1
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Moghbeli M. PI3K/AKT pathway as a pivotal regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung tumor cells. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:165. [PMID: 38730433 PMCID: PMC11084110 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, as the leading cause of cancer related deaths, is one of the main global health challenges. Despite various progresses in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there is still a high rate of mortality among lung cancer patients, which can be related to the lack of clinical symptoms to differentiate lung cancer from the other chronic respiratory disorders in the early tumor stages. Most lung cancer patients are identified in advanced and metastatic tumor stages, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in lung tumor progression and metastasis in order to introduce early diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in lung tumor metastasis, during which tumor cells gain the metastatic ability by acquiring mesenchymal characteristics. Since, majority of the oncogenic signaling pathways exert their role in tumor cell invasion by inducing the EMT process, in the present review we discussed the role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in regulation of EMT process during lung tumor metastasis. It has been reported that the PI3K/AKT acts as an inducer of EMT process through the activation of EMT-specific transcription factors in lung tumor cells. MicroRNAs also exerted their inhibitory effects during EMT process by inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway. This review can be an effective step towards introducing the PI3K/AKT pathway as a suitable therapeutic target to inhibit the EMT process and tumor metastasis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Shalabi S, Belayachi A, Larrivée B. Involvement of neuronal factors in tumor angiogenesis and the shaping of the cancer microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1284629. [PMID: 38375479 PMCID: PMC10875004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1284629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that nerves within the tumor microenvironment play a crucial role in regulating angiogenesis. Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released by nerves can interact with nearby blood vessels and tumor cells, influencing their behavior and modulating the angiogenic response. Moreover, nerve-derived signals may activate signaling pathways that enhance the production of pro-angiogenic factors within the tumor microenvironment, further supporting blood vessel growth around tumors. The intricate network of communication between neural constituents and the vascular system accentuates the potential of therapeutically targeting neural-mediated pathways as an innovative strategy to modulate tumor angiogenesis and, consequently, neoplastic proliferation. Hereby, we review studies that evaluate the precise molecular interplay and the potential clinical ramifications of manipulating neural elements for the purpose of anti-angiogenic therapeutics within the scope of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Shalabi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ali Belayachi
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Boulevard de l’Assomption, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, Canada
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3
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Sesen J, Ghalali A, Driscoll J, Martinez T, Lupieri A, Zurakowski D, Alexandrescu S, Smith ER, Fehnel KP. Discovery and Characterization of Ephrin B2 and EphB4 Dysregulation and Novel Mutations in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: In Vitro and Patient-Derived Evidence of Ephrin-Mediated Endothelial Cell Pathophysiology. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:12. [PMID: 38150042 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracranial vascular malformations manifest on a continuum ranging from predominantly arterial to predominantly venous in pathology. Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are capillary malformations that exist at the midpoint of this continuum. The axon guidance factor Ephrin B2 and its receptor EphB4 are critical regulators of vasculogenesis in the developing central nervous system. Ephrin B2/EphB4 dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of arterial-derived arteriovenous malformations and vein-based vein of Galen malformations. Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that aberrant Ephrin B2/EphB4 signaling may contribute to developing vascular malformations, but their role in CCMs remains largely uncharacterized. Evidence of Ephrin dysregulation in CCMs would be important to establish a common link in the pathogenic spectrum of EphrinB2/Ephb4 dysregulation. By studying patient-derived primary CCM endothelial cells (CCMECs), we established that CCMECs are functionally distinct from healthy endothelial cell controls; CCMECs demonstrated altered patterns of migration, motility, and impaired tube formation. In addition to the altered phenotype, the CCMECs also displayed an increased ratio of EphrinB2/EphB4 compared to the healthy endothelial control cells. Furthermore, whole exome sequencing identified mutations in both EphrinB2 and EphB4 in the CCMECs. These findings identify functional alterations in the EphrinB2/EphB4 ratio as a feature linking pathophysiology across the spectrum of arterial, capillary, and venous structural malformations in the central nervous system while revealing a putative therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sesen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Aram Ghalali
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jessica Driscoll
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tyra Martinez
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | | | - Edward R Smith
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katie P Fehnel
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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4
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Duggins-Warf M, Ghalali A, Sesen J, Martinez T, Fehnel KP, Pineda S, Zurakowski D, Smith ER. Disease specific urinary biomarkers in the central nervous system. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19244. [PMID: 37935834 PMCID: PMC10630515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary biomarkers can diagnose and monitor pathophysiologic conditions in the central nervous system (CNS). However, focus is often on single diseases, with limited data on discriminatory capability of this approach in a general setting. Here, we demonstrate that different classes of CNS disease exhibit distinct biomarker patterns, evidence of disease-specific "fingerprinting." Urine from 218 patients with pathology-confirmed tumors or cerebrovascular disease, controls (n = 33) were collected. ELISA and/or bead-based multiplexing quantified levels of 21 putative urinary biomarkers. Analysis identified biomarkers capable of distinguishing each disease from controls and other diseases. Mann-Whitney U tests identified biomarkers with differential expression between disease types and controls (P ≤ 0.001). Subsequent receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses revealed distinguishing biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. Areas under the curve (AUCs) ranged 0.8563-1.000 (P values ≤ 0.0003), sensitivities ranged 80.00-100.00%, and specificities ranged 80.95-100.00%. These data demonstrate proof-of-principle evidence that disease-specific urinary biomarker signatures exist. In contrast to non-specific responses to ischemia or injury, these results suggest that urinary biomarkers accurately reflect unique biological processes distinct to different diseases. This work can be used to generate disease-specific panels for enhancing diagnosis, assisting less-invasive follow-up and herald utility by revealing putative disease-specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Duggins-Warf
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aram Ghalali
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Sesen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyra Martinez
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie P Fehnel
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Pineda
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Kryza D, Wischhusen J, Richaud M, Hervieu M, Sidi Boumedine J, Delcros JG, Besse S, Baudier T, Laval PA, Breusa S, Boutault E, Clermidy H, Rama N, Ducarouge B, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Chezal JM, Giraudet AL, Walter T, Mehlen P, Sarrut D, Gibert B. From netrin-1-targeted SPECT/CT to internal radiotherapy for management of advanced solid tumors. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16732. [PMID: 36876343 PMCID: PMC10086585 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy is a revolutionary tool for the treatment of highly spread metastatic cancers. Most current approaches rely on the use of vectors to deliver radionuclides to tumor cells, targeting membrane-bound cancer-specific moieties. Here, we report the embryonic navigation cue netrin-1 as an unanticipated target for vectorized radiotherapy. While netrin-1, known to be re-expressed in tumoral cells to promote cancer progression, is usually characterized as a diffusible ligand, we demonstrate here that netrin-1 is actually poorly diffusible and bound to the extracellular matrix. A therapeutic anti-netrin-1 monoclonal antibody (NP137) has been preclinically developed and was tested in various clinical trials showing an excellent safety profile. In order to provide a companion test detecting netrin-1 in solid tumors and allowing the selection of therapy-eligible patients, we used the clinical-grade NP137 agent and developed an indium-111-NODAGA-NP137 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) contrast agent. NP137-111 In provided specific detection of netrin-1-positive tumors with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio using SPECT/CT imaging in different mouse models. The high specificity and strong affinity of NP137 paved the way for the generation of lutetium-177-DOTA-NP137, a novel vectorized radiotherapy, which specifically accumulated in netrin-1-positive tumors. We demonstrate here, using tumor cell-engrafted mouse models and a genetically engineered mouse model, that a single systemic injection of NP137-177 Lu provides important antitumor effects and prolonged mouse survival. Together, these data support the view that NP137-111 In and NP137-177 Lu may represent original and unexplored imaging and therapeutic tools against advanced solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kryza
- Imthernat, LAGEPP, CNRS UMR 5007, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Lumen Nuclear Medicine group, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jennifer Wischhusen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Richaud
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maëva Hervieu
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Sidi Boumedine
- Imthernat, LAGEPP, CNRS UMR 5007, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Guy Delcros
- Small molecules for biological targets, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon. UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286 ISPB Rockefeller, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Besse
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Baudier
- CREATIS, INSA Lyon, INSERM U1206 - CNRS UMR 5220, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Laval
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Silvia Breusa
- Imthernat, LAGEPP, CNRS UMR 5007, Université de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Erwan Boutault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hugo Clermidy
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Rama
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Laure Giraudet
- Lumen Nuclear Medicine group, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Walter
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service de Gastroentérologie et d'Oncologie Digestive, Lyon Cedex 03, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - David Sarrut
- CREATIS, INSA Lyon, INSERM U1206 - CNRS UMR 5220, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon1, Lyon, France.,Gastroenterology and technologies for health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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6
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Akoum J, Corvol MT, Tahiri K, Anract P, Biau D, Borderie D, Étienne F, Rannou F, Nguyen C. Netrin-1 Secreted by Human Osteoarthritic Articular Chondrocytes Promotes Angiogenesis in Vitro. Cartilage 2022; 13:94-104. [PMID: 36321743 PMCID: PMC9924986 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Netrin-1 expression in articular cartilage is correlated with osteoarthritic changes. We aimed to investigate the contribution of Netrin-1 secreted by human osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes to angiogenesis process in vitro. DESIGN Human articular chondrocytes were extracted from non-osteoarthritic (n = 10) and osteoarthritic (n = 22) joints obtained from surgical specimens and incubated for 24 hours. Medium conditioned by non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes were collected. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with control and conditioned medium and assessed using assays for cell adherence, migration, and tube formation. Netrin-1 expression and secretion was compared between non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes by qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. The role of chondrocyte-secreted Netrin-1 on HUVEC functions was assessed by immunological neutralization using an anti-Netrin-1 monoclonal antibody. RESULTS As compared with medium conditioned by non-osteoarthritic chondrocytes, medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes permitted tube formation by HUVEC. Both non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes expressed Netrin-1 at the RNA and protein levels. At the RNA level, Netrin-1 expression did not differ between non-osteoarthritic and osteoarthritic chondrocytes. At the protein level, Netrin-1 appeared as a full protein of 64 kDa in non-osteoarthritic chondrocytes and as two cleaved proteins of 55 kDa and 64 kDa in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Immunological neutralization of endogenous Netrin-1 reduced the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile of HUVEC treated with the medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes, as well as their capacities to form tubes. CONCLUSIONS Medium conditioned by osteoarthritic chondrocytes permits tube formation by HUVEC in vitro. This permissive effect is mediated by Netrin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joulnar Akoum
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Corvol
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Khadija Tahiri
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Anract
- Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service d’Orthopédie, Hôpital Cochin,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France
| | - David Biau
- Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service d’Orthopédie, Hôpital Cochin,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France,INSERM UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche
Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France
| | - Didier Borderie
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Faculté de Santé, UFR de Pharmacie,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service de Diagnostic Biologique
Automatisé, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université
Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Étienne
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Rannou
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service de Rééducation et de
Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France
| | - Christelle Nguyen
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Toxicité
Environnementale, Cibles Thérapeutiques, Signalisation Cellulaire et Biomarqueurs
(T3S), UFR Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Faculté de Santé, UFR de Médecine,
Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Service de Rééducation et de
Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpital Cochin,
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université Paris Cité, Paris,
France,Christelle Nguyen, Service de Rééducation
et de Réadaptation de l’Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis,
Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Université Paris
Cité, 27, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Paris 75014, France.
