1
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Zeng AGX, Bansal S, Jin L, Mitchell A, Chen WC, Abbas HA, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Voisin V, van Galen P, Tierens A, Cheok M, Preudhomme C, Dombret H, Daver N, Futreal PA, Minden MD, Kennedy JA, Wang JCY, Dick JE. A cellular hierarchy framework for understanding heterogeneity and predicting drug response in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Med 2022; 28:1212-1223. [PMID: 35618837 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The treatment landscape of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is evolving, with promising therapies entering clinical translation, yet patient responses remain heterogeneous, and biomarkers for tailoring treatment are lacking. To understand how disease heterogeneity links with therapy response, we determined the leukemia cell hierarchy makeup from bulk transcriptomes of more than 1,000 patients through deconvolution using single-cell reference profiles of leukemia stem, progenitor and mature cell types. Leukemia hierarchy composition was associated with functional, genomic and clinical properties and converged into four overall classes, spanning Primitive, Mature, GMP and Intermediate. Critically, variation in hierarchy composition along the Primitive versus GMP or Primitive versus Mature axes were associated with response to chemotherapy or drug sensitivity profiles of targeted therapies, respectively. A seven-gene biomarker derived from the Primitive versus Mature axis was associated with response to 105 investigational drugs. Cellular hierarchy composition constitutes a novel framework for understanding disease biology and advancing precision medicine in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy G X Zeng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suraj Bansal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liqing Jin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Weihsu Claire Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Biologics Discovery, Amgen British Columbia, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Peter van Galen
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Tierens
- Laboratory Medicine Program, Hematopathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meyling Cheok
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Claude Preudhomme
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Department of Hematology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James A Kennedy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Moser B, Edtmayer S, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Stoiber D. The Ups and Downs of STAT Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1051. [PMID: 34440253 PMCID: PMC8392322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a highly heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy. The management of AML is complex and despite impressive efforts into better understanding its underlying molecular mechanisms, survival rates in the elderly have not shown a substantial improvement over the past decades. This is particularly due to the heterogeneity of AML and the need for personalized approaches. Due to the crucial role of the deregulated JAK-STAT signaling in AML, selective targeting of the JAK-STAT pathway, particularly constitutively activated STAT3 and STAT5 and their associated upstream JAKs, is of great interest. This strategy has shown promising results in vitro and in vivo with several compounds having reached clinical trials. Here, we summarize recent FDA approvals and current potential clinically relevant inhibitors for AML patients targeting JAK and STAT proteins. This review underlines the need for detailed cytogenetic analysis and additional assessment of JAK-STAT pathway activation. It highlights the ongoing development of new JAK-STAT inhibitors with better disease specificity, which opens up new avenues for improved disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Division Pharmacology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria; (B.M.); (S.E.); (A.W.-S.)
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3
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Xie J, Zhou X, Wang R, Zhao J, Tang J, Zhang Q, Du Y, Pang Y. Identification of potential diagnostic biomarkers in MMPs for pancreatic carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26135. [PMID: 34114996 PMCID: PMC8202616 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor which ranks fourth in cancer-related death. However, the specificity and sensitivity of traditional biomarkers such as carbohydrate antigen 19-9 no longer meet the clinical requirements.Tools as ONCOMINE and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) were used to analyze the differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in PC and adjacent tissues. For further analysis, we adopted database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID 6.8), transcriptional regulatory relationships unraveled by sentence-based text (TRRUST) and other tools. We also identified drugs targeted the selected MMPs.Eight MMPs (MMP1, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, MMP11, MMP12, MMP14, and MMP28) were differentially expressed in PC and adjacent tissue. MMP1 (P = .0189), MMP7 (P = .000216), MMP11 (P = .0209), MMP14 (P = .00611) were correlated with the pathological stages of PC. Patients with higher expression of MMP1 (P = .0011), MMP2 (P = .011), MMP7 (P = .0081), MMP9 (P = .046), MMP11 (P = .0019), MMP12 (P = .0011), MMP14 (P = .0011), and MMP28 (P = 6.3e-06) showed poor prognosis. Ten transcription factors were associated with the up-regulation of selected MMPs. Marimastat (DB00786) was found to target selected MMPs.Our research revealed that selected MMPs played an important role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University
| | - Xianzhu Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University
| | - Jiulong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University
| | - Qichen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University
| | - Yiqi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University
- Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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4
