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Colucci Cante R, Nigro F, Passannanti F, Lentini G, Gallo M, Nigro R, Budelli AL. Gut health benefits and associated systemic effects provided by functional components from the fermentation of natural matrices. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13356. [PMID: 38767859 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic health, immunity, behavioral balance, longevity, and intestine comfort has been the object of several studies from scientific communities. They were encouraged by a growing interest from food industries and consumers toward novel fermented ingredients and formulations with powerful biological effects, such as pre, pro, and postbiotic products. Depending on the selected strains, the operating conditions, the addition of suitable reagents or enzymes, the equipment, and the reactor configurations, functional compounds with high bioactivity, such as short-chain fatty acids, gamma-aminobutyric acid, bioactive peptides, and serotonin, can be enhanced and/or produced through fermentation of several vegetable matrices. Otherwise, their formation can also be promoted directly in the gut after the dietary intake of fermented foods: In this case, fermentation will aim to increase the content of precursor substances, such as indigestible fibers, polyphenols, some amino acids, and resistant starch, which can be potentially metabolized by endogenous gut microorganisms and converted in healthy molecules. This review provides an overview of the main functional components currently investigated in literature and the associated gut health benefits. The current state of the art about fermentation technology as a promising functionalization tool to promote the direct or indirect formation of gut-health-enhancing components was deepened, highlighting the importance of optimizing microorganism selection, system setups, and process conditions according to the target compound of interest. The collected data suggested the possibility of gaining novel functional food ingredients or products rich in functional molecules through fermentation without performing additional extraction and purification stages, which are needed when conventional culture broths are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Colucci Cante
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Nigro
- I. T. P. Innovation and Technology Provider S.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Passannanti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- I. T. P. Innovation and Technology Provider S.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Lentini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Gallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
- I. T. P. Innovation and Technology Provider S.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Nigro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials, and Industrial Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Snelson M, Vanuytsel T, Marques FZ. Breaking the Barrier: The Role of Gut Epithelial Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024:10.1007/s11906-024-01307-2. [PMID: 38662328 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To review what intestinal permeability is and how it is measured, and to summarise the current evidence linking altered intestinal permeability with the development of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Increased gastrointestinal permeability, directly measured in vivo, has been demonstrated in experimental and genetic animal models of hypertension. This is consistent with the passage of microbial substances to the systemic circulation and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Evidence for increased gut permeability in human hypertension has been reliant of a handful of blood biomarkers, with no studies directly measuring gut permeability in hypertensive cohorts. There is emerging literature that some of these putative biomarkers may not accurately reflect permeability of the gastrointestinal tract. Data from animal models of hypertension support they have increased gut permeability; however, there is a dearth of conclusive evidence in humans. Future studies are needed that directly measure intestinal permeability in people with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Snelson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Wen C, Chen D, Zhong R, Peng X. Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: category and evaluation indexes. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2024; 12:goae021. [PMID: 38634007 PMCID: PMC11021814 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research often relies on animal models to study the etiology, pathophysiology, and management of IBD. Among these models, rats and mice are frequently employed due to their practicality and genetic manipulability. However, for studies aiming to closely mimic human pathology, non-human primates such as monkeys and dogs offer valuable physiological parallels. Guinea pigs, while less commonly used, present unique advantages for investigating the intricate interplay between neurological and immunological factors in IBD. Additionally, New Zealand rabbits excel in endoscopic biopsy techniques, providing insights into mucosal inflammation and healing processes. Pigs, with their physiological similarities to humans, serve as ideal models for exploring the complex relationships between nutrition, metabolism, and immunity in IBD. Beyond mammals, non-mammalian organisms including zebrafish, Drosophila melanogaster, and nematodes offer specialized insights into specific aspects of IBD pathology, highlighting the diverse array of model systems available for advancing our understanding of this multifaceted disease. In this review, we conduct a thorough analysis of various animal models employed in IBD research, detailing their applications and essential experimental parameters. These include clinical observation, Disease Activity Index score, pathological assessment, intestinal barrier integrity, fibrosis, inflammatory markers, intestinal microbiome, and other critical parameters that are crucial for evaluating modeling success and drug efficacy in experimental mammalian studies. Overall, this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers in the field of IBD, offering insights into the diverse array of animal models available and their respective applications in studying IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Wen
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Dan Chen
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion School of Teaching, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Rao Zhong
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xi Peng
- Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Stefan A, Mucchi A, Hochkoeppler A. The catalytic action of human d-lactate dehydrogenase is severely inhibited by oxalate and is impaired by mutations triggering d-lactate acidosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109932. [PMID: 38373542 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
d-lactate dehydrogenases are known to be expressed by prokaryotes and by eukaryotic invertebrates, and over the years the functional and structural features of some bacterial representatives of this enzyme ensemble have been investigated quite in detail. Remarkably, a human gene coding for a putative d-lactate dehydrogenase (DLDH) was identified and characterized, disclosing the occurrence of alternative splicing of its primary transcript. This translates into the expression of two human DLDH (hDLDH) isoforms, the molecular mass of which is expected to differ by 2.7 kDa. However, no information on these two hDLDH isoforms is available at the protein level. Here we report on the catalytic action of these enzymes, along with a first analysis of their structural features. In particular, we show that hDLDH is strictly stereospecific, with the larger isoform (hDLDH-1) featuring higher activity at the expense of d-lactate when compared to its smaller counterpart (hDLDH-2). Furthermore, we found that hDLDH is strongly inhibited by oxalate, as indicated by a Ki equal to 1.2 μM for this dicarboxylic acid. Structurally speaking, hDLDH-1 and hDLDH-2 were determined, by means of gel filtration and dynamic light scattering experiments, to be a hexamer and a tetramer, respectively. Moreover, in agreement with previous studies performed with human mitochondria, we identified FAD as the cofactor of hDLDH, and we report here a model of FAD binding by the human d-lactate dehydrogenase. Interestingly, the mutations W323C and T412 M negatively affect the activity of hDLDH, most likely by impairing the enzyme electron-acceptor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stefan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Alberto Mucchi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandro Hochkoeppler
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