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7
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Zhu Y, Liu Z, Guo Y, Li S, Qu Y, Dai L, Chen Y, Ning W, Zhang H, Ma L. Whole-genome sequencing of extrachromosomal circular DNA of cerebrospinal fluid of medulloblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:934159. [PMID: 36452490 PMCID: PMC9703567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.934159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant tumor associated with a poor prognosis in part due to a lack of effective detection methods. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has been associated with multiple tumors. Nonetheless, little is currently known on eccDNA in MB. METHODS Genomic features of eccDNAs were identified in MB tissues and matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and compared with corresponding normal samples using Circle map. The nucleotides on both sides of the eccDNAs' breakpoint were analyzed to understand the mechanisms of eccDNA formation. Bioinformatics analysis combined with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database identified features of eccDNA-related genes in MB. Lasso Cox regression model, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, time-dependent ROC, and Kaplan-Meier curve were used to assess the potential diagnostic and prognostic value of the hub genes. RESULTS EccDNA was profiled in matched tumor and CSF samples from MB patients, and control, eccDNA-related genes enriched in MB were identified. The distribution of eccDNAs in the genome was closely related to gene density and the mechanism of eccDNA formation was evaluated. EccDNAs in CSF exhibited similar distribution with matched MB tissues but were differentially expressed between tumor and normal. Ten hub genes prominent in both the eccDNA dataset and the GEO database were selected to classify MB patients to either high- or low-risk groups, and a prognostic nomogram was thus established. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence of the characteristics and formation mechanism of eccDNAs in MB and CSF. Importantly, eccDNA-associated hub genes in CSF could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuduo Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shenglun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihai Ning
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Lehman LL, Kaseka ML, Stout J, See AP, Pabst L, Sun LR, Hassanein SA, Waak M, Vossough A, Smith ER, Dlamini N. Pediatric Moyamoya Biomarkers: Narrowing the Knowledge Gap. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 43:101002. [PMID: 36344019 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Moyamoya is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder that leads to stenosis of the arteries in the distal internal carotid, proximal middle cerebral and proximal anterior cerebral arteries of the circle of Willis. Typically a network of collaterals form to bypass the stenosis and maintain cerebral blood flow. As moyamoya progresses it affects the anterior circulation more commonly than posterior circulation, and cerebral blood flow becomes increasingly reliant on external carotid supply. Children with moyamoya are at increased risk for ischemic symptoms including stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). In addition, cognitive decline may occur over time, even in the absence of clinical stroke. Standard of care for stroke prevention in children with symptomatic moyamoya is revascularization surgery. Treatment of children with asymptomatic moyamoya with revascularization surgery however remains more controversial. Therefore, biomarkers are needed to assist with not only diagnosis but also with determining ischemic risk and identifying best surgical candidates. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge as well as gaps in research in relation to pediatric moyamoya biomarkers including neurologic presentation, cognitive, neuroimaging, genetic and biologic biomarkers of disease severity and ischemic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Lehman
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Matsanga Leyila Kaseka
- Department of Neurology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffery Stout
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alfred P See
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Pabst
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Lisa R Sun
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sahar A Hassanein
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Michaela Waak
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Queensland Children's Hospital; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arastoo Vossough
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward R Smith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nomazulu Dlamini
- Division of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
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9
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Huang L, An X, Zhu Y, Zhang K, Xiao L, Yao X, Zeng X, Liang S, Yu J. Netrin-1 induces the anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of B-ALL cells through the Unc5b-MAPK axis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:122. [PMID: 35974411 PMCID: PMC9380321 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) comprises over 85% of all acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases and is the most common childhood malignancy. Although the 5 year overall survival of patients with B-ALL exceeds 90%, patients with relapsed or refractory B-ALL may suffer from poor prognosis and adverse events. The axon guidance factor netrin-1 has been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis of many types of cancers. However, the impact of netrin-1 on B-ALL remains unknown. METHODS The expression level of netrin-1 in peripheral blood samples of children with B-ALL and children without neoplasia was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Then, CCK-8 cell proliferation assays and flow cytometric analysis were performed to detect the viability and apoptosis of B-ALL cells (Reh and Sup B15) treated with exogenous recombinant netrin-1 at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 ng/ml. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP) was performed to detect the receptor of netrin-1. UNC5B expression interference was induced in B-ALL cells with recombinant lentivirus, and then CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry assays and western blotting assays were performed to verify that netrin-1 might act on B-ALL cells via the receptor Unc5b. Finally, western blotting and kinase inhibitor treatment were applied to detect the downstream signaling pathway. RESULTS Netrin-1 expression was increased in B-ALL, and netrin-1 expression was upregulated in patients with high- and intermediate-risk stratification group of patients. Then, we found that netrin-1 induced an anti-apoptotic effect in B-ALL cells, implying that netrin-1 plays an oncogenic role in B-ALL. co-IP results showed that netrin-1 interacted with the receptor Unc5b in B-ALL cells. Interference with UNC5B was performed in B-ALL cells and abolished the antiapoptotic effects of netrin-1. Further western blotting was applied to detect the phosphorylation levels of key molecules in common signaling transduction pathways in B-ALL cells treated with recombinant netrin-1, and the FAK-MAPK signaling pathway was found to be activated. The anti-apoptotic effect of netrin-1 and FAK-MAPK phosphorylation was abrogated by UNC5B interference. FAK inhibitor treatment and ERK inhibitor treatment were applied and verified that the FAK-MAPK pathway may be downstream of Unc5b. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggested that netrin-1 induced the anti-apoptotic effect of B-ALL cells through activation of the FAK-MAPK signaling pathway by binding to the receptor Unc5b. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshanerlu, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xizhou An
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshanerlu, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshanerlu, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kainan Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshanerlu, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshanerlu, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xinyuan Yao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshanerlu, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshanerlu, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Shaoyan Liang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshanerlu, Yuzhong district, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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10
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Zhao Y, Song J, Ding X, Hao Y, Cao L. Detection of netrin-1 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and chemotherapeutic monitoring of lung cancer. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221105364. [PMID: 35765995 PMCID: PMC9247403 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the value
of netrin-1 for the diagnosis and chemotherapeutic monitoring of lung
cancer. Methods Thirty pairs of lung cancer tissues and serum were collected. Netrin-1
expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. Netrin-1 expression was downregulated in A549 cells
using small interfering RNA, and the effect of netrin-1 on cisplatin-induced
lung cancer cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. Results Netrin-1-positivity was significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than in
paracarcinoma tissues and high expression of netrin-1 was closely related to
a poor prognosis. Serum netrin-1 levels were also significantly higher in
lung cancer patients than in healthy donors, and were higher in patients
with lung cancer before the beginning of chemotherapy compared with after
the completion of four cycles of chemotherapy. Netrin-1 knockdown increased
the rate of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Conclusions Netrin-1 expression was increased in tissues and serum from lung cancer
patients and decreased after chemotherapy, suggesting that it may be a
potential diagnostic marker and indicator of chemosensitivity. Netrin-1 may
participate in cisplatin resistance by reducing apoptosis, thus providing a
new strategy for addressing chemoresistance in patients with lung
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejiao Ding
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning, China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning, China
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11
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Bellina M, Bernet A. [Netrin-1, a novel antitumoral target]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:351-358. [PMID: 35485895 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1, a secreted molecule that was first described for its role in guidance during embryogenesis, was then brought to light for its overexpression in a large number of aggressive cancers. Netrin-1 is a ligand of "dependence receptors". In adults, the interaction between Netrine-1 and these receptors triggers the survival, proliferation, and migration of different cell types. This will confer better survival properties to tumor cells, making them more prone to form aggressive tumors. A recently developed novel therapy aims at inhibiting the binding of Netrin-1 to these receptors in order to trigger cell death by apoptosis. This article presents a review of the functional characteristics of the Netrin-1 molecule, and the potential effects of a novel targeted therapy against Netrin-1 that could lead to very promising results in combination with conventional anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bellina
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Bernet
- Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
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12
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Nakayama H, Ohnuki H, Nakahara M, Nishida-Fukuda H, Sakaue T, Fukuda S, Higashiyama S, Doi Y, Mitsuyoshi M, Okimoto T, Tosato G, Kusumoto C. Inactivation of axon guidance molecule netrin-1 in human colorectal cancer by an epigenetic mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 611:146-150. [PMID: 35489200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Netrin-1, the protein product of the NTN1 gene, is an axon guidance molecule implicated in regulation of cell survival and tumorigenesis. Expression of the netrin-1 receptors deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and uncoordinated 5 homolog (UNC5H) is frequently silenced in colorectal cancer (CRC) by either loss of heterozygosity or epigenetic mechanisms. However, netrin-1 expression and regulation in CRC are mostly unknown. Here, we report that NTN1 expression is significantly reduced in most CRC tissues compared to the adjacent normal intestinal mucosa, and that NTN1 DNA methylation is significantly higher in CRCs (24.6%) than in the adjacent normal intestinal mucosa (4.0%). In 6 CRC cell lines, NTN1 expression is low. Treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased expression of NTN1 in CRC cell lines, indicating that DNA methylation represses NTN1 transcription in CRCs. NTN1 DNA hypermethylation was significantly associated with advanced CRC disease. Median netrin-1 serum levels were significantly decreased in CRC patients (330.1 pg/mL) compared with normal individuals (438.6 pg/mL). Our results suggest that netrin-1 is a candidate biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Nakayama
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-2695, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Ohnuki
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Masako Nakahara
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-2695, Japan
| | - Hisayo Nishida-Fukuda
- Department of Genome Editing, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 5731010, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Sakaue
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Shitsukawa, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yuki Doi
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-0927, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mitsuyoshi
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-0927, Japan; Department of Surgery I, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kita-kyushu, Fukuoka, 807-0804, Japan
| | - Takashi Okimoto
- Department of Surgery, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-0927, Japan; Department of Surgery, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Kita-kyushu, Fukuoka, 800-0296, Japan
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chiaki Kusumoto
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-2695, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology, Nippon Kokan Fukuyama Hospital, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-0927, Japan.
