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Association of HER1 and HER2 Gene Variants in the Predisposition of Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6180337. [PMID: 34721579 PMCID: PMC8553481 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6180337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health concern worldwide. A series of sequential accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes are responsible for the initiation and progression of diseases via the normal > adenoma > carcinoma sequence. Genetic variants in crucial cancer-causing genes are known to mediate the risk of cancer. Objective In this case-control study, we examined single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in HER1 (rs763317 and rs3752651) and HER2 (rs1136201 and rs1058808) genes to assess their role in the susceptibility of CRC in a Saudi population. Methods TaqMan allelic discrimination assay was utilized to identify the genotypes in 163 normal and 143 CRC patients. Results In the overall analysis, the rs3752651 and rs1136201 were significantly associated with the risk of CRC. Although none of the examined SNPs had any impact on the age at which CRC was diagnosed, interestingly, three SNPs showed a significant association based on gender. The rs3752651 conferred significant protection only in men, whereas rs1136201 diminished the risk and rs1058808 considerably increased the susceptibility of CRC only in women. Conclusions Our result suggests that these SNPs in HER1 and HER2 after validation in larger cohorts of different ethnicities may be utilized as genetic screening markers for predicting colorectal cancer predisposition.
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Desriani, Azamris, Ghaissani SS, Kinanti SR, Warisman MA, Fitria N. Design and characterization of a SYBR Green I-based melting curve method for investigation of HER2I655V polymorphism in breast cancer. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:6. [PMID: 33428029 PMCID: PMC7801533 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is a disease in which cell grows rapidly forming a mass in the breast. HER2 polymorphisms Ile655Val have been studied as biomarkers for breast cancer and may comprise a risk factor of cardiac toxicity for breast cancer-consuming trastuzumab. Aim of work: In this study, we developed a simple, low cost, and rapid test to detect polymorphism at HER2 gene using SYBR Green I-based melting curve method. Subjects and methods In this report, we performed allelic discrimination with real-time temperature melting (Tm) Shift SYBR Green I-based melting curve method. The melting profiles of amplified DNA HER-2 Ile655Val and its characteristics were analyzed. Result Tm value of HER2 GG and AA alleles were 85 ± 0.14 °C and 82.5 ± 0.23 °C, respectively, while cycle threshold (Ct) value of GG, AG, and AA alleles were 19.6 ± 0.27, 22.5 ± 0.23, 18.6 ± 0.22 correspondingly; furthermore, no template control has shown consisting Ct value at 31.18 ± 0.27. The developed methods’ characteristics were optimum annealing at 62 °C and Kappa coefficient value 1 with the mean almost consistent with PCR-sequencing. The coefficient of variability for intra-assay of GG, AG, and AA was in the range of 0.2–1%, while the coefficient of variability for inter-assay for each were in the range 0.7–1%. Further, based on PCR, shelf-life assay has shown stability for 3 months of storage observation. Conclusion This approach may be considered as simple, rapid, and low cost supporting the rapid study of HER2 epidemiology. Furthermore, the developed methods potentially facilitate clinicians in dealing with breast cancer patients, especially in considering about the cardiotoxicity effect of trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desriani
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Cibinong KM 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Azamris
- Division of Surgical Oncology Medical School of M. Djamil Hospital, Andalas University, Jl Perintis Kemerdekaan No. 94, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Shabrina S Ghaissani
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Cibinong KM 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Senja R Kinanti
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Cibinong KM 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A Warisman
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Cibinong KM 46, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - N Fitria
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, West Sumatra, Indonesia
