1
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Li H, Cai X, Yang X, Zhang X. An overview of PROTACs targeting MDM2 as a novel approach for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116506. [PMID: 38761584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
MDM2 genes amplification or altered expression is commonly observed in various cancers bearing wild-type TP53. Directly targeting the p53-binding pocket of MDM2 to activate the p53 pathway represents a promising therapeutic approach. Despite the development of numerous potent MDM2 inhibitors that have advanced into clinical trials, their utility is frequently hampered by drug resistance and hematologic toxicity such as neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The emergence of PROTAC technology has revolutionized drug discovery and development, with applications in both preclinical and clinical research. Harnessing the power of PROTAC molecules to achieve MDM2 targeted degradation and p53 reactivation holds significant promise for cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize representative MDM2 PROTAC degraders and provide insights for researchers investigating MDM2 proteins and the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Li
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Cai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery & Development Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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2
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Pourebrahim R, Montoya RH, Akiyama H, Ostermann L, Khazaei S, Muftuoglu M, Baran N, Zhao R, Lesluyes T, Liu B, Khoury JD, Gagea M, Van Loo P, Andreeff M. Age-specific induction of mutant p53 drives clonal hematopoiesis and acute myeloid leukemia in adult mice. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101558. [PMID: 38733986 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of the mechanisms behind p53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been limited by the lack of suitable mouse models, which historically have resulted in lymphoma rather than leukemia. This study introduces two new AML mouse models. One model induces mutant p53 and Mdm2 haploinsufficiency in early development, showing the role of Mdm2 in myeloid-biased hematopoiesis and AML predisposition, independent of p53. The second model mimics clonal hematopoiesis by inducing mutant p53 in adult hematopoietic stem cells, demonstrating that the timing of p53 mutation determines AML vs. lymphoma development. In this context, age-related changes in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) collaborate with mutant p53 to predispose toward myeloid transformation rather than lymphoma development. Our study unveils new insights into the cooperative impact of HSC age, Trp53 mutations, and Mdm2 haploinsufficiency on clonal hematopoiesis and the development of myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Pourebrahim
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rafael Heinz Montoya
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Ostermann
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shayuan Khazaei
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Muharrem Muftuoglu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ran Zhao
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Tuval A, Strandgren C, Heldin A, Palomar-Siles M, Wiman KG. Pharmacological reactivation of p53 in the era of precision anticancer medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:106-120. [PMID: 38102383 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
p53, which is encoded by the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, TP53, is an attractive target for novel cancer therapies. Despite major challenges associated with this approach, several compounds that either augment the activity of wild-type p53 or restore all, or some, of the wild-type functions to p53 mutants are currently being explored. In wild-type TP53 cancer cells, p53 function is often abrogated by overexpression of the negative regulator MDM2, and agents that disrupt p53-MDM2 binding can trigger a robust p53 response, albeit potentially with induction of p53 activity in non-malignant cells. In TP53-mutant cancer cells, compounds that promote the refolding of missense mutant p53 or the translational readthrough of nonsense mutant TP53 might elicit potent cell death. Some of these compounds have been, or are being, tested in clinical trials involving patients with various types of cancer. Nonetheless, no p53-targeting drug has so far been approved for clinical use. Advances in our understanding of p53 biology provide some clues as to the underlying reasons for the variable clinical activity of p53-restoring therapies seen thus far. In this Review, we discuss the intricate interactions between p53 and its cellular and microenvironmental contexts and factors that can influence p53's activity. We also propose several strategies for improving the clinical efficacy of these agents through the complex perspective of p53 functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Tuval
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Angelos Heldin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Klas G Wiman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Lin W, Yan Y, Huang Q, Zheng D. MDMX in Cancer: A Partner of p53 and a p53-Independent Effector. Biologics 2024; 18:61-78. [PMID: 38318098 PMCID: PMC10839028 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s436629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes. MDM2 and its homolog MDMX are the most important negative regulators of p53. Many studies have shown that MDMX promotes the growth of cancer cells by influencing the regulation of the downstream target gene of tumor suppressor p53. Studies have found that inhibiting the MDMX-p53 interaction can effectively restore the tumor suppressor activity of p53. MDMX has growth-promoting activities without p53 or in the presence of mutant p53. Therefore, it is extremely important to study the function of MDMX in tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis. This article mainly reviews the current research progress and mechanism on MDMX function, summarizes known MDMX inhibitors and provides new ideas for the development of more specific and effective MDMX inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dali Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Zhang Y, Huang Z, Li K, Xie G, Feng Y, Wang Z, Li N, Liu R, Ding Y, Wang J, Yang J, Jia Z. TrkA promotes MDM2-mediated AGPS ubiquitination and degradation to trigger prostate cancer progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:16. [PMID: 38200609 PMCID: PMC10782585 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a novel necrosis manner, ferroptosis has been increasingly reported to play a role in tumor progression and treatment, however, the specific mechanisms underlying its development in prostate cancer remain unclear. Growing evidence showed that peroxisome plays a key role in ferroptosis. Herein, we identified a novel mechanism for the involvement of ferroptosis in prostate cancer progression, which may provide a new strategy for clinical treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS Label-Free Mass spectrometry was used to screen and identify candidate proteins after ferroptosis inducer-ML210 treatment. Immunohistochemistry was undertaken to explore the protein expression of AGPS in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down were used to identify the directly binding of AGPS to MDM2 in vivo and in vitro. CCK8 assay and colony formation assay were used to illustrate the key role of AGPS in the progression of prostate cancer in vitro. The xenograft model was established to verify the key role of AGPS in the progression of prostate cancer in vivo. RESULTS AGPS protein expression was downregulated in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal tissues from the first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University dataset. Lower expression was correlated with poorer overall survival of patients compared to those with high expression of AGPS. In addition, AGPS can promote ferroptosis by modulating the function of peroxisome-resulting in the lower survival of prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, it was shown that AGPS can be ubiquitinated and degraded by the E3 ligase-MDM2 through the proteasomal pathway. Meanwhile, kinase TrkA can promote the combination of AGPS and MDM2 by phosphorylating AGPS at Y451 site. It was verified that kinase TrkA inhibitor-Larotrectinib can increase the susceptibility of prostate cancer cells to ferroptosis, which leads to the inhibition of prostate cancer proliferation to a great extent in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we proposed the combination of ferroptosis inducer and TrkA inhibitor to synergistically exert anti-tumor effects, which may provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Keqiang Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guoqing Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuankang Feng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ningyang Li