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Nong K, Liu Z, Qin X, Chen W, Zhang B, Wu Y, Wang Z, Fang X, Liu Y, Wang X, Shi H, Zhang H. Effect of the Pseudopleuronectes americanus-derived Pleurocidin on DSS-induced Ulcerative colitis in mice and its preliminary molecular mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111757. [PMID: 38422770 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Pleurocidin is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the mucous membranes of the skin or intestinal secretions of Pseudopleuronectes americanus that has antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Ulcerative colitis is recognized as a widespread human disease that may be influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Evidence emphasizes the critical role of the gut microbiota in UC. Synthetic Pleurocidin was analyzed by a combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Pleurocidin pharmacological effects were evaluated by DAI score, colon histological score, cytokine levels, and tight junction protein expression in mice. The preliminary molecular mechanism was explored by the levels of key proteins in the NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways in colon tissues. The main analytical methods such as immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot were used. We then used 16S rRNA gene sequences to characterize the gut microbiota. Firstly, our study demonstrated that rectal injection of Pleurocidin at 5 mg/kg body weight alleviated clinical symptoms and colonic histopathological changes in UC mice caused by DSS. Secondly, Pleurocidin altered the abnormal levels of inflammatory and immune-related cytokines in serum, modulated the significant down-regulation of tight junction proteins, and inhibited the expression of NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathway-related proteins. Finally, Pleurocidin can regulate gut microbiota, increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and reduce the relative abundance of harmful bacteria. In conclusion, Pleurocidin alleviates UC symptoms in mice, and its effects on the gut microbiome may be potential pathways. It is providing a promising therapeutic option for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Nong
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Zhineng Liu
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Xinyun Qin
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Wanyan Chen
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Yijia Wu
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Xin Fang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Youming Liu
- Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yibin 644600, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Huiyu Shi
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, China.
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Liu X, Yuan L, Tang Y, Wu Y, Kong J, Zhou B, Wang X, Lin M, Li Y, Xu G, Wang Y, Xu T, He C, Fang S, Zhu S. Da-Cheng-Qi decoction improves severe acute pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury by interfering with intestinal lymphatic pathway and reducing HMGB1-induced inflammatory response in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:144-154. [PMID: 36620997 PMCID: PMC9833414 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2160768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD) has a significant effect on Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Acute Lung Injury (SAP-ALI). OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of DCQD in the treatment of SAP-ALI based on intestinal barrier function and intestinal lymphatic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham operation, model, and DCQD. The SAP model was induced by a retrograde infusion of 5.0% sodium taurocholate solution (1 mg/kg) at a constant rate of 12 mL/h using an infusion pump into the bile-pancreatic duct. Sham operation and model group were given 0.9% normal saline, while DCQD group was given DCQD (5.99 g/kg/d) by gavage 1 h before operation and 1, 11 and 23 h after operation. The levels of HMGB1, RAGE, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, d-LA, DAO in blood and MPO in lung were detected using ELISA. The expression of HMGB1, RAGE, NF-κB p65 in mesenteric lymph nodes and lung were determined. RESULTS Compared with SAP group, DCQD significantly reduced the histopathological scoring of pancreatic tissue (SAP, 2.80 ± 0.42; DCQD, 2.58 ± 0.52), intestine (SAP, 3.30 ± 0.68; DCQD, 2.50 ± 0.80) and lung (SAP, 3.30 ± 0.68; DCQD, 2.42 ± 0.52). DCQD reduced serum HMGB1 level (SAP, 134.09 ± 19.79; DCQD, 88.05 ± 9.19), RAGE level (SAP, 5.05 ± 1.44; DCQD, 2.13 ± 0.54). WB and RT-PCR showed HMGB1-RAGE pathway was inhibited by DCQD (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS DCQD improves SAP-ALI in rats by interfering with intestinal lymphatic pathway and reducing HMGB1-induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishuang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingduo Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lin
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yading Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengquan Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengliang Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Zhao Z, Guo S, Li Y, Yin H, Tian L, Cheng G, Li Y. Red Rice Seed Coat Targeting SPHK2 Ameliorated Alcoholic Liver Disease via Restored Intestinal Barrier and Improved Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:4176. [PMID: 37836459 PMCID: PMC10574211 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), leading to the most common chronic liver diseases, is increasingly emerging as a global health problem, which is intensifying the need to develop novel treatments. Herein, our work aimed to estimate the therapeutic efficacy of red rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed coat on ALD and further uncover the underlying mechanisms. Red rice seed coat extract (RRA) was obtained with citric acid-ethanol and analyzed via a widely targeted components approach. The potential targets of RRA to ALD were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. Drunken behavior, histopathological examination, liver function, gut microbiota composition and intestinal barrier integrity were used to assess the effects of RRA (RRAH, 600 mg/kg·body weight; RRAL, 200 mg/kg·body weight) on ALD. Oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis associated factors and signaling pathways were measured by corresponding kits, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. In ALD model mice, RRA treatment increased sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels, improved gut microbiota composition, restored intestinal barrier, decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in plasma and the liver, cut down Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways, alleviated liver pathological injury and oxidative stress, attenuated inflammation and apoptosis and enhanced liver function. To sum up, RRA targeting SPHK2 can ameliorate ALD by repairing intestinal barrier damage and reducing liver LPS level via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and intestinal microbiota, revealing that red rice seed coat holds potential as a functional food for the prevention and treatment of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxu Chen
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhiye Zhao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shancheng Guo
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yaxian Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haiaolong Yin
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Yu M, Tian Z, Deng J, Ma X, Yin Y. Magnolol Supplementation Alters Serum Parameters, Immune Homeostasis, Amino Acid Profiles, and Gene Expression of Amino Acid Transporters in Growing Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13952. [PMID: 37762256 PMCID: PMC10530316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with magnolol affects growth performance, anti-inflammatory abilities, serum and muscle amino acid profiles, and metabolisms in growing pigs. A total of 42 seventy-days-old growing barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly allocated into two dietary groups: Con, control group (basal diet); and Mag, magnolol group (basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg of magnolol). The results revealed that dietary supplementation with magnolol had no effect (p > 0.05) on growth performance. However, magnolol supplementation remarkably increased (p < 0.05) the serum content of albumin, total protein, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and interleukin-22. In addition, dietary magnolol supplementation altered the amino acid (AA) profiles in serum and dorsal muscle and particularly increased (p < 0.05) the serum content of arginine and muscle glutamate. Simultaneously, the mRNA expression of genes associated with AA transport in jejunum (SLC38A2, SLC1A5, and SLC7A1) and ileum (SLC1A5 and SLC7A1) was higher (p < 0.05) in the Mag group than in the Con group. Additionally, the serum metabolomics analysis showed that the addition of magnolol significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) arginine biosynthesis, as well as D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. Overall, these results suggested that dietary supplementation with magnolol has the potential to improve the accumulation of AAs, protein synthesis, immunity, and body health in growing pigs by increasing intestinal absorption and the transport of AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (J.D.)
