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Akinsipe T, Mohamedelhassan R, Akinpelu A, Pondugula SR, Mistriotis P, Avila LA, Suryawanshi A. Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302587. [PMID: 38533507 PMCID: PMC10963559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic, with various immune and non-immune cells interacting to regulate tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. It is now evident that the cells within the TME significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and resistance to various conventional and newly developed anti-tumor therapies. Both immune and non-immune cells in the TME play critical roles in tumor onset, uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. Consequently, molecular and cellular components of breast TME have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for developing novel treatments. The breast TME primarily comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, vasculature, and infiltrating immune cells. Currently, numerous clinical trials targeting specific TME components of breast cancer are underway. However, the complexity of the TME and its impact on the evasion of anti-tumor immunity necessitate further research to develop novel and improved breast cancer therapies. The multifaceted nature of breast TME cells arises from their phenotypic and functional plasticity, which endows them with both pro and anti-tumor roles during tumor progression. In this review, we discuss current understanding and recent advances in the pro and anti-tumoral functions of TME cells and their implications for developing safe and effective therapies to control breast cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rania Mohamedelhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Chen T, Chen J, Zeng T, Huang Q, Chen D, Chen H, Chen J, Zheng B, Wang M, Chen S, Dai J, Sun H, Chen T, Huang Y, Zhao L, Ma S, Liu X. WZ35 inhibits gastric cancer cell metastasis by depleting glutathione to promote cellular metabolic remodeling. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216044. [PMID: 36574880 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at elucidating the crosstalk between redox reaction and metabolic remodeling through uncovering the mechanism underlying WZ35-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and regulation of amino acid metabolism to inhibit gastric cancer (GC) cell metastasis. The activity and biosafety of curcumin analog, WZ35, were verified in vitro and in vivo. The potential molecular mechanism underlying WZ35-mediated enhanced radiotherapeutic sensitivity by reduced Glutathione (GSH) depletion was elucidated by RNA sequencing, single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq), metabolic mass spectrometry, and other molecular experiments. Compared to curcumin, WZ35 proved more potent anti-proliferative and anti-metastasis properties. Importantly, we demonstrated that WZ35 could consume GSH in multiple ways, including by reduction of raw materials and consumption reserves, inhibition of reformation, and enhanced decomposition. Mechanistically, we identify that WZ35 maintains the GSH depletion phenotype through the ROS-YAP-AXL-ALKBH5-GLS2 loop, further backing the relevance of metabolic remodeling in the tumor microenvironment with tumor metastasis and the role of m6A in tumor metastasis. Collectively, our study identified WZ35 as a novel GSH depletion agent and a previously undiscovered GSH depletion loop mechanism in GC cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongke Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junbo Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianni Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Qianying Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shinuo Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichen Dai
- Second Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tongzuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqian Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Munari E, Mariotti FR, Quatrini L, Bertoglio P, Tumino N, Vacca P, Eccher A, Ciompi F, Brunelli M, Martignoni G, Bogina G, Moretta L. PD-1/PD-L1 in Cancer: Pathophysiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5123. [PMID: 34066087 PMCID: PMC8151504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion is a key strategy adopted by tumor cells to escape the immune system while promoting their survival and metastatic spreading. Indeed, several mechanisms have been developed by tumors to inhibit immune responses. PD-1 is a cell surface inhibitory receptor, which plays a major physiological role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. In pathological conditions, activation of the PD-1/PD-Ls signaling pathway may block immune cell activation, a mechanism exploited by tumor cells to evade the antitumor immune control. Targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has represented a major breakthrough in cancer treatment. Indeed, the success of PD-1 blockade immunotherapies represents an unprecedented success in the treatment of different cancer types. To improve the therapeutic efficacy, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating PD-1 expression and signaling in the tumor context is required. We provide an overview of the current knowledge of PD-1 expression on both tumor-infiltrating T and NK cells, summarizing the recent evidence on the stimuli regulating its expression. We also highlight perspectives and limitations of the role of PD-L1 expression as a predictive marker, discuss well-established and novel potential approaches to improve patient selection and clinical outcome and summarize current indications for anti-PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Munari
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Francesca R. Mariotti
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (L.Q.); (N.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (L.Q.); (N.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Pietro Bertoglio
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Maggiore Teaching Hospital and Sant’Orsola University Hospital, 40133 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (L.Q.); (N.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Paola Vacca
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (L.Q.); (N.T.); (P.V.)
| | - Albino Eccher
- Pathology Unit, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Francesco Ciompi
- Computational Pathology Group, Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6543 SH Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.B.); (G.M.)
- Pathology Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, 37019 Peschiera del Garda, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bogina
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.R.M.); (L.Q.); (N.T.); (P.V.)