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13
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Haydar D, Ibañez-Vega J, Krenciute G. T-Cell Immunotherapy for Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: New Insights to Overcoming Therapeutic Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718030. [PMID: 34760690 PMCID: PMC8573171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain the most debilitating, difficult to treat, and deadliest cancers. Current therapies, including radiation, chemotherapy, and/or surgery, are unable to cure these diseases and are associated with serious adverse effects and long-term impairments. Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has the potential to elucidate therapeutic antitumor immune responses that improve survival without the devastating adverse effects associated with other therapies. Yet, despite the outstanding performance of CAR T cells against hematologic malignancies, they have shown little success targeting brain tumors. This lack of efficacy is due to a scarcity of targetable antigens, interactions with the immune microenvironment, and physical and biological barriers limiting the homing and trafficking of CAR T cells to brain tumors. In this review, we summarize experiences with CAR T-cell therapy for pediatric CNS tumors in preclinical and clinical settings and focus on the current roadblocks and novel strategies to potentially overcome those therapeutic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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14
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Zhu Y, Li Y, Nakagawara A. UNC5 dependence receptor family in human cancer: A controllable double-edged sword. Cancer Lett 2021; 516:28-35. [PMID: 34077783 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNC5 receptor family (UNC5A-D) have been identified as dependence receptors whose functions depend on the availability of their ligand netrin-1. Through binding to netrin-1, these receptors transmit signals for cell survival, migration and differentiation, and participate in diverse physiological and pathological processes. In the lack of netrin-1, however, these receptors initiate apoptosis-inducing signal. Accumulating evidence reveals that netrin-1 and its receptors play a role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The expression of UNC5 receptor family is down-regulated in a variety of human tumors. Expression aberrance of UNC5 receptor family in tumors is caused by diverse mechanisms including genomic, epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Notably, blocking netrin-1 binding to its receptors induces apoptotic cell death in tumor cells. In this review, we describe the characters and roles of UNC5 family members in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, discussing the regulatory mechanisms underlying down-regulation of UNC5 family members as well as recent implications of targeting netrin-1/UNC5 on potential clinical application for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Kyushu International Heavy Particle Beam Cancer Radiotherapy Center (SAGA HIMAT Foundation), Tosu, Japan.
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15
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Baxter PA, Su JM, Onar-Thomas A, Billups CA, Li XN, Poussaint TY, Smith ER, Thompson P, Adesina A, Ansell P, Giranda V, Paulino A, Kilburn L, Quaddoumi I, Broniscer A, Blaney SM, Dunkel IJ, Fouladi M. A phase I/II study of veliparib (ABT-888) with radiation and temozolomide in newly diagnosed diffuse pontine glioma: a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:875-885. [PMID: 32009149 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium (PBTC) phase I/II trial of veliparib and radiation followed by veliparib and temozolomide (TMZ) was conducted in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). The objectives were to: (i) estimate the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of veliparib with concurrent radiation; (ii) evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of veliparib during radiation; (iii) evaluate feasibility of intrapatient TMZ dose escalation; (iv) describe toxicities of protocol therapy; and (v) estimate the overall survival distribution compared with historical series. METHODS Veliparib was given Monday through Friday b.i.d. during radiation followed by a 4-week rest. Patients then received veliparib at 25 mg/m2 b.i.d. and TMZ 135 mg/m2 daily for 5 days every 28 days. Intrapatient dose escalation of TMZ was investigated for patients experiencing minimal toxicity. RESULTS Sixty-six patients (65 eligible) were enrolled. The RP2D of veliparib was 65 mg/m2 b.i.d. with radiation. Dose-limiting toxicities during radiation with veliparib therapy included: grade 2 intratumoral hemorrhage (n = 1), grade 3 maculopapular rash (n = 2), and grade 3 nervous system disorder (generalized neurologic deterioration) (n = 1). Intrapatient TMZ dose escalation during maintenance was not tolerated. Following a planned interim analysis, it was concluded that this treatment did not show a survival benefit compared with PBTC historical controls, and accrual was stopped for futility. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 37.2% (SE 7%) and 5.3% (SE 3%), respectively. CONCLUSION Addition of veliparib to radiation followed by TMZ and veliparib was tolerated but did not improve survival for patients with newly diagnosed DIPG. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01514201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jack M Su
- Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Patrick Thompson
- University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Arnold Paulino
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Susan M Blaney
- Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ira J Dunkel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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16
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Sesen J, Driscoll J, Moses-Gardner A, Orbach DB, Zurakowski D, Smith ER. Non-invasive Urinary Biomarkers in Moyamoya Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:661952. [PMID: 33868159 PMCID: PMC8047329 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.661952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A major difficulty in treating moyamoya disease is the lack of effective methods to detect novel or progressive disease prior to the onset of disabling stroke. More importantly, a tool to better stratify operative candidates and quantify response to therapy could substantively complement existing methods. Here, we present proof-of-principle data supporting the use of urinary biomarkers as diagnostic adjuncts in pediatric moyamoya patients. Methods: Urine and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected from pediatric patients with moyamoya disease and a cohort of age and sex-matched control patients. Clinical and radiographic data were paired with measurements of a previously validated panel of angiogenic proteins quantified by ELISA. Results were compared to age and sex-matched controls and subjected to statistical analyses. Results: Evaluation of a specific panel of urinary and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers by ELISA demonstrated significant elevations of angiogenic proteins in samples from moyamoya patients compared to matched controls. ROC curves for individual urinary biomarkers, including MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-9/NGAL, and VEGF, showed excellent discrimination. The optimal urinary biomarker was MMP-2, providing a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 100%, and overall accuracy of 91%. Biomarker levels changed in response to therapy and correlated with radiographic evidence of revascularization. Conclusions: We report, for the first time, identification of a panel of urinary biomarkers that predicts the presence of moyamoya disease. These biomarkers correlate with presence of disease and can be tracked from the central nervous system to urine. These data support the hypothesis that urinary proteins are useful predictors of the presence of moyamoya disease and may provide a basis for a novel, non-invasive method to identify new disease and monitor known patients following treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sesen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Driscoll
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexander Moses-Gardner
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Darren B Orbach
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David Zurakowski
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward R Smith
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Villanueva AA, Sanchez-Gomez P, Muñoz-Palma E, Puvogel S, Casas BS, Arriagada C, Peña-Villalobos I, Lois P, Ramírez Orellana M, Lubieniecki F, Casco Claro F, Gallegos I, García-Castro J, Torres VA, Palma V. The Netrin-1-Neogenin-1 signaling axis controls neuroblastoma cell migration via integrin-β1 and focal adhesion kinase activation. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 15:58-73. [PMID: 33724150 PMCID: PMC7971226 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2021.1892397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a highly metastatic tumor that emerges from neural crest cell progenitors. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a regulator of cell migration that binds to the receptor Neogenin-1 and is upregulated in neuroblastoma. Here, we show that Netrin-1 ligand binding to Neogenin-1 leads to FAK autophosphorylation and integrin β1 activation in a FAK dependent manner, thus promoting neuroblastoma cell migration. Moreover, Neogenin-1, which was detected in all tumor stages and was required for neuroblastoma cell migration, was found in a complex with integrin β1, FAK, and Netrin-1. Importantly, Neogenin-1 promoted neuroblastoma metastases in an immunodeficient mouse model. Taken together, these data show that Neogenin-1 is a metastasis-promoting protein that associates with FAK, activates integrin β1 and promotes neuroblastoma cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Villanueva
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pilar Sanchez-Gomez
- Neurooncology Unit, Unidad Funcional de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Muñoz-Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Puvogel
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara S Casas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Arriagada
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac Peña-Villalobos