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Escórcio-Dourado CS, Alves-Ribeiro FA, Lima-Dourado JC, dos Santos AR, de Oliveira Pereira R, Tavares CB, Silva VC, Costa PVL, Soares-Júnior JM, da Silva BB. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 gene polymorphism and breast cancer risk in women from the Northeastern region of Brazil. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e2360. [PMID: 33331402 PMCID: PMC7690965 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) rs1136201 variant, the presence of the G allele may promote cellular alterations and increase breast cancer risk, in addition to enhanced cellular proliferation, tumor aggressiveness, and metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant, rs1136201, within the HER2 gene in women from the Northeastern region of Brazil and breast cancer risk. METHODS The study included 140 women who were divided into two groups, case (breast cancer) and control (without breast cancer), with 70 women in each group. Peripheral blood of each woman was drawn for the study of genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from leukocytes using the genotyping technique by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The GG genotype occurred in 1 woman in both groups (1.4%) (p=0.32), while the AG genotype occurred in 19 (27.2%) and 13 (18.6%) women in the case and control (p=1.00) groups, respectively. No statistically significant difference in GG and AG genotypes was observed between the case and control groups in premenopausal women (p=1.00). Furthermore, no significant difference in genotypes was observed between the groups, among postmenopausal women (p=0.14). CONCLUSION In this study, the HER2 rs1136201 polymorphism did not show any statistically significant association with breast cancer, both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, further studies with a larger sample size should be performed to assess the association of HER2 polymorphism with breast cancer risk in women from the Northeastern region of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Solange Escórcio-Dourado
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Nordeste, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
| | - Francisco Adelton Alves-Ribeiro
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Nordeste, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
| | - Jose Charles Lima-Dourado
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Nordeste, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
| | - Alesse Ribeiro dos Santos
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Nordeste, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
| | - Renato de Oliveira Pereira
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Nordeste, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
| | - Cleciton Braga Tavares
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Nordeste, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
| | - Vladimir Costa Silva
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Nordeste, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
| | - Pedro Vitor Lopes Costa
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
| | - José Maria Soares-Júnior
- Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Benedito Borges da Silva
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao da Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Nordeste, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Medicas, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, BR
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Association between ESR1, ESR2, HER2, UGT1A4, and UGT2B7 polymorphisms and breast Cancer in Jordan: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1257. [PMID: 31888550 PMCID: PMC6937757 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer risk, development, and treatment are influenced by genetic variation in certain genes, namely those involved in cell proliferation, tumor suppression, and drug metabolism. In turn, the relevance of the aforementioned genetic variation to cancer depends on the ethnic group in question, highlighting the need for population-specific association studies. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the association between certain ESR1, ESR2, HER2, UGT1A4, and UGT2B7 single nucleotide polymorphisms and breast cancer. Methods Blood samples were collected from 437 Jordanian-Arab breast cancer patients and healthy volunteers and subject to genotyping using the Sequenom MassARRAY® system (iPLEX GOLD). Results Our findings show a significant association between breast cancer and the allelic (P = 0.02486879) and genotypic (P = 0.04793066) frequencies of the ESR1 polymorphism rs3798577, a result which was confirmed in different genetic models. No other investigated polymorphism showed a significant association with breast cancer itself in Jordanian Arabs, but the Rare Hz (GG) vs Het (AG) genetic model revealed an association of the disease with the ESR1 polymorphism rs3798577. However, several associations were found between certain polymorphisms and breast cancer’s prognostic factors. Conclusion This study suggests that certain polymorphisms may increase the risk of breast cancer in the Jordanian-Arab population. Future research and clinical translation could incorporate the current results in preventative breast cancer approaches tailored for Jordanian-Arab patients.
