hospital, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil; (C.K.V.N.); (L.d.A.F); (K.N.S.); (B.D.P); (B.S.d.F.S.)
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil; (G.L.S.); (B.R.C); (R.K.); (F.G.T); (C.S.M); (E.d.S.S); (C.T.M.); (V.P.C.R); (R.R.d.S.)
- Senai Institute of Innovation in Advanced Health Systems, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41253-190, Brazil
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15
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Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081792. [PMID: 32731422 PMCID: PMC7465113 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.
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16
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Galectin-3 in Inflammasome Activation and Primary Biliary Cholangitis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145097. [PMID: 32707678 PMCID: PMC7404314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune liver disease characterized by inflammation and damage of small bile ducts. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric complex of proteins that after activation with various stimuli initiates an inflammatory process. Increasing data obtained from animal studies implicate the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays important roles in various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis, pre-mRNA splicing, inflammation, fibrosis and host defense. The multilineage immune response at various stages of PBC development includes the involvement of Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of this disease. The role of Galectin-3 in the specific binding to NLRP3, and inflammasome activation in models of primary biliary cholangitis has been recently described. This review provides a brief pathogenesis of PBC and discusses the current knowledge about the role of Gal-3 in NLRP3 activation and PBC development.
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17
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Santos EDS, de Aragão-França LS, Meira CS, Cerqueira JV, Vasconcelos JF, Nonaka CKV, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC, Soares MBP. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Reduce Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis in Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:488. [PMID: 32318058 PMCID: PMC7154094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most frequent and severe form of this parasitic disease. CCC is caused by a progressive inflammation in the heart, resulting in alterations that can culminate in heart failure and death. The use of dendritic cells (DCs) appears as an option for the development of treatments due to their important role in regulating immune responses. Here, we investigated whether tolerogenic cells (tDCs) could interfere with the progression of CCC in an experimental model of Chagas disease. The tDCs were generated and characterized as CD11b+ CD11c+ cells, low expression of MHC-II, CD86, CD80, and CD40, and increased expression of PD-L. These cells produced low levels of IL-6 and IL-12p70 and higher levels of IL-10, compared to mature DCs (mDCs). Interestingly, tDCs inhibited lymphoproliferation and markedly increased the population of FoxP3+ Treg cells in vitro, compared to mature DCs. In a mouse model of CCC, treatment with tDCs reduced heart inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, tDCs treatment reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Ifng and Il12) and of genes related to cardiac remodeling (Col1a2 and Lgals3), while increasing the gene expression of IL-10. Finally, administration of tDCs, increased the percentage of Treg cells in the hearts and spleens of chagasic mice. Ours results show that tolerogenic dendritic cells have therapeutic potential on CCC, inhibiting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil.,Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Brazil
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18
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Bogatcheva NV, Coleman ME. Conditioned Medium of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Class of Therapeutics. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1375-1389. [PMID: 31760924 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919110129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSCs) represent a class of biologics with the prospects for employment as immunomodulatory, tissue-protective, and regenerative therapeutics. In parallel with cellular therapy, cell-free therapy based on MSC-secreted bioactive factors is being actively developed. MSCs secrete a variety of protein, peptide, RNA, and lipid mediators which can be concentrated, frozen, or even lyophilized without loss of activity, which gives them a certain advantage over cellular products requiring liquid nitrogen storage and infrastructure to revive frozen cells. This review (i) describes currently conducted clinical trials of cell-free products containing MSC secretome; (ii) summarizes main approaches to the generation and characterization of conditioned media concentrates and extracellular vesicle isolates; (iii) analyzes a variety of preclinical studies where effectiveness of secretome products has been shown; and (iv) summarizes current knowledge about secretome bioactive components obtained by analysis of in vivo models testing the therapeutic potential of the MSC secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Bogatcheva
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - M E Coleman
