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Cai YX, Liu JS, Xu J, He YZ, Zhang HN, Tian SF, Li ZQ. Primary intracranial sarcomas: a clinicopathological investigation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1195467. [PMID: 37361584 PMCID: PMC10288519 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1195467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study is to present a series of primary intracranial sarcomas (PIS), a rare type of tumor of the central nervous system, in order to improve our understanding of the disease. These tumors are heterogeneous and prone to recurrence after resection, exhibiting a high mortality rate. As PIS has yet to be understood and studied on a large scale, it is vital for further evaluation and research. Methods Our study included 14 cases of PIS. The patients' clinical, pathological, and imaging features were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, targeted DNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) was applied for the 481-gene panel to detect gene mutations. Results The average age for PIS patients was 31.4 years. Headache (7, 50.0%) was the most common symptom leading to the hospital visit. Twelve cases had PIS located in the supratentorial area and two in the cerebellopontine angle region. The maximum tumor diameter ranged from 19.0 mm to 130.0 mm, with an average diameter of 50.3 mm. Pathological types of tumors were heterogeneous, with chondrosarcoma being the most common, followed by fibrosarcoma. Eight of the 10 PIS cases that underwent MRI scanning showed gadolinium enhancement; 7 of these cases were heterogeneous, and 1 of them was garland-like. Targeted sequencing was performed in two cases and identified mutations in genes such as NRAS, PIK3CA, BAP1, KDR, BLM, PBRM1, TOP2A, DUSP2, and CNV deletions of SMARCB1. Additionally, the SH3BP5::RAF1 fusion gene was also detected. Of the 14 patients, 9 underwent a gross total resection (GTR), and 5 chose subtotal resection. Patients who underwent GTR displayed a trend toward superior survival. Among the 11 patients with available follow-up information, one had developed lung metastases, three had died, and eight were alive. Conclusion PIS is extremely rare compared to extracranial soft sarcomas. The most common histological type of intracranial sarcoma (IS) is chondrosarcoma. Patients who underwent GTR of these lesions showed improved survival rates. Recent advancements in NGS aided in the identification of diagnostic and therapeutic PIS-relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Cai
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Ze He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huai-Nian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Fang Tian
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Naipauer J, Mesri EA. The Kaposi's sarcoma progenitor enigma: KSHV-induced MEndT-EndMT axis. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:188-200. [PMID: 36635149 PMCID: PMC9957928 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been described in tumors as a source of mesenchymal stroma, while the reverse process has been proposed in tumor vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. A human oncogenic virus, Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV), can regulate both processes in order to transit through this transition 'boulevard' when infecting KS oncogenic progenitor cells. Endothelial or mesenchymal circulating progenitor cells can serve as KS oncogenic progenitors recruited by inflammatory cytokines because KSHV can reprogram one into the other through endothelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-endothelial transitions. Through these novel insights, the identity of the potential oncogenic progenitor of KS is revealed while gaining knowledge of the biology of the mesenchymal-endothelial differentiation axis and pointing to this axis as a therapeutic target in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Naipauer
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Tumor Biology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; University of Miami- Center for AIDS Research (UM-CFAR)/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Enrique A Mesri
- Tumor Biology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; University of Miami- Center for AIDS Research (UM-CFAR)/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Argentina Consortium for Research and Training in Virally Induced AIDS-Malignancies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Miami Center for AIDS Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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3
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Safaric Tepes P, Segovia D, Jevtic S, Ramirez D, Lyons SK, Sordella R. Patient-derived xenografts and in vitro model show rationale for imatinib mesylate repurposing in HEY1-NCoA2-driven mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:1038-1049. [PMID: 36775418 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a high-grade malignancy that represents 2-9% of chondrosarcomas and mostly affects children and young adults. HEY1-NCoA2 gene fusion is considered to be a driver of tumorigenesis and it has been identified in 80% of MCS tumors. The shortage of MCS samples and biological models creates a challenge for the development of effective therapeutic strategies to improve the low survival rate of MCS patients. Previous molecular studies using immunohistochemical staining of patient samples suggest that activation of PDGFR signaling could be involved in MCS tumorigenesis. This work presents the development of two independent in vitro and in vivo models of HEY1-NCoA2-driven MCS and their application in a drug repurposing strategy. The in vitro model was characterized by RNA sequencing at the single-cell level and successfully recapitulated relevant MCS features. Imatinib, as well as specific inhibitors of ABL and PDGFR, demonstrated a highly selective cytotoxic effect targeting the HEY1-NCoA2 fusion-driven cellular model. In addition, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of MCS harboring the HEY1-NCoA2 fusion were developed from a primary tumor and its distant metastasis. In concordance with in vitro observations, imatinib was able to significantly reduce tumor growth in MCS-PDX models. The conclusions of this study serve as preclinical results to revisit the clinical efficacy of imatinib in the treatment of HEY1-NCoA2-driven MCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Safaric Tepes
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Danilo Segovia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Sania Jevtic
- Phytoform Labs Ltd., Lawes Open Innovation Hub, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England, UK
| | - Daniel Ramirez
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 535 E 70th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Scott K Lyons
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Raffaella Sordella
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
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4
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Smith RS, Odintsov I, Liu Z, Lui AJW, Hayashi T, Vojnic M, Suehara Y, Delasos L, Mattar MS, Hmeljak J, Ramirez HA, Shaw M, Bui G, Hartono AB, Gladstone E, Kunte S, Magnan H, Khodos I, De Stanchina E, La Quaglia MP, Yao J, Laé M, Lee SB, Spraggon L, Pratilas CA, Ladanyi M, Somwar R. Novel patient-derived models of DSRCT enable validation of ERBB signaling as a potential therapeutic vulnerability. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:273569. [PMID: 34841430 PMCID: PMC8807576 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is characterized by the t(11;22)(p13;q12) translocation, which fuses the transcriptional regulatory domain of EWSR1 with the DNA-binding domain of WT1, resulting in the oncogenic EWSR1-WT1 fusion protein. The paucity of DSRCT disease models has hampered preclinical therapeutic studies on this aggressive cancer. Here, we developed preclinical disease models and mined DSRCT expression profiles to identify genetic vulnerabilities that could be leveraged for new therapies. We describe four DSRCT cell lines and one patient-derived xenograft model. Transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical profiling showed evidence of activation of the ERBB pathway. Ectopic expression of EWSR1-WT1 resulted in upregulation of ERRB family ligands. Treatment of DSRCT cell lines with ERBB ligands resulted in activation of EGFR, ERBB2, ERK1/2 and AKT, and stimulation of cell growth. Antagonizing EGFR function with shRNAs, small-molecule inhibitors (afatinib, neratinib) or an anti-EGFR antibody (cetuximab) inhibited proliferation of DSRCT cells. Finally, treatment of mice bearing DSRCT xenografts with a combination of cetuximab and afatinib significantly reduced tumor growth. These data provide a rationale for evaluating EGFR antagonists in patients with DSRCT. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: Novel models of desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) reveal a role for the ERBB pathway in regulating growth of this sarcoma and provide a rationale for evaluating EGFR antagonists in patients with DSRCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S Smith
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Odintsov
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zebing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan Jo-Weng Lui
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Morana Vojnic
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Suehara
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Delasos
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marissa S Mattar
- Anti-tumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julija Hmeljak
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hillary A Ramirez
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Shaw
- Gerstner School of Graduate Studies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabrielle Bui
- Gerstner School of Graduate Studies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eric Gladstone
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siddharth Kunte
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heather Magnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inna Khodos
- Anti-tumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa De Stanchina
- Anti-tumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael P La Quaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinjuan Yao
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marick Laé
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean B Lee
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lee Spraggon
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Fiore M, Sambri A, Spinnato P, Zucchini R, Giannini C, Caldari E, Pirini MG, De Paolis M. The Biology of Synovial Sarcoma: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:109. [PMID: 34687366 PMCID: PMC8541977 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
New molecular insights are being achieved in synovial sarcoma (SS) that can provide new potential diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets. In particular, the advancement of research on epigenomics and gene regulation is promising. The concrete hypothesis that the pathogenesis of SS might mainly depend on the disruption of the balance of the complex interaction between epigenomic regulatory complexes and the consequences on gene expression opens interesting new perspectives. The standard of care for primary SS is wide surgical resection combined with radiation in selected cases. The role of chemotherapy is still under refinement and can be considered in patients at high risk of metastasis or in those with advanced disease. Cytotoxic chemotherapy (anthracyclines, ifosfamide, trabectedin, and pazopanib) is the treatment of choice, despite several possible side effects. Many possible drug-able targets have been identified. However, the impact of these strategies in improving SS outcome is still limited, thus making current and future research strongly needed to improve the survival of patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiore