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuanfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Institute of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhimei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (J.D.)
| | - Xianyong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (M.Y.); (Z.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (J.D.)
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Turban A, Gaubert S, Luque-Paz D, René C, Collet N, Pawlowski M, Bendavid C, Lefèvre CR. Validation of a short turnaround time automated method for the 24/7 determination of plasma d-lactate on Roche Cobas c502. Pract Lab Med 2023; 36:e00317. [PMID: 37425622 PMCID: PMC10329164 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2023.e00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Turban
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Gaubert
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - David Luque-Paz
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Réanimation Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Céline René
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Collet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Maxime Pawlowski
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Claude Bendavid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France
| | - Charles R Lefèvre
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Toxicologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, F-35033, Rennes, France
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Remund B, Yilmaz B, Sokollik C. D-Lactate: Implications for Gastrointestinal Diseases. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:945. [PMID: 37371177 DOI: 10.3390/children10060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
D-lactate is produced in very low amounts in human tissues. However, certain bacteria in the human intestine produce D-lactate. In some gastrointestinal diseases, increased bacterial D-lactate production and uptake from the gut into the bloodstream take place. In its extreme, excessive accumulation of D-lactate in humans can lead to potentially life-threatening D-lactic acidosis. This metabolic phenomenon is well described in pediatric patients with short bowel syndrome. Less is known about a subclinical rise in D-lactate. We discuss in this review the pathophysiology of D-lactate in the human body. We cover D-lactic acidosis in patients with short bowel syndrome as well as subclinical elevations of D-lactate in other diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, we argue for the potential of D-lactate as a marker of intestinal barrier integrity in the context of dysbiosis. Subsequently, we conclude that there is a research need to establish D-lactate as a minimally invasive biomarker in gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barblin Remund
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Sokollik
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Chen T, Chen Y, Li K, Chen Z, Zhao Q, Fan Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hao Z. Ginkgo biloba Extract Preventively Intervenes in Citrobacter Rodentium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15082008. [PMID: 37111225 PMCID: PMC10145670 DOI: 10.3390/nu15082008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a highly recurrent gastrointestinal disorder and global public health issue. However, it lacks effective and safe strategies for its control. Although Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has been suggested to exhibit preventive and therapeutic activity for the control of IBD, whether its activity is associated with its ability to modulate intestinal microbiota remains to be addressed. To investigate the effect of GBE on controlling IBD, a Citrobacter Rodentium (CR)-induced mouse colitis model was used, and then histopathological examinations, biochemical assays, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting were performed to detect histological changes, cytokines, and tight junction (TJ) proteins in the intestine samples. We also studied 16s rRNA to detect changes in intestinal microbiota and used GC-MS to determine the microbiota-related metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The results of our studies revealed that pre-treatment with GBE was sufficient for protecting the animals from CR-induced colitis. As a mechanism for GBE activity, GBE treatment was able to modulate the intestinal microbiota and increase the SCFAs capable of decreasing the pro-inflammatory factors and up-regulating the anti-inflammatory factors while elevating the intestinal-barrier-associated proteins to maintain the integrity of the intestines. Accordingly, our results led to a strong suggestion that GBE should be seriously considered in the preventive control of CR-induced colitis and in the development of effective and safe therapeutic strategies for controlling IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaiyuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
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Júnior DTV, de Amorim Rodrigues G, Soares MH, Silva CB, Frank EO, Gonzalez-Vega JC, Htoo JK, Brand HG, Silva BAN, Saraiva A. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improves performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs fed diets containing different fiber sources. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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13
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Fraga AZ, Campos PHRF, Hauschild L, Chalvon-Demersay T, Beaumont M, Le Floc’h N. A blend of functional amino acids and grape polyphenols improves the pig capacity to cope with an inflammatory challenge caused by poor hygiene of housing conditions. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:25. [PMID: 36717823 PMCID: PMC9887908 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with a blend of functional amino acids (AA) and grape extract polyphenols contributes to preserve intestinal health and growth performance of piglets during the post-weaning period. In the present experiment, we assessed if a supplementation with a mix of AA and grape extract polyphenols during the post-weaning period would persist to improve the pig capacity to cope with a subsequent challenge caused by poor hygiene of housing conditions. Eighty pigs weaned at 28 days of age were fed a standard diet supplemented (AAP) or not (CNT) with 0.2% of a blend of AA (glutamine, arginine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine) and grape extract polyphenols during the post-weaning period (from week 0 to 6). At week 6, pigs were transferred to a growing unit where 50% of pigs previously fed AAP and CNT diets were housed in good and the other 50% in poor hygiene conditions for 3 weeks (from week 7 to 9; challenge period). All pigs were fed a standard growing diet that was not supplemented with AAP. We measured pig growth performance, plasma indicators of inflammation, digestive integrity, and oxidative status, and scored fecal consistency. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS One week post-weaning, pigs fed AAP had lower plasma concentrations of haptoglobin than CNT pigs (P = 0.03). Six weeks post-weaning, plasma concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) were lower (P = 0.03) whereas those of vitamin E and A were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in pigs fed AAP compared to CNT pigs. The prevalence of diarrhea was higher in CNT pigs compared to AAP pigs (P < 0.01). During the challenge period, only pigs previously fed CNT diet had lower growth rate in poor than good conditions (P ≤ 0.05). They had also greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and oxidative stress index (OSI) and lower plasma concentrations of vitamin E in poor than good hygiene conditions (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pigs fed AAP diet during post-weaning had less diarrhea and plasma concentrations of a digestive integrity marker, as well as greater plasma concentrations of antioxidant indicators during the post-weaning period. The beneficial effects of AAP supplementation persisted after the post-weaning period as evidenced by the absence of effects of the hygiene challenge on growth and health indicators in pigs previously fed APP. This clearly indicated a greater ability of pigs fed AAP to cope with the poor hygiene conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alícia Zem Fraga
- grid.463756.50000 0004 0497 3491PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France ,grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900 Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Hauschild