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yinghui Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Zheng J, Miao F, Wang Z, Ma Y, Lin Z, Chen Y, Kong X, Wang Y, Zhuang A, Wu T, Li W. Identification of MDM2 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker in a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis: A promising target for breast cancer, bladder cancer and ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Life Sci 2023:121832. [PMID: 37276911 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) gene is a crucial factor in the development and progression of various cancer types. Multiple rigorous scientific studies have consistently shown its involvement in tumorigenesis and cancer progression in a wide range of cancer types. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of MDM2 in human cancer has yet to be conducted. METHODS We used various databases, including TIMER2.0, TCGA, GTEx and STRING, to analyze MDM2 expression and its correlation with clinical outcomes, interacting genes and immune cell infiltration. We also investigated the association of MDM2 with immune checkpoints and performed gene enrichment analysis using DAVID tools. RESULTS The pan-cancer MDM2 analysis found that MDM2 expression and mutation status were observably different in 25 types of cancer tissue compared with healthy tissues, and prognosis analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between MDM2 expression and patient prognosis. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that MDM2 expression was correlated with tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability and drug sensitivity in certain cancer types. We found that there was an association between MDM2 expression and immune cell infiltration across cancer types, and MDM2 inhibitors might enhance the effect of immunotherapy on breast cancer, bladder cancer and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS The first systematic pan-cancer analysis of MDM2 was conducted, and it demonstrated that MDM2 was a reliable prognostic biomarker and was closely related to cancer immunity, providing a potential immunotherapeutic target for breast cancer, bladder cancer and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zheng
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fenglin Miao
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhenhang Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yaqin Chen
- Nursing Department of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Xu Kong
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Aobo Zhuang
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Wengang Li
- Cancer Research Center, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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Adams CM, Mitra R, Xiao Y, Michener P, Palazzo J, Chao A, Gour J, Cassel J, Salvino JM, Eischen CM. Targeted MDM2 Degradation Reveals a New Vulnerability for p53-Inactivated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1210-1229. [PMID: 36734633 PMCID: PMC10164114 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) frequently inactivate p53, increasing their aggressiveness and therapy resistance. We identified an unexpected protein vulnerability in p53-inactivated TNBC and designed a new PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) to target it. Our PROTAC selectively targets MDM2 for proteasome-mediated degradation with high-affinity binding and VHL recruitment. MDM2 loss in p53 mutant/deleted TNBC cells in two-dimensional/three-dimensional culture and TNBC patient explants, including relapsed tumors, causes apoptosis while sparing normal cells. Our MDM2-PROTAC is stable in vivo, and treatment of TNBC xenograft-bearing mice demonstrates tumor on-target efficacy with no toxicity to normal cells, significantly extending survival. Transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of p53 family target genes. Investigations showed activation and a required role for TAp73 to mediate MDM2-PROTAC-induced apoptosis. Our data, challenging the current MDM2/p53 paradigm, show MDM2 is required for p53-inactivated TNBC cell survival, and PROTAC-targeted MDM2 degradation is an innovative potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC and superior to existing MDM2 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE p53-inactivated TNBC is an aggressive, therapy-resistant, and lethal breast cancer subtype. We designed a new compound targeting an unexpected vulnerability we identified in TNBC. Our MDM2-targeted degrader kills p53-inactivated TNBC cells, highlighting the requirement for MDM2 in TNBC cell survival and as a new therapeutic target for this disease. See related commentary by Peuget and Selivanova, p. 1043. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1027.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Peter Michener
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan Palazzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allen Chao
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Christine M. Eischen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhang M, Xiao F, Li Y, Chen Z, Zhang X, Zhang X, Song J, Zhang Y, Si X, Bai J, Yagüe E, Zhou Y. The miR-106b-25 cluster mediates drug resistance in myeloid leukaemias by inactivating multiple apoptotic genes. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:236-250. [PMID: 36399285 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03483-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of cancer. The role of the miR-106b-25 cluster in drug resistance of haematologic malignancies has not yet been elucidated. Here, we show that the miR-106b-25 cluster mediates resistance to therapeutic agents with structural and mechanistic dissimilarity in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing data revealed that overexpression of the miR-106b-25 cluster or its individual miRNAs resulted in downregulation of multiple key regulators of apoptotic pathways. Luciferase reporter assay identified TP73 as a direct target of miR-93 and miR-106b, BAK1 as a direct target of miR-25 and CASP7 as a direct target of all three miRNAs. We also showed that inhibitors of the miR-106b-25 cluster and BCL-2 exert synergistic effects on apoptosis induction in primary myeloid leukaemic cells. Thus, the members of the miR-106b-25 cluster may jointly contribute to myeloid leukaemia drug resistance by inactivating multiple apoptotic genes. Targeting this cluster could be a promising combination strategy in patients resistant to therapeutic agents that induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Fangnan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yunan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Junzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Xiaohui Si
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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Mitra R, Adams CM, Eischen CM. Systematic lncRNA mapping to genome-wide co-essential modules uncovers cancer dependency on uncharacterized lncRNAs. eLife 2022; 11:e77357. [PMID: 35695878 PMCID: PMC9191893 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of gene dependency across hundreds of cell lines using genome-scale CRISPR screens has revealed co-essential pathways/modules and critical functions of uncharacterized genes. In contrast to protein-coding genes, robust CRISPR-based loss-of-function screens are lacking for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are key regulators of many cellular processes, leaving many essential lncRNAs unidentified and uninvestigated. Integrating copy number, epigenetic, and transcriptomic data of >800 cancer cell lines with CRISPR-derived co-essential pathways, our method recapitulates known essential lncRNAs and predicts proliferation/growth dependency of 289 poorly characterized lncRNAs. Analyzing lncRNA dependencies across 10 cancer types and their expression alteration by diverse growth inhibitors across cell types, we prioritize 30 high-confidence pan-cancer proliferation/growth-regulating lncRNAs. Further evaluating two previously uncharacterized top proliferation-suppressive lncRNAs (PSLR-1, PSLR-2) showed they are transcriptionally regulated by p53, induced by multiple cancer treatments, and significantly correlate to increased cancer patient survival. These lncRNAs modulate G2 cell cycle-regulating genes within the FOXM1 transcriptional network, inducing a G2 arrest and inhibiting proliferation and colony formation. Collectively, our results serve as a powerful resource for exploring lncRNA-mediated regulation of cellular fitness in cancer, circumventing current limitations in lncRNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Clare M Adams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
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10
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Osterburg C, Dötsch V. Structural diversity of p63 and p73 isoforms. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:921-937. [PMID: 35314772 PMCID: PMC9091270 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The p53 protein family is the most studied protein family of all. Sequence analysis and structure determination have revealed a high similarity of crucial domains between p53, p63 and p73. Functional studies, however, have shown a wide variety of different tasks in tumor suppression, quality control and development. Here we review the structure and organization of the individual domains of p63 and p73, the interaction of these domains in the context of full-length proteins and discuss the evolutionary origin of this protein family.