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Sambri
- Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Emilia Caldari
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Pirini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Paolis
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Padda SK, Gökmen-Polar Y, Hellyer JA, Badve SS, Singh NK, Vasista SM, Basu K, Kumar A, Wakelee HA. Genomic clustering analysis identifies molecular subtypes of thymic epithelial tumors independent of World Health Organization histologic type. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1178-1186. [PMID: 34136086 PMCID: PMC8202771 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Further characterization of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) is needed. Genomic information from 102 evaluable TETs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and from the IU-TAB-1 cell line (type AB thymoma) underwent clustering analysis to identify molecular subtypes of TETs. Six novel molecular subtypes (TH1-TH6) of TETs from the TCGA were identified, and there was no association with WHO histologic subtype. The IU-TAB-1 cell line clustered into the TH4 molecular subtype and in vitro testing of candidate therapeutics was performed. The IU-TAB-1 cell line was noted to be resistant to everolimus (mTORC1 inhibitor) and sensitive to nelfinavir (AKT1 inhibitor) across the endpoints measured. Sensitivity to nelfinavir was due to the IU-TAB-1 cell line’s gain-of function (GOF) mutation in PIK3CA and amplification of genes observed from array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), including AURKA, ERBB2, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFB, that are known upregulate AKT, while resistance to everolimus was primarily driven by upregulation of downstream signaling of KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFB in the presence of mTORC1 inhibition. We present a novel molecular classification of TETs independent of WHO histologic subtype, which may be used for preclinical validation studies of potential candidate therapeutics of interest for this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmani K Padda
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jessica A Hellyer
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sunil S Badve
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Heather A Wakelee
- Stanford University School of Medicine/Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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7
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Contreras O, Córdova-Casanova A, Brandan E. PDGF-PDGFR network differentially regulates the fate, migration, proliferation, and cell cycle progression of myogenic cells. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110036. [PMID: 33971280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) regulate embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and wound healing through their binding to PDGF receptors, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ. However, the role of PDGF signaling in regulating muscle development and regeneration remains elusive, and the cellular and molecular responses of myogenic cells are understudied. Here, we explore the PDGF-PDGFR gene expression changes and their involvement in skeletal muscle myogenesis and myogenic fate. By surveying bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell profiling data of skeletal muscle stem cells, we show that myogenic progenitors and muscle stem cells differentially express PDGF ligands and PDGF receptors during myogenesis. Quiescent adult muscle stem cells and myoblasts preferentially express PDGFRβ over PDGFRα. Remarkably, cell culture- and injury-induced muscle stem cell activation altered PDGF family gene expression. In myoblasts, PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB treatments activate two pro-chemotactic and pro-mitogenic downstream transducers, RAS-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT. PDGFRs inhibitor AG1296 inhibited ERK1/2 and AKT activation, myoblast migration, proliferation, and cell cycle progression induced by PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB. We also found that AG1296 causes myoblast G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Remarkably, PDGF-AA did not promote a noticeable ERK1/2 or AKT activation, myoblast migration, or expansion. Also, myogenic differentiation reduced the expression of both PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, whereas forced PDGFRα expression impaired myogenesis. Thus, our data highlight PDGF signaling pathway to stimulate satellite cell proliferation aiming to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration and provide a deeper understanding of the role of PDGF signaling in non-fibroblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington 2052, Australia; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Adriana Córdova-Casanova
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150 Santiago, Chile; Fundación Ciencia & Vida, 7780272 Santiago, Chile
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8
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Candidate Biomarkers for Specific Intraoperative Near-Infrared Imaging of Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030557. [PMID: 33535618 PMCID: PMC7867119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Near-infrared imaging of tumors during surgery facilitates the oncologic surgeon to distinguish malignant from healthy tissue. The technique is based on fluorescent tracers binding to tumor biomarkers on malignant cells. Currently, there are no clinically available fluorescent tracers that specifically target soft tissue sarcomas. This review searched the literature to find candidate biomarkers for soft tissue sarcomas, based on clinically used therapeutic antibodies. The search revealed 7 biomarkers: TEM1, VEGFR-1, EGFR, VEGFR-2, IGF-1R, PDGFRα, and CD40. These biomarkers are abundantly present on soft tissue sarcoma tumor cells and are already being targeted with humanized monoclonal antibodies. The conjugation of these antibodies with a fluorescent dye will yield in specific tracers for image-guided surgery of soft tissue sarcomas to improve the success rates of tumor resections. Abstract Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for localized soft tissue sarcomas (STS). The curative treatment highly depends on complete tumor resection, as positive margins are associated with local recurrence (LR) and prognosis. However, determining the tumor margin during surgery is challenging. Real-time tumor-specific imaging can facilitate complete resection by visualizing tumor tissue during surgery. Unfortunately, STS specific tracers are presently not clinically available. In this review, STS-associated cell surface-expressed biomarkers, which are currently already clinically targeted with monoclonal antibodies for therapeutic purposes, are evaluated for their use in near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of STS. Clinically targeted biomarkers in STS were extracted from clinical trial registers and a PubMed search was performed. Data on biomarker characteristics, sample size, percentage of biomarker-positive STS samples, pattern of biomarker expression, biomarker internalization features, and previous applications of the biomarker in imaging were extracted. The biomarkers were ranked utilizing a previously described scoring system. Eleven cell surface-expressed biomarkers were identified from which 7 were selected as potential biomarkers for NIRF imaging: TEM1, VEGFR-1, EGFR, VEGFR-2, IGF-1R, PDGFRα, and CD40. Promising biomarkers in common and aggressive STS subtypes are TEM1 for myxofibrosarcoma, TEM1, and PDGFRα for undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma and EGFR for synovial sarcoma.
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9
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Chamling X, Kallman A, Fang W, Berlinicke CA, Mertz JL, Devkota P, Pantoja IEM, Smith MD, Ji Z, Chang C, Kaushik A, Chen L, Whartenby KA, Calabresi PA, Mao HQ, Ji H, Wang TH, Zack DJ. Single-cell transcriptomic reveals molecular diversity and developmental heterogeneity of human stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:652. [PMID: 33510160 PMCID: PMC7844020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury and loss of oligodendrocytes can cause demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. To improve our understanding of human oligodendrocyte development, which could facilitate development of remyelination-based treatment strategies, here we describe time-course single-cell-transcriptomic analysis of developing human stem cell-derived oligodendrocyte-lineage-cells (hOLLCs). The study includes hOLLCs derived from both genome engineered embryonic stem cell (ESC) reporter cells containing an Identification-and-Purification tag driven by the endogenous PDGFRα promoter and from unmodified induced pluripotent (iPS) cells. Our analysis uncovers substantial transcriptional heterogeneity of PDGFRα-lineage hOLLCs. We discover sub-populations of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hOPCs) including a potential cytokine-responsive hOPC subset, and identify candidate regulatory genes/networks that define the identity of these sub-populations. Pseudotime trajectory analysis defines developmental pathways of oligodendrocytes vs astrocytes from PDGFRα-expressing hOPCs and predicts differentially expressed genes between the two lineages. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis followed by pharmacological intervention of these pathways confirm that mTOR and cholesterol biosynthesis signaling pathways are involved in maturation of oligodendrocytes from hOPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitiz Chamling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Alyssa Kallman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Weixiang Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Cynthia A Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Joseph L Mertz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Prajwal Devkota
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Itzy E Morales Pantoja
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Calvin Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Aniruddha Kaushik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Liben Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Katharine A Whartenby
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hai-Quan Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering Baltimore, Maryland, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Hongkai Ji
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Donald J Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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10
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Synovial Sarcoma: A Complex Disease with Multifaceted Signaling and Epigenetic Landscapes. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 22:124. [PMID: 33025259 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aside from a characteristic SS18-SSX translocation identified in almost all cases, no genetic anomalies have been reliably isolated yet to drive the pathogenesis of synovial sarcoma. In the following review, we explore the structural units of wild-type SS18 and SSX, particularly as they relate to the transcriptional alterations and cellular pathway changes imposed by SS18-SSX. RECENT FINDINGS Native SS18 and SSX contribute recognizable domains to the SS18-SSX chimeric proteins, which inflict transcriptional and epigenetic changes through selective protein interactions involving the SWI/SNF and Polycomb chromatin remodeling complexes. Multiple oncogenic and developmental pathways become altered, collectively reprogramming the cellular origin of synovial sarcoma and promoting its malignant transformation. Synovial sarcoma is characterized by complex epigenetic and signaling landscapes. Identifying the operational pathways and concomitant genetic changes induced by SS18-SSX fusions could help develop tailored therapeutic strategies to ultimately improve disease control and patient survivorship.