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Vázquez-Ibarra KC, Bustos-Carpinteyro AR, García-Ruvalcaba A, Magaãa-Torres MT, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R, Marín-Contreras ME, Santiago-Luna E, Sánchez-López JY. The ERBB2 gene polymorphisms rs2643194, rs2934971, and rs1058808 are associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8379. [PMID: 31116314 PMCID: PMC6526748 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most lethal type of cancer worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory sites or coding regions can modify the expression of genes involved in gastric carcinogenesis, as ERBB2, which encodes for the tyrosine-kinase receptor HER-2. The aim of this work was to analyze the association of the polymorphisms: rs2643194, rs2517951, rs2643195, rs2934971, and rs1058808 with GC, as they have not yet been analyzed in GC patients, as well as to report their frequency in the general Mexican population (GMP). We studied genomic DNA from subjects with GC (n=74), gastric inflammatory diseases (GID, n=76 control subjects), and GMP (n=102). Genotypes were obtained by means of real-time PCR and DNA-sequencing. The risks for GC were estimated through odds ratio (OR) using the Cochran-Armitage trend test and multinomial logistic regression. Increased risk for GC was observed under the dominant inheritance model for the rs2643194 TT or CT genotypes with an OR of 2.75 (95%CI 1.12−6.75, P=0.023); the rs2934971 TT or GT genotypes with an OR of 2.41 (95%CI 1.01−5.76, P=0.043), and the rs1058808 GG or CG genotypes with an OR of 2.21 (95%CI 1.00−4.87, P=0.046). The SNPs rs2643194, rs2934971, and rs1058808 of the ERBB2 gene were associated with increased risk for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Vázquez-Ibarra
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Biology Division, University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A R Bustos-Carpinteyro
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Doctoral Program in Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A García-Ruvalcaba
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.,Doctoral Program in Human Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M T Magaãa-Torres
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - R Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M E Marín-Contreras
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - E Santiago-Luna
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Medical Center of the West, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J Y Sánchez-López
- Division of Genetics, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Torrezan GT, de Almeida FGDSR, Figueiredo MCP, Barros BDDF, de Paula CAA, Valieris R, de Souza JES, Ramalho RF, da Silva FCC, Ferreira EN, de Nóbrega AF, Felicio PS, Achatz MI, de Souza SJ, Palmero EI, Carraro DM. Complex Landscape of Germline Variants in Brazilian Patients With Hereditary and Early Onset Breast Cancer. Front Genet 2018; 9:161. [PMID: 29868112 PMCID: PMC5949367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in known breast cancer (BC) predisposing genes explain only about 30% of Hereditary Breast Cancer (HBC) cases, whereas the underlying genetic factors for most families remain unknown. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify genetic variants associated to HBC in 17 patients of Brazil with familial BC and negative for causal variants in major BC risk genes (BRCA1/2, TP53, and CHEK2 c.1100delC). First, we searched for rare variants in 27 known HBC genes and identified two patients harboring truncating pathogenic variants in ATM and BARD1. For the remaining 15 negative patients, we found a substantial vast number of rare genetic variants. Thus, for selecting the most promising variants we used functional-based variant prioritization, followed by NGS validation, analysis in a control group, cosegregation analysis in one family and comparison with previous WES studies, shrinking our list to 23 novel BC candidate genes, which were evaluated in an independent cohort of 42 high-risk BC patients. Rare and possibly damaging variants were identified in 12 candidate genes in this cohort, including variants in DNA repair genes (ERCC1 and SXL4) and other cancer-related genes (NOTCH2, ERBB2, MST1R, and RAF1). Overall, this is the first WES study applied for identifying novel genes associated to HBC in Brazilian patients, in which we provide a set of putative BC predisposing genes. We also underpin the value of using WES for assessing the complex landscape of HBC susceptibility, especially in less characterized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana T Torrezan
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia C P Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna D de Figueiredo Barros
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia A A de Paula
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Valieris
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge E S de Souza
- Instituto de Bioinformática e Biotecnologia-2bio, Natal, Brazil.,Instituto Metrópole Digital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Ramalho
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe C C da Silva
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa N Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,Research and Development, Fleury Group, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paula S Felicio
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria I Achatz
- Oncogenetics Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sandro J de Souza
- National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Edenir I Palmero
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.,Barretos School of Health Sciences, Dr. Paulo Prata - FACISB, Barretos, Brazil
| | - Dirce M Carraro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Research Center, CIPE/A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo, Brazil