Facts
Distinct physiological roles/functions are performed by specific isoforms.
The non-divided transactivation domain of p63 has a constitutively high activity while the transactivation domains of p53/p73 are divided into two subdomains that are regulated by phosphorylation.
Mdm2 binds to all three family members but ubiquitinates only p53.
TAp63α forms an autoinhibited dimeric state while all other vertebrate p53 family isoforms are constitutively tetrameric.
The oligomerization domain of p63 and p73 contain an additional helix that is necessary for stabilizing the tetrameric states. During evolution this helix got lost independently in different phylogenetic branches, while the DNA binding domain became destabilized and the transactivation domain split into two subdomains.
Open questions
Is the autoinhibitory mechanism of mammalian TAp63α conserved in p53 proteins of invertebrates that have the same function of genomic quality control in germ cells?
What is the physiological function of the p63/p73 SAM domains?
Do the short isoforms of p63 and p73 have physiological functions?
What are the roles of the N-terminal elongated TAp63 isoforms, TA* and GTA?
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11
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Al-Jameel W, Al-Mahmood SS, Al-Saidya AM. Correlation between p53 and Mdm2 expression with histopathological parameters in cattle squamous cell carcinomas. Vet World 2022; 15:10-15. [PMID: 35369583 PMCID: PMC8924381 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common form of carcinoma in cattle. Histopathological grading systems have been utilized over several decades for estimating the malignancy of cattle SCCs. This study aimed to detect p53 and Mdm2 expression in different SCC cases in cattle and correlate their expression with the SCC histopathological grading. Materials and Methods: Cattle SCC cases were collected at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Nineveh. The SCC grading system categorized the cases histologically based on their differentiation grade into three groups: Well, moderately, and poorly differentiated. The SCC cases were subsequently verified for p53 and Mdm2 immunoexpression. Results: Fourteen of 16 examined cattle SCC samples tested positive for p53 expression. Moreover, 15 out of the 16 SCC samples tested positive for Mdm2 expression. The increased immunoreactivity of both p53 and Mdm2 was associated with a poor histological grading of the cattle SCC. There is a positive correlation between the nuclear expression of p53 and Mdm2, and the degree of differentiation and the number of mitotic figures in the examined cattle SCC samples. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate an increased p53 and Mdm2 expression in cattle SCC cases characterized by poor histopathological grading, thus suggesting an essential role of these molecules in the development of moderately and poorly differentiated SCC in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Al-Jameel
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - S. S. Al-Mahmood
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - A. M. Al-Saidya
- Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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12
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Epstein Barr virus-positive B-cell lymphoma is highly vulnerable to MDM2 inhibitors in vivo. Blood Adv 2021; 6:891-901. [PMID: 34861697 PMCID: PMC8945299 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 inhibitors have potent in vivo activity against and could be a novel therapy for EBV-positive B-cell lymphoma. EBV positivity or loss of BCL6 expression can be a potential predictive biomarker for response to MDM2 inhibitors in patients with lymphoma
Epstein-Barr virus–positive (EBV-positive) B-cell lymphomas are common in immunocompromised patients and remain an unmet medical need. Here we report that MDM2 inhibitors (MDM2is) navtemadlin and idasanutlin have potent in vivo activity in EBV-positive B-cell lymphoma established in immunocompromised mice. Tumor regression was observed in all 5 EBV-positive xenograft–associated B-cell lymphomas treated with navtemadlin or idasanutlin. Molecular characterization showed that treatment with MDM2is resulted in activation of p53 pathways and downregulation of cell cycle effectors in human lymphoma cell lines that were either EBV-positive or had undetectable expression of BCL6, a transcriptional inhibitor of the TP53 gene. Moreover, treatment with navtemadlin resulted in tumor regression and prevented systemic dissemination of EBV-positive lymphoma derived from 2 juvenile patients with posttransplant lymphoproliferative diseases, including 1 whose tumor was resistant to virus-specific T-cell therapy. These results provide proof-of-concept for targeted therapy of EBV-positive lymphoma with MDM2is and the feasibility of using EBV infection or loss of BCL6 expression to identify responders to MDM2is.
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13
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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14
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MDM2, MDMX, and p73 regulate cell-cycle progression in the absence of wild-type p53. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102420118. [PMID: 34716260 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102420118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein, known to be critically important in several processes including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, is highly regulated by multiple mechanisms, most certifiably the Murine Double Minute 2-Murine Double Minute X (MDM2-MDMX) heterodimer. The role of MDM2-MDMX in cell-cycle regulation through inhibition of p53 has been well established. Here we report that in cells either lacking p53 or expressing certain tumor-derived mutant forms of p53, loss of endogenous MDM2 or MDMX, or inhibition of E3 ligase activity of the heterocomplex, causes cell-cycle arrest. This arrest is correlated with a reduction in E2F1, E2F3, and p73 levels. Remarkably, direct ablation of endogenous p73 produces a similar effect on the cell cycle and the expression of certain E2F family members at both protein and messenger RNA levels. These data suggest that MDM2 and MDMX, working at least in part as a heterocomplex, may play a p53-independent role in maintaining cell-cycle progression by promoting the activity of E2F family members as well as p73, making them a potential target of interest in cancers lacking wild-type p53.