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Zhao Y, Shi F, Zhou Q, Li Y, Wu J, Wang R, Song Q. Prognostic significance of PD-L1 in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23172. [PMID: 33158004 PMCID: PMC7647545 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of PD-L1 in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).In this retrospective study, 97 patients with NSCLC were consecutively recruited. The expression profiling of PD-1, PD-L1, p53 and Ki-67 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Median survival time was estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve with log-rank test. Risk factors were evaluated by Cox Proportional Hazards regression models.The median tumor size was larger (3.5 cm) among patients with positive PD-L1 expression, compared to those with negative expression (2.0 cm; P < .01). Compared to those with negative PD-L1 expression, patients with positive PD-L1 expression had significantly higher rates of nerve invasion (26.3% vs 5.0%; P < .01), blood vessel invasion (47.4% vs 20.0%; P < .01) and lymph node metastasis (64.9% vs 27.5%; P < .01), more advanced tumor stage (P < .01) and Ki-67 index (P < .01). PD-L1 expression status was not significantly associated with disease-free (DFS) or overall survival (OS). However, for patients with advanced disease, PD-L1 positive expression was related to worse outcome (HR: 4.13; 95% CI: 1.06-16.12).Positive PD-L1 expression is associated with more aggressive pathological features and poorer prognosis in advanced stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College
| | - Yuchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Vaccines
| | | | | | - Qingkun Song
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Pawłowska A, Suszczyk D, Tarkowski R, Paduch R, Kotarski J, Wertel I. Programmed Death-1 Receptor (PD-1) as a Potential Prognosis Biomarker for Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:9691-9709. [PMID: 33116828 PMCID: PMC7548235 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s263010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies. Recent studies suggest a crucial role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in OC pathogenesis. Therefore, our study aimed at evaluation of the clinical importance of PD-1 expression in ovarian cancer patients. Patients and Methods In this study, we investigated the role of PD-1 in OC patients (n=50) by analyzing its expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in three OC environments: peripheral blood (PB), peritoneal fluid (PF), and tumor (TT) as well as soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) in plasma and PF in terms of their clinical and prognostic significance. T cells with PD-1 expression were analyzed using flow cytometry. The concentration of sPD-1 was determined with the use of ELISA. Our research demonstrated differences in PD-1 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the OC environments. Results We found an elevated level of CD4+PD-1+ T cells in tumor and PF, compared to PB. Additionally, we found the highest percentage of CD8+ PD-1+ in tumor, compared to PB and PF. The levels of sPD-1 were higher (p<0.0001) in plasma than in PF. For the first time, we discovered that the higher level of CD4+PD-1+ T cells in the circulation and the higher sPD-1 level in plasma predict poor survival of OC patients. Conclusion We suggest that PD-1 could be a predictive biomarker for OC patients and successful immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pawłowska
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Dorota Suszczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Rafał Tarkowski
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin 20-033, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
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Li N, Yuan J, Tian W, Meng L, Liu Y. T-cell receptor repertoire analysis for the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumor: A methodology and clinical applications. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:473-483. [PMID: 32677768 PMCID: PMC7571402 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells, which are involved in adaptive immunity, are essential in the elimination of tumor cells. Mature T cells can specifically recognize the antigen on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule through T‐cell receptors (TCR). The unique rearrangement mechanisms during T‐cell maturation provide great diversity to TCR, ensuring specific recognition between T cells and antigens. Thus, TCR repertoire analysis occupied an important position in T‐cell regarding research. Nowadays, next‐generation sequencing technology allows the simultaneous detection of TCR sequences with high throughput, and several evaluation indexes facilitate the measure of TCR repertoire. Based on this new methodology, discoveries are made across a range of tumor types. Results have shed light on the TCR repertoire differences between cancer patients and healthy control as well as between individual's lesions, paracancer, and peripheral blood samples. The potential of TCR repertoire as a biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy is also widely studied as TCR repertoire represents different baseline within individuals and shows dynamic change during treatment. Accurate delineation of the T‐cell repertoire can further the understanding of the immune system response to tumorigenesis. Still, existing researches are insufficient to clarify the specific clinical implications of TCR dynamic change and the definite role of TCR repertoire diversity during the treatment process. The results of some studies are even contrary. In this article, we reviewed TCR rearrangement mechanisms and analysis methods. Recent progress of TCR sequencing technology in tumor research is also discussed. In conclusion, intensive studies over an extended range of cancer types and a broadened group of subjects should be carried to solidify the TCR repertoire's position as an immunotherapy biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110044, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Yuan
- Novogene Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenjia Tian
- Novogene Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lin Meng
- Novogene Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yongyu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Tenth People's Hospital, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110044, P. R. China