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11
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PDGFRA defines the mesenchymal stem cell Kaposi's sarcoma progenitors by enabling KSHV oncogenesis in an angiogenic environment. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008221. [PMID: 31881074 PMCID: PMC6980685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining cancer caused by the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Unanswered questions regarding KS are its cellular ontology and the conditions conducive to viral oncogenesis. We identify PDGFRA(+)/SCA-1(+) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Pα(+)S MSCs) as KS spindle-cell progenitors and found that pro-angiogenic environmental conditions typical of KS are critical for KSHV sarcomagenesis. This is because growth in KS-like conditions generates a de-repressed KSHV epigenome allowing oncogenic KSHV gene expression in infected Pα(+)S MSCs. Furthermore, these growth conditions allow KSHV-infected Pα(+)S MSCs to overcome KSHV-driven oncogene-induced senescence and cell cycle arrest via a PDGFRA-signaling mechanism; thus identifying PDGFRA not only as a phenotypic determinant for KS-progenitors but also as a critical enabler for viral oncogenesis.
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12
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Higuchi T, Sugisawa N, Miyake K, Oshiro H, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Igarashi K, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. The Combination of Olaratumab with Doxorubicin and Cisplatinum Regresses a Chemotherapy-Resistant Osteosarcoma in a Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1257-1263. [PMID: 31299622 PMCID: PMC6624322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma is a recalcitrant disease. It is a frequent cause of death to the patients who are usually adolescent or young adults. The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of the combination of olaratumab (OLA), doxorubicin (DOX), and cisplatinum (CDDP) on osteosarcoma, which is resistant to first-line therapy, in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The osteosarcoma PDOX model was randomized into six treatment groups of six mice: control; CDDP alone; DOX and CDDP; OLA + DOX; OLA + CDDP; and OLA + DOX and CDDP. Tumor size and body weight were measured during 14 days of treatment. Tumor growth was regressed only by the treatment with a combination of OLA + DOX and CDDP. Tumors treated with this three-drug combination had the most tumor necrosis and the lowest Ki-67 index. The present study demonstrates the power of the PDOX model to identify novel effective treatment strategy for chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sugisawa
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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13
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Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Lattanzi G, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of evasive and innate resistance to mTOR inhibition in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1322-1337. [PMID: 30928610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug-resistance by neoplastic cells is recognized as a major cause of targeted therapy failure and disease progression. The mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase that acts as the catalytic subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key roles in a variety of healthy cell types/tissues by regulating physiological anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues. However, a body of evidence identified aberrant activation of mTOR signaling as a common event in many human tumors. Therefore, mTOR is an attractive target for therapeutic targeting in cancer and this fact has driven the development of numerous mTOR inhibitors, several of which have progressed to clinical trials. Nevertheless, mTOR inhibitors have met with a very limited success as anticancer therapeutics. Among other reasons, this failure was initially ascribed to the activation of several compensatory signaling pathways that dampen the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. The discovery of these regulatory feedback mechanisms greatly contributed to a better understanding of cancer cell resistance to mTOR targeting agents. However, over the last few years, other mechanisms of resistance have emerged, including epigenetic alterations, compensatory metabolism rewiring and the occurrence of mTOR mutations. In this article, we provide the reader with an updated overview of the mechanisms that could explain resistance of cancer cells to the various classes of mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy.
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14
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Lanzi C, Dal Bo L, Favini E, Tortoreto M, Beretta GL, Arrighetti N, Zaffaroni N, Cassinelli G. Overactive IGF1/Insulin Receptors and NRASQ61R Mutation Drive Mechanisms of Resistance to Pazopanib and Define Rational Combination Strategies to Treat Synovial Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030408. [PMID: 30909453 PMCID: PMC6468361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pazopanib is approved for treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas, but primary and secondary drug resistance limits its clinical utility. We investigated the molecular mechanisms mediating pazopanib resistance in human synovial sarcoma (SS) models. We found reduced cell sensitivity to pazopanib associated with inefficient inhibition of the two critical signaling nodes, AKT and ERKs, despite strong inhibition of the main drug target, PDGFRα. In the CME-1 cell line, overactivation of IGF1 and Insulin receptors (IGF1R/InsR) sustained AKT activation and pazopanib resistance, which was overcome by a combination treatment with the double IGF1R/InsR inhibitor BMS754807. In the highly pazopanib resistant MoJo cell line, NRASQ61R mutation sustained constitutive ERK activation. Transfection of the NRAS mutant in the pazopanib sensitive SYO-1 cell line increased the drug IC50. MoJo cells treatment with pazopanib in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib restored ERK inhibition, synergistically inhibited cell growth, and induced apoptosis. The combination significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy against MoJo orthotopic xenograft abrogating growth in 38% of mice. These findings identified two different mechanisms of intrinsic pazopanib resistance in SS cells, supporting molecular/immunohistochemical profiling of tumor specimens as a valuable approach to selecting patients who may benefit from rational drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lanzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrica Favini
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Noemi Arrighetti
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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15
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Olaratumab combined with doxorubicin and ifosfamide overcomes individual doxorubicin and olaratumab resistance of an undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma in a PDOX mouse model. Cancer Lett 2019; 451:122-127. [PMID: 30867142 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olaratumab (OLA), a monoclonal antibody against platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), has recently been used against soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) combined with doxorubicin (DOX), with limited efficacy. The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of OLA in combination with DOX and ifosfamide (IFO) on STS. Undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma (USTS) from a striated muscle of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish USTS patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. USTS PDOX tumors were treated with OLA alone, DOX alone, DOX combined with IFO, OLA combined with DOX or IFO, and OLA combined with DOX and IFO. Tumor size and body weight were measured during the 14 days of treatment. Tumor growth was arrested by OLA combined with DOX and IFO. Tumors treated with OLA combined with DOX and IFO had the most necrosis. The present study demonstrates the power of the PDOX model to identify the novel effective treatment strategy of the combination of OLA, DOX and IFO for soft-tissue sarcomas.