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15
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Chemotherapy of HER2- and MDM2-Enriched Breast Cancer Subtypes Induces Homologous Recombination DNA Repair and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184501. [PMID: 34572735 PMCID: PMC8471926 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MDM2 is a protein responsible for negative regulation of the p53 tumor suppressor. In addition, MDM2 exhibits chaperone-like properties similar to the HSP90 molecular chaperone. Multiple studies revealed that MDM2 is deeply involved in cancer development and progression. Some recently published results indicate that the role of MDM2 in DNA repair inhibition is more complex than previously thought. We show that MDM2 is directly involved in the homologous recombination DNA repair, and its chaperone-like activity is crucial for this function. The DNA repair inhibition is a result of inefficient MDM2 dissociation from the NBN protein complex. When cancer cells are treated with chemotherapy, MDM2 can be easily released from the interaction and degraded, resulting in effective homologous recombination DNA repair, which translates into the acquisition of a chemoresistant phenotype by the tumor. This knowledge may allow for identification of the patients that are at particular risk of tumor chemoresistance. Abstract Analyzing the TCGA breast cancer database, we discovered that patients with the HER2 cancer subtype and overexpression of MDM2 exhibited decreased post-treatment survival. Inhibition of MDM2 expression in the SKBR3 cell line (HER2 subtype) diminished the survival of cancer cells treated with doxorubicin, etoposide, and camptothecin. Moreover, we demonstrated that inhibition of MDM2 expression diminished DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) and sensitized SKBR3 cells to a PARP inhibitor, olaparib. In H1299 (TP53−/−) cells treated with neocarzinostatin (NCS), overexpression of MDM2 WT or E3-dead MDM2 C478S variant stimulated the NCS-dependent phosphorylation of ATM, NBN, and BRCA1, proteins involved in HR DNA repair. However, overexpression of chaperone-dead MDM2 K454A variant diminished phosphorylation of these proteins as well as the HR DNA repair. Moreover, we demonstrated that, upon NCS treatment, MDM2 K454A interacted with NBN more efficiently than MDM2 WT and that MDM2 WT was degraded more efficiently than MDM2 K454A. Using a proliferation assay, we showed that overexpression of MDM2 WT, but not MDM2 K454A, led to acquisition of resistance to NCS. The presented results indicate that, following chemotherapy, MDM2 WT was released from MDM2-NBN complex and efficiently degraded, hence allowing extensive HR DNA repair leading to the acquisition of chemoresistance by cancer cells.
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16
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Fu H, Liu M, Yan J, Zhao N, Qu L. Stachydrine Inhibits PC12 Cell Apoptosis Induced by Aβ25-35 in an in vitro Cell Model of Neurocognitive Disorders. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201110115007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Abnormal deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) is considered the primary
cause of neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). Inhibiting cytotoxicity is an important aspect of the
treatment of NCDs. Stachydrine (STA) has been widely used for gynecological and cardiovascular
disorders. However, whether STA has protective functions in PC12 cells treated with Aβ25-35 remains
unclear.
Introduction:
Traditional Chinese Medicine, stachydrine (STA), is a water-soluble alkaloid of
Leonurus heterophyllus, which can inhibit cell apoptosis, suppress tumor growth, maintain homeostasis
of myocardial cells, and alleviate endothelial dysfunction. This study will investigate the effect
of STA on inhibiting PC12 cell apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 in an in vitro cell model of neurocognitive
disorders.
Methods:
The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cells treated with STA were analyzed according
to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE) 85871 data, and the STITCH database was used to
identify the target genes of STA. PC12 cells were treated with Aβ25-35 and/or STA, 3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed and lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined. The cell cycle distribution was detected by flow
cytometry, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western
blotting were used to detect the expression of genes or proteins.
Results:
GSE85871 data showed 37 upregulated and 48 downregulated genes among the DEGs
affected by STA. The results from the STITCH database showed that RPS8 and EED were target
genes of STA. GSE1297 analysis showed the 13 most significantly upregulated genes. STA might
affect the occurrence of NCDs through the interaction of TP53 with EED and RPS8. Finally, Aβ25-35
promoted apoptosis and LDH release of PC-12 cells, arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and
inhibited the expression of the RPS8, EED, Bcl-2 and P53 genes. STA could reverse the effect of
Aβ25-35.
Conclusion:
STA may play an important role in inhibiting apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 by targeting
the RPS8 and EED genes in the NCDs model in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jinxiu Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liangchao Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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17
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Cissé MY, Pyrdziak S, Firmin N, Gayte L, Heuillet M, Bellvert F, Fuentes M, Delpech H, Riscal R, Arena G, Chibon F, Le Gellec S, Maran-Gonzalez A, Chateau MC, Theillet C, Carrere S, Portais JC, Le Cam L, Linares LK. Targeting MDM2-dependent serine metabolism as a therapeutic strategy for liposarcoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/547/eaay2163. [PMID: 32522803 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas (LPSs) are characterized by a systematic amplification of the MDM2 oncogene, which encodes a key negative regulator of the p53 pathway. The molecular mechanisms underlying MDM2 overexpression while sparing wild-type p53 in LPS remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the p53-independent metabolic functions of chromatin-bound MDM2 are exacerbated in LPS and mediate an addiction to serine metabolism that sustains nucleotide synthesis and tumor growth. Treatment of LPS cells with Nutlin-3A, a pharmacological inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction, stabilized p53 but unexpectedly enhanced MDM2-mediated control of serine metabolism by increasing its recruitment to chromatin, likely explaining the poor clinical efficacy of this class of MDM2 inhibitors. In contrast, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of chromatin-bound MDM2 by SP141, a distinct MDM2 inhibitor triggering its degradation, or interfering with de novo serine synthesis, impaired LPS growth both in vitro and in clinically relevant patient-derived xenograft models. Our data indicate that targeting MDM2 functions in serine metabolism represents a potential therapeutic strategy for LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madi Y Cissé
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Samuel Pyrdziak
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Nelly Firmin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France.,Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Laurie Gayte
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Maud Heuillet
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse F-31400, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Floriant Bellvert
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse F-31400, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Maryse Fuentes
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Hélène Delpech