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Lois
- Postgraduate in Education Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad Mayor. Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Ramírez Orellana
- Postgraduate in Education Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad Mayor. Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Iván Gallegos
- Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier García-Castro
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Tang K, Gardner S, Snuderl M. The Role of Liquid Biopsies in Pediatric Brain Tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:934-940. [PMID: 32766689 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and serial therapeutic monitoring for pediatric brain tumors are essential for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Currently, neuropathological diagnosis relies on biopsy of tumor tissue and surgical intervention. There is a great clinical need for less invasive methods to molecularly characterize the tumor and allow for more reliable monitoring of patients during treatment and to identify patients that might potentially benefit from targeted therapies, particularly in the setting where diagnostic tissue cannot be safely obtained. In this literature review, we highlight recent studies that describe the use of circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, circulating RNA and microRNA, and extracellular vesicles as strategies to develop liquid biopsies in pediatric central nervous system tumors. Liquid biomarkers have been demonstrated using plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The use of liquid biopsies to help guide diagnosis, determine treatment response, and analyze mechanisms of treatment resistance is foreseeable in the future. Continued efforts to improve signal detection and standardize liquid biopsy procedures are needed for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute
| | - Sharon Gardner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Neuropathology, New York.,University Langone Health, New York, New York
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19
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Li M, Deng Y, Zhang W. Molecular Determinants of Medulloblastoma Metastasis and Leptomeningeal Dissemination. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:743-752. [PMID: 33608450 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain cancer in pediatrics consisting of four molecular subgroups, namely wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), Group 3, and Group 4. One of the biggest challenges in the clinical management of this disease is the leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) of tumor cells with high morbidity and mortality. Many molecular regulators to date have been identified to participate in medulloblastoma metastasis. In the SHH subgroup, the co-upregulation of CXCR4 and PDGFR, as well as the activation of c-MET, show significant promigratory effects on medulloblastoma cells. Amplification or overexpression of genes on the long arm of chromosome 17, such as LASP1 and WIP1, facilitates tumor invasion in both Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastomas. PRUNE1, NOTCH1, and MYC interactor JPO2 are more specific genetic drivers of metastatic Group 3 tumors. The RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways are two crucial signal transduction pathways that may work as the convergent downstream mechanism of various metastatic drivers. Extracellular signals and cellular components in the tumor microenvironment also play a vital role in promoting the spread and colonization of medulloblastoma cells. For instance, the stromal granule cells and astrocytes support tumor growth and dissemination by secreting PlGF and CCL2, respectively. Importantly, the genetic divergence has been determined between the matched primary and metastatic medulloblastoma samples. However, the difficulty of obtaining metastatic medulloblastoma tissue hinders more profound studies of LMD. Therefore, identifying and analyzing the subclone with the metastatic propensity in the primary tumor is essential for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Deng
- Department of Pediatrics Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Sesen J, Driscoll J, Shah N, Moses-Gardner A, Luiselli G, Alexandrescu S, Zurakowski D, Baxter PA, Su JM, Pricola Fehnel K, Smith ER. Neogenin is highly expressed in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma and influences tumor invasion. Brain Res 2021; 1762:147348. [PMID: 33571520 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sesen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Driscoll
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishali Shah
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Moses-Gardner
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Luiselli
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanda Alexandrescu
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia A Baxter
- Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, 77030 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack M Su
- Texas Children's Hospital/Baylor College of Medicine, 77030 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katie Pricola Fehnel
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Claro V, Ferro A. Netrin-1: Focus on its role in cardiovascular physiology and atherosclerosis. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 9:2048004020959574. [PMID: 33282228 PMCID: PMC7691900 DOI: 10.1177/2048004020959574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The netrins form a family of laminin-related proteins which were first
described as modulators of cell migration and axonal guidance during
fetal development. Netrin-1 is the most extensively studied member of
this family and, since its discovery, non-neural roles have been
associated with it. Together with its receptors, DCC/neogenin and
UNC5, netrin-1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of
angiogenesis, organogenesis, cancer and inflammation. An
NF-κB-dependent truncated isoform of netrin-1 has also been shown to
be produced in endothelial and some types of cancer cells, which both
accumulates in and affects the function of the nucleus. In
atherosclerosis, conflicting roles for netrin-1 have been reported on
plaque progression via its receptor UNC5b. Whereas endothelial-derived
netrin-1 inhibits chemotaxis of leukocytes and reduces the migration
of monocytes to the atherosclerotic plaque, netrin-1 expressed by
macrophages within the plaque plays a pro-atherogenic role, promoting
cell survival, recruiting smooth muscle cells and inhibiting foam cell
egress to the lymphatic system. In contrast, there is evidence that
netrin-1 promotes macrophage differentiation to an alternative
activated phenotype and induces expression of IL-4 and IL-13, while
downregulate expression of IL-6 and COX-2. Further work is needed to
elucidate the precise roles of the two isoforms of netrin-1 in
different cell types in the context of atherosclerosis, and its
potential as a putative novel therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Claro
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Albert Ferro
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
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22
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Dysregulation of the EphrinB2-EphB4 ratio in pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction in vitro and functions as a novel noninvasive biomarker in patients. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:658-671. [PMID: 32286515 PMCID: PMC7210966 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated (1) EphrinB2 and EphB4 receptor expression in cerebral AVMs, (2) the impact of an altered EphrinB2:EphB4 ratio on brain endothelial cell function and (3) potential translational applications of these data. The following parameters were compared between AVM endothelial cells (AVMECs) and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs): quantified EphrinB2 and EphB4 expression, angiogenic potential, and responses to manipulation of the EphrinB2:EphB4 ratio via pharmacologic stimulation/inhibition. To investigate the clinical relevance of these in vitro data, Ephrin expression was assessed in AVM tissue (by immunohistochemistry) and urine (by ELISA) from pediatric patients with AVM (n = 30), other cerebrovascular disease (n = 14) and control patients (n = 29), and the data were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Compared to HBMVECs, AVMECs demonstrated increased invasion (p = 0.04) and migration (p = 0.08), impaired tube formation (p = 0.06) and increased EphrinB2:EphB4 ratios. Altering the EphrinB2:EphB4 ratio (by increasing EphrinB2 or blocking EphB4) in HBMVECs increased invasion (p = 0.03 and p < 0.05, respectively). EphrinB2 expression was increased in AVM tissue, which correlated with increased urinary EphrinB2 levels in AVM patients. Using the optimal urinary cutoff value (EphrinB2 > 25.7 pg/μg), AVMs were detected with high accuracy (80% vs. controls) and were distinguished from other cerebrovascular disease (75% accuracy). Post-treatment urinary EphrinB2 levels normalized in an index patient. In summary, AVMECs have an EphrinB2:EphB4 ratio that is increased compared to that of normal HBMVECs. Changing this ratio in HBMVECs induces AVMEC-like behavior. EphrinB2 is clinically relevant, and its levels are increased in AVM tissue and patient urine. This work suggests that dysregulation of the EphrinB2:EphB4 signaling cascade and increases in EphrinB2 may play a role in AVM development, with potential utility as a diagnostic and therapeutic target. Tangled blood vessel growths in the brain, known as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), can be identified with a urine test, and the test protein may also help in treatment. AVMs often have no symptoms and can go undiagnosed, but when they rupture they can cause deadly brain hemorrhage. Better diagnostic tools and nonsurgical treatments are needed. Katie Fehnel and Edward Smith at Boston Children’s Hospital, USA, and co-workers identified an imbalance in a pair of signal/receptor proteins called ephrins in AVMs. Disturbing the balance of ephrin levels in blood vessel-forming cells disrupted growth, causing disorganized vessel formation with too many sprouts and insufficient junctions. Testing ephrin levels in patients’ urine reliably identified AVMs. These results offer a rapid and noninvasive new diagnostic tool and may help find new treatments for this mostly invisible and potentially fatal condition.