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The impact of ERBB-family germline single nucleotide polymorphisms on survival response to adjuvant trastuzumab treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75518-75525. [PMID: 27776352 PMCID: PMC5342757 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trastuzumab treatment for women with HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) resulted in the significant improvement of both relapse free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). However, many women who are classified as HER2-positive do not respond. Many studies have focused on the role of somatic mutations rather than germline polymorphisms in trastuzumab resistance. Results We completed an Agena MassArray screen of 10 ERBB-family single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 194 adjuvant trastuzumab treated HER2-positive BC patients. SNPs in EGFR genes have a significant association with RFS and OS. Patients with the minor allele of EGFR N158N had significantly worse OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.01, (confidence interval (CI) = 1.53– 10.69), p = 0.05) relative to those with either the heterozygous or wild-type (WT) allele. Patients with the minor allele of EGFR T903T (HR = 3.52, (CI = 1.38– 8.97), p = 0.05) had worse RFS relative to those with either the heterozygous or WT allele. Patients and methods Using next generation sequencing (NGS) we identified ERBB-family (EGFR, HER2, HER3 and HER4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occurred in 2 or more patients of a 32 HER2-positive BC patient cohort. Agena MassArray analysis confirmed the frequency of these SNPs in 194 women with HER2-positive BC who received trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting. Using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression analysis we correlated the presence of ERBB-family SNPs with both RFS and OS. Conclusions The presence of germline ERBB-family SNPs may play an important role in how a patient responds to adjuvant trastuzumab, and clinical assessment of these SNPs by targeted genetic screening of patients' blood may be important to stratify patients for treatment.
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Si P, Xu Y, Ouyang T, Li J, Wang T, Fan Z, Fan T, Lin B, Xie Y. HER2 Pro1170Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased survival rate in HER2-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3793-3798. [PMID: 28529593 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pro1170Ala polymorphism is one of the most common polymorphisms of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and may affect the clinical outcome in breast cancer. Therefore, in the present study, the incidence of the HER2 Pro1170Ala polymorphism was determined in 3,305 female patients with operable primary breast cancer using a DNA-sequencing assay, and the potential association with survival was investigated. Of these 3,305 patients, 29% (955/3,305) were homozygous for the Pro/Pro genotype, 51% (1,679/3,305) were heterozygous for the Pro/Ala genotype and 20% (671/3,305) were homozygous for the Ala/Ala genotype. The frequency of this polymorphism conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=0.175). No significant association between the HER2 Pro1170Ala polymorphism and recurrence-free survival (RFS) or distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) was identified in the entire cohort of 3,305 patients. HER2 status was available for 3,170/3,305 patients; no significant association between the HER2 Pro1170Ala polymorphism and survival was identified in HER2-positive patients (n=728). However, among the HER2-negative patients (n=2,442), those with the Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype had a significantly decreased RFS [unadjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-2.04; P=0.033] and DRFS (unadjusted HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.11-2.44; P=0.012) compared with those with the Pro/Pro genotype. Multivariate analysis revealed that the Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala genotype was an independent unfavorable factor for DRFS (adjusted HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.05-2.53; P=0.029) in the subgroup of HER2-negative patients. The results of the present study suggest that patients with HER2-negative breast cancer with the HER2 Pro1170Ala polymorphism variant exhibit a decreased survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilei Si
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Tie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Benyao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yuntao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Breast Center, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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Su Y, Jiang Y, Sun S, Yin H, Shan M, Tao W, Ge X, Pang D. Effects of HER2 genetic polymorphisms on its protein expression in breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2015; 39:1123-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Li Y, Wang X, Vural S, Mishra NK, Cowan KH, Guda C. Exome analysis reveals differentially mutated gene signatures of stage, grade and subtype in breast cancers. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119383. [PMID: 25803781 PMCID: PMC4372331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers exhibit highly heterogeneous molecular profiles. Although gene expression profiles have been used to predict the risks and prognostic outcomes of breast cancers, the high variability of gene expression limits its clinical application. In contrast, genetic mutation profiles would be more advantageous than gene expression profiles because genetic mutations can be stably detected and the mutational heterogeneity widely exists in breast cancer genomes. We analyzed 98 breast cancer whole exome samples that were sorted into three subtypes, two grades and two stages. The sum deleterious effect of all mutations in each gene was scored to identify differentially mutated genes (DMGs) for this case-control study. DMGs were corroborated using extensive published knowledge. Functional consequences of deleterious SNVs on protein structure and function were also investigated. Genes such as ERBB2, ESP8, PPP2R4, KIAA0922, SP4, CENPJ, PRCP and SELP that have been experimentally or clinically verified to be tightly associated with breast cancer prognosis are among the DMGs identified in this study. We also identified some genes such as ARL6IP5, RAET1E, and ANO7 that could be crucial for breast cancer development and prognosis. Further, SNVs such as rs1058808, rs2480452, rs61751507, rs79167802, rs11540666, and rs2229437 that potentially influence protein functions are observed at significantly different frequencies in different comparison groups. Protein structure modeling revealed that many non-synonymous SNVs have a deleterious effect on protein stability, structure and function. Mutational profiling at gene- and SNV-level revealed differential patterns within each breast cancer comparison group, and the gene signatures correlate with expected prognostic characteristics of breast cancer classes. Some of the genes and SNVs identified in this study show high promise and are worthy of further investigation by experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Suleyman Vural
