1
|
Wang J, Du J, Wang Y, Song Y, Wu J, Wang T, Yu Z, Song B. CILP2 promotes hypertrophic scar through Snail acetylation by interaction with ACLY. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167202. [PMID: 38670440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a skin fibroproliferative disorder occurring after burns, surgeries or traumatic injuries, and it has caused a tremendous economic and medical burden. Its molecular mechanism is associated with the abnormal proliferation and transition of fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP2), highly homologous to cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 (CILP1), is mainly secreted predominantly from chondrocytes in the middle/deeper layers of articular cartilage. Recent reports indicate that CILP2 is involved in the development of fibrotic diseases. We investigated the role of CILP2 in the progression of HS. METHODS AND RESULTS It was found in this study that CILP2 expression was significantly higher in HS than in normal skin, especially in myofibroblasts. In a clinical cohort, we discovered that CILP2 was more abundant in the serum of patients with HS, especially in the early stage of HS. In vitro studies indicated that knockdown of CILP2 suppressed proliferation, migration, myofibroblast activation and collagen synthesis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs). Further, we revealed that CILP2 interacts with ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), in which CILP2 stabilizes the expression of ACLY by reducing the ubiquitination of ACLY, therefore prompting Snail acetylation and avoiding reduced expression of Snail. In vivo studies indicated that knockdown of CILP2 or ACLY inhibitor, SB-204990, significantly alleviated HS formation. CONCLUSION CILP2 exerts a vital role in hypertrophic scar formation and might be a detectable biomarker reflecting the progression of hypertrophic scar and a therapeutic target for hypertrophic scar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Junzheng Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ito K, Harada I, Martinez C, Sato K, Lee E, Port E, Byerly JH, Nayak A, Tripathi E, Zhu J, Irie HY. MARCH2, a Novel Oncogene-regulated SNAIL E3 Ligase, Suppresses Triple-negative Breast Cancer Metastases. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:946-957. [PMID: 38457262 PMCID: PMC10977041 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer promotes metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. A subset of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits a mesenchymal gene signature that is associated with poor patient outcomes. We previously identified PTK6 tyrosine kinase as an oncogenic driver of EMT in a subset of TNBC. PTK6 induces EMT by stabilizing SNAIL, a key EMT-initiating transcriptional factor. Inhibition of PTK6 activity reverses mesenchymal features of TNBC cells and suppresses their metastases by promoting SNAIL degradation via a novel mechanism. In the current study, we identify membrane-associated RING-CH2 (MARCH2) as a novel PTK6-regulated E3 ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of SNAIL protein. The MARCH2 RING domain is critical for SNAIL ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. PTK6 inhibition promotes the interaction of MARCH2 with SNAIL. Overexpression of MARCH2 exhibits tumor suppressive properties and phenocopies the effects of SNAIL downregulation and PTK6 inhibition in TNBC cells, such as inhibition of migration, anoikis resistance, and metastasis. Consistent with this, higher levels of MARCH2 expression in breast and other cancers are associated with better prognosis. We have identified MARCH2 as a novel SNAIL E3 ligase that regulates EMT and metastases of mesenchymal TNBC. SIGNIFICANCE EMT is a process directly linked to drug resistance and metastasis of cancer cells. We identified MARCH2 as a novel regulator of SNAIL, a key EMT driver, that promotes SNAIL ubiquitination and degradation in TNBC cells. MARCH2 is oncogene regulated and inhibits growth and metastasis of TNBC. These insights could contribute to novel strategies to therapeutically target TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ito
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Ibuki Harada
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Criseyda Martinez
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Katsutoshi Sato
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Elisa Port
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Jessica H Byerly
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anupma Nayak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ekta Tripathi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jun Zhu
- Sema4, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Hanna Y Irie
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li G, Ma L, Feng C, Yin H, Bao J, Wu D, Zhang Z, Li X, Li Z, Yang C, Wang H, Fang F, Hu X, Li M, Xu L, Xu Y, Liang H, Yang T, Wang J, Pan J. MZ1, a BRD4 inhibitor, exerted its anti-cancer effects by suppressing SDC1 in glioblastoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:220. [PMID: 38365636 PMCID: PMC10870565 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is a relatively prevalent primary tumor of the central nervous system in children, characterized by its high malignancy and mortality rates, along with the intricate challenges of achieving complete surgical resection. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the crucial role of super-enhancers (SEs) in the occurrence and development of GBM. This study embarks on the task of evaluating the effectiveness of MZ1, an inhibitor of BRD4 meticulously designed to specifically target SEs, within the intricate framework of GBM. METHODS The clinical data of GBM patients was sourced from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2), and the gene expression data of tumor cell lines was derived from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). The impact of MZ1 on GBM was assessed through CCK-8, colony formation assays, EdU incorporation analysis, flow cytometry, and xenograft mouse models. The underlying mechanism was investigated through RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses. RESULTS In this investigation, we made a noteworthy observation that MZ1 exhibited a substantial reduction in the proliferation of GBM cells by effectively degrading BRD4. Additionally, MZ1 displayed a notable capability in inducing significant cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in GBM cells. These findings were in line with our in vitro outcomes. Notably, MZ1 administration resulted in a remarkable decrease in tumor size within the xenograft model with diminished toxicity. Furthermore, on a mechanistic level, the administration of MZ1 resulted in a significant suppression of pivotal genes closely associated with cell cycle regulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interestingly, our analysis of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data unveiled the discovery of a novel prospective oncogene, SDC1, which assumed a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and progression of GBM. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings revealed that MZ1 effectively disrupted the aberrant transcriptional regulation of oncogenes in GBM by degradation of BRD4. This positions MZ1 as a promising candidate in the realm of therapeutic options for GBM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Liya Ma
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Yin
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Bao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Zimu Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohan Hu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China
| | - Hansi Liang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P.R. China
| | - Tianquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chuang YM, Tzeng SF, Ho PC, Tsai CH. Immunosurveillance encounters cancer metabolism. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:471-488. [PMID: 38216787 PMCID: PMC10897436 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reprogram nutrient acquisition and metabolic pathways to meet their energetic, biosynthetic, and redox demands. Similarly, metabolic processes in immune cells support host immunity against cancer and determine differentiation and fate of leukocytes. Thus, metabolic deregulation and imbalance in immune cells within the tumor microenvironment have been reported to drive immune evasion and to compromise therapeutic outcomes. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that anti-tumor immunity could modulate tumor heterogeneity, aggressiveness, and metabolic reprogramming, suggesting that immunosurveillance can instruct cancer progression in multiple dimensions. This review summarizes our current understanding of how metabolic crosstalk within tumors affects immunogenicity of tumor cells and promotes cancer progression. Furthermore, we explain how defects in the metabolic cascade can contribute to developing dysfunctional immune responses against cancers and discuss the contribution of immunosurveillance to these defects as a feedback mechanism. Finally, we highlight ongoing clinical trials and new therapeutic strategies targeting cellular metabolism in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sheue-Fen Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Chin-Hsien Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Zheng C, Liu Y, Sun H, Qian Y, Fan H. Co-overexpression of BRD4 and CDK7 promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in HCC. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24389. [PMID: 38293462 PMCID: PMC10826729 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of critical components of the trans-acting super-enhancers (SE) complex contributes to the continuous and robust transcription of oncogenes in human cancers. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting core-transcriptional components such as transcriptional bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4) and cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) have been developed and are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical testing in several malignant cancers. By analysis of TCGA data and clinical specimens, we demonstrated that BRD4 and CDK7 were frequently overexpressed in human HCCs and were associated with the poor prognosis. Shorter survival and poorly differentiated histology were linked to high BRD4 or CDK7 expression levels. Interestingly, co-overexpression of BRD4 and CDK7 was a more unfavorable prognostic factor in HCC. Treatment with JQ1 or THZ1 alone exhibited an inhibitory impact on the proliferation of HCC cells, while JQ1 synergized with THZ1 showed a more pronounced suppression. Concurrently, a combined JQ1 and THZ1 treatment abolished the transcription of oncogenes ETV4, MYC, NFE2L2. Our study suggested that BRD4 and CDK7 coupled can be a valuable biomarker in HCC diagnosis and the combination of JQ1 and THZ1 can be a promising therapeutic treatment against HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuqian Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang T, Xia Y, Li Y, Lu C, Lin J, Shen Y, Lv J, Xie L, Gu C, Xu Z, Wang L. TRIM29 promotes antitumor immunity through enhancing IGF2BP1 ubiquitination and subsequent PD-L1 downregulation in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 581:216510. [PMID: 38029830 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 29 (TRIM29) is a member of TRIM family protein which has been reported to play a role in the progress of inflammatory and cancer diseases. However, its specific role in gastric cancer (GC) has yet to be fully understood. Here, we investigated the expression of TRIM29 in gastric cancer and its functions in the antitumor immunity. TRIM29 expression was lower in tumor tissues than that in paired normal tissues. Lower expression of TRIM29 was related to aberrant hypermethylation of CpG islands in TRIM29 gene. Comprehensive proteomics and immunoprecipitation analyses identified IGF2BP1 as TRIM29 interactors. TRIM29 interacted with IGF2BP1 and induced its ubiquitination at Lys440 and Lys450 site by K48-mediated linkage for protein degradation. IGF2BP1 promoted PD-L1 mRNA stability and expression in a 3'UTR and m6A-dependent manner. Functionally, TRIM29 enhanced antitumor T-cell immunity in gastric cancer dependent on the IGF2BP1/PD-L1 axis in vivo and in vitro. Clinical correlation analysis revealed that TRIM29 expression in patient samples was associated with CD8+ immune cell infiltration in the GC microenvironment and the overall survival rates of GC patients. Our findings revealed a crucial role of TRIM29 in regulating the antitumor T-cell immunity in GC. We also suggested that the TRIM29/IGF2BP1/PD-L1 axis could be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of gastric cancer and a promising target for GC immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiwen Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yikai Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jialun Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang M, Huang H, Wei M, Sun M, Deng G, Hu S, Wang H, Gong Y. Overexpression of BRD4 in Gastric Cancer and its Clinical Significance as a Novel Therapeutic Target. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:167-177. [PMID: 37282642 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230606164030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRD4 is a member of the bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family of proteins, containing two bromodomains and one extra terminal domain, and is overexpressed in several human malignancies. However, its expression in gastric cancer has not yet been well illustrated. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the overexpression of BRD4 in gastric cancer and its clinical significance as a novel therapeutic target. METHODS Fresh gastric cancer tissues and paraffin-embedded specimens of gastric cancer patients were collected, and the BRD4 expression was examined by Western Blot Analysis (WB) and Immunohistochemistry Analysis (IHC), respectively. The possible relationship between BRD4 expression and the clinicopathological features as well as survival in gastric cancer patients was analyzed. The effect of BRD4 silencing on human gastric cancer cell lines was investigated by MTT assay, WB, wound healing assay, and Transwell invasion. RESULTS The results showed that the expression level in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues, respectively (P < 0.01). BRD4 expression level in gastric cancer tissues was strongly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiated degree (P = 0.033), regional lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.038), clinical staging (P = 0.002), and survival situation (P = 0.000), while the gender (P = 0.564), age (P = 0.926) and infiltrating depth (P = 0.619) of patients were not associated. Increased BRD4 expression resulted in poor overall survival (P = 0.003). In in vitro assays, BRD4 small interfering RNA resulted in significantly decreased BRD4 protein expression, therefore inhibiting proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSION BRD4 might be a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Meijiao Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengjia Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guojin Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the People's Hospital of Jimo, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuiqing Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the People's Hospital of Jimo, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the People's Hospital of Jimo, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang C, Pan G, Qin JJ. Role of F-box proteins in human upper gastrointestinal tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189035. [PMID: 38049014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination and degradation is an essential physiological process in almost all organisms. As the key participants in this process, the E3 ubiquitin ligases have been widely studied and recognized. F-box proteins, a crucial component of E3 ubiquitin ligases that regulates diverse biological functions, including cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis by facilitating the degradation of substrate proteins. Currently, there is an increasing focus on studying the role of F-box proteins in cancer. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the significant contributions of F-box proteins to the development of upper gastrointestinal tumors, highlighting their dual roles as both carcinogens and tumor suppressors. We delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of F-box proteins in upper gastrointestinal tumors, exploring their interactions with specific substrates and their cross-talks with other key signaling pathways. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of F-box proteins in radiotherapy resistance in the upper gastrointestinal tract, emphasizing their potential as clinical therapeutic and prognostic targets. Overall, this review provides an up-to-date understanding of the intricate involvement of F-box proteins in human upper gastrointestinal tumors, offering valuable insights for the identification of prognostic markers and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che Zhang
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guangzhao Pan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim SH, Ryu KJ, Hong KS, Kim H, Han H, Kim M, Kim T, Ok DW, Yang JW, Hwangbo C, Kim KD, Yoo J. ERK3 Increases Snail Protein Stability by Inhibiting FBXO11-Mediated Snail Ubiquitination. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:105. [PMID: 38201533 PMCID: PMC10777929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Snail is a key regulator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the key step in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of tumors. Although induction of Snail transcription precedes the induction of EMT, the post-translational regulation of Snail is also important in determining Snail protein levels, stability, and its ability to induce EMT. Several kinases are known to enhance the stability of the Snail protein by preventing its ubiquitination; however, the precise molecular mechanisms by which these kinases prevent Snail ubiquitination remain unclear. Here, we identified ERK3 as a novel kinase that interacts with Snail and enhances its protein stability. Although ERK3 could not directly phosphorylate Snail, Erk3 increased Snail protein stability by inhibiting the binding of FBXO11, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can induce Snail ubiquitination and degradation, to Snail. Importantly, functional studies and analysis of clinical samples indicated the crucial role of ERK3 in the regulation of Snail protein stability in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we conclude that ERK3 is a key regulator for enhancing Snail protein stability in pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting the interaction between Snail and FBXO11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Ki-Jun Ryu
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Keun-Seok Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Hyeontak Han
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Dong Woo Ok
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Jung Wook Yang
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (K.-J.R.); (K.-S.H.); (H.K.); (H.H.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (D.W.O.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duan B, Zhou X, Zhang X, Qiu F, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yang J, Wang J, Tan W. BRD4-binding enhancer promotes CRC progression by interacting with YY1 to activate the Wnt pathway through upregulation of TCF7L2. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115877. [PMID: 37879498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), one of the most life-threatening cancer types, is associated with aberrant expression of epigenetic modifiers and activation of the Wnt pathway. However, the role of epigenetic regulators in driving cancer cell proliferation and their potential as therapeutic targets affecting the Wnt pathway remain unclear. In this study, BRD4 was found to promote the progression of CRC both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of BRD4 correlated with shortened CRC patient survival. In addition, BRD4 function was strongly correlated with the Wnt pathway, but rather through regulation of TCF7L2 at transcriptional levels. BRD4 and H3K27ac have overlapping occupancies in the cis-regulatory elements of TCF7L2, suggesting enhancer-based epigenetic regulation. Numerous YY1 binding sites were found in the abovementioned region. YY1 recruited BRD4 to bind to cis-regulatory elements of TCF7L2, thereby regulating the expression of TCF7L2. Altogether, this study validates that BRD4 performs a canonical epigenetic regulatory function in CRC and can be used in the treatment of Wnt pathway-dependent CRC or other malignancies with clinically available bromodomain inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xuwei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fenglan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenfu Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Talukdar PD, Chatterji U. Transcriptional co-activators: emerging roles in signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:427. [PMID: 37953273 PMCID: PMC10641101 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific cell states in metazoans are established by the symphony of gene expression programs that necessitate intricate synergic interactions between transcription factors and the co-activators. Deregulation of these regulatory molecules is associated with cell state transitions, which in turn is accountable for diverse maladies, including developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, and most significantly, cancer. A decade back most transcription factors, the key enablers of disease development, were historically viewed as 'undruggable'; however, in the intervening years, a wealth of literature validated that they can be targeted indirectly through transcriptional co-activators, their confederates in various physiological and molecular processes. These co-activators, along with transcription factors, have the ability to initiate and modulate transcription of diverse genes necessary for normal physiological functions, whereby, deregulation of such interactions may foster tissue-specific disease phenotype. Hence, it is essential to analyze how these co-activators modulate specific multilateral processes in coordination with other factors. The proposed review attempts to elaborate an in-depth account of the transcription co-activators, their involvement in transcription regulation, and context-specific contributions to pathophysiological conditions. This review also addresses an issue that has not been dealt with in a comprehensive manner and hopes to direct attention towards future research that will encompass patient-friendly therapeutic strategies, where drugs targeting co-activators will have enhanced benefits and reduced side effects. Additional insights into currently available therapeutic interventions and the associated constraints will eventually reveal multitudes of advanced therapeutic targets aiming for disease amelioration and good patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dey Talukdar
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Urmi Chatterji
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qu J, Li P, Sun Z. Histone lactylation regulates cancer progression by reshaping the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284344. [PMID: 37965331 PMCID: PMC10641494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major product of glycolysis and a vital signaling molecule, many studies have reported the key role of lactate in tumor progression and cell fate determination. Lactylation is a newly discovered post-translational modification induced by lactate. On the one hand, lactylation introduced a new era of lactate metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and on the other hand, it provided a key breakthrough point for elucidation of the interaction between tumor metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modification. Studies have shown that the lactylation of tumor cells, tumor stem cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in TME can participate in the development of cancer through downstream transcriptional regulation, and is a potential and promising tumor treatment target. This review summarized the discovery and effects of lactylation, as well as recent research on histone lactylation regulating cancer progression through reshaping TME. We also focused on new strategies to enhance anti-tumor effects via targeting lactylation. Finally, we discussed the limitations of existing studies and proposed new perspectives for future research in order to further explore lactylation targets. It may provide a new way and direction to improve tumor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junxing Qu
- Institutes of Health Central Plains, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peizhi Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Xinxiang City, The Fifth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhiheng Sun
