Vulvar myiasis during pregnancy

A Rare Case of Urogenital Myiasis in a 49-Year-Old Woman

Myiasis refers to the infestation of living vertebrae with fly larvae, principally occurring in individuals with a low socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene. Myiasis is rarely manifested in the urogenital system. Herein, we report a case of urogenital myiasis in a 49-year-old rural woman complaining of maggots in the urine and severe genital itching.

Urogenital myiasis - An atypical presentation

The infestation of the human body by maggots has been reported worldwide and occurs most commonly in people of lower socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene. Urogenital is the rarest site of myiasis presentations. Here we report the case of a 20-year-old, sexually inactive female student who presented with a necrotic growth in the paraurethral region infested with numerous maggots. The lesion involved the urethra and the bladder base. She was treated with debridement and bladder irrigation. The cystoscopy and local examination performed 2 weeks after admission, confirmed the complete healing of the urogenital lesion. Managing this patient’s unique challenge was to assess the extent of the involvement and removal of all maggots from the deepest wound portion. The female internal and external urogenital myiasis is a very occasional and under-reported health hazard. Reporting such cases increases the public and physician awareness about the mode of presentation, right diagnosis, and available treatment options.

A review on the occurrence of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Brazil

Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel, 1858), the New World screwworm, causes primary myiasis in wild and domestic animals in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Although this species is considered to occur throughout the country, organized information about its recorded distribution has not been available until now. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the historical and current data published on both immature (myiasis) and adult stages of C. hominivorax in Brazil. A total of 174 articles were found; of these, 141 articles reported myiasis cases in cattle (146 records), humans (68 records), and other mammalian hosts (40 records), and captures of adult flies were reported in 33 articles. C. hominivorax is widespread in Brazil, having been recorded in 208 municipalities in all major biomes of the country.

Umbilical Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax in an Infant in Colombia

Myasis is the infestation by fly larvae (Diptera) in live vertebrates including humans. Myasis has been reported most commonly in tropical and subtropical areas around the world with poor sanitation and presence of cattle. Neonatal umbilical myiasis is an important cause of death in bovines and produces major economic losses in the livestock industry. However, its presentation in humans is rare, with a few cases reported worldwide. Moreover, umbilical myasis can be life-treating due to the risk of larvae migration to deeper tissues of the abdomen, omphalitis, and sepsis. We describe the case of a 7-day-old infant admitted to the hospital due to umbilical cord myiasis. In total, 55 larvae were removed from the wound and identified as Cochliomyia hominivorax. The patient recovered satisfactorily after treatment with ivermectin and amoxicillin. A literature search was performed in Pubmed, Medline, Lilacs and Google Scholar, with 64 cases of myasis by C. hominivorax being reviewed. Oral cavity, wounds, scalp and natural orifices are the main affected anatomical areas. Risk factors include the extremes of age, male sex, poor hygiene, alcohol and drug use, cancer, and mental disability. Programs for human myiasis prevention and surveillance are needed in neotropical areas where living conditions make it difficult to implement control strategies.

Occurrence of human urogenital myiasis due to neglected personal hygiene: a review

Myiasis, the infestation of tissues or organs of vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae, is a common parasitic problem among domestic and wild mammals. The condition, which is also witnessed in humans, is relatively frequent in rural areas where people are in close contact with domestic animals. It is a subject of medical and veterinary importance, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Human myiasis is generally encountered in open neglected wounds but can also affect body orifices with foetid discharge, such as the oral cavity, eyes, ears, anus and urogenital tract. Urogenital myiasis involves infestation of the urinary tract, as well as genital organs such as vaginal or penile orifices, with fly larvae. The condition is a rare among humans inhabiting developed countries but relatively more common in patients of low socio-economic status with poor hygienic conditions in developing countries. Damage varies from superficial to massive infestation, which may result in severe problems or even death of the individual. In the present study, the authors reviewed the past literature describing the cases of human urogenital myiasis, causative fly species and risk factors. The aim of the present article is to document the predisposing risk factors and provide guidelines for prevention and control of urogenital myiasis among humans. Besides poor genital hygienic conditions, other factors leading to urogenital myiasis include psychiatric disorders, the use of urinary catheters and uterine prolapse. Prevention of the condition is of utmost importance and involves the dressing and covering of open wounds, maintaining proper personal hygiene and control of fly populations.

Incidence of myiasis among humans-a review

Myiasis, the infestation of tissues of live humans and other vertebrate animals with dipteran larvae (maggots), is a phenomenon of widespread occurrence throughout the tropical regions of the world. It is commonly seen in domestic and wild animals but occurs rarely in man also. The tissue invasion in man by maggots is generally a well-recognized complication of neglected wounds. The condition may be asymptomatic but occasionally results in more or less severe problems and even death when larvae invade body cavities or areas that forbid their direct visual examination. Many cases of myiasis, however, usually do not reach the attention of medical practitioners because of the tendency of the mature larvae to migrate out of the lesion for pupation. In the present study, the authors reviewed the past literature describing the cases of human myiasis, causative fly species and predisposing factors for the onset of the same. The aim of the present manuscript is to provide a database for the future reference of medical entomologists, medical practitioners and veterinarians. Review of literature revealed that 37 fly species belonging to ten families were responsible worldwide for the onset of human myiasis. The incidence of myiasis among humans can be correlated to increasing fly populations, poor hygienic conditions and presence of domestic animals in the close vicinity. Other factors responsible for myiasis include neglected open wounds and foul-smelling discharge from natural body openings. Moreover, ignorance plays a key role in its occurrence since people are generally unaware about the actual cause and often correlate the condition to their superstitious beliefs. It is emphasized that the patients should not neglect their wounds and should take proper medical care; otherwise, myiasis may supervene.