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900 Brazil
| | | | - Martin Beaumont
- grid.508721.9GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Le Floc’h
- grid.463756.50000 0004 0497 3491PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
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Sánchez-Tirado E, Agüí L, González-Cortés A, Campuzano S, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM. Electrochemical (Bio)Sensing Devices for Human-Microbiome-Related Biomarkers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:837. [PMID: 36679633 PMCID: PMC9864681 DOI: 10.3390/s23020837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of the human microbiome is a multidisciplinary area ranging from the field of technology to that of personalized medicine. The possibility of using microbiota biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases (e.g., cancer), health conditions (e.g., obesity) or relevant processes (e.g., aging) has raised great expectations, also in the field of bioelectroanalytical chemistry. The well-known advantages of electrochemical biosensors-high sensitivity, fast response, and the possibility of miniaturization, together with the potential for new nanomaterials to improve their design and performance-position them as unique tools to provide a better understanding of the entities of the human microbiome and raise the prospect of huge and important developments in the coming years. This review article compiles recent applications of electrochemical (bio)sensors for monitoring microbial metabolites and disease biomarkers related to different types of human microbiome, with a special focus on the gastrointestinal microbiome. Examples of electrochemical devices applied to real samples are critically discussed, as well as challenges to be faced and where future developments are expected to go.
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15
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Ouyang J, Yan J, Zhou X, Isnard S, Harypursat V, Cui H, Routy JP, Chen Y. Relevance of biomarkers indicating gut damage and microbial translocation in people living with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1173956. [PMID: 37153621 PMCID: PMC10160480 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1173956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier has the daunting task of allowing nutrient absorption while limiting the entry of microbial products into the systemic circulation. HIV infection disrupts the intestinal barrier and increases intestinal permeability, leading to microbial product translocation. Convergent evidence has shown that gut damage and an enhanced level of microbial translocation contribute to the enhanced immune activation, the risk of non-AIDS comorbidity, and mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH). Gut biopsy procedures are invasive, and are not appropriate or feasible in large populations, even though they are the gold standard for intestinal barrier investigation. Thus, validated biomarkers that measure the degree of intestinal barrier damage and microbial translocation are needed in PLWH. Hematological biomarkers represent an objective indication of specific medical conditions and/or their severity, and should be able to be measured accurately and reproducibly via easily available and standardized blood tests. Several plasma biomarkers of intestinal damage, i.e., intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), zonulin, and regenerating islet-derived protein-3α (REG3α), and biomarkers of microbial translocation, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1,3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) have been used as markers of risk for developing non-AIDS comorbidities in cross sectional analyses and clinical trials, including those aiming at repair of gut damage. In this review, we critically discuss the value of different biomarkers for the estimation of gut permeability levels, paving the way towards developing validated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to repair gut epithelial damage and to improve overall disease outcomes in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian HIV Trials Network, Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vijay Harypursat
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Routy, ; Yaokai Chen,
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jean-Pierre Routy, ; Yaokai Chen,
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16
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Liu Y, Gu W, Liu X, Zou Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Han D, Wang J, Zhao J. Joint Application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis Improves Growth Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Integrity in Weaned Piglets. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120668. [PMID: 36548829 PMCID: PMC9781797 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effects of the joint application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, intestinal integrity, and gut microbiota composition in weaned piglets. The piglets were allocated randomly into 4 dietary groups, which were a control diet (NC), NC + 150 ppm mucilage sulfate (PC), and 3 additional diets containing 1 kg/t (LT), 1.5 kg/t (MT), or 2 kg/t (HT) mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Results showed that joint application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis increased ADFI and ADG of weaned piglets in d 14~28 and d 28~42 (p < 0.05), and decreased serum concentrations of DAO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-2. The LT group increased jejunal and colonic sIgA contents compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). Groups of MT and HT increased colonic mRNA expression of host defense peptides and tight junction proteins compared with the NC and PC groups. The joint application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis increased the abundance of colonic Lactobacillus compared with NC and PC groups (p < 0.10). In conclusion, the joint application of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis as an antibiotics alternative improved growth performance via promoting immune function and intestinal integrity of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Agent, Shandong Baolai Leelai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youwei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-156-0091-1358
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Circulating mtDNA and Impaired Intestinal Barrier after Gastrointestinal Surgery Are Correlated with Postoperative SIRS. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111933. [PMID: 36360170 PMCID: PMC9689839 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This prospective study aimed to explore the correlation between circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), intestinal barrier function impairment, and postoperative SIRS in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: Patients were recruited into this study after signing an informed consent form. Circulating mitochondrial DNA and serum DAO concentrations were measured preoperatively and on day 1 and day 7 postoperatively. Postoperative vitals, routine tests, and biochemical indicators were recorded in detail. Results: Forty patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were recruited for and completed this study. Patients were divided into non-fever, fever, and SIRS groups according to their postoperative temperature and other corresponding indexes. The mtDNA was expressed as the number of PCR cycles using three specific sequences. Circulating mtDNA tended to increase in patients after gastrointestinal surgery, but the difference was not significant. Nevertheless, mtDNA in the SIRS group was significantly higher than in patients in the fever and non-fever groups (p < 0.05). Serum DAO showed a trend of increase on the first day after surgery compared with that before surgery, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). However, patients in the SIRS group showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) compared with the others. Both circulating mtDNA and DAO showed a downward trend on the seventh day after surgery. Conclusions: Circulating mtDNA presented a trend of increase after gastrointestinal surgery, and the degree of the increased fold was related to the extent of the inflammation response. In general, the intestinal barrier damage indicator DAO was the same as mtDNA and tended to increase after gastrointestinal surgery and then gradually decrease, which may play a synergistic role in inducing postoperative fever and SIRS.