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, Liu H, Ye M, Jiang M, Chen X, Song G, Ji H, Wang ZW, Zhu X. Methylation of BRD4 by PRMT1 regulates BRD4 phosphorylation and promotes ovarian cancer invasion. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:624. [PMID: 37737256 PMCID: PMC10517134 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), the major component of bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family, has important functions in early embryonic development and cancer development. However, the posttranslational modification of BRD4 is not well understood. Multiple approaches were used to explore the mechanism of PRMT1-mediated BRD4 methylation and to determine the biological functions of BRD4 and PRMT1 in ovarian cancer. Here we report that BRD4 is asymmetrically methylated at R179/181/183 by PRMT1, which is antagonized by the Jumonji-family demethylase, JMJD6. PRMT1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer tissue and is a potential marker for poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Silencing of PRMT1 inhibited ovarian cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion in vivo and in vitro. PRMT1-mediated BRD4 methylation was found to promote BRD4 phosphorylation. Compared to BRD4 wild-type (WT) cells, BRD4 R179/181/183K mutant-expressing cells showed reduced ovarian cancer metastasis. BRD4 arginine methylation is also associated with TGF-β signaling. Our results indicate that arginine methylation of BRD4 by PRMT1 is involved in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Targeting PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation may provide a novel diagnostic target and an effective therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hejing Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengying Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gendi Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huihui Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Elshazly AM, Gewirtz DA. Cytoprotective, Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Roles of Autophagy in Response to BET Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12669. [PMID: 37628849 PMCID: PMC10454099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family inhibitors are small molecules that target the dysregulated epigenetic readers, BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT, at various transcription-related sites, including super-enhancers. BET inhibitors are currently under investigation both in pre-clinical cell culture and tumor-bearing animal models, as well as in clinical trials. However, as is the case with other chemotherapeutic modalities, the development of resistance is likely to constrain the therapeutic benefits of this strategy. One tumor cell survival mechanism that has been studied for decades is autophagy. Although four different functions of autophagy have been identified in the literature (cytoprotective, cytotoxic, cytostatic and non-protective), primarily the cytoprotective and cytotoxic forms appear to function in different experimental models exposed to BET inhibitors (with some evidence for the cytostatic form). This review provides an overview of the cytoprotective, cytotoxic and cytostatic functions of autophagy in response to BET inhibitors in various tumor models. Our aim is to determine whether autophagy targeting or modulation could represent an effective therapeutic strategy to enhance the response to these modalities and also potentially overcome resistance to BET inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - David A. Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rana M, Kansal RG, Bisunke B, Fang J, Shibata D, Bajwa A, Yang J, Glazer ES. Bromo- and Extra-Terminal Domain Inhibitors Induce Mitochondrial Stress in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:936-946. [PMID: 37294884 PMCID: PMC10527726 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying novel, unique, and personalized molecular targets for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains the greatest challenge in altering the biology of fatal tumors. Bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are activated in a noncanonical fashion by TGFβ, a ubiquitous cytokine in the PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that BET inhibitors (BETi) represent a new class of drugs that attack PDAC tumors via a novel mechanism. Using a combination of patient and syngeneic murine models, we investigated the effects of the BETi drug BMS-986158 on cellular proliferation, organoid growth, cell-cycle progression, and mitochondrial metabolic disruption. These were investigated independently and in combination with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy (gemcitabine + paclitaxel [GemPTX]). BMS-986158 reduced cell viability and proliferation across multiple PDAC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, even more so in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy (P < 0.0001). We found that BMS-986158 reduced both human and murine PDAC organoid growth (P < 0.001), with associated perturbations in the cell cycle leading to cell-cycle arrest. BMS-986158 disrupts normal cancer-dependent mitochondrial function, leading to aberrant mitochondrial metabolism and stress via dysfunctional cellular respiration, proton leakage, and ATP production. We demonstrated mechanistic and functional data that BETi induces metabolic mitochondrial dysfunction, abrogating PDAC progression and proliferation, alone and in combination with systemic cytotoxic chemotherapies. This novel approach improves the therapeutic window in patients with PDAC and offers another treatment approach distinct from cytotoxic chemotherapy that targets cancer cell bioenergetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjul Rana
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Rita G. Kansal
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Bijay Bisunke
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - David Shibata
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Transplant Research Institute, James D. Eason Transplant Institute, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Evan S. Glazer
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sample RA, Nogueira MF, Mitra RD, Puram SV. Epigenetic regulation of hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal cell states in cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2237-2248. [PMID: 37344626 PMCID: PMC10578205 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain mesenchymal phenotypes. In cancer, EMT is thought to drive tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent efforts to understand EMT biology have uncovered that cells undergoing EMT attain a spectrum of intermediate "hybrid E/M" states, which exist along an epithelial-mesenchymal continuum. Here, we summarize recent studies characterizing the epigenetic drivers of hybrid E/M states. We focus on the histone-modification writers, erasers, and readers that assist or oppose the canonical hybrid E/M transcription factors that modulate hybrid E/M state transitions. We also examine the role of chromatin remodelers and DNA methylation in hybrid E/M states. Finally, we highlight the challenges of targeting hybrid E/M pharmacologically, and we propose future directions that might reveal the specific and targetable mechanisms by which hybrid E/M drives metastasis in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reilly A Sample
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marina F Nogueira
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robi D Mitra
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yoodee S, Thongboonkerd V. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition during cancer development. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 380:1-61. [PMID: 37657856 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays essential roles in promoting malignant transformation of epithelial cells, leading to cancer progression and metastasis. During EMT-induced cancer development, a wide variety of genes are dramatically modified, especially down-regulation of epithelial-related genes and up-regulation of mesenchymal-related genes. Expression of other EMT-related genes is also modified during the carcinogenic process. Especially, epigenetic modifications are observed in the EMT-related genes, indicating their involvement in cancer development. Mechanically, epigenetic modifications of histone, DNA, mRNA and non-coding RNA stably change the EMT-related gene expression at transcription and translation levels. Herein, we summarize current knowledge on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms observed in EMT process relate to cancer development in humans. The better understanding of epigenetic regulation of EMT during cancer development may lead to improvement of drug design and preventive strategies in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zou Q, Liu M, Liu K, Zhang Y, North BJ, Wang B. E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer stem cells: key regulators of cancer hallmarks and novel therapeutic opportunities. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:545-570. [PMID: 36745329 PMCID: PMC10910623 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human malignancies are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations of cancer cells with phenotypic and functional diversity. Among them, a unique subset of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has both the capacity for self-renewal and the potential to differentiate and contribute to multiple tumor properties. As such, CSCs are promising cellular targets for effective cancer therapy. At the molecular level, hyper-activation of multiple stemness regulatory signaling pathways and downstream transcription factors play critical roles in controlling CSCs establishment and maintenance. To regulate CSC properties, these stemness pathways are controlled by post-translational modifications including, but not limited to phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, and ubiquitination. CONCLUSION In this review, we focus on E3 ubiquitin ligases and their roles and mechanisms in regulating essential hallmarks of CSCs, such as self-renewal, invasion and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, we discuss emerging therapeutic approaches to eliminate CSCs through targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases by chemical inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTACs) which are currently under development at the discovery, preclinical, and clinical stages. Several outstanding issues such as roles for E3 ubiquitin ligases in heterogeneity and phenotypical/functional evolution of CSCs remain to be studied under pathologically and clinically relevant conditions. With the rapid application of functional genomic and proteomic approaches at single cell, spatiotemporal, and even single molecule levels, we anticipate that more specific and precise functions of E3 ubiquitin ligases will be delineated in dictating CSC properties. Rational design and proper translation of these mechanistic understandings may lead to novel therapeutic modalities for cancer procession medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University Medical School, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Brian J North
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Duan W, Yu M, Chen J. BRD4: New Hope in the Battle Against Glioblastoma. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106767. [PMID: 37061146 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The BET family proteins, comprising BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4, represent epigenetic readers of acetylated histone marks that play pleiotropic roles in the tumorigenesis and growth of multiple human malignancies, including glioblastoma (GBM). A growing body of investigation has proven BET proteins as valuable therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Recently, several BRD4 inhibitors and degraders have been reported to successfully suppress GBM in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the precise role and mechanism of BRD4 in the pathogenesis of GBM have not been fully elucidated or summarized. This review focuses on summarizing the roles and mechanisms of BRD4 in the context of the initiation and development of GBM. In addition, several BRD4 inhibitors have been evaluated for therapeutic purposes as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapies. Here, we provide a critical appraisal of studies evaluating various BRD4 inhibitors and degraders as novel treatment strategies against GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Duan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang H, Liu L, Liu J, Dang P, Hu S, Yuan W, Sun Z, Liu Y, Wang C. Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for solid cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:58. [PMID: 36941614 PMCID: PMC10029244 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), benefits only a tiny proportion of patients in solid cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) acts a significant role in tumor immunotherapy. Studies reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as one of the main components of TME, seriously affected the therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In this review, we analyzed TAMs from epigenetic and single-cell perspectives and introduced the role and mechanisms of TAMs in anti-programmed death protein 1(anti-PD-1) therapy. In addition, we summarized combination regimens that enhance the efficacy of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and elaborated on the role of the TAMs in different solid cancers. Eventually, the clinical value of TAMs by influencing the therapeutic effect of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was discussed. These above are beneficial to elucidate poor therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in solid tumors from the point of view of TAMs and explore the strategies to improve its objective remission rate of solid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pengyuan Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shengyun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Henan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Chengzeng Wang