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Lacal PM, Atzori MG, Ruffini F, Scimeca M, Bonanno E, Cicconi R, Mattei M, Bernardini R, D'Atri S, Tentori L, Graziani G. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 by the monoclonal antibody D16F7 to increase the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors against cutaneous melanoma. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104957. [PMID: 32485280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) is a membrane receptor for VEGF-A, placenta growth factor (PlGF) and VEGF-B that plays a crucial role in melanoma invasiveness, vasculogenic mimicry and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Furthermore, activation of VEGFR-1 is involved in the mobilization of myeloid progenitors from the bone marrow that infiltrate the tumor. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages have been involved in tumor progression and resistance to cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We have recently demonstrated that the anti-VEGFR-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) D16F7 developed in our laboratories is able to inhibit melanoma growth in preclinical in vivo models and to reduce monocyte/macrophage progenitor mobilization and tumor infiltration by myeloid cells. Aim of the study was to investigate whether the anti-VEGFR-1 mAb D16F7 affects the activity of protumoral M2 macrophages in vitro in response to PlGF and inhibits the recruitment of these cells to the melanoma site in vivo. Finally, we tested whether, through its multi-targeted action, D16F7 mAb might increase the efficacy of ICIs against melanoma. The results indicated that VEGFR-1 expression is up-regulated in human activated M2 macrophages compared to activated M1 cells and exposure to the D16F7 mAb decreases in vitro chemotaxis of activated M2 macrophages. In vivo treatment with the anti-VEGFR-1 mAb D16F7 of B6D2F1 mice injected with syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells resulted in tumor growth inhibition associated with the modification of tumor microenvironment that involves a decrease of melanoma infiltration by M2 macrophages and PD-1+ and FoxP3+ cells. These alterations result in increased M1/M2 and CD8+/FoxP3+ ratios, which favor an antitumor and immunostimulating milieu. Accordingly, D16F7 mAb increased the antitumor activity of the ICIs anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 mAbs. Overall, these data reinforce the role of VEGFR-1-mediated-signalling as a valid target for reducing tumor infiltration by protumoral macrophages and for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Atzori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ruffini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (FUV), Piazza Velasca 5, 20122, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Rosella Cicconi
- "Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale - Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- "Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale - Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- "Centro di Servizi Interdipartimentale - Stazione per la Tecnologia Animale", University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta 104, 00167, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Tentori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Coleman MF, Cozzo AJ, Pfeil AJ, Etigunta SK, Hursting SD. Cell Intrinsic and Systemic Metabolism in Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040852. [PMID: 32244756 PMCID: PMC7225951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has shown extraordinary promise at treating cancers otherwise resistant to treatment. However, for ICI therapy to be effective, it must overcome the metabolic limitations of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor metabolism has long been understood to be highly dysregulated, with potent immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, T cell activation and longevity within the tumor microenvironment are intimately tied to T cell metabolism and are required for the long-term efficacy of ICI therapy. We discuss in this review the intersection of metabolic competition in the tumor microenvironment, T cell activation and metabolism, the roles of tumor cell metabolism in immune evasion, and the impact of host metabolism in determining immune surveillance and ICI therapy outcomes. We also discussed the effects of obesity and calorie restriction—two important systemic metabolic perturbations that impact intrinsic metabolic pathways in T cells as well as cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Alexander J. Pfeil
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Suhas K. Etigunta
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Breast Cancer Cells and PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Upregulate the Expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3 and LAG-3 Immune Checkpoints in CD4 + T Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040149. [PMID: 31614877 PMCID: PMC6963740 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, and it exhibits resistance to common breast cancer therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, have been approved to treat various cancers. However, the therapeutic efficacy of targeting PD-1/PD-L1 axis in breast cancer is under clinical investigation. In addition, the mechanisms of action of drugs targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of human TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, and the non-TNBC cell line, MCF-7, on the expression of immune checkpoints (ICs) on CD4+ T cell subsets, including regulatory T cells (Tregs), using a co-culture system. We also examined the effect of blocking PD-1 or PD-L1 separately and in combination on IC expression by CD4+ T cell subsets. We found that breast cancer cells upregulate the expression of ICs including PD-1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) in CD4+ T cell subsets. We also found that the co-blockade of PD-1 and PD-L1 further upregulates the co-expression of TIM-3 and LAG-3 on CD4+CD25+ T cells and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Helios+ Tregs in the presence of TNBC cells, but not in non-TNBC cells. Our results indicate the emergence of compensatory inhibitory mechanisms, most likely mediated by Tregs and activated non-Tregs, which could lead to the development of TNBC resistance against PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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10
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Caffeine-enhanced anti-tumor immune response through decreased expression of PD1 on infiltrated cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 859:172538. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Chen Q, Cheng L, Li Q. The molecular characterization and therapeutic strategies of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 19:169-175. [PMID: 30474436 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1548939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is an important subtype of kidney cancer with a problematic pathological classification and highly variable clinical behavior. In this review, we summarize the current progression on pRCC in molecular level. Our findings highlight the need for molecular markers to accurately subtype pRCC and may lead to the development of more targeted agents and better patient stratification in clinical trials for pRCC. Areas covered: This review highlights the need for molecular markers to accurately subtype PRCC and may lead to the development of more targeted agents and better patient stratification in clinical trials for pRCC. Expert commentary: There are mainly two subtypes of pRCC based on histology. However, little is known about the genetic characterization of the sporadic forms of pRCC and there are currently no standard forms of therapy for patients with advanced disease. Both MET inhibitors and immunotherapy may be effective in advanced pRCC treatment. Therefore, understanding the molecular basis of pRCC and identifying the main goal of treatment is crucial for the selection of the best strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Chen
- a Department of Urology , First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
| | - Liang Cheng
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Quanlin Li
- a Department of Urology , First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University , Dalian , China
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