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Nitish K. Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kenneth H. Cowan
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Boulbes DR, Arold ST, Chauhan GB, Blachno KV, Deng N, Chang WC, Jin Q, Huang TH, Hsu JM, Brady SW, Bartholomeusz C, Ladbury JE, Stone S, Yu D, Hung MC, Esteva FJ. HER family kinase domain mutations promote tumor progression and can predict response to treatment in human breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:586-600. [PMID: 25435280 PMCID: PMC4815926 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to HER2-targeted therapies remains a major obstacle in the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Understanding the molecular pathways that contribute to the development of drug resistance is needed to improve the clinical utility of novel agents, and to predict the success of targeted personalized therapy based on tumor-specific mutations. Little is known about the clinical significance of HER family mutations in breast cancer. Because mutations within HER1/EGFR are predictive of response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in lung cancer, we investigated whether mutations in HER family kinase domains are predictive of response to targeted therapy in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. We sequenced the HER family kinase domains from 76 HER2-overexpressing invasive carcinomas and identified 12 missense variants. Patients whose tumors carried any of these mutations did not respond to HER2 directed therapy in the metastatic setting. We developed mutant cell lines and used structural analyses to determine whether changes in protein conformation could explain the lack of response to therapy. We also functionally studied all HER2 mutants and showed that they conferred an aggressive phenotype and altered effects of the TKI lapatinib. Our data demonstrate that mutations in the finely tuned HER kinase domains play a critical function in breast cancer progression and may serve as prognostic and predictive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine R Boulbes
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stefan T Arold
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav B Chauhan
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Korina V Blachno
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nanfu Deng
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
| | - Quanri Jin
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel W Brady
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chandra Bartholomeusz
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John E Ladbury
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9jT, UK
| | - Steve Stone
- Myriad Genetics, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francisco J Esteva
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, 160 E. 34th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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12
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mRNA profiling reveals determinants of trastuzumab efficiency in HER2-positive breast cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117818. [PMID: 25710561 PMCID: PMC4339844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic and acquired resistance to the monoclonal antibody drug trastuzumab is a major problem in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms could help to develop new agents. Our intention was to detect genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting trastuzumab efficiency in cell culture. Three HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines with different resistance phenotypes were analyzed. We chose BT474 as model of trastuzumab sensitivity, HCC1954 as model of intrinsic resistance, and BTR50, derived from BT474, as model of acquired resistance. Based on RNA-Seq data, we performed differential expression analyses on these cell lines with and without trastuzumab treatment. Differentially expressed genes between the resistant cell lines and BT474 are expected to contribute to resistance. Differentially expressed genes between untreated and trastuzumab treated BT474 are expected to contribute to drug efficacy. To exclude false positives from the candidate gene set, we removed genes that were also differentially expressed between untreated and trastuzumab treated BTR50. We further searched for SNPs in the untreated cell lines which could contribute to trastuzumab resistance. The analysis resulted in 54 differentially expressed candidate genes that might be connected to trastuzumab efficiency. 90% of 40 selected candidates were validated by RT-qPCR. ALPP, CALCOCO1, CAV1, CYP1A2 and IGFBP3 were significantly higher expressed in the trastuzumab treated than in the untreated BT474 cell line. GDF15, IL8, LCN2, PTGS2 and 20 other genes were significantly higher expressed in HCC1954 than in BT474, while NCAM2, COLEC12, AFF3, TFF3, NRCAM, GREB1 and TFF1 were significantly lower expressed. Additionally, we inferred SNPs in HCC1954 for CAV1, PTGS2, IL8 and IGFBP3. The latter also had a variation in BTR50. 20% of the validated subset have already been mentioned in literature. For half of them we called and analyzed SNPs. These results contribute to a better understanding of trastuzumab action and resistance mechanisms.