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Yin K, Wang L, Xia Y, Dang S, Zhang X, He Z, Xu J, Shang M, Xu Z. Netrin-1 promotes cell neural invasion in gastric cancer via its receptor neogenin. J Cancer 2019; 10:3197-3207. [PMID: 31289590 PMCID: PMC6603376 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural invasion (NI) is one of the important routes for local spread of gastric cancer (GC) correlated with poor prognosis. However, the exact cellular characteristics and molecular mechanisms of NI in GC are still unclear. Netrin-1(NTN1) as an axon guidance molecule was firstly found during neural system development. Importantly, NTN1 has an essential role in the progression of malignant tumor and specifically mediates the induction of invasion. In this study, we found NTN1 expression was significantly increased in 97 tumor tissues from GC patients and positively correlated with NI (p<0.05). In addition, we detected NTN1 knockdown significantly suppressed GC cells migration and invasion. Moreover, our results showed that reciprocity was observed between GC cells and neurites colonies in dorsal root ganglia (DRG)-GC cells co-culture vitro model. GC cells with NTN1 silencing could suppress their abilities to navigate along surrounding neuritis and this effect was depended on its receptor neogenin. In vivo, NTN1 inhibition also decreased GC cells sciatic nerve invasion. Taken together, our findings argue that NTN1 and its receptor neogenin might act synergistically in promoting GC cells neural invasion. Inhibiting the activity of NTN1 could be a potential strategy targeting NI in GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengchun Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyuan Shang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Sung PJ, Rama N, Imbach J, Fiore S, Ducarouge B, Neves D, Chen HW, Bernard D, Yang PC, Bernet A, Depil S, Mehlen P. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Produce Netrin-1 to Control Cancer Cell Plasticity. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3651-3661. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Wojtas B, Gielniewski B, Wojnicki K, Maleszewska M, Mondal SS, Nauman P, Grajkowska W, Glass R, Schüller U, Herold-Mende C, Kaminska B. Gliosarcoma Is Driven by Alterations in PI3K/Akt, RAS/MAPK Pathways and Characterized by Collagen Gene Expression Signature. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030284. [PMID: 30818875 PMCID: PMC6468745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliosarcoma is a very rare brain tumor reported to be a variant of glioblastoma (GBM), IDH-wildtype. While differences in molecular and histological features between gliosarcoma and GBM were reported, detailed information on the genetic background of this tumor is lacking. We intend to fill in this knowledge gap by the complex analysis of somatic mutations, indels, copy number variations, translocations and gene expression patterns in gliosarcomas. Using next generation sequencing, we determined somatic mutations, copy number variations (CNVs) and translocations in 10 gliosarcomas. Six tumors have been further subjected to RNA sequencing analysis and gene expression patterns have been compared to those of GBMs. We demonstrate that gliosarcoma bears somatic alterations in gene coding for PI3K/Akt (PTEN, PI3K) and RAS/MAPK (NF1, BRAF) signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor growth. Interestingly, the frequency of PTEN alterations in gliosarcomas was much higher than in GBMs. Aberrations of PTEN were the most frequent and occurred in 70% of samples. We identified genes differentially expressed in gliosarcoma compared to GBM (including collagen signature) and confirmed a difference in the protein level by immunohistochemistry. We found several novel translocations (including translocations in the RABGEF1 gene) creating potentially unfavorable combinations. Collected results on genetic alterations and transcriptomic profiles offer new insights into gliosarcoma pathobiology, highlight differences in gliosarcoma and GBM genetic backgrounds and point out to distinct molecular cues for targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Wojtas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartlomiej Gielniewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Shamba S Mondal
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Pawel Nauman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw 02-957, Poland.
| | - Wieslawa Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland.
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics, LMU Munich 80539, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf 20251, Germany.
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Jin X, Luan H, Chai H, Yan L, Zhang J, Wang Q, Cao L. Netrin‑1 interference potentiates epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition through the PI3K/AKT pathway under the hypoxic microenvironment conditions of non‑small cell lung cancer. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1457-1465. [PMID: 30968155 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin‑1 is overexpressed in several types of cancer. However, whether netrin‑1 can potentiate hypoxia‑induced tumor progression in lung cancer has not been reported to date. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether netrin‑1 regulates cancer cell migration and invasion under hypoxic conditions in lung cancer and explore the underlying mechanism. A three‑dimensional microfluidic chip was used to observe real‑time changes in cancer cells, and cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was used to simulate a hypoxic microenvironment. Netrin‑1 siRNA was employed in the A549 and PC9 cell lines to downregulate the expression of netrin‑1. Microfluidic chip, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to examine cell migration and invasion. The expression levels of E‑cadherin and vimentin were detected by western blotting. The data demonstrated that netrin‑1 mediated epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 and PC9 cells in vitro, which may be associated with the phosphoinositide 3 kinase/AKT pathway. This effect of netrin‑1 on the EMT was not observed in the normoxic microenvironment. In this retrospective study, netrin‑1 concentrations were evaluated in serum obtained from patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compared with healthy control samples by quantitative enzyme‑linked immunosorbent analysis. The serum concentration of netrin‑1 was found to be significantly higher in NSCLC patients compared with that in healthy donors. Taken together, the findings of the present study highlight a novel role for netrin‑1 in tumor development under hypoxia in NSCLC and provide further evidence for the use of netrin‑1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Heqi Luan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Hua Chai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Lina Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Τhe Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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Nakayama H, Kusumoto C, Nakahara M, Fujiwara A, Higashiyama S. Semaphorin 3F and Netrin-1: The Novel Function as a Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1662. [PMID: 30532711 PMCID: PMC6265511 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance molecules play an important role in regulating proper neuronal networking during neuronal development. They also have non-neuronal properties, which include angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumor development. Semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F), a member of the class 3 semaphorins, was initially identified as an axon guidance factor, that repels axons and collapses growth cones. However, SEMA3F has similar effects on endothelial cells (ECs) and tumor cells. In this review, we discuss the novel molecular mechanisms underlying SEMA3F activity in vascular and tumor biology. Recent evidence suggests that SEMA3F functions as a PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibitor in mammalian cells, including T cells, ECs, and tumor cells. Therefore, SEMA3F may have broad therapeutic implications. We also discuss the key role of axon guidance molecules as regulators of the tumor microenvironment. Netrin-1, a chemoattractant factor in the neuronal system, promotes tumor progression by enhancing angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, our recent studies demonstrate that netrin-1/neogenin interactions augment CD4+ T cell chemokinesis and elicit pro-inflammatory responses, suggesting that netrin-1 plays a key role in modulating the function of a tumor and its surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, this review focuses on SEMA3F and netrin-1 signaling mechanisms to understand the diverse biological functions of axon guidance molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Nakayama
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.,Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kusumoto
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Masako Nakahara
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiwara
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
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28
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Lin Z, Jin J, Bai W, Li J, Shan X. Netrin-1 prevents the attachment of monocytes to endothelial cells via an anti-inflammatory effect. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:166-172. [PMID: 30290313 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Netrin-1 is best known for its function guiding axon growth and migration. Netrin-1 has been shown to be involved in regulating cardiovascular function. In this study, we aimed to understand the biological role of Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5b in endothelial cells. Our results demonstrate that Unc5b was moderately expressed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and TNF-α had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on Unc5b level. Netrin-1 potently suppressed TNF-α-induced vascular adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin and blocked the adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. Netrin-1 also suppressed TNF-α-induced production of cytokines including MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6. Importantly, Netrin-1 suppressed toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and prevented NF-κB activation. Mechanistically, Netrin-1 reduced TNF-α-induced IKK and IκBα activation and prevented degradation of IκBα. Netrin-1 reduced nuclear accumulation of p65 and strongly suppressed NF-κB promoter activation. Collectively, our data demonstrated that signaling of Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5b had an anti-inflammatory effect in endothelial cells. Netrin-1 signaling could be imperative for normal endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoheng Lin
- The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province, PR China.
| | - Jing Jin
- The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Weirong Bai
- The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province, PR China
| | - Xiyun Shan
- The People's Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong, Yunnan Province, PR China
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29
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Nakayama H, Higashiyama S. [Novel function of axon guidance molecule as a regulator of tumor microenvironment]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2018; 150:286-292. [PMID: 29225291 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.150.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Stromecki M, Tatari N, Morrison LC, Kaur R, Zagozewski J, Palidwor G, Ramaswamy V, Skowron P, Wölfl M, Milde T, Del Bigio MR, Taylor MD, Werbowetski-Ogilvie TE. Characterization of a novel OTX2-driven stem cell program in Group 3 and Group 4 medulloblastoma. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:495-513. [PMID: 29377567 PMCID: PMC5891039 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary pediatric brain cancer. Among the most aggressive subtypes, Group 3 and Group 4 originate from stem/progenitor cells, frequently metastasize, and often display the worst prognosis, yet we know the least about the molecular mechanisms driving their progression. Here, we show that the transcription factor orthodenticle homeobox 2 (OTX2) promotes self-renewal while inhibiting differentiation in vitro and increases tumor initiation from MB stem/progenitor cells in vivo. To determine how OTX2 contributes to these processes, we employed complementary bioinformatic approaches to characterize the OTX2 regulatory network and identified novel relationships between OTX2 and genes associated with neuronal differentiation and axon guidance signaling in Group 3 and Group 4 MB stem/progenitor cells. In particular, OTX2 levels were negatively correlated with semaphorin (SEMA) signaling, as expression of 9 SEMA pathway genes is upregulated following OTX2 knockdown with some being potential direct OTX2 targets. Importantly, this negative correlation was also observed in patient samples, with lower expression of SEMA4D associated with poor outcome specifically in Group 4 tumors. Functional proof-of-principle studies demonstrated that increased levels of select SEMA pathway genes are associated with decreased self-renewal and growth in vitro and in vivo and that RHO signaling, known to mediate the effects of SEMA genes, is contributing to the OTX2 KD phenotype. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the networks controlled by OTX2 in MB stem/progenitor cells and reveals novel roles for axon guidance genes and their downstream effectors as putative tumor suppressors in MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Stromecki
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ludivine Coudière Morrison
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jamie Zagozewski
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gareth Palidwor
- Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Center, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, University of Toronto and The Hospital for Sick Children, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health and Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patryk Skowron
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthias Wölfl