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Wan Z, Zhang X, Jia X, Qin Y, Sun N, Xin J, Zeng Y, Jing B, Fang J, Pan K, Zeng D, Bai Y, Wang H, Ma H, Ni X. Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 plays a protective role against endogenous pathogenic bacteria induced intestinal dysfunction by reconstructing gut microbiota in mice exposed at high altitude. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007737. [PMID: 36304467 PMCID: PMC9592553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the microecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract in various animals. Disturbances in the intestinal microbiota may lead to the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria that become the dominant species, leading to intestinal immune disorders, intestinal inflammation, and other intestinal diseases. Numerous studies have been confirmed that high-altitude exposure affects the normal function of the intestine and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. However, it is still necessary to reveal the changes in intestinal microbiota in high-altitude exposure environments, and clarify the relationship between the proliferation of potentially pathogenic bacteria and intestinal injury in this environment. In addition, explored probiotics that may have preventive effects against intestinal diseases. Methods and results C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups, a high-altitude group (HA), control group (C), and high-altitude probiotic group (HAP). The HA and HAP groups were subjected to hypoxia modeling for 14 days in a low-pressure oxygen chamber with daily gavage of 0.2 mL of normal saline (HA) and Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 bacterial fluid (HAP), while the control group was fed normally. L. johnsonii YH1136 was isolated from feces of a healthy Tibetan girl in Baingoin county, the Nagqu region of the Tibet Autonomous Region, at an altitude of 5000 meters. Our observations revealed that gavage of YH1136 was effective in improving the damage to the intestinal barrier caused by high-altitude exposure to hypoxic environments and helped to reduce the likelihood of pathogenic bacteria infection through the intestinal barrier. It also positively regulates the intestinal microbiota to the extent of Lactobacillus being the dominant microbiome and reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria. By analyzing the expression profile of ileal microRNAs and correlation analysis with intestinal microbiota, we found that Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium1 cooperated with miR-196a-1-3p and miR-3060-3p, respectively, to play a regulatory role in the process of high-altitude hypoxia-induced intestinal injury. Conclusion These findings revealed the beneficial effect of L. johnsonii YH1136 in preventing potential endogenous pathogenic bacteria-induced intestinal dysfunction in high-altitude environments. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of intestinal injury from the perspective of the gut microbiota as well as miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xufei Zhang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Xianhao Jia
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Yuhua Qin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinge Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Guangzhou Beneco Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Ma
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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19
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The Correlation between Endotoxin, D-Lactate, and Diamine Oxidase with Endoscopic Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9171436. [PMID: 36157220 PMCID: PMC9507744 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9171436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods A total of 149 eligible IBD patients including 82 Crohn disease (CD) and 67 Ulcerative colitis (UC) who had received both endoscopic examination and intestinal barrier function detection in our hospital were enrolled in this study. Endoscopic activity was estimated by the Simple Endoscopic Score (SES-CD) for Crohn's Disease and the ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) for ulcerative colitis. The predictive value and optimal predictive thresholds for those biomarkers were determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results For UC patients, DAO, D-lactate, and ETX showed better correlation with UCEIS than erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and exhibited satisfactory predictive value in predicting remission. Among patients with CD, DAO and ETX not only showed a better correlation than WBC, ESR, and CRP with SES-CD but also capable to identify more severe patients. Conclusion DAO and ETX could be used to distinguish different endoscopic activity of CD. DAO, D-lactate, and ETX could predict UC endoscopic remission.