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16
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Estupiñan O, Santos L, Rodriguez A, Fernandez‐Nevado L, Costales P, Perez‐Escuredo J, Hermosilla MA, Oro P, Rey V, Tornin J, Allonca E, Fernandez‐Garcia MT, Alvarez‐Fernandez C, Braña A, Astudillo A, Menendez ST, Moris F, Rodriguez R. The multikinase inhibitor EC‐70124 synergistically increased the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in sarcomas. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:254-266. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Estupiñan
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Aida Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucia Fernandez‐Nevado
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Veronica Rey
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Juan Tornin
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Eva Allonca
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | | | | | - Alejandro Braña
- Servicio de Traumatología of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Aurora Astudillo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica of the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias Oviedo Spain
| | - Sofia T Menendez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
| | | | - Rene Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias ‐ Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias Oviedo Spain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC) Madrid Spain
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17
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Stacchiotti S, Morosi C, Lo Vullo S, Casale A, Palassini E, Frezza AM, Dinoi G, Messina A, Gronchi A, Cavalleri A, Venturelli E, Morelli D, Pilotti S, Collini P, Brich S, Tamborini E, Mariani L, Casali PG. Imatinib and everolimus in patients with progressing advanced chordoma: A phase 2 clinical study. Cancer 2018; 124:4056-4063. [PMID: 30216418 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present the results of an academic phase 2 study on imatinib plus everolimus in patients who have progressive advanced chordoma. METHODS In January 2011, 43 adult chordoma patients were enrolled in the study and received imatinib 400 mg/day and everolimus 2.5 mg/day until progression or limiting toxicity. Eligible patients had progressed in the 6 months before study entry. PDGFRB, S6, and 4EBP1 expression and phosphorylation were evaluated by way of immunohistochemistry and/or western blotting. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR) according to Choi criteria. Secondary endpoints were RECIST 1.1 response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), correlation between S6/4EBP1 phosphorylation and response. RESULTS Thirteen of 43 patients were pretreated with imatinib. Among 40 of the 43 patients who were evaluable by Choi criteria, the best responses were 9 with partial response (ORR, 20.9%), 24 with stable disease (SD) (ORR, 55.8%), and 7 with progressive disease (ORR, 16.3%). Forty-two patients were evaluable by RECIST criteria, with 1 partial response (ORR, 2.3%), 37 stable disease (ORR, 86%), and 4 progressive disease (ORR, 9.3%). The median PFS according to Choi criteria was 11.5 months (range, 4.6-17.6 months), and 58.8% and 48.1% of patients were progression-free at 9 and 12 months, respectively. The median PFS by RECIST criteria was 14 months; the median OS was 47.1 months. When assessable, S6/4EBP1 was phosphorylated in a high and moderate/low proportion of tumor cells in responsive and nonresponsive patients, respectively. Toxicity caused a temporary and definitive treatment discontinuation in 60.5% and 30.2% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Imatinib plus everolimus showed a limited activity in progressing advanced chordoma. Interestingly, the amount of tumor cells activated for mammalian target of rapamycin effectors correlated with the response. Toxicity was not negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Stacchiotti
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazione dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Morosi
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazione dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lo Vullo
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Casale
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazione dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Palassini
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazione dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Frezza
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazione dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Dinoi
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazione dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Messina
- Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazione dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Adalberto Cavalleri
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Morelli
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Pilotti
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Collini
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Brich
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tamborini
- Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Trial Organization, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo G Casali
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazione dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Oncolgy and Hemato-Oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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18
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Patwardhan PP, Musi E, Schwartz GK. Preclinical Evaluation of Nintedanib, a Triple Angiokinase Inhibitor, in Soft-tissue Sarcoma: Potential Therapeutic Implication for Synovial Sarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2329-2340. [PMID: 30166401 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare cancers that make up about 1% of all cancers in adults; however, they occur more commonly among children and young adolescents. Sarcomas are genetically complex and are often difficult to treat given the lack of clinical efficacy of any of the currently available therapies. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as c-Kit, c-Met, PDGFR, IGF-1R, as well as FGFR have all been reported to be involved in driving tumor development and progression in adult and pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma. These driver kinases often act as critical determinants of tumor cell proliferation and targeting these signal transduction pathways remains an attractive therapeutic approach. Nintedanib, a potent triple angiokinase inhibitor, targets PDGFR, VEGFR, and FGFR pathways critical for tumor angiogenesis and vasculature. In this study, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of nintedanib in soft-tissue sarcoma cell lines. Nintedanib treatment resulted in significant antiproliferative effect in vitro in cell lines with high expression of RTK drug targets. Furthermore, treatment with nintedanib showed significant downregulation of downstream phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2. Finally, treatment with nintedanib resulted in significant tumor growth suppression in mouse xenograft model of synovial sarcoma. Notably, both the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of nintedanib was superior to that of imatinib, another multikinase inhibitor, previously tested with minimal success in clinical trials in sarcoma. Overall, the data from this study provide a strong rationale to warrant further clinical exploration of this drug in patients with synovial sarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2329-40. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag P Patwardhan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Elgilda Musi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Medicine, New York, New York
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19
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Zobniw CM, Trinh VA, Posey K, Somaiah N. Olaratumab in the management of advanced soft tissue sarcoma. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2018; 25:442-448. [PMID: 30032714 DOI: 10.1177/1078155218788135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Olaratumab, the first-in-class anti-PDGFRα monoclonal antibody, has been contingently approved in combination with doxorubicin to treat adult patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma for improving progression-free and overall survival. Olaratumab-doxorubicin combination has tolerable safety profile, which mimics that of doxorubicin monotherapy, with the exception of infusion-related reactions. Survival data of an ongoing confirmatory phase 3 trial are forthcoming to ascertain the optimal role of this product in the management algorithm of advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Active research is ongoing to identify biomarkers predictive of clinical benefit to olaratumab, to expand its utility to the pediatric population, and to explore its safety and efficacy in combination with other active regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystia M Zobniw
- 1 Division of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van Anh Trinh
- 1 Division of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Clinical Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristi Posey
- 2 Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neeta Somaiah
- 2 Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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KSHV-induced ligand mediated activation of PDGF receptor-alpha drives Kaposi's sarcomagenesis. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007175. [PMID: 29985958 PMCID: PMC6053240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus (KSHV) causes KS, an angiogenic AIDS-associated spindle-cell neoplasm, by activating host oncogenic signaling cascades through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK) proteomic arrays, identified PDGF receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) as the predominantly-activated RTK in KSHV-induced mouse KS-tumors. We show that: 1) KSHV lytic replication and the vGPCR can activate PDGFRA through upregulation of its ligands PDGFA/B, which increase c-myc, VEGF and KSHV gene expression in infected cells 2) KSHV infected spindle cells of most AIDS-KS lesions display robust phospho-PDGFRA staining 3) blocking PDGFRA-signaling with N-acetyl-cysteine, RTK-inhibitors Imatinib and Sunitinib, or dominant-negative PDGFRA inhibits tumorigenesis 4) PDGFRA D842V activating-mutation confers resistance to Imatinib in mouse-KS tumorigenesis. Our data show that KSHV usurps sarcomagenic PDGFRA signaling to drive KS. This and the fact that PDGFRA drives non-viral sarcomas highlights the importance for KSHV-induced ligand-mediated activation of PDGFRA in KS sarcomagenesis and shows that this oncogenic axis could be successfully blocked to impede KS tumor growth. Signaling mimicry is a key mechanism whereby oncoviruses can usurp host-regulatory pathways leading to acquisition of tissue-specific cancer hallmarks. A critical question in the KS field is the identification of this host pathways activated by KSHV that could provide novel insights on KSHV-pathobiology, elucidating new druggable pathways. Here we show that KSHV lytic replication as well as the KSHV-oncogene vGPCR activates PDGFRA signaling through upregulation of its ligands PDGFA/B, and that blocking of PDGFRA signaling is anti-tumorigenic. This indicates that approaches that fully and stably inhibit PDGFR-signaling could lead to successful treatments for KS, validating this receptor-ligand signaling-axis as a therapeutic target.
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21
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Yang L, Cai YS, Xu K, Zhu JL, Li YB, Wu XQ, Sun J, Lu SM, Xu P. Sodium selenite induces apoptosis and inhibits autophagy in human synovial sarcoma cell line SW982 in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6560-6568. [PMID: 29512717 PMCID: PMC5928638 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of sodium selenite on the SW982 human synovial sarcoma cell line in relation to cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy. The results indicated that sodium selenite reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and members of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Bcl-2 protein families in SW982 cells. Furthermore, autophagy was also suppressed by sodium selenite treatment in SW982 cells, and apoptosis was upregulated in cells co-treated with sodium selenite and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. By contrast, apoptosis was downregulated when sodium selenite was combined with rapamycin, an inducer of autophagy. The results indicated that autophagy may protect cells from the cytotoxicity of sodium selenite. The present study results demonstrated that sodium selenite induced apoptosis and inhibited autophagy and autophagy-protected cells from death by antagonizing sodium selenite-induced apoptosis in SW982 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Song Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Bo Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - She-Min Lu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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22
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Heldin CH, Lennartsson J, Westermark B. Involvement of platelet-derived growth factor ligands and receptors in tumorigenesis. J Intern Med 2018; 283:16-44. [PMID: 28940884 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and their receptors have important roles during embryogenesis, particularly in the development of various mesenchymal cell types in different organs. In the adult, PDGF stimulates wound healing and regulates tissue homeostasis. However, overactivity of PDGF signalling is associated with malignancies and other diseases characterized by excessive cell proliferation, such as fibrotic conditions and atherosclerosis. In certain tumours, genetic or epigenetic alterations of the genes for PDGF ligands and receptors drive tumour cell proliferation and survival. Examples include the rare skin tumour dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance, which is driven by autocrine PDGF stimulation due to translocation of a PDGF gene, and certain gastrointestinal stromal tumours and leukaemias, which are driven by constitute activation of PDGF receptors due to point mutations and formation of fusion proteins of the receptors, respectively. Moreover, PDGF stimulates cells in tumour stroma and promotes angiogenesis as well as the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts, both of which promote tumour progression. Inhibitors of PDGF signalling may thus be of clinical usefulness in the treatment of certain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Westermark