- University Children's Hospital, Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Milde
- Center for Individualized Pediatric Oncology (ZIPO) and Brain Tumors, Translational Program, Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the NCT (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,CCU Pediatric Oncology (G340), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc R Del Bigio
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre and Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tamra E Werbowetski-Ogilvie
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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31
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Sato Y, Matsuo A, Kudoh S, Fang L, Hasegawa K, Shinmyo Y, Ito T. Expression of Draxin in Lung Carcinomas. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2018; 51:53-62. [PMID: 29622850 PMCID: PMC5880803 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.17035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Guidance molecules, such as Netrin-1, and their receptors have important roles in controlling axon pathfinding, modulate biological activities of various cancer cells, and may be a useful target for cancer therapy. Dorsal repulsive axon guidance protein (Draxin) is a novel guidance molecule that binds not only common guidance molecule receptors with Netrin-1, but also directly binds the EGF domain of Netrin-1 through a 22-amino-acid peptide (22aa). By immunostaining, Draxin was positively expressed in small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma (ADC), and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that Draxin was expressed in all histological types of lung cancer cell lines examined. Knockdown of Draxin in an ADC cell line H358 resulted in altered expression of molecules associated with proliferation and apoptosis. The Ki-67 labeling index of Draxin-knockdown ADC cells was increased compared to that of control ADC cells. In H358 cells, treatment of 22aa induced phosphorylation of histone H3, but did not change apoptosis-associated enzymes. These data suggest that Draxin might be involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younosuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Akira Matsuo
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Liu Fang
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Biophysical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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32
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Villanueva AA, Falcón P, Espinoza N, R LS, Milla LA, Hernandez-SanMiguel E, Torres VA, Sanchez-Gomez P, Palma V. The Netrin-4/ Neogenin-1 axis promotes neuroblastoma cell survival and migration. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9767-9782. [PMID: 28038459 PMCID: PMC5354769 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neogenin-1 (NEO1) is a transmembrane receptor involved in axonal guidance, angiogenesis, neuronal cell migration and cell death, during both embryonic development and adult homeostasis. It has been described as a dependence receptor, because it promotes cell death in the absence of its ligands (Netrin and Repulsive Guidance Molecule (RGM) families) and cell survival when they are present. Although NEO1 and its ligands are involved in tumor progression, their precise role in tumor cell survival and migration remain unclear. Public databases contain extensive information regarding the expression of NEO1 and its ligands Netrin-1 (NTN1) and Netrin-4 (NTN4) in primary neuroblastoma (NB) tumors. Analysis of this data revealed that patients with high expression levels of both NEO1 and NTN4 have a poor survival rate. Accordingly, our analyses in NB cell lines with different genetic backgrounds revealed that knocking-down NEO1 reduces cell migration, whereas silencing of endogenous NTN4 induced cell death. Conversely, overexpression of NEO1 resulted in higher cell migration in the presence of NTN4, and increased apoptosis in the absence of ligand. Increased apoptosis was prevented when utilizing physiological concentrations of exogenous Netrin-4. Likewise, cell death induced after NTN4 knock-down was rescued when NEO1 was transiently silenced, thus revealing an important role for NEO1 in NB cell survival. In vivo analysis, using the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, showed that NEO1 and endogenous NTN4 are involved in tumor extravasation and metastasis. Our data collectively demonstrate that endogenous NTN4/NEO1 maintain NB growth via both pro-survival and pro-migratory molecular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Villanueva
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Falcón
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalie Espinoza
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Solano R
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Milla
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Current address: School of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences and Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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33
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Gordon RE, Zhang L, Peri S, Kuo YM, Du F, Egleston BL, Ng JMY, Andrews AJ, Astsaturov I, Curran T, Yang ZJ. Statins Synergize with Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors for Treatment of Medulloblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:1375-1388. [PMID: 29437795 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The role of cholesterol biosynthesis in hedgehog pathway activity and progression of hedgehog pathway medulloblastoma (Hh-MB) were examined in vivo Statins, commonly used cholesterol-lowering agents, were utilized to validate cholesterol biosynthesis as a therapeutic target for Hh-MB.Experimental Design: Bioinformatic analysis was performed to evaluate the association between cholesterol biosynthesis with hedgehog group medulloblastoma in human biospecimens. Alterations in hedgehog signaling were evaluated in medulloblastoma cells after inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis. The progression of endogenous medulloblastoma in mice was examined after genetic blockage of cholesterol biosynthesis in tumor cells. Statins alone, or in combination with vismodegib (an FDA-approved Smoothened antagonist), were utilized to inhibit medulloblastoma growth in vivoResults: Cholesterol biosynthesis was markedly enhanced in Hh-MB from both humans and mice. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis dramatically decreased Hh pathway activity and reduced proliferation of medulloblastoma cells. Statins effectively inhibited medulloblastoma growth in vivo and functioned synergistically in combination with vismodegib.Conclusions: Cholesterol biosynthesis is required for Smoothened activity in the hedgehog pathway, and it is indispensable for the growth of Hh-MB. Targeting cholesterol biosynthesis represents a promising strategy for treatment of Hh-MB. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1375-88. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata E Gordon
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suraj Peri
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fang Du
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian L Egleston
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica M Y Ng
- Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Igor Astsaturov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tom Curran
- Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Zeng-Jie Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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34
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Netrin-1 promotes metastasis of gastric cancer by regulating YAP activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:76-82. [PMID: 29305865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major downstream molecular of the Hippo pathway, which plays important role in cancer development. Netrin-1 conveys oncogenic activity in many types of malignant tumors. However, the downstream signaling of netrin-1 mediating its oncogenic effects in gastric cancer (GC) is not well defined. Here, we aim to investigate the role of netrin-1 in metastasis potential of GC by regulating YAP. In this study, we showed that netrin-1 inhibition significantly decreased migration and invasion abilities of GC cells, while netrin-1 overexpression effectively reversed this effect. We also demonstrated that netrin-1 upregulated YAP expression via its transmembrane receptor neogenin. Furthermore, our in vitro and in vivo results showed that the effect of netrin-1 on GC cells migration and invasion abilities was regulated by YAP. Collectively, our results defined netrin-1 as a positive regulator of malignant tumor metastasis in GC by activating the YAP signaling, with potential implications for new approaches to GC therapy.
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35
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Netrin-1 promotes glioma growth by activating NF-κB via UNC5A. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5454. [PMID: 28710382 PMCID: PMC5511130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas, a common type of brain tumor, are characterized by aggressive infiltration, making it difficultly to cure by surgery. Netrin-1, an extracellular guidance cue critical for neuronal axon path-finding, has been reported to play an important role in cell invasion and migration in several types of cancers. However, the role of netrin-1 in glioma remains largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence suggested that Netrin-1 has a critical role in glioma growth. We found that netrin-1 was significantly increased in glioma samples and positively correlated with cell proliferation, tumor grade and malignancy. Netrin-1 knockdown reduced cell proliferation and attenuated tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Further studies found that netrin-1 induced NF-κB p65ser536 phosphorylation and c-Myc expression in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, activation of NF-κB by netrin-1 was dependent on UNC5A receptor, because suppression of UNC5A significantly inhibited NF-κB p65ser536 phosphorylation, c-Myc up-regulation and reduced cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggested netrin-1 promotes glioma cell proliferation by activating NF-κB signaling via UNC5A, netrin-1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma.
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36
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Yin K, Wang L, Zhang X, He Z, Xia Y, Xu J, Wei S, Li B, Li Z, Sun G, Li Q, Xu H, Xu Z. Netrin-1 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion via the receptor neogenin through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51177-51189. [PMID: 28881639 PMCID: PMC5584240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 is a laminin-related protein found to promote proliferation and invasion in multiple types of cancers. Recent studies have identified the function role of netrin-1 in several cancers; however, the influence of netrin-1 in human gastric cancer(GC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found netrin-1 was upregulated in human GC tissues, where its expression correlated inversely with cancer stage and lymph node metastasis. We detected netrin-1 and its receptor knockdown significantly suppressed GC cells proliferation and invasion, while overexpression netrin-1 reversed these effects. Xenografted analyses using GC cells displayed significantly inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by netrin-1 depletion. Furthermore, we identified that netrin-1 as a regulator of PI3K/AKT pathway to modulate GC cells proliferation and invasion abilities via its receptor neogenin. Taken together, our findings argued that netrin-1 and its receptor neogenin might act synergistically in promoting GC cells proliferation and invasion through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. It is conceivable that netrin-1 could be new therapeutic target to GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wuhu No.2 People 's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Li Y, Xiao M, Guo F. The role of Sox6 and Netrin-1 in ovarian cancer cell growth, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705508. [PMID: 28475012 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX6 plays important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell fate determination. It has been confirmed that SOX6 is a tumor suppressor and downregulated in various cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and chronic myeloid leukemia. Netrin-1 is highly expressed in various human cancers and acts as an anti-apoptotic and proangiogenic factor to drive tumorigenesis. The role of SOX6 and netrin-1 in regulating the growth of ovarian tumor cells still remains unclear. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were used to determine the SOX6 messenger RNA and protein levels, respectively, in ovarian cancer cells and tumor tissues. Stable transfection of SOX6 was conducted to overexpress SOX6 in PA-1 and SW626 cells. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Invasion of ovarian cancer cells and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were confirmed by Transwell assays. To overexpress netrin-1, ovarian cancer cells with SOX6 restoration was transduced with netrin-1 lentiviral particles. PA-1 xenografts in a nude mice model were used to conduct in vivo evaluation of the role of SOX6 and its relationship with netrin-1 in tumor growth and angiogenesis. In this study, we found significantly reduced SOX6 levels in PA-1, SW626, SK-OV-3, and CaoV-3 ovarian cancer cell lines and human tumor tissues in comparison with normal human ovarian epithelial cells or matched non-tumor tissues. SOX6 overexpression by stable transfection dramatically inhibited proliferation and invasion of PA-1 and SW626 cells. Also, conditioned medium from PA-1 and SW626 cells with SOX6 restoration exhibited reduced ability to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells migration and tube formation compared with conditioned medium from the cells with transfection control. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between SOX6 and netrin-1 expression was observed in PA-1 and SW626 cells. Overexpression of netrin-1 in ovarian cancer cells with forced SOX6 expression remarkably abrogated the inhibitory effect of SOX6 on proliferation, invasion of the cells, and tumor xenograft growth and vascularity in vivo. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration and tube formation were enhanced in the conditioned medium from the ovarian cancer cells transduced with netrin-1 lentivirus particles. Our observations revealed that SOX6 is a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer cells, and SOX6 exerts an inhibitory effect on the proliferation, invasion, and tumor cell-induced angiogenesis of ovarian cancer cells, whereas nerin-1 plays an opposite role and its expression is inversely correlated with SOX6. Moreover, our findings suggest a new role of SOX6 and netrin-1 for understanding the progression of ovarian cancer and have the potential for the development of new diagnosis and treatment strategies for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng City, Linqing, P.R. China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Liaocheng City, Linqing, P.R. China