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20
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Walker HK, Boag AM, Ottka C, Lohi H, Handel I, Gow AG, Mellanby RJ. Serum metabolomic profiles in dogs with chronic enteropathy. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1752-1759. [PMID: 35880501 PMCID: PMC9511094 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic profiles differ between healthy humans and those with inflammatory bowel disease. Few studies have examined metabolic profiles in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). HYPOTHESIS Serum metabolic profiles of dogs with CE are significantly different from those of healthy dogs. ANIMALS Fifty-five dogs with CE and 204 healthy controls. METHODS A cross-sectional study. The serum concentrations of 99 metabolites measured using a canine-specific proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform were studied. A 2-sample unpaired t-test was used to compare the 2 study samples. The threshold for significance was set at P < .05 with a Bonferroni correction for each metabolite group. RESULTS Nineteen metabolites and 18 indices of lipoprotein composition were significantly different between the CE and healthy dogs. Four metabolites were significantly higher in dogs with CE, including phenylalanine (mean and SD) (healthy: 0.0417 mmol/L; [SD] 0.0100; CE: 0.0480 mmol/L; SD: 0.0125; P value: <.001) and lactate (healthy: 1.8751 mmol/L; SD: 0.7808; CE: 2.4827 mmol/L; SD CE: 1.4166; P value: .003). Fifteen metabolites were significantly lower in dogs with CE, including total fatty acids, and glycine (healthy: 0.2273 mmol/L; SD: 0.0794; CE: 0.1828 mmol/L; SD CE: 0.0517; P value: <.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The metabolic profile of dogs with CE is significantly different from that of healthy dogs, this opens novel research avenues to develop better diagnostic and prognostic approaches as well as therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Walker
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Alisdair M Boag
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Ottka
- PetBiomics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- PetBiomics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ian Handel
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Adam G Gow
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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21
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Sun G, Song X, Zou Y, Teng T, Jiang L, Shi B. Dietary Glucose Ameliorates Impaired Intestinal Development and Immune Homeostasis Disorders Induced by Chronic Cold Stress in Pig Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147730. [PMID: 35887078 PMCID: PMC9317271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotherms are easily challenged by chronic cold stress. In this study, the development and injury of the small intestine in the Min pig model and Yorkshire pig model under chronic cold stress, and the molecular mechanisms by which glucose supplementation reduces small intestinal mucosal damage were investigated. The results showed that morphological structure lesions of the jejunal mucosa and ileal mucosa were visible in Yorkshire pigs under chronic cold stress. Meanwhile, the Occludin mRNA and protein expression in jejunal mucosa of Yorkshire pigs was decreased. Chronic cold stress enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the myeloid differentiation main response 88 (MyD88), nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3), cleaved caspase-1, mature-IL-1β, and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB 1) mRNA and protein expression in jejunal mucosa of Yorkshire pigs, whereas the mRNA and protein of Bax was triggered in ileal mucosa. In Min pigs, no such deleterious consequences were observed. Dietary glucose supplementation ameliorates small intestinal mucosal injury, declined TLR4 and MyD88 expression in jejunal mucosa. In conclusion, chronic cold stress induced the small intestinal mucosa damage in Yorkshire pigs, whereas glucose supplementation mitigated the deleterious effects of chronic cold stress on the small intestine.
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22
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Huang Y, Wu M, Xiao H, Liu H, Yang G. Mesalamine-Mediated Amelioration of Experimental Colitis in Piglets Involves Gut Microbiota Modulation and Intestinal Immune Cell Infiltration. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883682. [PMID: 35898495 PMCID: PMC9309220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesalamine (MES), also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid, is effective in treating mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanisms of its actions are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MES treatment on intestinal microbiota and immune system in an dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model in postweaning piglets. Eighteen weaned piglets were assigned randomly to the following treatments: control group (CON, distilled water), DSS group (DSS, 3% DSS), and MES group (MES, 3% DSS + 2 g/day MES). Our results showed that MES treatment alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets, as evidenced by a reduced diarrhea index score and increased average daily gain (P < 0.05). This is accompanied by decreased diamine oxidase activity, D-lactate level (P < 0.05), and attenuated mucosal damage. MES treatment also decreased the abundance of Methanogens and reduced colon CD11b+ macrophage and CD3+ T-cell infiltrations in piglets with DSS-induced colitis (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data indicate that MES treatment-mediated colitis protection may involve microbiota and immune cell alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Huang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Guan Yang,
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23
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Yuan M, Lin L, Cao H, Zheng W, Wu L, Zuo H, Tian X, Song H. Intestinal Microbiota Participates in the Protective Effect of HO-1/BMMSCs on Liver Transplantation With Steatotic Liver Grafts in Rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:905567. [PMID: 35756057 PMCID: PMC9226684 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.905567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have a protective effect on liver transplantation with steatotic liver grafts in rats, and to determine the role of the intestinal microbiota in such protection. HO-1/BMMSCs were obtained by transduction of Hmox1 gene [encoding heme oxygenase (HO-1)]-encoding adenoviruses into primary rat BMMSCs. Steatotic livers were obtained by feeding rats a high-fat diet, and a model of liver transplantation with steatotic liver grafts was established. The recipients were treated with BMMSCs, HO-1/BMMSCs, or neither, via the portal vein. Two time points were used: postoperative day 1 (POD 1) and POD 7. The results showed that under the effect of HO-1/BMMSCs, the degree of steatosis in the liver grafts was significantly reduced, and the level of liver enzymes and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma were reduced. The effect of HO-1/BMMSCs was better than that of pure BMMSCs in the prolongation of the rats' postoperative time. In addition, HO-1/BMMSCs promoted the recovery of recipients' intestinal structure and function, especially on POD 7. The intestinal villi returned to normal, the expression of tight junction proteins was restored, and intestinal permeability was reduced on POD 7. The intestinal bacterial of the LT group showed significantly weakened energy metabolism and overgrowth. On POD 1, the abundance of Akkermansiaceae was higher. On POD 7, the abundance of Clostridiaceae increased, the level of lipopolysaccharide increased, the intestinal mucosal barrier function was destroyed, and the levels of several invasive bacteria increased. When treated with HO-1/BMMSCs, the energy metabolism of intestinal bacteria was enhanced, and on POD 1, levels bacteria that protect the intestinal mucosa, such as Desulfovibrionaceae, increased significantly. On POD 7, the changed intestinal microbiota improved lipid metabolism and increased the levels of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, HO-1/BMMSCs have protective effects on steatotic liver grafts and the intestinal barrier function of the recipients. By improving lipid metabolism and increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, the changed intestinal microbiota has a protective effect and prolongs the recipients' survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Yuan
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Longlong Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiwen Zuo
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Tian
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
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24