- Henan Institute of Interconnected Intelligent Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li L, Gao L, Zhou H, Shi C, Zhang X, Zhang D, Liu H. High Expression Level of BRD4 Is Associated with a Poor Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07907-3. [PMID: 36933111 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07907-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a reader of histone acetylation and is associated with a variety of diseases. AIM To investigate the expression level of BRD4 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), its prognostic value and its relationship with immune infiltration. METHODS The study included 94 ESCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 179 ESCC patients from Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University. The expression levels of proteins in tissue microarray were detected by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic factors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve and univariate and multivariate cox regression. The ESTIMATE website was used to calculate the stromal, immune and ESTIMATE score. CIBERSORT was used to calculate the abundance of immune infiltrates. Spearman and Phi coefficient were used for correlation analysis. The TIDE algorithm was used to predict treatment response to immune checkpoint blockade. RESULTS BRD4 is up-regulated in ESCC, and high BRD4 expression level is associated with poor prognosis and adverse clinicopathological features. In addition, the monocyte count, systemic inflammatory-immunologic index, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio in the BRD4 high expression level group were higher than in the low expression level group. Finally, we found that BRD4 expression level correlated with immune infiltration and that it was inversely correlated with infiltration of CD8 + T cells. Higher TIDE scores in the BRD4 high expression group than in the low expression group. CONCLUSION BRD4 is associated with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in ESCC, and may be a potential biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Shengli Road No. 666, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Shengli Road No. 666, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Shengli Road No. 666, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Shengli Road No. 666, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Shengli Road No. 666, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao W, Yang H, Liu L, Qu X, Ding J, Yu H, Xu B, Zhao S, Xi G, Xing L, Chai J. OASL knockdown inhibits the progression of stomach adenocarcinoma by regulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22824. [PMID: 36809539 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201582r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OASL) on the biological functions of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) cells and tumor formation in nude mice. The differential expression levels of OASL in the different cancer types from TCGA dataset were analyzed using gene expression profiling interactive analysis. Overall survival and the receiver operating characteristic were analyzed using the KM plotter and R, respectively. Furthermore, OASL expression and its effects on the biological functions of STAD cells were detected. The possible upstream transcription factors of OASL were predicted using JASPAR. The downstream signaling pathways of OASL were analyzed using GSEA. Tumor formation experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of OASL on tumor formation in nude mice. The results showed that OASL was highly expressed in STAD tissues and cell lines. OASL knockdown markedly inhibited cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion and accelerated STAD cell apoptosis. Conversely, OASL overexpression had the opposite effect on STAD cells. JASPAR analysis revealed that STAT1 is an upstream transcription factor of OASL. Furthermore, GSEA showed that OASL activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway in STAD. The protein expression levels of p-mTOR and p-RPS6KB1 were suppressed by OASL knockdown and promoted by OASL overexpression. The mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, markedly reversed the effect of OASL overexpression on STAD cells. Additionally, OASL promoted tumor formation and increased tumor weight and volume in vivo. In conclusion, OASL knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor formation of STAD cells by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Haiying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Luguang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianlin Qu
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jishuang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Botao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Siwei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangmin Xi
- College of Life Science, Qi Lu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiology, Shandong University Cancer Center, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chai
- Department of Gastroenterological surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ke S, Wang J, Lu J, Fang M, Li R. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 00858 participates in the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the activation of the FTO-m6A-MYC axis by recruiting ZNF184. Genomics 2023; 115:110593. [PMID: 36868327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed at probing impact of LINC00858 on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression via ZNF184-FTO-m6A-MYC axis. METHODS Expression of related genes (LINC00858, ZNF184, FTO, and MYC) was detected in ESCC tissues or cells and their relationships were assessed. After expression alterations in ESCC cells, cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis were detected. Tumor formation in nude mice was conducted. RESULTS LINC00858, ZNF184, FTO, and MYC were overexpressed in ESCC tissues and cells. LINC00858 enhanced ZNF184 expression to upregulate FTO, which augmented MYC expression. LINC00858 knockdown diminished ESCC cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive properties while elevating apoptosis, which was negated by FTO overexpression. FTO knockdown exerted similar functions of LINC00858 knockdown on ESCC cell movements, which was annulled by MYC upregulation. Silencing LINC00858 repressed tumor growth and related gene expression in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS LINC00858 modulated MYC m6A modification via FTO by recruiting ZNF184, thus facilitating ESCC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Ke
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Minghao Fang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Department of General Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Feng M, Xu H, Zhou W, Pan Y. The BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 augments the antitumor efficacy of abemaciclib in preclinical models of gastric carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:44. [PMID: 36755269 PMCID: PMC9909925 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer (GC) is a lethal malignancy, harboring recurrent alterations in cell cycle pathway, especially the CDKN2A-CDK4/CDK6/CCND1 axis. However, monotherapy of CDK4/6 inhibitors has shown limited antitumor effects for GC, and combination treatments were urgently needed for CDK4/6 inhibitors. METHODS Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis, including drug screening, pan-cancer genomic dependency analysis, and epigenetic sequencing to identify the candidate combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Mechanisms were investigated by bulk RNA-sequencing and experimental validation was conducted on diverse in vitro or in vivo preclinical GC models. RESULTS We found that the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 augments the antitumor efficacy of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib (ABE). Diverse in vitro and in vivo preclinical GC models are examined and synergistic benefits from the combination therapy are obtained consistently. Mechanistically, the combination of ABE and JQ1 enhances the cell cycle arrest of GC cells and induces unique characteristics of cellular senescence through the induction of DNA damage, which is revealed by transcriptomic profiling and further validated by substantial in vitro and in vivo GC models. CONCLUSION This study thus proposes a candidate combination therapy of ABE and JQ1 to improve the therapeutic efficacy and worth further investigation in clinical trials for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Hao Xu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing, 100034 China
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- grid.412474.00000 0001 0027 0586NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Yisheng Pan
- Division of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No. 8 Xi Shiku Street, Beijing, 100034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pooladanda V, Thatikonda S, Priya Muvvala S, Godugu C. Acute respiratory distress syndrome enhances tumor metastasis into lungs: Role of BRD4 in the tumor microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109701. [PMID: 36641892 PMCID: PMC9827001 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with severe lung inflammation, edema, hypoxia, and high vascular permeability. The COVID-19-associated pandemic ARDS caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created dire global conditions and has been highly contagious. Chronic inflammatory disease enhances cancer cell proliferation, progression, and invasion. We investigated how acute lung inflammation activates the tumor microenvironment and enhances lung metastasis in LPS induced in vitro and in vivo models. Respiratory illness is mainly caused by cytokine storm, which further influences oxidative and nitrosative stress. The LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines made the conditions suitable for the tumor microenvironment in the lungs. In the present study, we observed that LPS induced the cytokine storm and promoted lung inflammation via BRD4, which further caused the nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB and STAT3. The transcriptional activation additionally triggers the tumor microenvironment and lung metastasis. Thus, BRD4-regulated p65 and STAT3 transcriptional activity in ARDS enhances lung tumor metastasis. Moreover, LPS-induced ARDS might promote the tumor microenvironment and increase cancer metastasis into the lungs. Collectively, BRD4 plays a vital role in inflammation-mediated tumor metastasis and is found to be a diagnostic and molecular target in inflammation-associated cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India,Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sowjanya Thatikonda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India,Department of Head and Neck‐Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sai Priya Muvvala