| | - Fangchun Guo
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The People’s Hospital of Linzi District, Zibo, P.R. China
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Prieto CP, Ortiz MC, Villanueva A, Villarroel C, Edwards SS, Elliott M, Lattus J, Aedo S, Meza D, Lois P, Palma V. Netrin-1 acts as a non-canonical angiogenic factor produced by human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC). Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:43. [PMID: 28241866 PMCID: PMC5330133 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis, the process in which new blood vessels are formed from preexisting ones, is highly dependent on the presence of classical angiogenic factors. Recent evidence suggests that axonal guidance proteins and their receptors can also act as angiogenic regulators. Netrin, a family of laminin-like proteins, specifically Netrin-1 and 4, act via DCC/Neogenin-1 and UNC5 class of receptors to promote or inhibit angiogenesis, depending on the physiological context. METHODS Mesenchymal stem cells secrete a broad set of classical angiogenic factors. However, little is known about the expression of non-canonical angiogenic factors such as Netrin-1. The aim was to characterize the possible secretion of Netrin ligands by Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSC). We evaluated if Netrin-1 presence in the conditioned media from these cells was capable of inducing angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), respectively. In addition, we investigated if the RhoA/ROCK pathway is responsible for the integration of Netrin signaling to control vessel formation. RESULTS The paracrine angiogenic effect of the WJ-MSC-conditioned media is mediated at least in part by Netrin-1 given that pharmacological blockage of Netrin-1 in WJ-MSC resulted in diminished angiogenesis on HUVEC. When HUVEC were stimulated with exogenous Netrin-1 assayed at physiological concentrations (10-200 ng/mL), endothelial vascular migration occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. In line with our determination of Netrin-1 present in WJ-MSC-conditioned media we were able to obtain endothelial tubule formation even in the pg/mL range. Through CAM assays we validated that WJ-MSC-secreted Netrin-1 promotes an increased angiogenesis in vivo. Netrin-1, secreted by WJ-MSC, might mediate its angiogenic effect through specific cell surface receptors on the endothelium, such as UNC5b and/or integrin α6β1, expressed in HUVEC. However, the angiogenic response of Netrin-1 seems not to be mediated through the RhoA/ROCK pathway. CONCLUSIONS Thus, here we show that stromal production of Netrin-1 is a critical component of the vascular regulatory machinery. This signaling event may have deep implications in the modulation of several processes related to a number of diseases where angiogenesis plays a key role in vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina P. Prieto
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - María Carolina Ortiz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrea Villanueva
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Cynthia Villarroel
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sandra S. Edwards
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Matías Elliott
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - José Lattus
- Campus Oriente, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sócrates Aedo
- Campus Oriente, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Daniel Meza
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Pablo Lois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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39
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Vriend J, Marzban H. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and chromosome 17 in cerebellar granule cells and medulloblastoma subgroups. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:449-467. [PMID: 27592301 PMCID: PMC11107675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 17 abnormalities are often observed in medulloblastomas (MBs), particularly those classified in the consensus Groups 3 and 4. Herein we review MB signature genes associated with chromosome 17 and the relationship of these signature genes to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. While clinical investigators have not focused on the ubiquitin-proteasome system in relation to MB, a substantial amount of data on the topic has been hidden in the form of supplemental datasets of gene expression. A supplemental dataset associated with the Thompson classification of MBs shows that a subgroup of MB with 17p deletions is characterized by reduced expression of genes for several core particle subunits of the beta ring of the proteasome (β1, β4, β5, β7). One of these genes (PSMB6, the gene for the β1 subunit) is located on chromosome 17, near the telomeric end of 17p. By comparison, in the WNT group of MBs only one core proteasome subunit, β6, associated with loss of a gene (PSMB1) on chromosome 6, was down-regulated in this dataset. The MB subgroups with the worst prognosis have a significant association with chromosome 17 abnormalities and irregularities of APC/C cyclosome genes. We conclude that the expression of proteasome subunit genes and genes for ubiquitin ligases can contribute to prognostic classification of MBs. The therapeutic value of targeting proteasome subunits and ubiquitin ligases in the various subgroups of MB remains to be determined separately for each classification of MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm134, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada.
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Rm134, BMSB, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Ylivinkka I, Keski-Oja J, Hyytiäinen M. Netrin-1: A regulator of cancer cell motility? Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:513-520. [PMID: 27793362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrins form a family of secreted and membrane-associated proteins, netrin-1 being the prototype and most investigated member of the family. The major physiological functions of netrin-1 lie in the regulation of axonal development as well as morphogenesis of different branched organs, by promoting the polarity of migratory/invasive front of the cell. On the other hand, netrin-1 acts as a factor preventing cell apoptosis. These events are mediated via a range of different receptors, including UNC5 and DCC-families. Cancer cells often employ developmental pathways to gain survival and motility advantage. Within recent years, there has been increasing number of observations of upregulation of netrin-1 expression in different forms of cancer, and the increased expression of netrin-1 has been linked to its functions as a survival and invasion promoting factor. We review here recent advances in the netrin-1 related developmental processes that may be of special interest in tumor biology, in addition to the known functions of netrin-1 in tumor biology with special focus on cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ylivinkka
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Jorma Keski-Oja
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Marko Hyytiäinen
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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41
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Pricola Fehnel K, Duggins-Warf M, Zurakowski D, McKee-Proctor M, Majumder R, Raber M, Han X, Smith ER. Using urinary bFGF and TIMP3 levels to predict the presence of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma and establish a distinct biomarker signature. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 18:396-407. [PMID: 27314542 DOI: 10.3171/2015.12.peds15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors report the use of urinary biomarkers as a novel, noninvasive technique to detect juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas (JPAs), capable of distinguishing JPAs from other CNS diseases, including other brain tumors. Preliminary screening of an array of tumors implicated proteases (including matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs]) and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase [TIMPs]) as well as growth factors (including basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF]) as candidate biomarkers. These data led the authors to hypothesize that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) and bFGF would represent high-probability candidates as JPA-specific biomarkers. METHODS Urine was collected from 107 patients, which included children with JPA (n = 21), medulloblastoma (n = 17), glioblastoma (n = 9), arteriovenous malformations (n = 25), moyamoya (n = 14), and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 21). Biomarker levels were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, tumor tissue expression was confirmed with immunohistochemical analysis, and longitudinal biomarker expression was correlated with imaging. Results were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS Using optimal urinary cutoff values of bFGF > 1.0 pg/μg and TIMP3 > 3.5 pg/μg, multiplexing bFGF and TIMP3 predicts JPA presence with 98% accuracy. Multiplexing bFGF and MMP13 distinguishes JPA from other brain tumor subtypes with up to 98% accuracy. Urinary biomarker expression correlated with both tumor immunohistochemistry and in vitro tumor levels. Urinary bFGF and TIMP3 decrease following successful tumor treatment and correlate with changes in tumor size. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies 2 urinary biomarkers-bFGF and TIMP3-that successfully detect one of the most common pediatric brain tumors with high accuracy. These data highlight potential benefits of urinary biomarkers and support their utility as diagnostic tools in the treatment of children with JPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Pricola Fehnel
- Vascular Biology Program, and.,Departments of 2 Neurosurgery and.,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Raber
- Vascular Biology Program, and.,Departments of 2 Neurosurgery and
| | - Xuezhe Han
- Vascular Biology Program, and.,Departments of 2 Neurosurgery and
| | - Edward R Smith
- Vascular Biology Program, and.,Departments of 2 Neurosurgery and
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42
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Ojemann J. Editorial: Noninvasive biomarkers: are we there yet? J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 18:393-395. [PMID: 27314541 DOI: 10.3171/2016.2.peds15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Ojemann
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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43
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Targeting Netrin-1 in glioblastoma stem-like cells inhibits growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14949-14960. [PMID: 27651158 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor that still lacks effective therapy. Glioblastoma stem cells (GBM-SCs) were identified to contribute to aggressive phenotypes and poor clinical outcomes for GBM. Netrin-1, an axon guidance molecule, has been found in several tumors in adults. However, the role of Netrin-1 in GBM-SCs remains largely unknown. In this study, CD133-positive U251 GBM cells were used as a putative GBM-SC population to identify the functions of Netrin-1. Using lentiviral transduction, Netrin-1 miR RNAi vectors were transduced into CD133-positive U251 cells. We demonstrated that cell proliferation and survival were decreased following targeted deletion of Netrin-1. Cell invasion was dramatically diminished in Netrin-1 knockdown GBM-SCs. Moreover, Netrin-1 knockdown GBM-SCs exhibited less proangiogenic activity. In conclusion, Netrin-1 may represent a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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44
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FLIM FRET Visualization of Cdc42 Activation by Netrin-1 in Embryonic Spinal Commissural Neuron Growth Cones. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159405. [PMID: 27482713 PMCID: PMC4970703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1 is an essential extracellular chemoattractant that signals through its receptor DCC to guide commissural axon extension in the embryonic spinal cord. DCC directs the organization of F-actin in growth cones by activating an intracellular protein complex that includes the Rho GTPase Cdc42, a critical regulator of cell polarity and directional migration. To address the spatial distribution of signaling events downstream of netrin-1, we expressed the FRET biosensor Raichu-Cdc42 in cultured embryonic rat spinal commissural neurons. Using FLIM-FRET imaging we detected rapid activation of Cdc42 in neuronal growth cones following application of netrin-1. Investigating the signaling mechanisms that control Cdc42 activation by netrin-1, we demonstrate that netrin-1 rapidly enriches DCC at the leading edge of commissural neuron growth cones and that netrin-1 induced activation of Cdc42 in the growth cone is blocked by inhibiting src family kinase signaling. These findings reveal the activation of Cdc42 in embryonic spinal commissural axon growth cones and support the conclusion that src family kinase activation downstream of DCC is required for Cdc42 activation by netrin-1.