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Huang H, Zhou L, Yu Y, Liu S, Xu H, Xu Z, Yang C, Liu C. Comparison of Deep and Moderate Neuromuscular Blockade on Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Laparoscopic Gastrectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:789597. [PMID: 35186973 PMCID: PMC8847255 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.789597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) improves the surgical conditions and is benefit for the postoperative recovery after laparoscopic surgery. However, the mechanisms of deep NMB in promoting the recovery of intestinal function have not been completely investigated. The objective of our study was to determine the impact of the deep NMB and moderate NMB strategy on the intestinal barrier function after laparoscopic gastrectomy. We collected patients undergoing elective laparoscopic gastrectomy. Patients were randomized to deep NMB (post-tetanic count 1–2) vs. moderate NMB (train-of-four count 1–2) during the surgery. Primary outcomes were time to flatus, serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate, and gut microbiota. Other outcomes were surgical condition scores, postoperative visual analog pain scores, and length of hospital stay. Ninety patients in deep NMB group and sixty patients in moderate NMB group completed the study. Main results showed that the time to flatus was decreased in deep NMB group (74 ± 32 h) than that in moderate NMB group (93 ± 52 h, P = 0.006). The level of serum D-lactate was statistically increased in the moderate NMB group than that in the deep NMB group (1,209 ± 224 vs. 1,164 ± 185 ng/ml, p < 0.001). But no significant differences could be detected in the level of DAO between the groups. Additionally, the 16s rRNA analysis indicated that gut microbiota were similar in Alpha diversity but distinct in Beta diversity. Furthermore, the beneficial bacteria, such as genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, were more abundant in the deep NMB group, while the potentially harmful bacteria were more abundant in the moderate NMB group. Our findings suggested that the intestinal mucosal barrier and gut microbiota were better preserved in deep NMB, which greatly improved the postoperative recovery of intestinal function after laparoscopic gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijiang Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cunming Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Wu Y, Wang W, Kim IH, Yang Y. Dietary hydrolyzed wheat gluten supplementation ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunctions of broilers challenged with Escherichia coli O78. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101615. [PMID: 34952261 PMCID: PMC8715217 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate a protective effect of hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) on Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced intestinal barrier dysfunctions in broilers. Broilers fed a basal diet unsupplemented or supplemented with HWG (0.5% or 1%) were intraperitoneally injected with either E. coli O78 suspension (108 CFU/mL) or equal volume of vehicle on d 18 of age. Blood and tissue samples were collected 3rd d post infection. The results showed that E. coli-infection increased immune-organ indexes of spleen and thymus, enhanced serum diamine oxidase (DAO) level, impaired ileal villus structure and reduced tight junction mRNA levels (Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1, P < 0.05), while increased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and TLR4 in the ileum of broilers (P < 0.05). The effects of E. coli O78 challenge on organ indexes of spleen and thymus, serum DAO level, mRNA levels of tight junctions were alleviated by 1% HWG supplementation, the upregulations of IL-1β and TLR4 were prevented by 0.5% HWG supplementation (P < 0.05). In addition, increased IFN-γ of E. coli-infected broilers was abrogated by 0.5% or 1% HWG supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary HWG supplementation ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunctions triggered by E. coli-infection in the ileum of broilers. HWG supplementation might be a nutritional strategy to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Nantong Tiancheng Modern Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd., Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226634 China
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, 330-714 Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
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26
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Maslennikov R, Ivashkin V, Efremova I, Poluektova E, Shirokova E. Gut-liver axis in cirrhosis: Are hemodynamic changes a missing link? World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9320-9332. [PMID: 34877269 PMCID: PMC8610853 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the condition of the gut and its microbiota greatly influence the course of liver disease, especially cirrhosis. This introduces the concept of the gut–liver axis, which can be imagined as a chain connected by several links. Gut dysbiosis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and intestinal barrier alteration lead to bacterial translocation, resulting in systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation further causes vasodilation, arterial hypotension, and hyperdynamic circulation, leading to the aggravation of portal hypertension, which contributes to the development of complications of cirrhosis, resulting in a poorer prognosis. The majority of the data underlying this model were obtained initially from animal experiments, and most of these correlations were further reproduced in studies including patients with cirrhosis. However, despite the published data on the relationship of the disorders of the gut microbiota with the complications of cirrhosis and the proposed pathogenetic role of hemodynamic disorders in their development, the direct relations between gut dysbiosis and hemodynamic changes in this disease are poorly studied. They remain a missing link in the gut–liver axis and a challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", Moscow 119435, Russia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Interregional Public Organization "Scientific Community for the Promotion of the Clinical Study of the Human Microbiome", Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Shirokova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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27
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Olaparib: A Clinically Applied PARP Inhibitor Protects from Experimental Crohn's Disease and Maintains Barrier Integrity by Improving Bioenergetics through Rescuing Glycolysis in Colonic Epithelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7308897. [PMID: 34567413 PMCID: PMC8457969 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7308897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder of the intestines characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction and mucosal damage. The activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is deeply involved in the pathomechanism of inflammation since it leads to energy depletion and mitochondrial failure in cells. Focusing on the epithelial barrier integrity and bioenergetics of epithelial cells, we investigated whether the clinically applied PARP inhibitor olaparib might improve experimental CD. We used the oral PARP inhibitor olaparib in the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced mouse colitis model. Inflammatory scoring, cytokine levels, colon histology, hematological analysis, and intestinal permeability were studied. Caco-2 monolayer culture was utilized as an epithelial barrier model, on which we used qPCR and light microscopy imaging, and measured impedance-based barrier integrity, FITC-dextran permeability, apoptosis, mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, and extracellular acidification rate. Olaparib reduced the inflammation score, the concentration of IL-1β and IL-6, enhanced the level of IL-10, and decreased the intestinal permeability in TNBS-colitis. Blood cell ratios, such as lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were improved. In H2O2-treated Caco-2 monolayer, olaparib decreased morphological changes, barrier permeability, and preserved barrier integrity. In oxidative stress, olaparib enhanced glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate), and it improved mitochondrial function (mitochondrial coupling efficiency, maximal respiration, and spare respiratory capacity) in epithelial cells. Olaparib, a PARP inhibitor used in human cancer therapy, improved experimental CD and protected intestinal barrier integrity by preventing its energetic collapse; therefore, it could be repurposed for the therapy of Crohn's disease.