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Romain Riscal
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- INSERM UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse F-31100, France
| | - Sophie Le Gellec
- INSERM UMR 1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse-III, Toulouse F-31100, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse F-31100, France
| | | | | | - Charles Theillet
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Sébastien Carrere
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France.,Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse F-31400, France.,MetaToul-MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse F-31077, France.,Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Laurent Le Cam
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France. .,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Laetitia K Linares
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France. .,Equipe Labélisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris F-75013, France
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18
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Klein AM, de Queiroz RM, Venkatesh D, Prives C. The roles and regulation of MDM2 and MDMX: it is not just about p53. Genes Dev 2021; 35:575-601. [PMID: 33888565 PMCID: PMC8091979 DOI: 10.1101/gad.347872.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Klein et al. discuss the p53-independent roles of MDM2 and MDMX. First, they review the structural and functional features of MDM2 and MDMX proteins separately and together that could be relevant to their p53-independent activities. Following this, they summarize how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Most well studied as proteins that restrain the p53 tumor suppressor protein, MDM2 and MDMX have rich lives outside of their relationship to p53. There is much to learn about how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Regulation of MDM2 and MDMX, which takes place at the level of transcription, post-transcription, and protein modification, can be very intricate and is context-dependent. Equally complex are the myriad roles that these two proteins play in cells that lack wild-type p53; while many of these independent outcomes are consistent with oncogenic transformation, in some settings their functions could also be tumor suppressive. Since numerous small molecules that affect MDM2 and MDMX have been developed for therapeutic outcomes, most if not all designed to prevent their restraint of p53, it will be essential to understand how these diverse molecules might affect the p53-independent activities of MDM2 and MDMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Klein
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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19
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S6K1 blockade overcomes acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:7181-7195. [PMID: 33037411 PMCID: PMC7718330 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of resistance to EGFR Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC with activating EGFR mutations is a critical limitation of this therapy. In addition to genetic alterations such as EGFR secondary mutation causing EGFR-TKI resistance, compensatory activation of signaling pathways without interruption of genome integrity remains to be defined. In this study, we identified S6K1/MDM2 signaling axis as a novel bypass mechanism for the development of EGFR-TKI resistance. The observation of S6K1 as a candidate mechanism for resistance to EGFR TKI therapy was investigated by interrogation of public databases and a clinical cohort to establish S6K1 expression as a prognostic/predictive biomarker. The role of S6K1 in TKI resistance was determined in in vitro gain-and-loss of function studies and confirmed in subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse lung cancer models. Blockade of S6K1 by a specific inhibitor PF-4708671 synergistically enhanced the efficacy of TKI without showing toxicity. The mechanistic study showed the inhibition of EGFR caused nuclear translocation of S6K1 for binding with MDM2 in resistant cells. MDM2 is a downstream effector of S6K1-mediated TKI resistance. Taken together, we present evidence for the reversal of resistance to EGFR TKI by the addition of small molecule S6K1/MDM2 antagonists that could have clinical benefit.
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20
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The Undervalued Avenue to Reinstate Tumor Suppressor Functionality of the p53 Protein Family for Improved Cancer Therapy-Drug Repurposing. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092717. [PMID: 32971841 PMCID: PMC7563196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 and p73 are critical tumor suppressors that are often inactivated in human cancers through various mechanisms. Owing to their high structural homology, the proteins have many joined functions and recognize the same set of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. p53 is known as the 'guardian of the genome' and together with p73 forms a barrier against cancer development and progression. The TP53 is mutated in more than 50% of all human cancers and the germline mutations in TP53 predispose to the early onset of multiple tumors in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), the inherited cancer predisposition. In cancers where TP53 gene is intact, p53 is degraded. Despite the ongoing efforts, the treatment of cancers remains challenging. This is due to late diagnoses, the toxicity of the current standard of care and marginal benefit of newly approved therapies. Presently, the endeavors focus on reactivating p53 exclusively, neglecting the potential of the restoration of p73 protein for cancer eradication. Taken that several small molecules reactivating p53 failed in clinical trials, there is a need to develop new treatments targeting p53 proteins in cancer. This review outlines the most advanced strategies to reactivate p53 and p73 and describes drug repurposing approaches for the efficient reinstatement of the p53 proteins for cancer therapy.
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21
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Aning OA, Cheok CF. Drugging in the absence of p53. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:255-264. [PMID: 30865230 PMCID: PMC6478123 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the p53 gene is a key driver of tumorigenesis in various cancer cohorts and types. The quest for a successful p53-based therapy that holds the promise of treating more than half of the cancer population has culminated in extensive knowledge about the role and function of p53 and led to new proposed innovative strategies against p53-defective cancers. We will discuss some of these latest studies with a focus on metabolic regulation and DNA damage response and also highlight novel functions of p53 in these pathways that may provide a contemporary rationale for targeting p53 loss in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chit Fang Cheok