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Cassinelli G, Dal Bo L, Favini E, Cominetti D, Pozzi S, Tortoreto M, De Cesare M, Lecis D, Scanziani E, Minoli L, Naggi A, Vlodavsky I, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C. Supersulfated low-molecular weight heparin synergizes with IGF1R/IR inhibitor to suppress synovial sarcoma growth and metastases. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:187-197. [PMID: 29225052 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive tumor with propensity for lung metastases which significantly impact patients' prognosis. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve treatment outcome. Targeting the heparanase/heparan sulfate proteoglycan system by heparin derivatives which act as heparanase inhibitors/heparan sulfate mimetics is emerging as a therapeutic approach that can sensitize the tumor response to chemotherapy. We investigated the therapeutic potential of a supersulfated low molecular weight heparin (ssLMWH) in preclinical models of SS. ssLMWH showed a potent anti-heparanase activity, dose-dependently inhibited SS colony growth and cell invasion, and downregulated the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases including IGF1R and IR. The combination of ssLMWH and the IGF1R/IR inhibitor BMS754807 synergistically inhibited proliferation of cells exhibiting IGF1R hyperactivation, also abrogating cell motility and promoting apoptosis in association with PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition. The drug combination strongly enhanced the antitumor effect against the CME-1 model, as compared to single agent treatment, abrogating orthotopic tumor growth and significantly repressing spontaneous lung metastatic dissemination in treated mice. These findings provide a strong preclinical rationale for developing drug regimens combining heparanase inhibitors/HS mimetics with IGF1R antagonists for treatment of metastatic SS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drug Synergism
- Glucuronidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/administration & dosage
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/metabolism
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, IGF Type 1
- Receptors, Somatomedin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Somatomedin/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Synovial/drug therapy
- Sarcoma, Synovial/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Synovial/pathology
- Sulfates
- Triazines/administration & dosage
- Triazines/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Cassinelli
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Dal Bo
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Favini
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Denis Cominetti
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michelandrea De Cesare
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; Mouse and Animal Pathology Laboratory, Fondazione Filarete, Viale Ortles 22/4, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- G. Ronzoni Institute for Chemical and Biochemical Research, Via G. Colombo 81, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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24
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Olaratumab Exerts Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Pediatric Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors through Inhibition of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:847-857. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Teyssonneau
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
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26
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Yang QL, Zhang LY, Wang HF, Li Y, Wang YY, Chen TT, Dai MF, Wu HH, Chen SL, Wang WR, Wu Q, Chen CJ, Zhou CZ. The N-terminal polypeptide derived from viral macrophage inflammatory protein II reverses breast cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via a PDGFRα-dependent mechanism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:37448-37463. [PMID: 28415580 PMCID: PMC5514921 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
NT21MP, a 21-residue peptide derived from the viral macrophage inflammatory protein II, competed effectively with the natural ligand of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha, to induce apoptosis and inhibit growth in breast cancer. Its role in tumor epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the reversal of EMT upon NT21MP treatment and examined its role in the inhibition of EMT in breast cancer. The parental cells of breast cancer (SKBR-3 and MCF-7) and paclitaxel-resistant (SKBR-3 PR and MCF-7 PR) cells were studied in vitro and in combined immunodeficient mice. The mice injected with SKBR-3 PR cells were treated with NT21MP through the tail vein or intraperitoneally with paclitaxel or saline. Sections from tumors were evaluated for tumor weight and EMT markers based on Western blot. In vitro, the effects of NT21MP, CXCR4 and PDGFRα on tumor EMT were assessed by relative quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot and biological activity in breast cancer cell lines expressing high or low levels of CXCR4. Our results illustrated that NT21MP could reverse the phenotype of EMT in paclitaxel-resistant cells. Furthermore, we found that NT21MP governed PR-mediated EMT partly due to controlling platelet-derived growth factors A and B (PDGFA and PDGFB) and their receptor (PDGFRα). More importantly, NT21MP down-regulated AKT and ERK1/2 activity, which were activated by PDGFRα, and eventually reversed the EMT. Together, these results indicated that CXCR4 overexpression drives acquired paclitaxel resistance, partly by activating the PDGFA and PDGFB/PDGFRα autocrine signaling loops that activate AKT and ERK1/2. Inhibition of the oncogenic EMT process by targeting CXCR4/PDGFRα-mediated pathways using NT21MP may provide a novel therapeutic approach towards breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 233030, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Yue-Yue Wang
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Tian-Tian Chen
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Meng-Fen Dai
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Hai-Hua Wu
- Clinical Testing and Diagnose Experimental Center of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Su-Lian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Wen-Rui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, China
| | - Chang-Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 233030, China
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27
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El Beaino M, Araujo DM, Lazar AJ, Lin PP. Synovial Sarcoma: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Identification of New Biologic Targets to Improve Multimodal Therapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:2145-2154. [PMID: 28397189 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-5855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a translocation-associated soft-tissue malignancy that frequently affects adolescents and young adults. It is driven by one of the fusion oncoproteins SS18-SSX1, SS18-SSX2, or rarely, SS18-SSX4. Prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic disease is generally poor, and newer therapeutic strategies are needed. In this review, we present recent discoveries in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of synovial sarcoma. We discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc El Beaino
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology - Unit 1448, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dejka M Araujo
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick P Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology - Unit 1448, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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28
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Steppan DA, Pratilas CA, Loeb DM. Targeted therapy for soft tissue sarcomas in adolescents and young adults. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2017; 8:41-55. [PMID: 28408855 PMCID: PMC5384699 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s70377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors originating from the mesenchyme. Even though they affect individuals in all age groups, the prevalence of subtypes of STSs changes significantly from childhood through adolescence into adulthood. The mainstay of therapy is surgery, with or without the addition of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. These treatment modalities are associated, in many cases, with significant morbidity and, given the heterogeneity of tumor histologies encompassed by the term "STS", have not uniformly improved outcomes. Moreover, some subgroups of STSs appear to be more, and others less, responsive to conventional chemotherapy agents. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the biology of STSs is slowly increasing, allowing for the development of more targeted therapies. We review the new treatment modalities that have been tested on patients with STSs, with a special focus on adolescents and young adults, a group of patients that is often underrepresented in clinical trials and has not received the dedicated attention it deserves, given the significant differences in biology and treatment response in comparison to children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Steppan
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine A Pratilas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Polychronidou G, Karavasilis V, Pollack SM, Huang PH, Lee A, Jones RL. Novel therapeutic approaches in chondrosarcoma. Future Oncol 2017; 13:637-648. [PMID: 28133974 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of bones, characterized by the production of cartilage matrix. Due to lack of effective treatment for advanced disease, the clinical management of chondrosarcomas is exceptionally challenging. Current research focuses on elucidating the molecular events underlying the pathogenesis of this rare bone malignancy, with the goal of developing new molecularly targeted therapies. Signaling pathways suggested to have a role in chondrosarcoma include Hedgehog, Src, PI3k-Akt-mTOR and angiogenesis. Mutations in IDH1/2, present in more than 50% of primary conventional chondrosarcomas, make the development of IDH inhibitors a promising treatment option. The present review discusses the preclinical and early clinical data on novel targeted therapeutic approaches in chondrosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seth M Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alex Lee
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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30
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Tan AC, Vyse S, Huang PH. Exploiting receptor tyrosine kinase co-activation for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:72-84. [PMID: 27452454 PMCID: PMC5346155 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies over the past decade have shown that many cancers have evolved receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) co-activation as a mechanism to drive tumour progression and limit the lethal effects of therapy. This review summarises the general principles of RTK co-activation and discusses approaches to exploit this phenomenon in cancer therapy and drug discovery. Computational strategies to predict kinase co-dependencies by integrating drug screening data and kinase inhibitor selectivity profiles will also be described. We offer a perspective on the implications of RTK co-activation on tumour heterogeneity and cancer evolution and conclude by surveying emerging computational and experimental approaches that will provide insights into RTK co-activation biology and deliver new developments in effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aik-Choon Tan
- Translational Bioinformatics and Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Simon Vyse
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paul H Huang
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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31
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Significant blockade of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases by MGCD516 (Sitravatinib), a novel small molecule inhibitor, shows potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of sarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4093-109. [PMID: 26675259 PMCID: PMC4826192 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare but highly aggressive mesenchymal tumors with a median survival of 10–18 months for metastatic disease. Mutation and/or overexpression of many receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including c-Met, PDGFR, c-Kit and IGF1-R drive defective signaling pathways in sarcomas. MGCD516 (Sitravatinib) is a novel small molecule inhibitor targeting multiple RTKs involved in driving sarcoma cell growth. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of MGCD516 both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. MGCD516 treatment resulted in significant blockade of phosphorylation of potential driver RTKs and induced potent anti-proliferative effects in vitro. Furthermore, MGCD516 treatment of tumor xenografts in vivo resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth. Efficacy of MGCD516 was superior to imatinib and crizotinib, two other well-studied multi-kinase inhibitors with overlapping target specificities, both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report describing MGCD516 as a potent multi-kinase inhibitor in different models of sarcoma, superior to imatinib and crizotinib. Results from this study showing blockade of multiple driver signaling pathways provides a rationale for further clinical development of MGCD516 for the treatment of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma.