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ren L, Yang Y, Li W, Yang H, Zhang Y, Ge B, Zhang S, Du G, Wang J. Recent advances in epigenetic anticancer therapeutics and future perspectives. Front Genet 2023; 13:1085391. [PMID: 36685834 PMCID: PMC9845602 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1085391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development is frequently accompanied by abnormal expression of multiple genomic genes, which can be broadly viewed as decreased expression of tumor suppressor genes and upregulated expression of oncogenes. In this process, epigenetic regulation plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression without alteration of DNA or RNA sequence, including DNA methylation, RNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Therefore, drugs developed for the above epigenetic modulation have entered clinical use or preclinical and clinical research stages, contributing to the development of antitumor drugs greatly. Despite the efficacy of epigenetic drugs in hematologic caners, their therapeutic effects in solid tumors have been less favorable. A growing body of research suggests that epigenetic drugs can be applied in combination with other therapies to increase efficacy and overcome tumor resistance. In this review, the progress of epigenetics in tumor progression and oncology drug development is systematically summarized, as well as its synergy with other oncology therapies. The future directions of epigenetic drug development are described in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jinhua Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shen H, Hu X, Yang X, Chen J, Fu Y, He H, Shi Y, Zeng R, Chang W, Zheng S. Inhibition of BRD4 enhanced the tumor suppression effect of dasatinib in gastric cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:9. [PMID: 36352160 PMCID: PMC9646567 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BRD4, a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family, is elevated in multiple cancer tissues, including gastric cancer (GC). Targeted therapy with BRD4 may help improve the overall survival of patients with GC. Meanwhile, the approved multi-target kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, was recently reported to show varied tumor-suppressive effects in GC cells. This study investigated BRD4 expression in vivo and in vitro using immunohistochemistry and western blotting, respectively. We discussed the relationship between BRD4 expression and patient prognosis. Next, the antitumor efficacy of dasatinib was measured in BRD4-knockdown GC cells to determine the role of BRD4 blockage in dasatinib treatment. Finally, molibresib, a BET inhibitor, was used to measure the cooperative function of BRD4 inhibition and dasatinib treatment in three GC cell lines. Epithelial BRD4 expression was higher in tumoral and metastatic tissues and was strongly associated with unfavorable tumor, node, and metastasis stages and survival. BRD4 expression was heterogeneous in the three GC cell lines tested in vitro. In SGC7901, a BRD4-high GC cell line, knockdown of BRD4 using specific siRNAs suppressed cell growth individually and cooperatively with dasatinib. Moreover, molibresib and dasatinib showed a cooperative effect in suppressing the proliferation of BRD4-high GC cells. In conclusion, we confirmed that increased epithelial BRD4 expression is associated with poor disease stage and prognosis in GC and BRD4 blockage might be a valuable strategy to improve the sensitivity of dasatinib and other drugs in the chemotherapy of advanced GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Yang
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei He
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Shi
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shangyong Zheng
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Miao Y, Mu L, Chen Y, Tang X, Wang J, Quan W, Mi D. Construction and Validation of a Protein-associated Prognostic Model for Gastrointestinal Cancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023; 26:191-206. [PMID: 35430986 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220414105743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is a prevalent and lethal malignant tumor. It is obligatory to investigate innovative biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis. Proteins play a crucial role in regulating the occurrence and progression of GIC. However, the prognostic value of proteins is unclear in GIC. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to identify the hub prognosis-related proteins (PAPs) and construct a prognosis model for GIC patients for clinical application. METHODS Protein expression data of GIC was obtained from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) and downloaded the clinicopathological data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Besides, hub proteins were filtrated via univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Moreover, survival analysis and nomogram were used to predict overall survival (OS). We used the calibration curves to assess the consistency of predictive and actual survival rates. The consistency index (C-index) was used to evaluate the prognostic ability of the predictive model. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis and protein co-expression of PAPs were used to explore their roles in GIC. RESULTS Finally, a prognosis model was conducted based on ten PAPs (CYCLIND1, DVL3, NCADHERIN, SYK, ANNEXIN VII, CD20, CMET, RB, TFRC, and PREX1). The risk score calculated by the model was an independent prognostic predictor. Compared with the high-risk subgroup, the low-risk subgroup had better OS. In the TCGA cohort, the area under the curve value of the receiver operating characteristic curve of the prognostic model was 0.692. The expression of proteins and risk score had a significant association with the clinicopathological characteristics of GIC. Besides, a nomogram based on GIC clinicopathological features and risk scores could properly predict the OS of individual GIC patients. The C-index is 0.71 in the TCGA cohort and 0.73 in the GEO cohort. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the risk score is an independent prognostic biomarker and is related to the malignant clinical features of GIC patients. Besides, several PAPs associated with the survival and clinicopathological characteristics of GIC might be potential biomarkers for GIC diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Miao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
- Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Linjie Mu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Yonggang Chen
- The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Wuxia Quan
- Qingyang People's Hospital, Qingyang City, Gansu Province, P.R. China
| | - Denghai Mi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
- Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shang S, Liu J, Hua F. Protein acylation: mechanisms, biological functions and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:396. [PMID: 36577755 PMCID: PMC9797573 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is involved in the pathogenesis of not only cancers but also neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. With the progress of metabonomics and proteomics, metabolites have been found to affect protein acylations through providing acyl groups or changing the activities of acyltransferases or deacylases. Reciprocally, protein acylation is involved in key cellular processes relevant to physiology and diseases, such as protein stability, protein subcellular localization, enzyme activity, transcriptional activity, protein-protein interactions and protein-DNA interactions. Herein, we summarize the functional diversity and mechanisms of eight kinds of nonhistone protein acylations in the physiological processes and progression of several diseases. We also highlight the recent progress in the development of inhibitors for acyltransferase, deacylase, and acylation reader proteins for their potential applications in drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Hua
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Acetylation of Checkpoint suppressor 1 enhances its stability and promotes the progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:474. [PMID: 36450706 PMCID: PMC9712368 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint suppressor 1 (CHES1), a transcriptional regulator, had been dysregulated in many types of malignancies including breast cancer, and its expression level is strongly associated with progression and prognosis of patients. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of CHES1 expression in the breast cancer and the effects of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on its functional performance remain to be fully investigated. Herein, we found that CHES1 had a high abundance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its expression was tightly associated with malignant phenotype and poor outcomes of patients. Furthermore, we confirmed that CHES1 was an acetylated protein and its dynamic modification was mediated by p300 and HDAC1, and CHES1 acetylation enhanced its stability via decreasing its ubiquitination and degradation, which resulted in the high abundance of CHES1 in TNBC. RNA-seq and functional study revealed that CHES1 facilitated the activation of oncogenic genes and pathways leading to proliferation and metastasis of TNBC. Taken together, this research established a novel regulatory role of acetylation on the stability and activity of CHES1. The results demonstrate the significance of CHES1 acetylation and underlying mechanisms in the progression of TNBC, offering new potential candidate for molecular-targeted therapy in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Nantajit D, Presta L, Sauter T, Tavassoli M. EGFR-induced suppression of HPV E6/E7 is mediated by microRNA-9-5p silencing of BRD4 protein in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:921. [PMID: 36333293 PMCID: PMC9636399 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05269-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
EGFR upregulation is an established biomarker of treatment resistance and aggressiveness in head and neck cancers (HNSCC). EGFR-targeted therapies have shown benefits for HPV-negative HNSCC; surprisingly, inhibiting EGFR in HPV-associated HNSCC led to inferior therapeutic outcomes suggesting opposing roles for EGFR in the two HNSCC subtypes. The current study aimed to understand the link between EGFR and HPV-infected HNSCC particularly the regulation of HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7. We demonstrate that EGFR overexpression suppresses cellular proliferation and increases radiosensitivity of HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines. EGFR overexpression inhibited protein expression of BRD4, a known cellular transcriptional regulator of HPV E6/E7 expression and DNA damage repair facilitator. Inhibition of EGFR by cetuximab restored the expression of BRD4 leading to increased HPV E6 and E7 transcription. Concordantly, pharmacological inhibition of BRD4 led to suppression of HPV E6 and E7 transcription, delayed cellular proliferation and sensitised HPV-positive HNSCC cells to ionising radiation. This effect was shown to be mediated through EGFR-induced upregulation of microRNA-9-5p and consequent silencing of its target BRD4 at protein translational level, repressing HPV E6 and E7 transcription and restoring p53 tumour suppressor functions. These results suggest a novel mechanism for EGFR inhibition of HPV E6/E7 oncoprotein expression through an epigenetic pathway, independent of MAPK, but mediated through microRNA-9-5p/BRD4 regulation. Therefore, targeting EGFR may not be the best course of therapy for certain cancer types including HPV-positive HNSCC, while targeting specific signalling pathways such as BRD4 could provide a better and potentially new treatment to improve HNSCC therapeutic outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danupon Nantajit
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom ,grid.512982.50000 0004 7598 2416Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Luana Presta
- grid.16008.3f0000 0001 2295 9843Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Thomas Sauter
- grid.16008.3f0000 0001 2295 9843Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu Y, Vandekeere A, Xu M, Fendt SM, Altea-Manzano P. Metabolite-derived protein modifications modulating oncogenic signaling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988626. [PMID: 36226054 PMCID: PMC9549695 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant growth is defined by multiple aberrant cellular features, including metabolic rewiring, inactivation of tumor suppressors and the activation of oncogenes. Even though these features have been described as separate hallmarks, many studies have shown an extensive mutual regulatory relationship amongst them. On one hand, the change in expression or activity of tumor suppressors and oncogenes has extensive direct and indirect effects on cellular metabolism, activating metabolic pathways required for malignant growth. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment and tumor intrinsic metabolic alterations result in changes in intracellular metabolite levels, which directly modulate the protein modification of oncogenes and tumor suppressors at both epigenetic and post-translational levels. In this mini-review, we summarize the crosstalk between tumor suppressors/oncogenes and metabolism-induced protein modifications at both levels and explore the impact of metabolic (micro)environments in shaping these.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metaboli Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anke Vandekeere
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metaboli Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metaboli Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sarah-Maria Fendt, ; Patricia Altea-Manzano,