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Li Y, Yu P, Zou Y, Cai W, Sun W, Han N. KRas-ERK signalling promotes the onset and maintenance of uveal melanoma through regulating JMJD6-mediated H2A.X phosphorylation at tyrosine 39. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:4257-4265. [PMID: 31736361 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1673764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Since DNA damage is a first incident occurred during a tumour attack, it is rational that histone H2A.X phosphorylation on tyrosine 39 (H2A.XY39ph) may act as a tumour-relevant factor. This study was aimed to test the authenticity of the hypothesis. Uveal melanoma MP65 cells were transfected for expression of KRas mutated. H2A.X phosphorylation and ERK1/2 was measured, and transwell experiment was performed to examine the consequents of H2A.XY39ph on MP65 cells developing and migration. Regulatory relationship between H2A.XY39ph and ERK1/2 downstream genes were measured. Moreover, whether JMJD6 and MDM2 are involved in H2A.X phosphorylation was studied. Mutation of Ras activated ERK1/2 signalling and inhibited H2A.X phosphorylation at Y39. Silence of H2A.XY39ph contributed to the regulation of MP65 cells growth, migration and transcription of ERK1/2 downstream genes, including CYR61, IGFBP3, WNT16B, NT5E, GDF15 and CARD16. The repressed H2A.X phosphorylation through Ras-ERK1/2 signalling might be through MDM2-mediated JMJD6 degradation. Our study suggested that Ras-ERK1/2 signalling inhibited H2A.X phosphorylation at Y39, which led to the uncontrolled developing and migration of uveal melanoma cells. In addition, H2A.X phosphorylation was mediated possibly through JMJD6 which could be degraded by MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wenrui Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Weixuan Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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23
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de Oliveira Ribeiro H, Cortez AP, de Ávila RI, da Silva ACG, de Carvalho FS, Menegatti R, Lião LM, Valadares MC. Small-molecule MDM2 inhibitor LQFM030-induced apoptosis in p53-null K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 34:444-457. [PMID: 32011031 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Our group designed and synthesized the N-phenyl-piperazine LQFM030 [1-(4-((1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl) piperazin-1-yl) ethanone], a small molecule derived from molecular simplification of the Nutlin-1, an inhibitor of the human homologue of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein that is expressed in several types of cancer. To better investigate the effects of LQFM030 regarding the p53 mutation status, this study investigated the antiproliferative activity of LQFM030 against the p53-null K562 leukemia cells as well as the cell death pathways involved. In addition, the effects of LQFM030 on the levels of the p53/MDM2 complex were also carried out using 3T3 cells as a p53 wild-type model. Our data suggest that LQFM030 triggered apoptosis in K562 cells via different mechanisms including cell cycle arrest, caspase activation, reduction of mitochondrial activity, decrease in MDM2 expression, and transcriptional modulation of MDMX, p73, MYC, and NF-ĸB. Additionally, it promoted effects in p53/MDM2 binding in p53 wild-type 3T3 cells. Therefore, LQFM030 has antiproliferative effects in cancer cells by a p53 mutation status-independent manner with different signaling pathways. These findings open new perspectives to the treatment of leukemic cells considering the resistance development associated with cancer treatment with conventional cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Higor de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Alane Pereira Cortez
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Renato Ivan de Ávila
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Artur Christian Garcia da Silva
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Flávio Silva de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal (LQFM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal (LQFM), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- Laboratório de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
| | - Marize Campos Valadares
- Laboratory of Education and Research in In Vitro Toxicology - Tox In, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, 74605-220, Brazil
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24
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Venkatesh D, O'Brien NA, Zandkarimi F, Tong DR, Stokes ME, Dunn DE, Kengmana ES, Aron AT, Klein AM, Csuka JM, Moon SH, Conrad M, Chang CJ, Lo DC, D'Alessandro A, Prives C, Stockwell BR. MDM2 and MDMX promote ferroptosis by PPARα-mediated lipid remodeling. Genes Dev 2020; 34:526-543. [PMID: 32079652 PMCID: PMC7111265 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334219.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, Venkatesh et al. investigated the p53-independent roles of MDMX and the MDM2–MDMX complex. They found that MDM2 and MDMX facilitate ferroptosis in cells with or without p53, and that PPARα activity is essential for MDM2 and MDMX to promote ferroptosis, suggesting that the MDM2–MDMX complex regulates lipids through altering PPARα activity. MDM2 and MDMX, negative regulators of the tumor suppressor p53, can work separately and as a heteromeric complex to restrain p53's functions. MDM2 also has pro-oncogenic roles in cells, tissues, and animals that are independent of p53. There is less information available about p53-independent roles of MDMX or the MDM2–MDMX complex. We found that MDM2 and MDMX facilitate ferroptosis in cells with or without p53. Using small molecules, RNA interference reagents, and mutant forms of MDMX, we found that MDM2 and MDMX, likely working in part as a complex, normally facilitate ferroptotic death. We observed that MDM2 and MDMX alter the lipid profile of cells to favor ferroptosis. Inhibition of MDM2 or MDMX leads to increased levels of FSP1 protein and a consequent increase in the levels of coenzyme Q10, an endogenous lipophilic antioxidant. This suggests that MDM2 and MDMX normally prevent cells from mounting an adequate defense against lipid peroxidation and thereby promote ferroptosis. Moreover, we found that PPARα activity is essential for MDM2 and MDMX to promote ferroptosis, suggesting that the MDM2–MDMX complex regulates lipids through altering PPARα activity. These findings reveal the complexity of cellular responses to MDM2 and MDMX and suggest that MDM2–MDMX inhibition might be useful for preventing degenerative diseases involving ferroptosis. Furthermore, they suggest that MDM2/MDMX amplification may predict sensitivity of some cancers to ferroptosis inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas A O'Brien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Fereshteh Zandkarimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - David R Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Michael E Stokes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Denise E Dunn
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Everett S Kengmana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alyssa M Klein
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Joleen M Csuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Donald C Lo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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25
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Bang S, Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of the p53 Family Proteins by the Ubiquitin Proteasomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E261. [PMID: 31905981 PMCID: PMC6981958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its homologues, p63 and p73, play a pivotal role in the regulation of the DNA damage response, cellular homeostasis, development, aging, and metabolism. A number of mouse studies have shown that a genetic defect in the p53 family could lead to spontaneous tumor development, embryonic lethality, or severe tissue abnormality, indicating that the activity of the p53 family must be tightly regulated to maintain normal cellular functions. While the p53 family members are regulated at the level of gene expression as well as post-translational modification, they are also controlled at the level of protein stability through the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway. Over the last 20 years, many ubiquitin E3 ligases have been discovered that directly promote protein degradation of p53, p63, and p73 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide an overview of such E3 ligases and discuss their roles and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (S.B.); (S.K.)