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32
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Next generation sequencing in synovial sarcoma reveals novel gene mutations. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34680-90. [PMID: 26415226 PMCID: PMC4741482 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 95% of all synovial sarcomas (SS) share a unique translocation, t(X;18), however, they show heterogeneous clinical behavior. We analyzed multiple SS to reveal additional genetic alterations besides the translocation. Twenty-six SS from 22 patients were sequenced for 409 cancer-related genes using the Comprehensive Cancer Panel (Life Technologies, USA) on an Ion Torrent platform. The detected variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and compared to matched normal DNAs. Copy number variation was assessed in six tumors using the Oncoscan array (Affymetrix, USA). In total, eight somatic mutations were detected in eight samples. These mutations have not been reported previously in SS. Two of these, in KRAS and CCND1, represent known oncogenic mutations in other malignancies. Additional mutations were detected in RNF213, SEPT9, KDR, CSMD3, MLH1 and ERBB4. DNA alterations occurred more often in adult tumors. A distinctive loss of 6q was found in a metastatic lesion progressing under pazopanib, but not in the responding lesion. Our results emphasize t(X;18) as a single initiating event in SS and as the main oncogenic driver. Our results also show the occurrence of additional genetic events, mutations or chromosomal aberrations, occurring more frequently in SS with an onset in adults.
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33
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Maher OM, Khatua S, Mukherjee D, Olar A, Lazar A, Luthra R, Liu D, Wu J, Ketonen L, Zaky W. Primary intracranial soft tissue sarcomas in children, adolescents, and young adults: single institution experience and review of the literature. J Neurooncol 2015; 127:155-63. [PMID: 26718692 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-2027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of literature reporting the outcome of intracranial sarcomas (IS) in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA). A multimodal therapeutic approach is commonly used, with no well-established treatment consensus. We conducted a retrospective review of CAYA with IS, treated at our institution, to determine their clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes. Immunohistochemistry (PDGFRA and EGFR) and DNA sequencing were performed on 5 tumor samples. A literature review of IS was also conducted. We reviewed 13 patients (median age, 7 years) with a primary diagnosis of IS between 1990 and 2015. Diagnoses included unclassified sarcoma (n = 9), chondrosarcoma (n = 2), and rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2). Five patients underwent upfront gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor. The 5-drug regimen (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and ifosfamide) was the most common treatment used. Nine patients died due to progression or recurrence (n = 8) or secondary malignancy (n = 1). The median follow-up period of the 4 surviving patients was 1.69 years (range 1.44-5.17 years). The 5-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 21 and 44 %, respectively. BRAF, TP53, KRAS, KIT, ERBB2, MET, RET, ATM, and EGFR mutations were detected in 4 of the 5 tissue samples. All 5 samples were immunopositive for PDGFRA, and only 2 were positive for EGFR. IS remain a therapeutic challenge due to high progression and recurrence rates. Collaborative multi-institutional studies are warranted to delineate a treatment consensus and investigate tumor biology to improve the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossama M Maher
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 87, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 87, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Devashis Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 87, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Adriana Olar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Lazar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raja Luthra
- Department of Hematopathology, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diane Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jimin Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leena Ketonen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wafik Zaky
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 87, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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34
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Harwood JL, Alexander JH, Mayerson JL, Scharschmidt TJ. Targeted Chemotherapy in Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcoma. Orthop Clin North Am 2015; 46:587-608. [PMID: 26410647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Historically surgical intervention has been the mainstay of therapy for bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, augmented with adjuvant radiation for local control. Although cytotoxic chemotherapy revolutionized the treatment of many sarcomas, classic treatment regimens are fraught with side effects while outcomes have plateaued. However, since the approval of imatinib in 2002, research into targeted chemotherapy has increased exponentially. With targeted therapies comes the potential for decreased side effects and more potent, personalized treatment options. This article reviews the evolution of medical knowledge regarding sarcoma, the basic science of sarcomatogenesis, and the major targets and pathways now being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared L Harwood
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - John H Alexander
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joel L Mayerson
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Thomas J Scharschmidt
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Mohindra N, Agulnik M. Targeted therapy and promising novel agents for the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1409-18. [PMID: 26289790 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1076792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare and difficult to treat malignancy. Efforts to utilize targeted therapy have been ongoing for the last decade and have resulted in the approval of pazopanib for treatment of advanced disease. Although several other agents have been investigated, the inability to predict responses remains a limiting factor to the incorporation of these agents into treatment. AREAS COVERED The authors summarize recent clinical findings from studies focused on targeted agents in STS. The authors also discuss the potential approaches and ongoing clinical trials with novel agents. EXPERT OPINION A major challenge in the treatment of advanced STS remains a lack of predictive biomarkers to guide therapy and the heterogeneity of response among different histologies of sarcoma. Incorporation of predictive biomarker analysis into clinical trials is warranted. Additionally, mechanisms of treatment resistance and parallel pathways of tumor growth pose challenges in how we treat these tumors. An active area of research in STS is the use of novel combinations of agents, such as chemotherapy combined with multi-targeted agents. The potential of immune check point inhibitors is being explored in advanced STS and is hoped to further expand our treatment armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mohindra
- a 1 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark Agulnik
- b 2 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology , 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 850, Chicago, IL 60611, USA +1 31 2695 1222 ; +1 31 2695 6189 ;
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Farooqi AA, Siddik ZH. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling in cancer: rapidly emerging signalling landscape. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:257-65. [PMID: 26153649 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-mediated signalling has emerged as one of the most extensively and deeply studied biological mechanism reported to be involved in regulation of growth and survival of different cell types. However, overwhelmingly increasing scientific evidence is also emphasizing on dysregulation of spatio-temporally controlled PDGF-induced signalling as a basis for cancer development. We partition this multi-component review into recently developing understanding of dysregulation PDGF signalling in different cancers, how PDGF receptors are quantitatively controlled by microRNAs. Moreover, we also summarize most recent advancements in therapeutic targeting of PDGFR as evidenced by preclinical studies. Better understanding of the PDGF-induced intracellular signalling in different cancers will be helpful in catalysing the transition from a segmented view of cancer biology to a conceptual continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahid H Siddik
- University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Sie M, den Dunnen WFA, Lourens HJ, Meeuwsen-de Boer TGJ, Scherpen FJG, Zomerman WW, Kampen KR, Hoving EW, de Bont ESJM. Growth-factor-driven rescue to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors through Akt and Erk phosphorylation in pediatric low grade astrocytoma and ependymoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122555. [PMID: 25799134 PMCID: PMC4370756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to now, several clinical studies have been started investigating the relevance of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors upon progression free survival in various pediatric brain tumors. However, single targeted kinase inhibition failed, possibly due to tumor resistance mechanisms. The present study will extend our previous observations that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)β, Src, the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB) family, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR/cMet) are potentially drugable targets in pediatric low grade astrocytoma and ependymoma with investigations concerning growth-factor-driven rescue. This was investigated in pediatric low grade astrocytoma and ependymoma cell lines treated with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors e.g. sorafenib, dasatinib, canertinib and crizotinib. Flow cytometry analyses showed high percentage of cells expressing VEGFR-1, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1, ErbB1/EGFR, HGFR and recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) (respectively 52-77%, 34-51%, 63-90%, 83-98%, 65-95%). Their respective inhibitors induced decrease of cell viability, measured with WST-1 cell viability assays. At least this was partially due to increased apoptotic levels measured by Annexin V/Propidium Iodide apoptosis assays. EGF, HGF and FGF, which are normally expressed in brain (tumor) tissue, showed to be effective rescue inducing growth factors resulting in increased cell survival especially during treatment with dasatinib (complete rescue) or sorafenib (partial rescue). Growth-factor-driven rescue was less prominent when canertinib or crizotinib were used. Rescue was underscored by significantly activating downstream Akt and/or Erk phosphorylation and increased tumor cell migration. Combination treatment showed to be able to overcome the growth-factor-driven rescue. In conclusion, our study highlights the extensive importance of environmentally present growth factors in developing tumor escape towards RTK inhibitors in pediatric low grade astrocytoma and ependymoma. It is of great interest to anticipate upon these results for the design of new therapeutic trials with RTK inhibitors in these pediatric brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Sie
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F. A. den Dunnen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Pathology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Lourens
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tiny G. J. Meeuwsen-de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. G. Scherpen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Walderik W. Zomerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kim R. Kampen
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco W. Hoving
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline S. J. M. de Bont