| | - Patricia Altea-Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metaboli Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Sarah-Maria Fendt, ; Patricia Altea-Manzano,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cessna H, Baritaki S, Zaravinos A, Bonavida B. The Role of RKIP in the Regulation of EMT in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194596. [PMID: 36230521 PMCID: PMC9559516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression in cancer cells is significantly reduced and promoting cancer cells growth and invasiveness. Overexpresssion of RKIP has been reported to mediate pleiotropic anti-cancer activities including the inhibition of survival signaling pathways, sensitization to cell death by cytotoxic drugs, inhibition of invasion, EMT and metastasis. The molecular mechanism by which RKIP inhibits EMT is not clear. In this review, we have examined how RKIP inhibits the selected EMT gene products (Snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, laminin alpha) and found that it involves signaling cross-talks between RKIP and each of the EMT gene products. These findings were validated by bioinformatic analyses demonstrating in various human cancers a negative correlation between the expression of RKIP and the expression of the EMT gene products. These findings suggest that targeting RKIP induction in cancer cells will result in multiple hits by inhibiting tumor growth, metastasis and reversal of chemo-immuno resistance. Abstract The Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) is a unique gene product that directly inhibits the Raf/Mek/Erk and NF-kB pathways in cancer cells and resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation, viability, EMT, and metastasis. Additionally, RKIP is involved in the regulation of cancer cell resistance to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The low expression of RKIP expression in many cancer types is responsible, in part, for the pathogenesis of cancer and its multiple properties. The inhibition of EMT and metastasis by RKIP led to its classification as a tumor suppressor. However, the mechanism by which RKIP mediates its inhibitory effects on EMT and metastases was not clear. We have proposed that one mechanism involves the negative regulation by RKIP of the expression of various gene products that mediate the mesenchymal phenotype as well as the positive regulation of gene products that mediate the epithelial phenotype via signaling cross talks between RKIP and each gene product. We examined several EMT mesenchymal gene products such as Snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, laminin and EPCAM and epithelial gene products such as E-cadherin and laminin. We have found that indeed these negative and positive correlations were detected in the signaling cross-talks. In addition, we have also examined bioinformatic data sets on different human cancers and the findings corroborated, in large part, the findings observed in the signaling cross-talks with few exceptions in some cancer types. The overall findings support the underlying mechanism by which the tumor suppressor RKIP regulates the expression of gene products involved in EMT and metastasis. Hence, the development of agent that can selectively induce RKIP expression in cancers with low expressions should result in the activation of the pleiotropic anti-cancer activities of RKIP and resulting in multiple effects including inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, EMT, metastasis and sensitization of resistant tumor cells to respond to both chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cessna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zheng ZZ, Xia L, Hu GS, Liu JY, Hu YH, Chen YJ, Peng JY, Zhang WJ, Liu W. Super-enhancer-controlled positive feedback loop BRD4/ERα-RET-ERα promotes ERα-positive breast cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10230-10248. [PMID: 36124682 PMCID: PMC9561272 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-induced gene transcription is tightly associated with ERα-positive breast carcinogenesis. ERα-occupied enhancers, particularly super-enhancers, have been suggested to play a vital role in regulating such transcriptional events. However, the landscape of ERα-occupied super-enhancers (ERSEs) as well as key ERα-induced target genes associated with ERSEs remain to be fully characterized. Here, we defined the landscape of ERSEs in ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines, and demonstrated that bromodomain protein BRD4 is a master regulator of the transcriptional activation of ERSEs and cognate ERα target genes. RET, a member of the tyrosine protein kinase family of proteins, was identified to be a key ERα target gene of BRD4-regulated ERSEs, which, in turn, is vital for ERα-induced gene transcriptional activation and malignant phenotypes through activating the RAS/RAF/MEK2/ERK/p90RSK/ERα phosphorylation cascade. Combination therapy with BRD4 and RET inhibitors exhibited additive effects on suppressing ERα-positive breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo, comparable with that of standard endocrine therapy tamoxifen. Furthermore, combination therapy re-sensitized a tamoxifen-resistant ERα-positive breast cancer cell line to tamoxifen treatment. Taken together, our data uncovered the critical role of a super-enhancer-associated positive feedback loop constituting BRD4/ERα–RET–ERα in ERα-positive breast cancer, and suggested that targeting components in this loop would provide a new therapeutic avenue for treating ERα-positive breast cancer in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Zao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ya-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jia-Yin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 23, Qingnian Road, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun C, Wang L, Du DD, Ji JB, Yang XX, Yu BF, Shang PF, Guo XL. DSC2 Suppresses the Metastasis of Gastric Cancer through Inhibiting the BRD4/Snail Signaling Pathway and the Transcriptional Activity of β-Catenin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4813571. [PMID: 36120591 PMCID: PMC9473342 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4813571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Downregulated DSC2 involved in the metastasis of cancers. Unfortunately, its role on the development of gastric cancer (GC) and the potential mechanisms remain unclear. Bioinformatics analysis, Western blot, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the DSC2 levels of human GC and normal stomach tissues. The role of DSC2 and the downstream signaling in gastric carcinogenesis were explored by using GC specimens, GC cells with different DSC2 expression, inhibitors, and mouse metastasis models. We found that the level of DSC2 decreased significantly in GC tissues and cells. Recovered DSC2 inhibited the invasion and migration of GC cells both in culture and in xenografts. Mechanistically, DSC2 could not only decrease Snail level and nuclear BRD4 level by forming DSC2/BRD4, but also inhibit nuclear translocation of β-catenin. We concluded that DSC2 inhibited the metastasis of GC, and the underlying mechanisms were closely related to the regulation on nuclear translocation of BRD4 and β-catenin. Our results suggest that DSC2 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dan-dan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian-bo Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-xia Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bing-fang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Peng-fei Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang X, Shi X, Lu H, Zhang C, Li X, Zhang T, Shen J, Wen J. Succinylation Inhibits the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibrillin 1 and Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200546. [PMID: 35901491 PMCID: PMC9507347 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is crucial in the regulation of gastric cancer (GC) progression. This work aims to reveal novel posttranslational modifications and their relevant mechanisms in GC. In 3D matrix culture and animal models, it is found that fibrillin 1 (FBN1) expression is increased in advanced GC and has succinylation modification. The succinylation modification of FBN1 blocks its degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The long-term accumulation and deposition of FBN1 enhance tumor progression by activating TGF-β1 and intracellular PI3K/Akt pathway. The FBN1 succinylation site monoclonal antibody can effectively intervene the effect of succinylation modification and inhibit GC progression. FBN1 is specifically upregulated in the progression of GC compared with other tumors. In conclusion, FBN1 is widely present in the form of K672-succinylated modifications in GC. Besides, the succinyl group of FBN1 blocks its binding to MMP2, inhibits its degradation by MMP2, and leads to the accumulation of FBN1, which poses a long-term risk to the poor prognosis of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Wang
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNo. 1111, XianXia RoadShanghai200336China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongda HospitalSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Hongcheng Lu
- Department of UrologyZhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeastern China UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of BiotherapyMedical Center for Digestive DiseasesSecond Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Surgical OncologyJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210029China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- Department of Surgical OncologyJiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210029China
| | - Jiajia Shen
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Jianfei Wen
- Department of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Han JH, Kim YK, Kim H, Lee J, Oh MJ, Kim SB, Kim M, Kim KH, Yoon HJ, Lee MS, Minna JD, White MA, Kim HS. Snail acetylation by autophagy-derived acetyl-coenzyme A promotes invasion and metastasis of KRAS-LKB1 co-mutated lung cancer cells. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:716-749. [PMID: 35838183 PMCID: PMC9395322 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Autophagy is elevated in metastatic tumors and is often associated with active epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the extent to which EMT is dependent on autophagy is largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms by which autophagy facilitates EMT. Methods We employed a liquid chromatography‐based metabolomic approach with kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) gene co‐mutated (KL) cells that represent an autophagy/EMT‐coactivated invasive lung cancer subtype for the identification of metabolites linked to autophagy‐driven EMT activation. Molecular mechanisms of autophagy‐driven EMT activation were further investigated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), Western blotting analysis, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, and metabolite assays. The effects of chemical and genetic perturbations on autophagic flux were assessed by two orthogonal approaches: microtubule‐associated protein 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3) turnover analysis by Western blotting and monomeric red fluorescent protein‐green fluorescent protein (mRFP‐GFP)‐LC3 tandem fluorescent protein quenching assay. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) activity was measured by coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) motif‐driven luciferase reporter assay. Experimental metastasis (tail vein injection) mouse models were used to evaluate the impact of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors on lung metastasis using IVIS luciferase imaging system. Results We found that autophagy in KL cancer cells increased acetyl‐coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA), which facilitated the acetylation and stabilization of the EMT‐inducing transcription factor Snail. The autophagy/acetyl‐CoA/acetyl‐Snail axis was further validated in tumor tissues and in autophagy‐activated pancreatic cancer cells. TFEB acetylation in KL cancer cells sustained pro‐metastatic autophagy in a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)‐independent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of this axis via CAMKK2 inhibitors or ACLY inhibitors consistently reduced the metastatic capacity of KL cancer cells in vivo. Conclusions This study demonstrates that autophagy‐derived acetyl‐CoA promotes Snail acetylation and thereby facilitates invasion and metastasis of KRAS‐LKB1 co‐mutated lung cancer cells and that inhibition of the autophagy/acetyl‐CoA/acetyl‐Snail axis using CAMKK2 or ACLY inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic strategy to suppress metastasis of KL lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hee Han