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45
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Boneschansker L, Nakayama H, Eisenga M, Wedel J, Klagsbrun M, Irimia D, Briscoe DM. Netrin-1 Augments Chemokinesis in CD4+ T Cells In Vitro and Elicits a Proinflammatory Response In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1389-98. [PMID: 27430720 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Netrin-1 is a neuronal guidance cue that regulates cellular activation, migration, and cytoskeleton rearrangement in multiple cell types. It is a chemotropic protein that is expressed within tissues and elicits both attractive and repulsive migratory responses. Netrin-1 has recently been found to modulate the immune response via the inhibition of neutrophil and macrophage migration. However, the ability of Netrin-1 to interact with lymphocytes and its in-depth effects on leukocyte migration are poorly understood. In this study, we profiled the mRNA and protein expression of known Netrin-1 receptors on human CD4(+) T cells. Neogenin, uncoordinated-5 (UNC5)A, and UNC5B were expressed at low levels in unstimulated cells, but they increased following mitogen-dependent activation. By immunofluorescence, we observed a cytoplasmic staining pattern of neogenin and UNC5A/B that also increased following activation. Using a novel microfluidic assay, we found that Netrin-1 stimulated bidirectional migration and enhanced the size of migratory subpopulations of mitogen-activated CD4(+) T cells, but it had no demonstrable effects on the migration of purified CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(dim) T regulatory cells. Furthermore, using a short hairpin RNA knockdown approach, we observed that the promigratory effects of Netrin-1 on T effectors is dependent on its interactions with neogenin. In the humanized SCID mouse, local injection of Netrin-1 into skin enhanced inflammation and the number of neogenin-expressing CD3(+) T cell infiltrates. Neogenin was also observed on CD3(+) T cell infiltrates within human cardiac allograft biopsies with evidence of rejection. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that Netrin-1/neogenin interactions augment CD4(+) T cell chemokinesis and promote cellular infiltration in association with acute inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Boneschansker
- Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Hironao Nakayama
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michele Eisenga
- Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Johannes Wedel
- Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Michael Klagsbrun
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - David M Briscoe
- Transplant Research Program, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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Kaneko K, Ohkawa Y, Hashimoto N, Ohmi Y, Kotani N, Honke K, Ogawa M, Okajima T, Furukawa K, Furukawa K. Neogenin, Defined as a GD3-associated Molecule by Enzyme-mediated Activation of Radical Sources, Confers Malignant Properties via Intracytoplasmic Domain in Melanoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16630-43. [PMID: 27288875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate mechanisms for increased malignant properties in malignant melanomas by ganglioside GD3, enzyme-mediated activation of radical sources and subsequent mass spectrometry were performed using an anti-GD3 antibody and GD3-positive (GD3+) and GD3-negative (GD3-) melanoma cell lines. Neogenin, defined as a GD3-neighbored molecule, was largely localized in lipid/rafts in GD3+ cells. Silencing of neogenin resulted in the reduction of cell growth and invasion activity. Physical association between GD3 and neogenin was demonstrated by immunoblotting of the immunoprecipitates with anti-neogenin antibody from GD3+ cell lysates. The intracytoplasmic domain of neogenin (Ne-ICD) was detected in GD3+ cells at higher levels than in GD3- cells when cells were treated by a proteasome inhibitor but not when simultaneously treated with a γ-secretase inhibitor. Exogenous GD3 also induced increased Ne-ICD in GD3- cells. Overexpression of Ne-ICD in GD3- cells resulted in the increased cell growth and invasion activity, suggesting that Ne-ICD plays a role as a transcriptional factor to drive malignant properties of melanomas after cleavage with γ-secretase. γ-Secretase was found in lipid/rafts in GD3+ cells. Accordingly, immunocyto-staining revealed that GD3, neogenin, and γ-secretase were co-localized at the leading edge of GD3+ cells. All these results suggested that GD3 recruits γ-secretase to lipid/rafts, allowing efficient cleavage of neogenin. ChIP-sequencing was performed to identify candidates of target genes of Ne-ICD. Some of them actually showed increased expression after expression of Ne-ICD, probably exerting malignant phenotypes of melanomas under GD3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kaneko
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Life Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasuigai, Aichi 487-8501
| | - Noboru Hashimoto
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Yuhsuke Ohmi
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Norihiro Kotani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, and
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ogawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Tetsuya Okajima
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Life Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasuigai, Aichi 487-8501
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- From the Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-0065, Department of Life Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasuigai, Aichi 487-8501,
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Guo P, Yang J, Jia D, Moses MA, Auguste DT. ICAM-1-Targeted, Lcn2 siRNA-Encapsulating Liposomes are Potent Anti-angiogenic Agents for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Theranostics 2016; 6:1-13. [PMID: 26722369 PMCID: PMC4679350 DOI: 10.7150/thno.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a promising therapeutic target as well as a potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer. It has been previously shown to promote breast cancer progression by inducing the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells as well as by enhancing angiogenesis. Lcn2 levels in urine and tissue samples of breast cancer patients has also been correlated with breast cancer status and poor patient prognosis. In this study, we have engineered a novel liposomal small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system to target triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) via a recently identified molecular target, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). This ICAM-1-targeted, Lcn2 siRNA- encapsulating liposome (ICAM-Lcn2-LP) binds human TNBC MDA-MB-231cells significantly stronger than non-neoplastic MCF-10A cells. Efficient Lcn2 knockdown by ICAM-Lcn2-LPs led to a significant reduction in the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from MDA-MB-231 cells, which, in turn, led to reduced angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Angiogenesis (neovascularization) is a requirement for solid tumor growth and progression, and its inhibition is an important therapeutic strategy for human cancers. Our results indicate that a tumor-specific strategy such as the TNBC-targeted, anti-angiogenic therapeutic approach developed here, may be clinically useful in inhibiting TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States
- 2. Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- 3. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jiang Yang
- 2. Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- 3. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Di Jia
- 2. Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- 3. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Marsha A. Moses
- 2. Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- 3. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Debra T. Auguste
- 1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States
- 2. Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- 3. Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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48
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Gibert B, Mehlen P. Dependence Receptors and Cancer: Addiction to Trophic Ligands. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5171-5. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Levy-Strumpf N, Krizus M, Zheng H, Brown L, Culotti JG. The Wnt Frizzled Receptor MOM-5 Regulates the UNC-5 Netrin Receptor through Small GTPase-Dependent Signaling to Determine the Polarity of Migrating Cells. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005446. [PMID: 26292279 PMCID: PMC4546399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt and Netrin signaling regulate diverse essential functions. Using a genetic approach combined with temporal gene expression analysis, we found a regulatory link between the Wnt receptor MOM-5/Frizzled and the UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-5. These two receptors play key roles in guiding cell and axon migrations, including the migration of the C. elegans Distal Tip Cells (DTCs). DTCs migrate post-embryonically in three sequential phases: in the first phase along the Antero-Posterior (A/P) axis, in the second, along the Dorso-Ventral (D/V) axis, and in the third, along the A/P axis. Loss of MOM-5/Frizzled function causes third phase A/P polarity reversals of the migrating DTCs. We show that an over-expression of UNC-5 causes similar DTC A/P polarity reversals and that unc-5 deficits markedly suppress the A/P polarity reversals caused by mutations in mom-5/frizzled. This implicates MOM-5/Frizzled as a negative regulator of unc-5. We provide further evidence that small GTPases mediate MOM-5's regulation of unc-5 such that one outcome of impaired function of small GTPases like CED-10/Rac and MIG-2/RhoG is an increase in unc-5 function. The work presented here demonstrates the existence of cross talk between components of the Netrin and Wnt signaling pathways and provides further insights into the way guidance signaling mechanisms are integrated to orchestrate directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Levy-Strumpf
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Meghan Krizus
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Zheng
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louise Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph G. Culotti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Jamison S, Lin Y, Lin W. Pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase activation promotes medulloblastoma cell migration and invasion through induction of vascular endothelial growth factor A. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120252. [PMID: 25794107 PMCID: PMC4368580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that activation of the pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress adapts tumor cells to the tumor microenvironment and enhances tumor angiogenesis by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). Recent studies suggest that VEGF-A can act directly on certain tumor cell types in an autocrine manner, via binding to VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), to promote tumor cell migration and invasion. Although several reports show that PERK activation increases VEGF-A expression in medulloblastoma, the most common solid malignancy of childhood, the role that either PERK or VEGF-A plays in medulloblastoma remains elusive. In this study, we mimicked the moderate enhancement of PERK activity observed in tumor patients using a genetic approach and a pharmacologic approach, and found that moderate activation of PERK signaling facilitated medulloblastoma cell migration and invasion and increased the production of VEGF-A. Moreover, using the VEGFR2 inhibitor SU5416 and the VEGF-A neutralizing antibody to block VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling, our results suggested that tumor cell-derived VEGF-A promoted medulloblastoma cell migration and invasion through VEGFR2 signaling, and that both VEGF-A and VEGFR2 were required for the promoting effects of PERK activation on medulloblastoma cell migration and invasion. Thus, these findings suggest that moderate PERK activation promotes medulloblastoma cell migration and invasion through enhancement of VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Jamison
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
| | - Wensheng Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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