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Oncology/Hematology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Nielsen TO, Poulin NM, Ladanyi M. Synovial sarcoma: recent discoveries as a roadmap to new avenues for therapy. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:124-34. [PMID: 25614489 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oncogenesis in synovial sarcoma is driven by the chromosomal translocation t(X,18; p11,q11), which generates an in-frame fusion of the SWI/SNF subunit SS18 to the C-terminal repression domains of SSX1 or SSX2. Proteomic studies have identified an integral role of SS18-SSX in the SWI/SNF complex, and provide new evidence for mistargeting of polycomb repression in synovial sarcoma. Two recent in vivo studies are highlighted, providing additional support for the importance of WNT signaling in synovial sarcoma: One used a conditional mouse model in which knockout of β-catenin prevents tumor formation, and the other used a small-molecule inhibitor of β-catenin in xenograft models. SIGNIFICANCE Synovial sarcoma appears to arise from still poorly characterized immature mesenchymal progenitor cells through the action of its primary oncogenic driver, the SS18-SSX fusion gene, which encodes a multifaceted disruptor of epigenetic control. The effects of SS18-SSX on polycomb-mediated gene repression and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling have recently come into focus and may offer new insights into the basic function of these processes. A central role for deregulation of WNT-β-catenin signaling in synovial sarcoma has also been strengthened by recent in vivo studies. These new insights into the the biology of synovial sarcoma are guiding novel preclinical and clinical studies in this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neal M Poulin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Slotkin EK, Patwardhan PP, Vasudeva SD, de Stanchina E, Tap WD, Schwartz GK. MLN0128, an ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitor with potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity, as potential therapy for bone and soft-tissue sarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:395-406. [PMID: 25519700 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that exists in two complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2) and integrates extracellular and intracellular signals to act as a master regulator of cell growth, survival, and metabolism. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR prosurvival pathway is often dysregulated in multiple sarcoma subtypes. First-generation allosteric inhibitors of mTORC1 (rapalogues) have been extensively tested with great preclinical promise, but have had limited clinical utility. Here, we report that MLN0128, a second-generation, ATP-competitive, pan-mTOR kinase inhibitor, acts on both mTORC1 and mTORC2 and has potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in multiple sarcoma subtypes. In vitro, MLN0128 inhibits mTORC1/2 targets in a concentration-dependent fashion and shows striking antiproliferative effect in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), Ewing sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, synovial sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and liposarcoma. Unlike rapamycin, MLN0128 inhibits phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and NDRG1 as well as prevents the reactivation of pAKT that occurs via negative feedback release with mTORC1 inhibition alone. In xenograft models, MLN0128 treatment results in suppression of tumor growth with two dosing schedules (1 mg/kg daily and 3 mg/kg b.i.d. t.i.w.). At the 3 mg/kg dosing schedule, MLN0128 treatment results in significantly better tumor growth suppression than rapamycin in RMS and Ewing sarcoma models. In addition, MLN0128 induces apoptosis in models of RMS both in vitro and in vivo. Results from our study strongly suggest that MLN0128 treatment should be explored further as potential therapy for sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Slotkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Parag P Patwardhan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Shyamprasad D Vasudeva
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - William D Tap
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Umberger NL, Caspary T. Ciliary transport regulates PDGF-AA/αα signaling via elevated mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and diminished PP2A activity. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:350-8. [PMID: 25392303 PMCID: PMC4294681 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are built and maintained by intraflagellar transport (IFT), whereby the two IFT complexes, IFTA and IFTB, carry cargo via kinesin and dynein motors for anterograde and retrograde transport, respectively. Many signaling pathways, including platelet- derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA/αα, are linked to primary cilia. Active PDGF-AA/αα signaling results in phosphorylation of Akt at two residues: P-Akt(T308) and P-Akt(S473), and previous work showed decreased P-Akt(S473) in response to PDGF-AA upon anterograde transport disruption. In this study, we investigated PDGF-AA/αα signaling via P-Akt(T308) and P-Akt(S473) in distinct ciliary transport mutants. We found increased Akt phosphorylation in the absence of PDGF-AA stimulation, which we show is due to impaired dephosphorylation resulting from diminished PP2A activity toward P-Akt(T308). Anterograde transport mutants display low platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)α levels, whereas retrograde mutants exhibit normal PDGFRα levels. Despite this, neither shows an increase in P-Akt(S473) or P-Akt(T308) upon PDGF-AA stimulation. Because mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is increased in ciliary transport mutant cells and mTOR signaling inhibits PDGFRα levels, we demonstrate that inhibition of mTORC1 rescues PDGFRα levels as well as PDGF-AA-dependent phosphorylation of Akt(S473) and Akt(T308) in ciliary transport mutant MEFs. Taken together, our data indicate that the regulation of mTORC1 signaling and PP2A activity by ciliary transport plays key roles in PDGF-AA/αα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Umberger
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Programs, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Tamara Caspary
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Imura Y, Yasui H, Outani H, Wakamatsu T, Hamada K, Nakai T, Yamada S, Myoui A, Araki N, Ueda T, Itoh K, Yoshikawa H, Naka N. Combined targeting of mTOR and c-MET signaling pathways for effective management of epithelioid sarcoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:185. [PMID: 25098767 PMCID: PMC4249599 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelioid sarcoma (EpS) is a high-grade malignant soft-tissue sarcoma characterized by local recurrences and distant metastases. Effective treatments for EpS have not been established and thus novel therapeutic approaches against EpS are urgently required. mTOR inhibitors exert antitumor effects on several malignancies but AKT reactivation by mTOR inhibition attenuates the antitumor effects of mTOR inhibitors. This reactivation is receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-dependent due to a release of negative feedback inhibition. We found that c-MET was the most highly activated RTK in two human EpS cell lines, Asra-EPS and VAESBJ. Here we investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of mTOR and/or c-MET signaling pathways in EpS both in vitro and in vivo. Methods We first examined the effects of an mTOR inhibitor, RAD001 (everolimus), on cell proliferation, cell cycle, AKT/mTOR signaling, and xenograft tumor growth in EpS cell lines. Next, we determined whether RAD001-induced AKT reactivation was blocked by silencing of c-MET or treatment with a selective c-MET inhibitor, INC280. Finally, we evaluated the antitumor effects of RAD001 combined with INC280 on EpS cell lines compared with either single agent or control in vitro and in vivo. Results Constitutive AKT phosphorylation was observed in Asra-EPS and VAESBJ cells. RAD001 suppressed EpS cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest but enhanced AKT phosphorylation, which resulted in intrinsic resistance to mTOR inhibitors. In both EpS cell lines, RAD001-induced AKT phosphorylation was dependent on c-MET signaling. INC280 inhibited phosphorylation of c-MET and its downstream molecules, and decreased RAD001-induced phosphorylation of both AKT and ERK in EpS. Compared with a single agent or control, the combination of RAD001 and INC280 exerted superior antitumor effects on the growth of EpS cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Targeting of mTOR and c-MET signaling pathways significantly abrogates the growth of EpS in preclinical models and may be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with EpS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-185) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norifumi Naka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Yasui H, Naka N, Imura Y, Outani H, Kaneko K, Hamada KI, Sasagawa S, Araki N, Ueda T, Itoh K, Myoui A, Yoshikawa H. Tailored therapeutic strategies for synovial sarcoma: Receptor tyrosine kinase pathway analyses predict sensitivity to the mTOR inhibitor RAD001. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:114-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Palmerini E, Paioli A, Ferrari S. Emerging therapeutic targets for synovial sarcoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:791-806. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.901155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Radons J. The role of inflammation in sarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:259-313. [PMID: 24818727 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas encompass a heterogenous group of tumors with diverse pathologically and clinically overlapping features. It is a rarely curable disease, and their management requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Chronic inflammation has emerged as one of the hallmarks of tumors including sarcomas. Classical inflammation-associated sarcomas comprise the inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma and Kaposi sarcoma. The identification of specific chromosomal translocations and important intracellular signaling pathways such as Ras/Raf/MAPK, insulin-like growth factor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, sonic hedgehog and Notch together with the increasing knowledge of angiogenesis has led to development of targeted therapies that aim to interrupt these pathways. Innovative agents like oncolytic viruses opened the way to design new therapeutic options with encouraging findings. Preclinical evidence also highlights the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals as they can inhibit multiple pathways while being less toxic. This chapter gives an overview of actual therapeutic standards, newest evidence-based studies and exciting options for targeted therapies in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Radons
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany,
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Heldin CH. Targeting the PDGF signaling pathway in tumor treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:97. [PMID: 24359404 PMCID: PMC3878225 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and PDGF receptors have important functions in the regulation of growth and survival of certain cell types during embryonal development and e.g. tissue repair in the adult. Overactivity of PDGF receptor signaling, by overexpression or mutational events, may drive tumor cell growth. In addition, pericytes of the vasculature and fibroblasts and myofibroblasts of the stroma of solid tumors express PDGF receptors, and PDGF stimulation of such cells promotes tumorigenesis. Inhibition of PDGF receptor signaling has proven to useful for the treatment of patients with certain rare tumors. Whether treatment with PDGF/PDGF receptor antagonists will be beneficial for more common malignancies is the subject for ongoing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for life laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW After failure of standard therapy, few effective treatment options exist for adult patients with metastatic sarcomas, and median survival remains dismal at approximately 1 year. Pazopanib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has recently been approved for nonadipocytic soft tissue sarcomas refractory to chemotherapy. In this review, we will revisit the efficacy of pazopanib in sarcomas, and present a patient case that illustrates two of many unanswered questions: which sarcoma patients are most likely to benefit from pazopanib therapy, and what criteria are best suited to accurately detect benefit in clinical trials? RECENT FINDINGS Pazopanib has been tested in sarcoma patients in a phase II and phase III study, and was shown to prolong progression-free survival by 3 months relative to placebo. Although histology has been the primary stratification variable for subgroup analysis in large sarcoma trials, the PALETTE study did not demonstrate superior response within histologic cohorts. Ongoing trials seek to explore efficacy of pazopanib in previously excluded histologies, as well as include correlative studies to identify histologic and molecular biomarkers to predict patients likely to benefit. SUMMARY Pazopanib has been proven to provide modest benefit overall to nonadipocytic soft tissue sarcoma patients, but we have yet to identify the molecular basis for those patients who derive exceptional benefit.
