PARP-1 Is a Potential Marker of Retinal Photooxidation and a Key Signal Regulator in Retinal Light Injury

Effect of Preoperative Glucocorticoid Application on Vitreous Parthanatos-Related Protein Expression in Patients with Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Associated with Choroidal Detachment

PURPOSE

The protein concentrations of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR), α-synuclein (α-SYN), monocyte chemotactic protein‑1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the vitreous of eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) were observed and analyzed.

METHODS

A total of 57 patients' samples were included. 30 patients with RRD were set as the control group, 27 patients with RRDCD were set as the experimental group (16 patients with preoperative glucocorticosteroid (GC+) and 11 patients without preoperative glucocorticosteroid (GC-)). The levels of AIF, MIF, IL-1β, PARP-1, PAR, α-SYN, MCP-1 and TNF-α in vitreous of patients in the control and experimental groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS

The concentration of AIF in the vitreous was higher in the RRD group (9.96 ± 2.78 ng/ml) than in the RRDCD (GC+) group (7.65 ± 2.13 ng/ml, p = 0.006),the RRDCD (GC+) group was lower than the RRDCD (GC-) group (10.28 ± 2.81 ng/ml) (p = 0.013). The concentration of MIF in vitreous fluid was lower in the RRDCD (GC+) group (61.21 ± 17.56 ng/ml) than in the RRDCD (GC-) group (74.30 ± 9.66 ng/ml, p = 0.039). In the experimental group, the protein concentration of MCP-1 in the RRDCD (GC+) group was higher in the preoperative PVR grading C (284.93 ± 54.96 ng/ml) grade than in the D grade (225.94 ± 24.05 ng/ml) (p = 0.050); The protein concentration of MIF was lower in the RRDCD (GC+) group of patients with an ocular axis of <26 mm (56.19 ± 6.99 ng/ml) than in those with an ocular axis of ≥26 mm (76.26 ± 26.60 ng/ml, p = 0.043).

CONCLUSION

Low expression of Parthanatos-related proteins is present in the vitreous of patients with RRDCD (GC+), and preoperative treatment with glucocorticoids may reduce the expression of Parthanatos-related proteins.

Light-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for retinal drug delivery: design cues, challenges and future perspectives

A multitude of sight-threatening retinal diseases, affecting hundreds of millions around the globe, lack effective pharmacological treatments due to ocular barriers and common drug delivery limitations. Polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) are versatile drug carriers with sustained drug release profiles and tunable physicochemical properties which have been explored for ocular drug delivery to both anterior and posterior ocular tissues. PNPs can incorporate a wide range of drugs and overcome the challenges of conventional retinal drug delivery. Moreover, PNPs can be engineered to respond to specific stimuli such as ultraviolet, visible, or near-infrared light, and allow precise spatiotemporal control of the drug release, enabling tailored treatment regimens and reducing the number of required administrations. The objective of this study is to emphasize the therapeutic potential of light-triggered drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles to treat retinal diseases through an exploration of ocular pathologies, challenges in drug delivery, current production methodologies and recent applications. Despite challenges, light-responsive PNPs hold the promise of substantially enhancing the treatment landscape for ocular diseases, aiming for an improved quality of life for patients.