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Surka C, Jin L, Mbong N, Lu CC, Jang IS, Rychak E, Mendy D, Clayton T, Tindall E, Hsu C, Fontanillo C, Tran E, Contreras A, Ng SWK, Matyskiela M, Wang K, Chamberlain P, Cathers B, Carmichael J, Hansen J, Wang JCY, Minden MD, Fan J, Pierce DW, Pourdehnad M, Rolfe M, Lopez-Girona A, Dick JE, Lu G. CC-90009, a novel cereblon E3 ligase modulator, targets acute myeloid leukemia blasts and leukemia stem cells. Blood 2021; 137:661-677. [PMID: 33197925 PMCID: PMC8215192 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of clinically validated drugs have been developed by repurposing the CUL4-DDB1-CRBN-RBX1 (CRL4CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with molecular glue degraders to eliminate disease-driving proteins. Here, we present the identification of a first-in-class GSPT1-selective cereblon E3 ligase modulator, CC-90009. Biochemical, structural, and molecular characterization demonstrates that CC-90009 coopts the CRL4CRBN to selectively target GSPT1 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Depletion of GSPT1 by CC-90009 rapidly induces acute myeloid leukemia (AML) apoptosis, reducing leukemia engraftment and leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in large-scale primary patient xenografting of 35 independent AML samples, including those with adverse risk features. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen for effectors of CC-90009 response, we uncovered the ILF2 and ILF3 heterodimeric complex as a novel regulator of cereblon expression. Knockout of ILF2/ILF3 decreases the production of full-length cereblon protein via modulating CRBN messenger RNA alternative splicing, leading to diminished response to CC-90009. The screen also revealed that the mTOR signaling and the integrated stress response specifically regulate the response to CC-90009 in contrast to other cereblon modulators. Hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway by inactivation of TSC1 and TSC2 protected against the growth inhibitory effect of CC-90009 by reducing CC-90009-induced binding of GSPT1 to cereblon and subsequent GSPT1 degradation. On the other hand, GSPT1 degradation promoted the activation of the GCN1/GCN2/ATF4 pathway and subsequent apoptosis in AML cells. Collectively, CC-90009 activity is mediated by multiple layers of signaling networks and pathways within AML blasts and LSCs, whose elucidation gives insight into further assessment of CC-90009s clinical utility. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02848001 and #NCT04336982).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liqing Jin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Mbong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stanley W K Ng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kai Wang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jinhong Fan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Francisco, CA; and
| | | | | | | | | | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gang Lu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, CA
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5
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Galkin O, McLeod J, Kennedy JA, Jin L, Mbong N, Wong M, Uger RA, Minden MD, Danska JS, Wang JCY. SIRPαFc treatment targets human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Haematologica 2021; 106:279-283. [PMID: 32054659 PMCID: PMC7776262 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.245167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Galkin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Jessica McLeod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - James A Kennedy
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Liqing Jin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Nathan Mbong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Mark Wong
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON
| | | | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
| | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto
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6
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Babu G, Chaudhuri P, Rajappa M, Biswas M, Sansar B, Rajegowda C, Radhakrishnan A, Advani J, Tewary B, Radhakrishnan P, Thiyagarajan S, Chatterjee A, Upadhayaya RS, Majumder PK. JAK-STAT inhibitor as a potential therapeutic opportunity in AML patients resistant to cytarabine and epigenetic therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 22:66-78. [PMID: 33356802 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1831371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of AML is generally poor, with 5-year survival rate of 25%. There has been substantial progress in identification of new therapeutic targets, along with approval of at least three targeted therapies for AML in recent years. Nevertheless, treatment has largely remained unchanged over couple of decades, with ~40% patients not achieving remission. AML is a highly heterogenous disease and there is a need for a preclinical platform to understand the heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment that can guide therapy selection. In this study, we employed an ex vivo tumor explant model to study tumor microenvironment and to select a treatment course for AML patients. Our data reveal dysregulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) in a subset of AML patients. Based on this observation, epigenetic modulators azacitidine and panobinostat alone and in combination, were evaluated as treatment regimens in cytarabine refractory tumors. More than 50% of the treated samples showed response to the combination therapy. In order to explore alternate treatment modalities for tumors refractory to these epigenetic modulators, TCGA data analysis was done which revealed increased expression and hypomethylation of IFNGR1/2, suggesting activation of JAK/STAT pathway in AML. This was further interrogated ex vivo, with p-STAT3 expression in patients' samples. Fedratinib, a JAK/STAT inhibitor was evaluated and 78% tumor efficacy response was achieved. Taken together, our data indicate that ex vivo platform derived from patient samples is capable in guiding optimal therapy selection for various classes of drugs including identification of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology , Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Manoj Rajappa
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech , Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manjusha Biswas
- Molecular Pathology, Mitra Biotech , Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bipinesh Sansar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology , Bengaluru, India
| | - Chethan Rajegowda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology , Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park , Bangalore, India
| | - Biplab Tewary
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech , Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech , Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Pradip K Majumder
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Mitra Biotech , Woburn, Massachusetts, USA.,Ohm Oncology, Austin, TX, USA
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7
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Yu L, Zhou D, Gao L, Zha Y. Prediction of drug response in multilayer networks based on fusion of multiomics data. Methods 2020; 192:85-92. [PMID: 32798653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the response of each individual patient to a drug is a key issue assailing personalized medicine. Our study predicted drug response based on the fusion of multiomics data with low-dimensional feature vector representation on a multilayer network model. We named this new method DREMO (Drug Response prEdiction based on MultiOmics data fusion). DREMO fuses similarities between cell lines and similarities between drugs, thereby improving the ability to predict the response of cancer cell lines to therapeutic agents. First, a multilayer similarity network related to cell lines and drugs was constructed based on gene expression profiles, somatic mutation, copy number variation (CNV), drug chemical structures, and drug targets. Next, low-dimensional feature vector representation was used to fuse the biological information in the multilayer network. Then, a machine learning model was applied to predict new drug-cell line associations. Finally, our results were validated using the well-established GDSC/CCLE databases, literature, and the functional pathway database. Furthermore, a comparison was made between DREMO and other methods. Results of the comparison showed that DREMO improves predictive capabilities significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunhong Zha
