2
|
Pal A, Mahato S, Leca JB, Sinha A. Blowing the lid off! Bottle-directed, extractive foraging strategies in synurbic bonnet macaques Macaca radiata in southern India. Front Psychol 2023; 13:973566. [PMID: 36755978 PMCID: PMC9900441 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.973566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman individuals and groups, living in anthropogenic landscapes, often adopt adaptive foraging strategies, mediated by their day-to-day interactions with humans and their artefacts. Exploring such novel behavioral manifestations, especially in the Anthropocene, offers us insights into behavioral innovations and their transmission in such rapidly changing ecologies. In this study, employing field experiments, we investigated an example of human-induced, extractive foraging behavior - the extraction of liquid contents from plastic bottles - in a synurbic bonnet macaque Macaca radiata population. The main aims of the study were to examine the distribution, diversity, inter-individual variability and intra-individual flexibility of bottle-directed manipulative behaviors, and to explore the social and environmental factors driving this behavioral practice. We video-recorded the manipulation of partially filled plastic bottles and the extraction of liquid across four groups of bonnet macaques in southern India. Two socio-demographic factors - age class and group membership - and one environmental factor - food provisioning - were identified as major determinants of inter-individual variation in the performance of sophisticated manipulative techniques and in bottle-opening success. Our results also suggest that age-related physical maturation, experiential trial-and-error learning, and possibly social learning contributed to the acquisition of foraging competence in this task. These findings illuminate the mechanisms underlying inter-individual behavioral variability and intra-individual behavioral flexibility amongst free-ranging individuals of a cercopithecine primate species, traditionally known for its ecological adaptability and behavioral plasticity. Finally, this study documents how the presence of humans, their artefacts and their activities facilitate the development of certain behavioral traditions in free-ranging nonhuman populations, thus providing valuable insights into how human-alloprimate relations can be restructured within the increasingly resource-competitive environments of the Anthropocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Pal
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India
| | - Santanu Mahato
- Biopsychology Laboratory and Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Jean-Baptiste Leca
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India.,Department of Psychology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Anindya Sinha
- Animal Behaviour and Cognition Programme, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India.,Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,College of Humanities, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahato S, Ghosh T, Sinha SK, Yardi K, Bharucha E. Jungle cat ( Felis chaus) in farmlands: potential benefits of coexistence and human-wildlife conflicts in West Bengal, India. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2022.2152102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Mahato
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research (BVIEER), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
- Biopsychology Laboratory and Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
| | - Tanmoy Ghosh
- Belun Biodiversity Research Centre, Katwa, Purba Bardhaman, India
| | - Shuvra K. Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Sreegopal Banerjee College, Hooghly, India
| | - Kranti Yardi
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research (BVIEER), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Erach Bharucha
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research (BVIEER), Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumara HN, Babu S, Rao GB, Mahato S, Bhattacharya M, Rao NVR, Tamiliniyan D, Parengal H, Deepak D, Balakrishnan A, Bilaskar M. Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1339. [PMID: 35079039 PMCID: PMC8789773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wind turbines have been recognised as an alternative and clean-energy source with a low environmental impact. The selection of sites for wind-farm often creates serious conservation concerns on biodiversity. Wind turbines have become a serious threat to migratory birds as they collide with the turbine blades in some regions across the globe, while the impact on terrestrial mammals is relatively less explored. In this context, we assessed the responses of birds and mammals to the wind turbines in central Karnataka, India from January 2016 to May 2018 using carcass searches to quantify animal collisions (i.e., birds and bats), fixed radius point count for bird population parameters, and an occupancy framework for assessing the factor that determines the spatial occurrence of terrestrial mammals. The mean annual animal fatality rate per wind turbine was 0.26/year. Species richness, abundance, and unique species of birds were relatively higher in control sites over wind turbine sites. Species and functional compositions of birds in control sites were different from wind turbine sites, explaining the varied patterns of bird assemblages of different feeding guilds. Blackbuck, Chinkara, Golden Jackal, and Jungle Cat were less likely to occupy sites with a high number of wind turbines. The study indicates that certain bird and mammal species avoided wind turbine-dominated sites, affecting their distribution pattern. This is of concern to the management of the forested areas with wind turbines. We raised conservation issues and mitigating measures to overcome the negative effects of wind turbines on animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honnavalli N Kumara
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.
| | - S Babu
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.
| | - G Babu Rao
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Santanu Mahato
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.,Biopsychology Laboratory, Institution of Excellence, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570006, India
| | - Malyasri Bhattacharya
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.,Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Nitin Venkatesh Ranga Rao
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | - D Tamiliniyan
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | - Harif Parengal
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.,Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Deepak
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India
| | - Athira Balakrishnan
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.,National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Mahesh Bilaskar
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, Anaikatty, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641108, India.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mondal PC, Mahato S, Chakraborty B, Sinha SK. First report of Oriental latrine flies causing vaginal myiasis in human. J Parasit Dis 2015; 40:1243-1245. [PMID: 27876924 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper reports a case of human vaginal myiasis in a 22 year old woman. This is the first report of this fly species to cause vaginal myiasis in human till now. The infested maggots were removed from the vagina and cultured in laboratory. Entomological studies on the emerged flies showed that the infested larvae were Oriental latrine fly Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius. Clinical presentation and treatment strategies are discussed also.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Chandra Mondal
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital, Gobindanagar, Bankura, 722102 West Bengal India
| | - Santanu Mahato
- Department of Zoology, Sonamukhi College, Sonamukhi, Bankura, 722 207 West Bengal India
| | - Barunoday Chakraborty
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital, Gobindanagar, Bankura, 722102 West Bengal India
| | - Shuvra Kanti Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Sonamukhi College, Sonamukhi, Bankura, 722 207 West Bengal India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarkar P, Mukherjee J, Ghosh A, Bhattacharjee M, Mahato S, Chakraborty A, Mondal M, Banerjee C, Chaudhuri S. A Comparative Analysis of Immunorestoration and Recovery with Conventional and Immunotherapeutic Protocols in Canine Generalized Demodicosis: A Newer Insight of Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of T11TS. Immunol Invest 2009; 33:453-68. [PMID: 15624702 DOI: 10.1081/imm-200038753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Demodex canis is a natural inhabiting mite of canine skin. Immunological disorder or genetic disorder induces the Demodex population to proliferate vigorously resulting in generalized demodicosis with consequent chronic immunosuppression. Signs of generalized demodicosis include alopecia, crysting, erythema, secondary pyoderma etc. Amitraz, an acaricide, is used conventionally for the treatment of generalized demodicosis. In many instances, the disease relapses due to the residual immunosuppression. The need of an immunorestorative therapy has been urged in generalized demodicosis. Two immunorestorative drugs, namely, Immuplus, a herbal drug, and T11TS, a sheep erythrocyte surface glycoprotein, has been used in two separate groups of dogs having generalized demodicosis and receiving Amitraz treatment. It was observed that though Amitraz treated group responded to the therapy showing increased E-rosettes and nonspecific cytotoxic efficacy of T-lymphocytes and decrease in phagocytic potential of macrophages, the groups treated with the immunotherapeutics like Immuplus and T11TS, responded better. However, the group treated with T11TS showed best recovery. These results emphasize the need for an immunorestorative therapy in generalized demodicosis and provide data in favor of T11TS as a better immunomodulator in comparison to Immuplus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Sarkar
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Dr. B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata 700020, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|