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Department of Urology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yong Keon Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Checkmate Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, 07207, Korea
| | - Myung Joon Oh
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Minjee Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kook Hwan Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Michael A White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.,Checkmate Therapeutics Inc., Seoul, 07207, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Promotes Laryngocarcinoma Development by Targeting miR-708-5p/BRD4 Axis to Regulate YAP1-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8093949. [PMID: 35601153 PMCID: PMC9119785 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8093949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate whether long noncoding RNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) contributes to laryngocarcinoma development via regulating the Yes-associated protein 1- (YAP1-) mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the underlying mechanism. Methods. The effects of MALAT1 suppression and BET inhibitor JQ1 on the malignant phenotypes and cancer stem cell- (CSC-) like properties of laryngocarcinoma cells as well as the expression of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), YAP1, and EMT markers were investigated. Moreover, the relationships between MALAT1 and miR-708-5p as well as between miR-708-5p and BRD4 were explored. Furthermore, whether MALAT1 regulated the malignant phenotypes of laryngocarcinoma cells via sponging miR-708-5p to target BRD4 was revealed by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results. MALAT1 suppression inhibited the malignant phenotypes of laryngocarcinoma cells, such as decreased proliferation, promoted apoptosis, suppressed migration, and inhibited the CSC properties. Suppression of MALAT1 increased miR-708-5p expression and decreased the expression of BRD4 and YAP1 and inhibited EMT. Moreover, there were target relationships between MALAT1 and miR-708-5p as well as between miR-708-5p and BRD4. miR-708-5p overexpression and MALAT1 suppression had synergistic inhibitory effects on the malignant phenotypes of laryngocarcinoma cells and the expression of BRD4, YAP1, and EMT. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed that MALAT1/miR-708-5p regulated tumorigenicity by regulating BRD4 and YAP1-mediated EMT. Conclusions. Our results indicate that suppression of MALAT1 may inhibit laryngocarcinoma development by sponging miR-708-5p/BRD4 to regulate YAP1-mediated EMT. Targeting MALAT1/miR-708-5p/BRD4 axis may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for laryngocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
39
|
Gli1 promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma by regulating Snail transcriptional activity and stability. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3877-3890. [PMID: 36213531 PMCID: PMC9532560 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is crucial for the mortality of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in regulating tumor metastasis. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) is aberrantly active in a series of tumor tissues. However, the molecular regulatory relationships between Gli1 and NSCLC metastasis have not yet been identified. Herein, we reported Gli1 promoted NSCLC metastasis. High Gli1 expression was associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. Ectopic expression of Gli1 in low metastatic A549 and NCI-H460 cells enhanced their migration, invasion abilities and facilitated EMT process, whereas knock-down of Gli1 in high metastatic NCI-H1299 and NCI-H1703 cells showed an opposite effect. Notably, Gli1 overexpression accelerated the lung and liver metastasis of NSCLC in the intravenously injected metastasis model. Further research showed that Gli1 positively regulated Snail expression by binding to its promoter and enhancing its protein stability, thereby facilitating the migration, invasion and EMT of NSCLC. In addition, administration of GANT-61, a Gli1 inhibitor, obviously suppressed the metastasis of NSCLC. Collectively, our study reveals that Gli1 is a critical regulator for NSCLC metastasis and suggests that targeting Gli1 is a prospective therapy strategy for metastatic NSCLC.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hyperglycemia induces gastric carcinoma proliferation and migration via the Pin1/BRD4 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:224. [PMID: 35461311 PMCID: PMC9035156 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a potential risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). Pin1, a peptidyl–prolyl cis/trans isomerase, promotes GC cell proliferation and migration. The role and underlying mechanism of the Pin1/BRD4 axis in hyperglycemia-induced proliferation and migration of GC cells were analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Proliferation and migration of GC cells were measured; Pin1 and BRD4 expression of the cell cycle were determined. Pin1 and BRD4 were downregulated by transfecting Pin1 shRNA lentivirus into GC cells and JQ1-intervention GC cells. Tumor formation and lung metastasis were assessed in vivo. Inhibition of Pin1 and BRD4 significantly suppressed high-glucose (HG)-induced GC cell proliferation and migration. HG enhanced G1/S cell-cycle transition, associated with increased Pin1 and BRD4 expression. Silencing Pin1 significantly downregulated the expression of BRD4 and NAP1L1 and upregulated that of P21 in GC cells. In vivo studies indicated that hyperglycemia promotes tumor growth and lung metastasis by inducing Pin1 and BRD4 expression. Thus, Pin1/BRD4 plays an important role in hyperglycemia-promoted tumor growth. The significance of these findings toward improved prognosis of diabetic patients with GC cannot be underestimated.
Collapse
|
41
|
Li H, Luo K, Yang Z, Chen M, Yang X, Wang J, Ying Y, Wu D, Wang Q. Berbamine Suppresses the Growth of Gastric Cancer Cells by Inactivating the BRD4/c-MYC Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:129-141. [PMID: 35046638 PMCID: PMC8762520 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s338881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Berbamine (Ber), a bioactive constituent extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been shown to exhibit broad inhibitory activity on a panel of cancer cell types. However, its effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms on gastric cancer (GC) remain poorly understood. METHODS The anti-growth activity of Ber on two GC cell lines and normal gastric epithelial cell line were evaluated using MTS and clone formation assay. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to evaluate the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of GC cells. Western blot and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis were employed to investigate the anti-GC mechanism of Ber. The inhibitory activity and binding affinity of Ber against BRD4 were evaluated by homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular simulations were conducted to predict the interaction mode between BRD4 and Ber. RESULTS The results demonstrated that Ber reduced the proliferation of GC cell lines SGC-7901 and BGC-823 and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, Ber was identified as a novel natural-derived BRD4 inhibitor through multiple experimental assay, and its anti-GC activity was probably mediated by BRD4 inhibition. Molecular modeling studies suggested that Ber might bind to BRD4 primarily through hydrophobic interactions. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered the underlying anti-GC activity of Ber in vitro and suggested that Ber holds promise as a potential lead compound in the discovery of novel BRD4 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Li
- Department of Cadre Health, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexue Luo
- Department of Cadre Health, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuying Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Yang
- Department of Cadre Health, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiesheng Wang
- Department of Cadre Health, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengxuan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxian Wang
- Department of Cadre Health, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang Y, Li J, Feng D, Peng X, Wang B, Han T, Zhang Y. Systematic Analysis of Molecular Characterization and Clinical Relevance of Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation Regulators in Digestive System Neoplasms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:820174. [PMID: 35252219 PMCID: PMC8891544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.820174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cancer has also attracted more and more attention, which is found to affect transcriptional regulation, maintaining genomic stability and signal transduction, and contribute to the occurrence and progression of tumors. However, the role of LLPS in digestive system tumors is still largely unknown. Results: Here, we characterized the expression profiles of LLPS regulators in 3 digestive tract tumor types such as COAD, STAD, and ESCA with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Our results for the first time showed that LLPS regulatory factors, such as Brd4, FBN1, and TP53, were frequently mutated in all types of digestive system tumors. Variant allele frequency (VAF) and APOBEC analysis demonstrated that genetic alterations of LLPS regulators were related to the progression of digestive system neoplasms (DSNs), such as TP53, NPHS1, TNRC6B, ITSN1, TNPO1, PML, AR, BRD4, DLG4, and PTPN1. KM plotter analysis showed that the mutation status of LLPS regulators was significantly related to the overall survival (OS) time of DSNs, indicating that they may contribute to the progression of DSN. The expression analysis of LLPS regulatory factors showed that a variety of LLPS regulatory factors were significantly dysregulated in digestive system tumors, such as SYN2 and MAPT. It is worth noting that we first found that LLPS regulatory factors were significantly correlated with tumor immune infiltration of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in digestive system tumors. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the LLPS regulators’ expression was closely related to multiple signaling, including the ErbB signaling pathway and T-cell receptor signaling pathway. Finally, several LLPS signatures were constructed and had a strong prognostic stratification ability in different digestive gland tumors. Finally, the results demonstrated the LLPS regulators’ signature score was significantly positively related to the infiltration levels of CD4+ T cells, neutrophil cells, macrophage cells, and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: Our study for the first time showed the potential roles of LLPS regulators in carcinogenesis and provide novel insights to identify novel biomarkers for the prediction of immune therapy and prognosis of DSNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Ting Han, ; Yingyi Zhang,
| | - Ting Han
- Departments of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Ting Han, ; Yingyi Zhang,
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wang, ; Ting Han, ; Yingyi Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu T, Zhang Z, Wang C, Huang H, Li Y. BRD4 promotes the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells through the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and enhances cisplatin resistance. Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 100:179-187. [PMID: 35167374 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2021-0552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is a widely used strategy for bladder cancer (BCa) treatment. However, its clinical efficacy is affected by chemotherapy resistance via complex molecular mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new targets for BCa therapy. Here, we showed that bromodomain-4 protein (BRD4) expression is upregulated in BCa tissues and cells. Inhibition of BRD4 attenuated the migration and invasion of BCa cells, which was rescued by the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway activator recombinant human Sonic hedgehog peptide (rhSHH). We further found that cisplatin (DDP) suppressed the migration and invasion of BCa cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. However, overexpression of BRD4 weakened the pharmacological effects of DDP. In brief, our research revealed that BRD4 promotes migration and invasion by positively regulating the SHH pathway, drives DDP resistance in BCa, and is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of BCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China