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26
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Zhang J, Liu W, Dong H, Wang W. K-Ras G12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT pathway regulates H1.4 S35ph through PKA to promote the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2048-2057. [PMID: 31126199 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1617726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma is prevalent in children and adolescents. H1.4 modification is involved in various types of cancers. Ras pathway is often activated in human cancers. Herein, we explored the effects of Ras pathway through H1.4S35ph. Methods: Osteosarcoma cancer cell line MG-63 was transfected with Ras gene with G12V and Y40C site mutation. The phosphorylation of H1.4S35 and AKT was detected by Western blot. Cell viability, cell colonies and migration were analyzed by MTT assay, soft-agar colony formation assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression of Ras pathway downstream factors and PKA was detected by qRT-PCR. The relationship between Ras and downstream factors was detected by ChIP. The cell cycle progression was measured by flow cytometry. Results: Transfection with RasG12V/Y40C decreased H1.4S35ph expression while switched on p-AKTSer473. RasG12V/Y40C increased cell viability, colony numbers and migration while H1.4S35E (H1.4S35ph overexpression) led to the opposite results. The regulation of RasG12V/Y40C and H1.4S35E on Ras downstream factors was contrary to each other. Results demonstrated a positive relationship between PKA with H1.4S35ph with RasG12V/Y40C down-regulated both. However, PKA and MDM2 revealed negative regulation with RasG12V/Y40C transfection up-regulated MDM2. Conclusion: RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT signal pathway decreased H1.4S35ph through down-regulation of PKA while up-regulation of MDM2 in MG-63 cells. Highlights H1.4S35ph is regulated by K-RasG12V/Y40-PI3K/AKT in MG-63 cells; Overexpression of H1.4S35ph regulates MG-63 cell growth; H1.4S35ph regulates Ras downstream factors; K-RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT activity induces PKA degradation to down-regulate H1.4S35ph; K-RasG12V/Y40C-PI3K/AKT activity involves in PKA degradation via MDM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhe Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Hang Dong
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , China
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27
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Wu Z, Huang R, Yuan L. Crosstalk of intracellular post-translational modifications in cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108138. [PMID: 31606391 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in numerous cellular biochemical and physiological processes. Multiple PTMs can influence the actions of each other positively or negatively, termed as PTM crosstalk or PTM code. During recent years, development of identification strategies for PTMs co-occurrence has revealed abundant information of interplay between PTMs. Increasing evidence demonstrates that deregulation of PTMs crosstalk is involved in the genesis and development of various diseases. Insight into the complexity of PTMs crosstalk will help us better understand etiology and provide novel targets for drug therapy. In the present review, we will discuss the important functional roles of PTMs crosstalk in proteins associated with cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wu
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Rongting Huang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Yuan
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102200, China
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28
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Yu Q, Pu SY, Wu H, Chen XQ, Jiang JJ, Gu KS, He YH, Kong QP. TICRR Contributes to Tumorigenesis Through Accelerating DNA Replication in Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:516. [PMID: 31275851 PMCID: PMC6591320 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is precisely regulated in cells and its dysregulation can trigger tumorigenesis. Here we identified that the TOPBP1 interacting checkpoint and replication regulator (TICRR) mRNA level was universally and highly expressed in 15 solid cancer types. Depletion of TICRR significantly inhibited tumor cell growth, colony formation and migration in vitro, and strikingly inhibited tumor growth in the xenograft model. We reveal that knockdown of TICRR inhibited not only the initiation but also the fork progression of DNA replication. Suppression of DNA synthesis by TICRR silencing caused DNA damage accumulation, subsequently activated the ATM/CHK2 dependent p53 signaling, and finally induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at least in p53-wild cancer cells. Further, we show that a higher TICRR level was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in multiple cancer types. In conclusion, our study shows that TICRR is involved in tumorigenesis by regulating DNA replication, acting as a common biomarker for cancer prognosis and could be a promising target for drug-development and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Yan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Huan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Kang-Shuyun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Han He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Study, Kunming, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, China
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29
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Coelomic Fluid of Lumbricus rubellus Synergistically Enhances Cytotoxic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil through Modulation of Focal Adhesion Kinase and p21 in HT-29 Cancer Cell Line. ScientificWorldJournal 2019; 2019:5632859. [PMID: 31097925 PMCID: PMC6487099 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5632859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coelomic fluid of Lumbricus rubellus (CFL) has attracted interest due to its pharmacological properties, including antitumor effect. Furthermore, it is necessary to evaluate the response to treatment with new cancer therapeutic agents. This study aims to investigate whether the combination of CFL and 5-fluorouracil could reduce FAK protein level and iCa2+ and enhance p21 level. Furthermore, it is necessary to evaluate the response to treatment with new cancer therapeutic agents. After 24 hours of treatment, it was necessary to assess the percentage of apoptosis, FAK, and p21 protein expression by flow cytometry. iCa2+ concentration was measured using immunofluorescence. The combination therapy of CFL with 5-fluorouracil potently suppressed six treatment groups were included in this study. HT-29 cell lines were cultured and divided into six groups: group 1 was treated with vehicle (negative control), groups 2-5 were treated with 5-fluorouracil, groups 3-5 were treated with either CFL 5, 10, or 20 µg/ml immediately after 5-fluorouracil, and group 6 was treated with CFL 20 µg/ml, the progression of colorectal cancer. Combination of CFL and 5-fluorouracil significantly decreased FAK expression (p<0.05), iCa2+ (p<0.05), and increased p21 expression (p<0.05) in HT-29 cells. Our results suggest that CFL has an anticancer potential in colorectal cancer when combined with 5-fluorouracil.
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30
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Zou D, Xu L, Li H, Ma Y, Gong Y, Guo T, Jing Z, Xu X, Zhang Y. Role of abnormal microRNA expression in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric cancer. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:239-251. [PMID: 30776938 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1575793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). HP infection may induce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and abnormally increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and cytokines in mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach. However, the specific mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of HP-associated GC is still poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that abnormal microRNA expression may affect the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mucosal epithelial cells of the stomach to further influence GC occurrence, development, and metastasis. Herein, we summarize the role of abnormal microRNAs in the regulation of HP-associated GC progression. Abnormal microRNA expression in HP-positive GC may be a biomarker for GC diagnosis, occurrence, and development as well as its targeted treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zou
- a The First laboratory of cancer institute , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ling Xu
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Heming Li
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,c Department of Oncology , Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University , Dalian , China
| | - Yanju Ma
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China.,d Department of Medical Oncology , Cancer Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yuehua Gong
- e Department of Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University , Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention (China Medical University), Liaoning Provincial Education Department , Shenyang , China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- b Department of Medical Oncology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zhitao Jing
- f Department of Neurosurgery , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiuying Xu
- g Department of Gastroenterology , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Ye Zhang
- a The First laboratory of cancer institute , First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
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31