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13
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Santos S, Baptista CS, Abreu RMV, Bastos E, Amorim I, Gut IG, Gärtner F, Chaves R. ERBB2 in cat mammary neoplasias disclosed a positive correlation between RNA and protein low expression levels: a model for erbB-2 negative human breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83673. [PMID: 24386251 PMCID: PMC3873372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human ERBB2 is a proto-oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 epithelial growth factor receptor. In human breast cancer (HBC), erbB-2 protein overexpression has been repeatedly correlated with poor prognosis. In more recent works, underexpression of this gene has been described in HBC. Moreover, it is also recognised that oncogenes that are commonly amplified or deleted encompass point mutations, and some of these are associated with HBC. In cat mammary lesions (CMLs), the overexpression of ERBB2 (27%-59.6%) has also been described, mostly at the protein level and although cat mammary neoplasias are considered to be a natural model of HBC, molecular information is still scarce. In the present work, a cat ERBB2 fragment, comprising exons 10 to 15 (ERBB2_10-15) was achieved for the first time. Allelic variants and genomic haplotype analyses were also performed, and differences between normal and CML populations were observed. Three amino acid changes, corresponding to 3 non-synonymous genomic sequence variants that were only detected in CMLs, were proposed to damage the 3D structure of the protein. We analysed the cat ERBB2 gene at the DNA (copy number determination), mRNA (expression levels assessment) and protein levels (in extra- and intra protein domains) in CML samples and correlated the last two evaluations with clinicopathological features. We found a positive correlation between the expression levels of the ERBB2 RNA and erbB-2 protein, corresponding to the intracellular region. Additionally, we detected a positive correlation between higher mRNA expression and better clinical outcome. Our results suggest that the ERBB2 gene is post-transcriptionally regulated and that proteins with truncations and single point mutations are present in cat mammary neoplastic lesions. We would like to emphasise that the recurrent occurrence of low erbB-2 expression levels in cat mammary tumours, suggests the cat mammary neoplasias as a valuable model for erbB-2 negative HBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santos
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S. Baptista
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary Clinics of University of Porto, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M. V. Abreu
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- CIMO-ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Estela Bastos
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Irina Amorim
- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivo G. Gut
- Centre National de Genotypage, Evry, France
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute of Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Killelea BK, Chagpar AB, Bishop J, Horowitz NR, Christy C, Tsangaris T, Raghu M, Lannin DR. Is There a Correlation Between Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype Using Receptors as Surrogates and Mammographic Appearance? Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:3247-53. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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McIver LJ, McCormick JF, Martin A, Fondon JW, Garner HR. Population-scale analysis of human microsatellites reveals novel sources of exonic variation. Gene 2012; 516:328-34. [PMID: 23274653 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using our microsatellite specific genotyping method, we analyzed tandem repeats, which are known to be highly variable with some recognized as biomarkers causative of disease, in over 500 individuals who were exon sequenced in a 1000 Genomes Project pilot study. We were able to genotype over 97% of the microsatellite loci in the targeted regions. A total of 25,115 variations were observed, including repeat length and single nucleotide polymorphisms, corresponding to an average of 45.6 variations per individual and a density of 1.1 variations per kilobase. Standard variant detection did not report 94.2% of the exonic repeat length variations in part because the alignment techniques are not ideal for repetitive regions. Additionally some standard variation detection tools rely on a database of known variations, making them less likely to call repeat length variations as only a small percent of these loci (~6000) have been accurately characterized. A subset of the hundreds of non-synonymous variations we identified was experimentally validated, indicating an accuracy of 96.5% for our microsatellite-based genotyping method, with some novel variants identified in genes associated with cancer. We propose that microsatellite-based genotyping be used as a part of large scale sequencing studies to identify novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J McIver