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Three Gorges University College of Medicine, The First Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China.
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8
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Dobson SM, García-Prat L, Vanner RJ, Wintersinger J, Waanders E, Gu Z, McLeod J, Gan OI, Grandal I, Payne-Turner D, Edmonson MN, Ma X, Fan Y, Voisin V, Chan-Seng-Yue M, Xie SZ, Hosseini M, Abelson S, Gupta P, Rusch M, Shao Y, Olsen SR, Neale G, Chan SM, Bader G, Easton J, Guidos CJ, Danska JS, Zhang J, Minden MD, Morris Q, Mullighan CG, Dick JE. Relapse-Fated Latent Diagnosis Subclones in Acute B Lineage Leukemia Are Drug Tolerant and Possess Distinct Metabolic Programs. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:568-587. [PMID: 32086311 PMCID: PMC7122013 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Disease recurrence causes significant mortality in B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Genomic analysis of matched diagnosis and relapse samples shows relapse often arising from minor diagnosis subclones. However, why therapy eradicates some subclones while others survive and progress to relapse remains obscure. Elucidation of mechanisms underlying these differing fates requires functional analysis of isolated subclones. Here, large-scale limiting dilution xenografting of diagnosis and relapse samples, combined with targeted sequencing, identified and isolated minor diagnosis subclones that initiate an evolutionary trajectory toward relapse [termed diagnosis Relapse Initiating clones (dRI)]. Compared with other diagnosis subclones, dRIs were drug-tolerant with distinct engraftment and metabolic properties. Transcriptionally, dRIs displayed enrichment for chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial metabolism, proteostasis programs, and an increase in stemness pathways. The isolation and characterization of dRI subclones reveals new avenues for eradicating dRI cells by targeting their distinct metabolic and transcriptional pathways before further evolution renders them fully therapy-resistant. SIGNIFICANCE: Isolation and characterization of subclones from diagnosis samples of patients with B-ALL who relapsed showed that relapse-fated subclones had increased drug tolerance and distinct metabolic and survival transcriptional programs compared with other diagnosis subclones. This study provides strategies to identify and target clinically relevant subclones before further evolution toward relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Dobson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura García-Prat
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert J Vanner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Esmé Waanders
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zhaohui Gu
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jessica McLeod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga I Gan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ildiko Grandal
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Debbie Payne-Turner
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael N Edmonson
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaotu Ma
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Veronique Voisin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Chan-Seng-Yue
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- PanCuRx Translational Research Initiative, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Z Xie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sagi Abelson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michael Rusch
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ying Shao
- Pediatric Cancer Genome Project Laboratory, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott R Olsen
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Steven M Chan
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Easton
- Pediatric Cancer Genome Project Laboratory, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Cynthia J Guidos
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mark D Minden
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quaid Morris
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - John E Dick
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Phospho-Profiling Linking Biology and Clinics in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Hemasphere 2019; 4:e312. [PMID: 32072137 PMCID: PMC7000467 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Aberrant activation of key signaling-molecules is a hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and may have prognostic and therapeutic implications. AML summarizes several disease entities with a variety of genetic subtypes. A comprehensive model spanning from signal activation patterns in major genetic subtypes of pediatric AML (pedAML) to outcome prediction and pre-clinical response to signaling inhibitors has not yet been provided. We established a high-throughput flow-cytometry based method to assess activation of hallmark phospho-proteins (phospho-flow) in 166 bone-marrow derived pedAML samples under basal and cytokine stimulated conditions. We correlated levels of activated phospho-proteins at diagnosis with relapse incidence in intermediate (IR) and high risk (HR) subtypes. In parallel, we screened a set of signaling inhibitors for their efficacy against primary AML blasts in a flow-cytometry based ex vivo cytotoxicity assay and validated the results in a murine xenograft model. Certain phospho-signal patterns differ between genetic subtypes of pedAML. Some are consistently seen through all AML subtypes such as pSTAT5. In IR/HR subtypes high levels of GM-CSF stimulated pSTAT5 and low levels of unstimulated pJNK correlated with increased relapse risk overall. Combination of GM-CSF/pSTAT5high and basal/pJNKlow separated three risk groups among IR/HR subtypes. Out of 10 tested signaling inhibitors, midostaurin most effectively affected AML blasts and simultaneously blocked phosphorylation of multiple proteins, including STAT5. In a mouse xenograft model of KMT2A-rearranged pedAML, midostaurin significantly prolonged disease latency. Our study demonstrates the applicability of phospho-flow for relapse-risk assessment in pedAML, whereas functional phenotype-driven ex vivo testing of signaling inhibitors may allow individualized therapy.