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Berman AE, Leontieva OV, Natarajan V, McCubrey JA, Demidenko ZN, Nikiforov MA. Recent progress in genetics of aging, senescence and longevity: focusing on cancer-related genes. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1522-32. [PMID: 23455653 PMCID: PMC3681491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that aging results from the accumulation of molecular damage, including damage of DNA and mitochondria and accumulation of molecular garbage both inside and outside of the cell. Recently, this paradigm is being replaced by the “hyperfunction theory”, which postulates that aging is caused by activation of signal transduction pathways such as TOR (Target of Rapamycin). These pathways consist of different enzymes, mostly kinases, but also phosphatases, deacetylases, GTPases, and some other molecules that cause overactivation of normal cellular functions. Overactivation of these sensory signal transduction pathways can cause cellular senescence, age-related diseases, including cancer, and shorten life span. Here we review some of the numerous very recent publications on the role of signal transduction molecules in aging and age-related diseases. As was emphasized by the author of the “hyperfunction model”, many (or actually all) of them also play roles in cancer. So these “participants” in pro-aging signaling pathways are actually very well acquainted to cancer researchers. A cancer-related journal such as Oncotarget is the perfect place for publication of such experimental studies, reviews and perspectives, as it can bridge the gap between cancer and aging researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert E Berman
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow, Russia.
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Setsu N, Kohashi K, Fushimi F, Endo M, Yamamoto H, Takahashi Y, Yamada Y, Ishii T, Yokoyama K, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Prognostic impact of the activation status of the Akt/mTOR pathway in synovial sarcoma. Cancer 2013; 119:3504-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nokitaka Setsu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Fushimi
- Department of Pathology; National Kyushu Cancer Center; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishii
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | | | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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Michels S, Trautmann M, Sievers E, Kindler D, Huss S, Renner M, Friedrichs N, Kirfel J, Steiner S, Endl E, Wurst P, Heukamp L, Penzel R, Larsson O, Kawai A, Tanaka S, Sonobe H, Schirmacher P, Mechtersheimer G, Wardelmann E, Büttner R, Hartmann W. SRC signaling is crucial in the growth of synovial sarcoma cells. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2518-28. [PMID: 23580575 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a soft-tissue malignancy characterized by a reciprocal t(X;18) translocation encoding a chimeric transcriptional modifier. Several receptor tyrosine kinases have been found activated in synovial sarcoma; however, no convincing therapeutic concept has emerged from these findings. On the basis of the results of phosphokinase screening arrays, we here investigate the functional and therapeutic relevance of the SRC kinase in synovial sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry of phosphorylated SRC and its regulators CSK and PTP1B (PTPN1) was conducted in 30 synovial sarcomas. Functional aspects of SRC, including dependence of SRC activation on the SS18/SSX fusion proteins, were analyzed in vitro. Eventually, synovial sarcoma xenografts were treated with the SRC inhibitor dasatinib in vivo. Activated phospho (p)-(Tyr416)-SRC was detected in the majority of tumors; dysregulation of CSK or PTP1B was excluded as the reason for the activation of the kinase. Expression of the SS18/SSX fusion proteins in T-REx-293 cells was associated with increased p-(Tyr416)-SRC levels, linked with an induction of the insulin-like growth factor pathway. Treatment of synovial sarcoma cells with dasatinib led to apoptosis and inhibition of cellular proliferation, associated with reduced phosphorylation of FAK (PTK2), STAT3, IGF-IR, and AKT. Concurrent exposure of cells to dasatinib and chemotherapeutic agents resulted in additive effects. Cellular migration and invasion were dependent on signals transmitted by SRC involving regulation of the Rho GTPases Rac and RhoA. Treatment of nude mice with SYO-1 xenografts with dasatinib significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. In summary, SRC is of crucial biologic importance and represents a promising therapeutic target in synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Michels
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Cixutumumab and temsirolimus for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2013; 14:371-82. [PMID: 23477833 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(13)70049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have shown synergistic antitumour activity by inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and mTOR. The expression of IGF-1R seems to be crucial for this effect. We investigated the safety and efficacy of the combination of the IGF-1R antibody cixutumumab and the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus in patients with chemotherapy-refractory bone and soft-tissue sarcomas according to IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry. METHODS We undertook a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study in 19 cancer centres in the USA. Patients aged at least 16 years with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of bone or soft-tissue sarcoma were allocated on the basis of IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry to one of three treatment groups: IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma (group A), IGF-1R-positive bone sarcomas (group B), or IGF-1R-negative bone and soft-tissue sarcoma (group C). Patients received weekly treatment with cixutumumab (6 mg/kg, intravenous) and temsirolimus (25 mg, intravenous flat dose) in 6-week cycles. A Simon optimal two-stage design was used for every arm. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 weeks by intention-to-treat analysis in the first 54 patients assigned to every treatment arm. Although patients still remain on treatment, this trial has completed enrolment and this represents the final analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01016015. FINDINGS Between Nov 18, 2009, and April 11, 2012, 388 patients were screened for IGF-1R expression and 54 were assigned to each arm. 17 of 54 patients in the IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma group (31%; one-sided 95% CI lower bound 21%; two-sided 90% CI 21-43), 19 of 54 in IGF-1R-positive bone sarcoma group (35%; one-sided 95% CI lower bound 24%; two-sided 90% CI 24-47), and 21 of 54 in the IGF-1R-negative group (39%, one-sided 95% CI lower bound 28%; two-sided 90% CI 28-51) were progression free at 12 weeks. On April 6, 2011, the protocol was amended to include three additional patients in the IGF-1R-positive soft-tissue sarcoma group (total of 57 patients) and nine more in the IGF-1R-negative group (total of 63 patients). There were 2546 adverse events reported during the study, 214 (8%) of which were grade 3-4. The most common grade 3-4 toxicities in the 174 treated patients were anaemia in 16 (9%) patients, hyperglycaemia in 18 (10%), hypophosphataemia in 16 (9%), lymphopenia in 25 (14%), oral mucositis in 19 (11%), and thrombocytopenia in 19 (11%). INTERPRETATION The combination of cixutumumab and temsirolimus shows clinical activity in patients with sarcoma and forms a basis for future trials. However, IGF-1R expression by immunohistochemistry is not predictive of clinical outcome after treatment with this combination. FUNDING National Cancer Institute and CycleforSurvival Fund, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
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