- Theratome Bio, Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Nangia-Makker P, Hogan V, Raz A. Galectin-3 and cancer stemness. Glycobiology 2018; 28:172-181. [PMID: 29315388 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades galectin-3, a carbohydrate binding protein, with affinity for N-acetyllactosamine residues, has been unique due to the regulatory roles it performs in processes associated with tumor progression and metastasis such as cell proliferation, homotypic/heterotypic aggregation, dynamic cellular transformation, migration and invasion, survival and apoptosis. Structure-function association of galectin-3 reveals that it consists of a short amino terminal motif, which regulates its nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling; a collagen α-like domain, susceptible to cleavage by matrix metalloproteases and prostate specific antigen; accountable for its oligomerization and lattice formation, and a carbohydrate-recognition/binding domain containing the anti-death motif of the Bcl2 protein family. This structural complexity permits galectin-3 to associate with numerous molecules utilizing protein-protein and/or protein-carbohydrate interactions in the extra-cellular as well as intracellular milieu and regulate diverse signaling pathways, a number of which appear directed towards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stemness. Self-renewal, differentiation, long-term culturing and drug-resistance potential characterize cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small cell subpopulation within the tumor that is thought to be accountable for heterogeneity, recurrence and metastasis of tumors. Despite the fact that association of galectin-3 to the tumor stemness phenomenon is still in its infancy, there is sufficient direct evidence of its regulatory roles in CSC-associated phenotypes and signaling pathways. In this review, we have highlighted the available data on galectin-3 regulated functions pertinent to cancer stemness and explored the opportunities of its exploitation as a CSC marker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Nangia-Makker
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Victor Hogan
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Avraham Raz
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, 421 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, 540 East Canfield, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate experimental autoimmune cholangitis through immunosuppression and cytoprotective function mediated by galectin-9. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:237. [PMID: 30223894 PMCID: PMC6142687 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an anti-inflammatory role by secreting certain bioactive molecules to exert their therapeutic effects for disease treatment. However, the underlying mechanism of MSCs in chronic autoimmune liver diseases—primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), for example—remains to be elucidated. Methods Human umbilical cord–derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) were injected intravenously into 2-octynoic acid coupled to bovine serum albumin (2OA-BSA)-induced autoimmune cholangitis mice. Serum levels of biomarkers and autoantibodies, histologic changes in the liver, diverse CD4+ T-cell subsets in different tissues, and chemokine activities were analyzed. Moreover, we investigated galectin-9 (Gal-9) expression and its function in UC-MSCs. Results In this study, UC-MSC transplantation (UC-MSCT) significantly ameliorated liver inflammation, primarily by diminishing T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses as well as modifying liver chemokine activities in experimental autoimmune cholangitis mice. Mechanistically, UC-MSCs significantly repressed the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and suppressed the differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells, which was likely dependent on Gal-9. Furthermore, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways were involved in the production of Gal-9 in UC-MSCs. Conclusions These results suggest that Gal-9 contributes significantly to UC-MSC–mediated therapeutic effects and improve our understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of PBC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0979-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Role of MSC-derived galectin 3 in the AML microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:959-969. [PMID: 29655803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), high Galectin 3 (LGALS3) expression is associated with poor prognosis. The role of LGALS3 derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in the AML microenvironment is unclear; however, we have recently found high LGALS3 expression in MSC derived from AML patients is associated with relapse. In this study, we used reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA) to correlate LGALS3 expression in AML MSC with 119 other proteins including variants of these proteins such as phosphorylated forms or cleaved forms to identify biologically relevant pathways. RPPA revealed that LGALS3 protein was positively correlated with expression of thirteen proteins including MYC, phosphorylated beta-Catenin (p-CTNNB1), and AKT2 and negatively correlated with expression of six proteins including integrin beta 3 (ITGB3). String analysis revealed that proteins positively correlated with LGALS3 showed strong interconnectivity. Consistent with the RPPA results, LGALS3 suppression by shRNA in MSC resulted in decreased MYC and AKT expression while ITGB3 was induced. In co-culture, the ability of AML cell to adhere to MSC LGALS3 shRNA transductants was reduced compared to AML cell adhesion to MSC control shRNA transductants. Finally, use of novel specific LGALS3 inhibitor CBP.001 in co-culture of AML cells with MSC reduced viable leukemia cell populations with induced apoptosis and augmented the chemotherapeutic effect of AraC. In summary, the current study demonstrates that MSC-derived LGALS3 may be critical for important biological pathways for MSC homeostasis and for regulating AML cell localization and survival in the leukemia microenvironmental niche.
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