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10
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JAKs to STATs: A tantalizing therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2019; 40:100634. [PMID: 31677846 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Janus Associated Kinase-Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in hematopoietic growth factor signaling. Hyperactive JAK-STAT signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The significant headway in understanding the biology of AML has led to an explosion of novel therapeutics with mechanistic rationale for the treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML. Most importantly, selective targeting of the JAK-STAT pathway has proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy in myeloproliferative neoplasms and is also being evaluated in related myeloid malignancies, including AML. This comprehensive review will focus on the apparent and evolving potential of JAK-STAT pathway inhibition in AML with emphasis on JAK inhibitors, highlighting both success and failure with this experimental approach in the clinic, and identifying rationally based combinatorial approaches.
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11
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A new panel of pancreatic cancer biomarkers discovered using a mass spectrometry-based pipeline. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:1846-1854. [PMID: 29123261 PMCID: PMC5729477 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic carcinoma (PC) is an aggressive malignancy that lacks strategies for early detection. This study aimed to develop a coherent, high-throughput and non-discriminatory pipeline for the novel clinical biomarker discovery of PC. Methods: We combined mass spectrometry (MS)-intensive methods such as isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation with two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS), 1D-targeted LC-MS/MS, prime MRM (P-MRM) and stable isotope dilution-based MRM (SID-MRM) to analyse serum samples from healthy people (normal control, NC), patients with benign diseases (BD) and PC patients to identify novel biomarkers of PC. Results: On the basis of the newly developed pipeline, we identified >1000 proteins, verified 142 differentially expressed proteins and finally targeted four proteins for absolute quantitation in 100 serum samples. The novel biomarker panel of apolipoprotein E (APOE), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 (ITIH3), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), combining with CA19-9, statistically-significantly improved the sensitivity (95%) and specificity (94.1%), outperforming CA19-9 alone, for the diagnosis of PC. Conclusions: We developed a highly efficient pipeline for biomarker discovery, verification and validation, with each step systematically informing the next. A panel of proteins that might be clinically relevant biomarkers for PC was found.
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Wang NN, Ye QD. [Advances in targeted therapy for childhood acute myeloid leukemia]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:832-836. [PMID: 28697841 PMCID: PMC7389918 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for about 15%-20% of childhood acute leukemia. Although overall survival rate is increasing with the help of risk stratification, stratification of chemotherapy, and supportive treatment, conventional pharmacotherapy still has a limited clinical effect and certain limitations in improving remission rate in previously untreated patients and reducing recurrence after remission. With the development of precision medicine, the mechanisms of targeted therapy, including abnormal activation of AML-related signaling pathways and epigenetic modification, have been found in recent years. Molecular-targeted drugs can therefore act on specific receptors and target genes to improve clinical effect and the prognosis of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China.