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Imanishi M, Yamamoto Y, Wang X, Sugaya A, Hirose M, Endo S, Natori Y, Yamato K, Hyodo I. Augmented antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil by double knockdown of MDM4 and MDM2 in colon and gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:639-649. [PMID: 30488540 PMCID: PMC6361612 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is essential during cancer development and progression. Mutations of TP53 are often missense and occur in various human cancers. In some fraction of wild‐type (wt) TP53 tumors, p53 is inactivated by upregulated murine double minute homolog 2 (MDM2) and MDM4. We previously reported that simultaneous knockdown of MDM4 and MDM2 using synthetic DNA‐modified siRNAs revived p53 activity and synergistically inhibited in vitro cell growth in cancer cells with wt TP53 and high MDM4 expression (wtTP53/highMDM4). In the present study, MDM4/MDM2 double knockdown with the siRNAs enhanced 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐induced p53 activation, arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase, and potentiated the antitumor effect of 5‐FU in wtTP53/highMDM4 human colon (HCT116 and LoVo) and gastric (SNU‐1 and NUGC‐4) cancer cells. Exposure to 5‐FU alone induced MDM2 as well as p21 and PUMA by p53 activation. As p53‐MDM2 forms a negative feedback loop, enhancement of the antitumor effect of 5‐FU by MDM4/MDM2 double knockdown could be attributed to blocking of the feedback mechanism in addition to direct suppression of these p53 antagonists. Intratumor injection of the MDM4/MDM2 siRNAs suppressed in vivo tumor growth and boosted the antitumor effect of 5‐FU in an athymic mouse xenograft model using HCT116 cells. These results suggest that a combination of MDM4/MDM2 knockdown and conventional cytotoxic drugs could be a promising treatment strategy for wtTP53/highMDM4 gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Imanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akinori Sugaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kasumigaura Medical Center, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hirose
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tsuchiura Clinical Education and Training Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Shinji Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Matsudo, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Yamato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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32
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Puccetti MV, Adams CM, Kushinsky S, Eischen CM. Smarcal1 and Zranb3 Protect Replication Forks from Myc-Induced DNA Replication Stress. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1612-1623. [PMID: 30610086 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The cellular DNA replication stress response functions to stabilize DNA replication forks and inhibits genome instability and tumorigenesis induced by oncogenes. However, the specific proteins required for resolving oncogenic stress remain poorly understood. Here we report that Smarcal1 and Zranb3, closely related replication fork-remodeling proteins, have nonredundant functions in resolving Myc-induced DNA replication stress. In Myc-overexpressing primary cells, significant differences in replication fork stalling, collapse, and DNA damage were detected between cells deficient in Smarcal1 or Zranb3, leading to changes in proliferation and apoptosis. These differences were also reflected in Myc-induced lymphoma development; haploinsufficiency of Smarcal1 resulted in accelerated lymphomagenesis, whereas haploinsufficiency of Zranb3 inhibited lymphoma development. Complete loss of either protein resulted in disparate survival outcomes. Our results reveal that endogenous replication stress from Myc in primary cells requires both alleles of Smarcal1 and Zranb3 and demonstrate the requirement of both proteins to stabilize replication forks upon Myc dysregulation in a nonredundant manner. SIGNIFICANCE: Smarcal1 and Zranb3 are essential, but nonredundant, for responding to DNA replication stress and stabilizing replication forks following Myc overexpression.See related commentary by Sotiriou and Halazonetis, p. 1297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Puccetti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Clare M Adams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saul Kushinsky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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33
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Li X, Tolbert WD, Hu HG, Gohain N, Zou Y, Niu F, He WX, Yuan W, Su JC, Pazgier M, Lu W. Dithiocarbamate-inspired side chain stapling chemistry for peptide drug design. Chem Sci 2018; 10:1522-1530. [PMID: 30809370 PMCID: PMC6357863 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel peptide stapling strategy based on the dithiocarbamate chemistry linking the side chains of residues Lys(i) and Cys(i + 4) of unprotected peptides is developed.
Two major pharmacological hurdles severely limit the widespread use of small peptides as therapeutics: poor proteolytic stability and membrane permeability. Importantly, low aqueous solubility also impedes the development of peptides for clinical use. Various elaborate side chain stapling chemistries have been developed for α-helical peptides to circumvent this problem, with considerable success in spite of inevitable limitations. Here we report a novel peptide stapling strategy based on the dithiocarbamate chemistry linking the side chains of residues Lys(i) and Cys(i + 4) of unprotected peptides and apply it to a series of dodecameric peptide antagonists of the p53-inhibitory oncogenic proteins MDM2 and MDMX. Crystallographic studies of peptide–MDM2/MDMX complexes structurally validated the chemoselectivity of the dithiocarbamate staple bridging Lys and Cys at (i, i + 4) positions. One dithiocarbamate-stapled PMI derivative, DTCPMI, showed a 50-fold stronger binding to MDM2 and MDMX than its linear counterpart. Importantly, in contrast to PMI and its linear derivatives, the DTCPMI peptide actively traversed the cell membrane and killed HCT116 tumor cells in vitro by activating the tumor suppressor protein p53. Compared with other known stapling techniques, our solution-based DTC stapling chemistry is simple, cost-effective, regio-specific and environmentally friendly, promising an important new tool for the development of peptide therapeutics with improved pharmacological properties including aqueous solubility, proteolytic stability and membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China.,Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - W David Tolbert
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Hong-Gang Hu
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Yan Zou
- School of Pharmacy , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Fan Niu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Wang-Xiao He
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Weirong Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Jia-Can Su
- Changhai Hospital , Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433 , China .
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Maryland , School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA . ;
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34
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Saadatzadeh MR, Elmi AN, Pandya PH, Bijangi-Vishehsaraei K, Ding J, Stamatkin CW, Cohen-Gadol AA, Pollok KE. The Role of MDM2 in Promoting Genome Stability versus Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102216. [PMID: 29065514 PMCID: PMC5666895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer, the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is an oncoprotein that contributes to the promotion of cell growth, survival, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. The impact of MDM2 on cell survival versus cell death is complex and dependent on levels of MDM2 isoforms, p53 status, and cellular context. Extensive investigations have demonstrated that MDM2 protein–protein interactions with p53 and other p53 family members (p63 and p73) block their ability to function as transcription factors that regulate cell growth and survival. Upon genotoxic insults, a dynamic and intricately regulated DNA damage response circuitry is activated leading to release of p53 from MDM2 and activation of cell cycle arrest. What ensues following DNA damage, depends on the extent of DNA damage and if the cell has sufficient DNA repair capacity. The well-known auto-regulatory loop between p53-MDM2 provides an additional layer of control as the cell either repairs DNA damage and survives (i.e., MDM2 re-engages with p53), or undergoes cell death (i.e., MDM2 does not re-engage p53). Furthermore, the decision to live or die is also influenced by chromatin-localized MDM2 which directly interacts with the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex and inhibits DNA damage-sensing giving rise to the potential for increased genome instability and cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Reza Saadatzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 1044 West Walnut Street R4 302, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5525, USA.
| | - Adily N Elmi
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Pankita H Pandya
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | | | - Jixin Ding
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 1044 West Walnut Street R4 302, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5525, USA.
| | - Christopher W Stamatkin
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 1044 West Walnut Street R4 302, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5525, USA.
| | | | - Karen E Pollok
- Department of Pediatrics (Division of Hematology/Oncology), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, 1044 West Walnut Street R4 302, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5525, USA.
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