First Record of Urogenital Myiasis Induced by Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) from Iran

Myiasis is the infestation of organs and tissues of human and animals with fly larvae. This article reports an 18 year-old man with urogenital myiasis, the passing of live Megaselia scalaris larvae in the urine, from Zanjan City, northwest of Iran. We discourse the importance of diagnosis and management of urogenital myiasis in medicine.

First report of Oriental latrine flies causing vaginal myiasis in human

The present paper reports a case of human vaginal myiasis in a 22 year old woman. This is the first report of this fly species to cause vaginal myiasis in human till now. The infested maggots were removed from the vagina and cultured in laboratory. Entomological studies on the emerged flies showed that the infested larvae were Oriental latrine fly Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius. Clinical presentation and treatment strategies are discussed also.

Myiasis in female external genitalia

Myiasis is derived from the Greek word-"Myia", meaning "fly". The term was first introduced by Hope in 1840 and refers to the infestation of human beings with dipterous larvae (maggots). Presence of maggots on exposed parts is already known, but on covered parts like external genitalia it is very rare. We hereby describe a case of young unmarried female who presented with multiple sinuses over external genitalia along with maggots coming out of it.

Myiasis

Myiasis is defined as the infestation of live vertebrates (humans and/or animals) with dipterous larvae. In mammals (including humans), dipterous larvae can feed on the host's living or dead tissue, liquid body substance, or ingested food and cause a broad range of infestations depending on the body location and the relationship of the larvae with the host. In this review, we deeply discuss myiasis as a worldwide infestation with different agents and with its broad scenario of clinical manifestations as well as diagnosis techniques and treatment.

Insects are Crawling in My Genital Warts

A 23-year-old woman presented with large exophytic genital wart arising from perineum, vulva, introitus of the vagina, and inner aspect of thighs. Patient developed severe itching and formication (insect-crawling sensation) in the lesions for past 1 week, though careful examination did not reveal any insects. Considering that the disease was causing psychological stress and physical symptoms, radiofrequency excision was planned. However, during the procedure, several maggots appeared from the crypts. The procedure was abandoned and maggots were removed manually. Subsequently external giant warts were removed using radiofrequency device. There was no recurrence of excised warts during 3 month follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of maggots in genital warts.

Myiase préputiale: à propos d’une observation

Nous rapportons un cas de myiase préputiale chez un enfant qui a consulté pour une tuméfaction pénienne douloureuse faisant croire à une balanoposthite. Le traitement a consisté à une extraction manuelle du ver suivie d’une circoncision. L’examen parasitologique du ver a permis d’identifier une larve de Cordylobia anthropophaga de stade 3. À travers cette observation et une revue de la littérature, nous allons discuter des particularités épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des myiases humaines.

Myiasis arising in condylomata acuminata: an unusual presentation

Myiasis is infestation of skin, mucosa, orifices or natural cavities of humans or animals by larvae of flying dipterous insects that, at least for a certain period of their life cycle, feed from live or necrotic tissue of the host. The distribution is worldwide with more cases being reported from tropical, subtropical and warm temperate areas. This report describes a rare case of perianal condylomata acuminata complicated with myiasis due to Chrysomya bezziana, seen in the presence of poor hygiene in a tropical country with a high fly population.

The genus Dietzia: a new home for some known and emerging opportunist pathogens

The genus Dietzia has only been established fairly recently. The Gram morphology and colony appearance of the species of this genus is remarkably similar to Rhodococcus equi. In the absence of simple, accurate methods for their identification, Dietzia spp. might have been misidentified as a Rhodococcus spp. and/or considered to be contaminants only. This MiniReview is designed to summarize current evidence on the clinical significance of Dietzia species, to consider their potential role as human pathogens, and to outline approaches that can be used to accurately classify and identify members of the genus, with the overall aim of alerting the medical microbiological community to a little known genus that contains clinically significant organisms.

Myiasis in the uterine cavity of an elderly woman with a complete uterine prolapse

Myiasis is the infestation of the tissues of vertebrate animals by the larvae of flies (maggots). As the condition generally occurs in exposed areas of the body, genital myiasis is a rare condition, and myiasis of the uterine cavity is even rarer, only one case having been previously described in the literature. The case reported here describes myiasis of the uterine cavity and ulcerated vaginal mucosa of an 89-year-old woman with a severe (third-degree) genital prolapse. This case describes an extremely rare situation, and emphasizes the need for good hygiene and surgical correction in patients with a genital prolapse.

Screwworms

New World and Old World screwworms pose threats to the livestock industry in the United States and other countries. Diligence on the part of veterinarians, physicians, and their respective staffs is essential to protect the livestock industry.

Penile myiasis: a case report

We report a case of penile myiasis in a Brazilian man caused by the larva of Dermatobia hominis. Myiasis is a parasitic disease of humans and other vertebrates caused by larvae of several fly species. Although urinary myiasis is well recognised, infestation of the genital tissue is a rare occurrence. Once the diagnosis has been made, the treatment is usually straightforward and uncomplicated.