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13
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Knorr KL, Finn LE, Smith BD, Hess AD, Foran JM, Karp JE, Kaufmann SH. Assessment of Drug Sensitivity in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome Ex Vivo. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:840-850. [PMID: 28297583 PMCID: PMC5442784 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Current understanding suggests that malignant stem and progenitor cells must be reduced or eliminated for prolonged remissions in myeloid neoplasms such as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Multicolor flow cytometry has been widely used to distinguish stem and myeloid progenitor cells from other populations in normal and malignant bone marrow. In this study, we present a method for assessing drug sensitivity in MDS and AML patient hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cell populations ex vivo using the investigational Nedd8‐activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 and standard‐of‐care agent cytarabine as examples. Utilizing a multicolor flow cytometry antibody panel for identification of hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent progenitors, common myeloid progenitors, granulocyte‐monocyte progenitors, and megakaryocyte‐erythroid progenitors present in mononuclear cell fractions isolated from bone marrow aspirates, we compare stem and progenitor cell counts after treatment for 24 hours with drug versus diluent. We demonstrate that MLN4924 exerts a cytotoxic effect on MDS and AML stem and progenitor cell populations, whereas cytarabine has more limited effects. Further application of this method for evaluating drug effects on these populations ex vivo and in vivo may inform rational design and selection of therapies in the clinical setting. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:840–850
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L.B. Knorr
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laura E. Finn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - B. Douglas Smith
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allan D. Hess
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James M. Foran
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Judith E. Karp
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Scott H. Kaufmann
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Houshmand M, Soleimani M, Atashi A, Saglio G, Abdollahi M, Nikougoftar Zarif M. Mimicking the Acute Myeloid Leukemia Niche for Molecular Study and Drug Screening. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:72-85. [PMID: 28007011 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow niche is a major contributing factor in leukemia development and drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Although mimicking leukemic bone marrow niche relies on two-dimensional (2D) culture conditions, it cannot recapitulate complex bone marrow structure that causes introduction of different three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Simultaneously, microfluidic platform by perfusing medium culture mimic interstitial fluid flow, along with 3D scaffold would help for mimicking bone marrow microenvironment. In this study TF-1 cells were cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in 2D and 3D microfluidic devices. Phenotype maintenance during cell culture and proliferation rate was assayed and confirmed by cell cycle analysis. Morphology of cells in 2D and 3D culture conditions was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. After these experiments, drug screening was performed by applying azacitidine and cytarabine and cytotoxicity assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) were done to compare drug resistance in 2D and 3D culture conditions. Our result shows leukemic cells in 3D microfluidic device retaining their phenotype and proliferation rate was significantly higher in 3D culture condition in comparison to 2D culture condition (p < 0.05), which was confirmed by cell cycle analysis. Cytotoxicity assay also illustrated drug resistance in 3D culture condition and qRT-PCR demonstrated higher BCL2 expression in 3D microfluidic device in contrast to 2D microfluidic device (p < 0.05). On balance, mimicking bone marrow niche would help the target therapy and specify the role of niche in development of leukemia in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Houshmand
- 1 Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Atashi
- 3 Stem cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences , Shahroud, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, "S. Luigi Gonzaga" Hospital, University of Turin , Orbassano, Italy
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- 2 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahin Nikougoftar Zarif
- 1 Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine , Tehran, Iran
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Etchin J, Berezovskaya A, Conway AS, Galinsky IA, Stone RM, Baloglu E, Senapedis W, Landesman Y, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Wang JCY, Look AT. KPT-8602, a second-generation inhibitor of XPO1-mediated nuclear export, is well tolerated and highly active against AML blasts and leukemia-initiating cells. Leukemia 2017; 31:143-150. [PMID: 27211268 PMCID: PMC5220128 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematologic malignant disease of developing myeloid cells that have acquired aberrant survival, uncontrolled proliferation and a block in normal hematopoietic cell differentiation. Standard chemotherapy often induces remissions in AML patients, but the disease frequently relapses due to incomplete targeting of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs), emphasizing the need for novel effective treatments. Exportin 1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export, which is inhibited by the drug selinexor, is an attractive new therapeutic target in AML. Selinexor has shown impressive activity in Phase I/II clinical trials for AML. Here we report the anti-leukemic efficacy and tolerability of KPT-8602, a second-generation XPO1 inhibitor. KPT-8602 demonstrates substantially reduced brain penetration compared to selinexor, with resultant attenuation of the central nervous system mediated side effects of anorexia and weight loss. Due to its improved tolerability profile, KPT-8602 can be given daily compared to the two or three times weekly regimen of selinexor, and exhibits greater anti-leukemic efficacy against both leukemic blasts and LICs in AML patient-derived xenograft models. Importantly, normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) frequency is not significantly reduced by KPT-8602, providing a therapeutic window for elimination of relapse-driving LICs while sparing normal HSPCs. These findings strongly endorse clinical testing of KPT-8602 in patients with relapsed and refractory AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Etchin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Berezovskaya
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A S Conway
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I A Galinsky
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Baloglu
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | | | | | - M Kauffman
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | - S Shacham
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
| | - J C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A T Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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