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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16
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Sequence variants and haplotype analysis of cat ERBB2 gene: a survey on spontaneous cat mammary neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2783-2800. [PMID: 22489125 PMCID: PMC3317687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13032783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ERBB2 proto-oncogene is widely considered a key gene involved in human breast cancer onset and progression. Among spontaneous tumors, mammary tumors are the most frequent cause of cancer death in cats and second most frequent in humans. In fact, naturally occurring tumors in domestic animals, more particularly cat mammary tumors, have been proposed as a good model for human breast cancer, but critical genetic and molecular information is still scarce. The aims of this study include the analysis of the cat ERBB2 gene partial sequences (between exon 17 and 20) in order to characterize a normal and a mammary lesion heterogeneous populations. Cat genomic DNA was extracted from normal frozen samples (n = 16) and from frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mammary lesion samples (n = 41). We amplified and sequenced two cat ERBB2 DNA fragments comprising exons 17 to 20. It was possible to identify five sequence variants and six haplotypes in the total population. Two sequence variants and two haplotypes show to be specific for cat mammary tumor samples. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that four of the sequence variants can produce alternative transcripts or activate cryptic splicing sites. Also, a possible association was identified between clinicopathological traits and the variant haplotypes. As far as we know, this is the first attempt to examine ERBB2 genetic variations in cat mammary genome and its possible association with the onset and progression of cat mammary tumors. The demonstration of a possible association between primary tumor size (one of the two most important prognostic factors) and the number of masses with the cat ERBB2 variant haplotypes reveal the importance of the analysis of this gene in veterinary medicine.
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Higginbotham KSP, Breyer JP, Bradley KM, Schuyler PA, Plummer WD, Freudenthal ME, Trentham-Dietz A, Newcomb PA, Sanders ME, Page DL, Parl FF, Egan KM, Dupont WD, Smith JR. A multistage association study identifies a breast cancer genetic locus at NCOA7. Cancer Res 2011; 71:3881-8. [PMID: 21610108 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen metabolism and growth factor signaling pathway genes play key roles in breast cancer development. We evaluated associations between breast cancer and tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of 107 candidate genes of these pathways using single allele- and haplotype-based tests. We first sought concordance of associations between two study populations: the Nashville Breast Cohort (NBC; 510 cases, 988 controls), and the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS) breast cancer study (1,145 cases, 1,142 controls). Findings across the two study populations were concordant at tagging SNPs of six genes, and at previously published SNPs of FGFR2. We sought further replication of results for EGFR, NCOA7, and FGFR2 in the independent Collaborative Breast Cancer Study (CBCS; 1,552 cases, 1,185 controls). Associations at NCOA7 and FGFR2 replicated across all three studies. The association at NCOA7 on 6q22.32, detected by a haplotype spanning the initial protein-coding exon (5'-rs9375411, rs11967627, rs549438, rs529858, rs490361, rs17708107-3'), has not been previously reported. The haplotype had a significant inverse association with breast cancer in each study [OR(Het): 0.69 (NBC), 0.76 (CGEMS), 0.79 (CBCS)], and a meta-analysis OR(Het) of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.65-0.87, P = 1.4 × 10(-4)) in the combined study populations. The haplotype frequency was 0.07 among cases, and 0.09 among controls; homozygotes were infrequent and each OR(Hom) was not significant. NCOA7 encodes a nuclear receptor coactivator that interacts with estrogen receptor α to modulate its activity. These observations provide consistent evidence that genetic variants at the NCOA7 locus may confer a reduced risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S P Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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