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28
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Zhang L, Gui S, Xu Y, Zeng J, Wang J, Chen Q, Su L, Wang Z, Deng R, Chu F, Liu W, Jin X, Lu X. Colon tissue-accumulating mesoporous carbon nanoparticles loaded with Musca domestica cecropin for ulcerative colitis therapy. Theranostics 2021; 11:3417-3438. [PMID: 33537095 PMCID: PMC7847694 DOI: 10.7150/thno.53105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a modern refractory disease with steadily increasing incidence worldwide that urgently requires effective and safe therapies. Therapeutic peptides delivered using nanocarriers have shown promising developments for the treatment of UC. We developed a novel colon-accumulating oral drug delivery nanoplatform consisting of Musca domestica cecropin (MDC) and mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNs) and investigated its effects and mechanism of action for the treatment of UC. Methods: An optimized one-step soft templating method was developed to synthesize MCNs, into which MDC was loaded to fabricate MDC@MCNs. MCNs and MDC@MCNs were characterized by BET, XRD, and TEM. MDC and MDC@MCNs resistance to trypsin degradation was measured through Oxford cup antibacterial experiments using Salmonella typhimurium as the indicator. Uptake of MDC and MDC@MCNs by NCM460 cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The biocompatibility of MDC, MCNs, and MDC@MCNs was evaluated in three cell lines (NCM460, L02, and NIH3T3) and C57BL/6 mice. Dextran sulphate sodium was used to establish models of NCM460 cell injury and UC in mice. MTT assay, flow cytometry, and mitochondrial membrane potential assay were applied to determine the effects of MDC@MCNs on NCM460 cells injury. Additionally, a variety of biological methods such as H&E staining, TEM, ELISA, qPCR, Western blotting, and 16s rDNA sequencing were performed to explore the effects and underlying mechanism of MDC@MCN on UC in vivo. Colonic adhesion of MCNs was compared in normal and UC mice. The oral biodistributions of MDC and MDC@MCNs in the gastrointestinal tract of mice were also determined. Results: MDC@MCNs were successfully developed and exhibited excellent ability to resist destruction by trypsin and were taken up by NCM460 cells more readily than MDC. In vitro studies showed that MDC@MCNs better inhibited DSS-induced NCM460 cells damage with lower toxicity to L02 and NIH3T3 cells compared with MDC. In vivo results indicated that MDC@MCNs have good biocompatibility and significantly improved colonic injury in UC mice by effectively inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, maintaining colonic tight junctions, and regulating intestinal flora. Moreover, MDC@MCNs were strongly retained in the intestines, which was attributed to intestinal adhesion and aggregation of MCNs, serving as one of the important reasons for its enhanced efficacy after oral administration compared with MDC. Conclusion: MDC@MCNs alleviated DSS-induced UC by ameliorating colonic epithelial cells damage, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, enhancing colonic tight junctions, and regulating intestinal flora. This colon-accumulating oral drug delivery nanoplatform may provide a novel and precise therapeutic strategy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiqing Gui
- Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingru Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiang Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 Wai Huan Dong Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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29
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Leonard W, Zhang P, Ying D, Fang Z. Hydroxycinnamic acids on gut microbiota and health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:710-737. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Danyang Ying
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food Werribee Victoria Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
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30
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Noninvasive Biomarkers of Gut Barrier Function in Patients Suffering from Diarrhea Predominant-IBS: An Update. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:2886268. [PMID: 33110455 PMCID: PMC7582069 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2886268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier plays a crucial role in the absorption of nutrients and in preventing the entry of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic molecules. Several studies have shown a compromised intestinal barrier associated with low-grade inflammation in the small intestinal mucosa in celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), particularly in IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). In light of these new data, IBS is no longer considered a functional disease but rather a heterogeneous syndrome that has yet to be carefully studied. Therefore, investigating the integrity and function of the intestinal barrier is now essential to improving knowledge of the pathophysiology of IBS-D and to improving the management of IBS-D patients. However, the study of the intestinal barrier must clarify some still unsolved methodological aspects and propose standardised assays before becoming a useful diagnostic tool. In this framework, this review will discuss data about the tests that noninvasively evaluate the integrity and functionality of the human intestinal barrier, paying particular attention to patients with IBS-D, in both clinical and research situations.
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31
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Levitt MD, Levitt DG. Quantitative Evaluation of D-Lactate Pathophysiology: New Insights into the Mechanisms Involved and the Many Areas in Need of Further Investigation. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2020; 13:321-337. [PMID: 32982363 PMCID: PMC7490090 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s260600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to L-lactate, D-lactate is produced in minimal quantities by human cells, and the plasma D-lactate concentration normally is maintained at a concentration of only about 0.01 mM. However, in short bowel syndrome, colonic bacterial production of D-lactate may lead to plasma concentrations >3mM with accompanying acidosis and neurological symptoms - a syndrome known as D-lactic acidosis. Minor increases in plasma D-lactate have been observed in various gastrointestinal conditions such as ischemia, appendicitis and Crohn's disease, a finding touted to have diagnostic utility. The novel aspect of this review paper is the application of numerical values to the processes involved in D-lactate homeostasis that previously have been described only in qualitative terms. This approach provides a number of new insights into normal and disordered production, catabolism and excretion of D-lactate, and identifies multiple gaps in our understanding of D-lactate physiology that should be amenable to relatively simple investigative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Levitt
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN55417, USA
| | - David G Levitt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
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