| | - Houbao Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001 Anhui, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 Guangdong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu B, Liu L, Cai F, Peng Y, Tang X, Zeng D, Li T, Zhang F, Liang Y, Yuan X, Li J, Dai Z, Liao Q, Lv XB. The synergistic anticancer effect of the bromodomain inhibitor OTX015 and histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor WT-161 in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:64. [PMID: 35135529 PMCID: PMC8822767 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a tumour with a high malignancy level and a poor prognosis. First-line chemotherapy for OS has not been improved for many decades. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate histone acetylation in tandem, and BET and HDACs have emerged as potential cancer therapeutic targets. Methods Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, colony formation, and sphere-forming assays were performed with the two inhibitors alone or in combination to evaluate their suppressive effect on the malignant properties of OS cells. Apoptosis and the cell cycle profile were measured by flow cytometry. The synergistic inhibitory effect of OTX015/WT-161 on tumours was also examined in a nude mouse xenograft model. Results The combined therapy of OTX015/WT-161 synergistically inhibited growth, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis, resulting in G1/S arrest of OS cells. Additionally, OTX015/WT-161 inhibited the self-renewal ability of OS stem cells (OSCs) in a synergistic manner. Further mechanistic exploration revealed that the synergistic downregulation of β-catenin by OTX015-mediated suppression of FZD2 and WT-161-mediated upregulation of PTEN may be critical for the synergistic effect. Finally, the results of an in vivo assay showed that tumour xenografts were significantly decreased after treatment with the OTX015/WT-161 combination compared with OTX015 or WT-161 alone. Conclusions Our findings in this study demonstrated that OTX015 and WT-161 had synergistic anticancer efficacy against OS, and their combination might be a promising therapeutic strategy for OS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02443-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiang Peng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Zeng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Yuan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzai Dai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Bin Lv
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Nanchang, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, North 128 Xiangshan Road, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hu Y, Gong C, Li Z, Liu J, Chen Y, Huang Y, Luo Q, Wang S, Hou Y, Yang S, Xiao Y. Demethylase ALKBH5 suppresses invasion of gastric cancer via PKMYT1 m6A modification. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:34. [PMID: 35114989 PMCID: PMC8812266 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most pernicious tumors that seriously harm human healthcare. GC metastasis is one of the prime cause of failed cancer treatment, but correlation between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and GC metastasis was less reported. Methods Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) of GC tissues was conducted. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were taken to determine the expression of ALKBH5 in GC tissues and cell lines. RNA-seq together with MeRIP-qRT-PCR was used to screen the target gene of ALKBH5. RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to search the “reader” protein of target gene. The mechanism was also validated via a tail vein injection method for lung metastasis model. Results Decreased expression of ALKBH5 was detected in GC samples, and it was correlated with clinical tumor distal metastasis and lymph node metastasis. ALKBH5 interference promoted metastasis of GC cells and this effect was closely related to the demethylase activity of ALKBH5. PKMYT1, as a downstream target of ALKBH5, promoted invasion and migration in GC. Caused by ALKBH5 knockdown or its demethylase activity mutation, upregulated expression of PKMYT1 indicated that ALKBH5 modulates expression of PKMYT1 in an m6A-dependent manner. IGF2BP3 helped stabilize the mRNA stability of PKMYT1 via its m6A modification site. Conclusions This study established an ALKBH5-PKMYT1-IGF2BP3 regulation system in metastasis, representing a new therapeutic target for GC metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01522-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Endoscope, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Sumin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Yufeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality. Pioneering genomic studies, focusing largely on primary GCs, revealed driver alterations in genes such as ERBB2, FGFR2, TP53 and ARID1A as well as multiple molecular subtypes. However, clinical efforts targeting these alterations have produced variable results, hampered by complex co-alteration patterns in molecular profiles and intra-patient genomic heterogeneity. In this Review, we highlight foundational and translational advances in dissecting the genomic cartography of GC, including non-coding variants, epigenomic aberrations and transcriptomic alterations, and describe how these alterations interplay with environmental influences, germline factors and the tumour microenvironment. Mapping of these alterations over the GC life cycle in normal gastric tissues, metaplasia, primary carcinoma and distant metastasis will improve our understanding of biological mechanisms driving GC development and promoting cancer hallmarks. On the translational front, integrative genomic approaches are identifying diverse mechanisms of GC therapy resistance and emerging preclinical targets, enabled by technologies such as single-cell sequencing and liquid biopsies. Validating these insights will require specifically designed GC cohorts, converging multi-modal genomic data with longitudinal data on therapeutic challenges and patient outcomes. Genomic findings from these studies will facilitate 'next-generation' clinical initiatives in GC precision oncology and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun HY, Du ST, Li YY, Deng GT, Zeng FR. Bromodomain and extra-terminal inhibitors emerge as potential therapeutic avenues for gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:75-89. [PMID: 35116104 PMCID: PMC8790409 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and gastric cancer, are severe social burdens due to high incidence and mortality rates. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers consisting of four conserved members (BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT). BET family perform pivotal roles in tumorigenesis through transcriptional regulation, thereby emerging as potential therapeutic targets. BET inhibitors, disrupting the interaction between BET proteins and acetylated lysines, have been reported to suppress tumor initiation and progression in most of GI cancers. In this review, we will demonstrate how BET proteins participate in the GI cancers progression and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting BET proteins for GI cancers treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Song-Tao Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ya-Yun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang-Tong Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fu-Rong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lysine Acetylation, Cancer Hallmarks and Emerging Onco-Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020346. [PMID: 35053509 PMCID: PMC8773583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several histone deacetylase inhibitors have been approved by FDA for cancer treatment. Intensive efforts have been devoted to enhancing its anti-cancer efficacy by combining it with various other agents. Yet, no guideline is available to assist in the choice of candidate drugs for combination towards optimal solutions for different clinical problems. Thus, it is imperative to characterize the primary cancer hallmarks that lysine acetylation is associated with and gain knowledge on the key cancer features that each combinatorial onco-therapeutic modality targets to aid in the combinatorial onco-therapeutic design. Cold atmospheric plasma represents an emerging anti-cancer modality via manipulating cellular redox level and has been demonstrated to selectively target several cancer hallmarks. This review aims to delineate the intrinsic connections between lysine acetylation and cancer properties, and forecast opportunities histone deacetylase inhibitors may have when combined with cold atmospheric plasma as novel precision onco-therapies. Abstract Acetylation, a reversible epigenetic process, is implicated in many critical cellular regulatory systems including transcriptional regulation, protein structure, activity, stability, and localization. Lysine acetylation is the most prevalent and intensively investigated among the diverse acetylation forms. Owing to the intrinsic connections of acetylation with cell metabolism, acetylation has been associated with metabolic disorders including cancers. Yet, relatively little has been reported on the features of acetylation against the cancer hallmarks, even though this knowledge may help identify appropriate therapeutic strategies or combinatorial modalities for the effective treatment and resolution of malignancies. By examining the available data related to the efficacy of lysine acetylation against tumor cells and elaborating the primary cancer hallmarks and the associated mechanisms to target the specific hallmarks, this review identifies the intrinsic connections between lysine acetylation and cancer hallmarks and proposes novel modalities that can be combined with HDAC inhibitors for cancer treatment with higher efficacy and minimum adverse effects.
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang J, Song C, Zhan X. The role of protein acetylation in carcinogenesis and targeted drug discovery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:972312. [PMID: 36171897 PMCID: PMC9510633 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.972312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification, and is involved in many biological processes in cells, such as transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair, and energy metabolism, which is an important molecular event and is associated with a wide range of diseases such as cancers. Protein acetylation is dynamically regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in homeostasis. The abnormal acetylation level might lead to the occurrence and deterioration of a cancer, and is closely related to various pathophysiological characteristics of a cancer, such as malignant phenotypes, and promotes cancer cells to adapt to tumor microenvironment. Therapeutic modalities targeting protein acetylation are a potential therapeutic strategy. This article discussed the roles of protein acetylation in tumor pathology and therapeutic drugs targeting protein acetylation, which offers the contributions of protein acetylation in clarification of carcinogenesis, and discovery of therapeutic drugs for cancers, and lays the foundation for precision medicine in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Song
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xianquan Zhan,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tang X, Sui X, Weng L, Liu Y. SNAIL1: Linking Tumor Metastasis to Immune Evasion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724200. [PMID: 34917071 PMCID: PMC8669501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Snail1, a key inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays a critical role in tumor metastasis. Its stability is strictly controlled by multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Increasing evidence indicates that methylation and acetylation of Snail1 also affects tumor metastasis. More importantly, Snail1 is involved in tumor immunosuppression by inducing chemokines and immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, some immune checkpoints potentiate Snail1 expression, such as programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and T cell immunoglobulin 3 (TIM-3). This mini review highlights the pathways and molecules involved in maintenance of Snail1 level and the significance of Snail1 in tumor immune evasion. Due to the crucial role of EMT in tumor metastasis and tumor immunosuppression, comprehensive understanding of Snail1 function may contribute to the development of novel therapeutics for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xue Sui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Gerontological Cancer Research, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Imaging of Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China.,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|