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Lesseur C, Ferreiro-Iglesias A, McKay JD, Bossé Y, Johansson M, Gaborieau V, Landi MT, Christiani DC, Caporaso NC, Bojesen SE, Amos CI, Shete S, Liu G, Rennert G, Albanes D, Aldrich MC, Tardon A, Chen C, Triantafillos L, Field JK, Teare MD, Kiemeney LA, Diergaarde B, Ferris RL, Zienolddiny S, Lam S, Olshan AF, Weissler MC, Lacko M, Risch A, Bickeböller H, Ness AR, Thomas S, Le Marchand L, Schabath MB, Wünsch-Filho V, Tajara EH, Andrew AS, Clifford GM, Lazarus P, Grankvist K, Johansson M, Arnold S, Melander O, Brunnström H, Boccia S, Cadoni G, Timens W, Obeidat M, Xiao X, Houlston RS, Hung RJ, Brennan P. Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies pleiotropic risk loci for aerodigestive squamous cell cancers. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009254. [PMID: 33667223 PMCID: PMC7968735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC) of the aerodigestive tract have similar etiological risk factors. Although genetic risk variants for individual cancers have been identified, an agnostic, genome-wide search for shared genetic susceptibility has not been performed. To identify novel and pleotropic SqCC risk variants, we performed a meta-analysis of GWAS data on lung SqCC (LuSqCC), oro/pharyngeal SqCC (OSqCC), laryngeal SqCC (LaSqCC) and esophageal SqCC (ESqCC) cancers, totaling 13,887 cases and 61,961 controls of European ancestry. We identified one novel genome-wide significant (Pmeta<5x10-8) aerodigestive SqCC susceptibility loci in the 2q33.1 region (rs56321285, TMEM273). Additionally, three previously unknown loci reached suggestive significance (Pmeta<5x10-7): 1q32.1 (rs12133735, near MDM4), 5q31.2 (rs13181561, TMEM173) and 19p13.11 (rs61494113, ABHD8). Multiple previously identified loci for aerodigestive SqCC also showed evidence of pleiotropy in at least another SqCC site, these include: 4q23 (ADH1B), 6p21.33 (STK19), 6p21.32 (HLA-DQB1), 9p21.33 (CDKN2B-AS1) and 13q13.1(BRCA2). Gene-based association and gene set enrichment identified a set of 48 SqCC-related genes rel to DNA damage and epigenetic regulation pathways. Our study highlights the importance of cross-cancer analyses to identify pleiotropic risk loci of histology-related cancers arising at distinct anatomical sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Lesseur
- Section of Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aida Ferreiro-Iglesias
- Section of Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - James D. McKay
- Section of Genetics, Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Section of Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- Section of Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Neil C. Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Medicine, Baylor college of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gadi Rennert
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melinda C. Aldrich
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Adonina Tardon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and CIBERESP, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - John K. Field
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Dawn Teare
- School of Health and Related Research, University Of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Ferris
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark C. Weissler
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Martin Lacko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Risch
- University of Salzburg, Department of Biosciences and Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Division of Epigenomics, DKFZ – German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bickeböller
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andy R. Ness
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Thomas
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Eloiza H. Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Angeline S. Andrew
- Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Gary M. Clifford
- Infections Section, Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Philip Lazarus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kjell Grankvist
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Susanne Arnold
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hans Brunnström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health - Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Gabriella Cadoni
- Dipartimento Patologia Testa Collo e Organi di Senso, Istituto di Clinica Otorinolaringoiatrica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italia
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ma’en Obeidat
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul’s Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Xiangjun Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Baylor college of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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2
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Silva MR, Gattás GJF, De Antonio J, Firigato I, Curioni OA, Gonçalves FDT. Polymorphisms of CHRNA3 and CHRNA5: Head and neck cancer and cigarette consumption intensity in a Brazilian population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e998. [PMID: 31599127 PMCID: PMC6900374 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette consumption has been identified as the main non‐etiological factor in head and neck cancer (HNC) development. One of the main compounds in cigarettes is nicotine, which binds directly to nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAchRs) in the body, which are encoded by different genes of the CHRNA family. Polymorphisms in some of these genes have been studied in relation to the risk of HNC and cigarette consumption intensity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there were associations between the CHRNA3 (rs578776) and CHRNA5 (rs16969968) polymorphisms and HNC risk and between the polymorphisms and the intensity of cigarette consumption. Methods A total of 1,067 individuals from Heliopolis Hospital in São Paulo were investigated, including 619 patients with HNC and 448 patients without diagnosed tumors. All participants answered a questionnaire about sociodemographic information and cigarette consumption data. The polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan genotyping by real‐time PCR. Results The polymorphisms studied, rs578776 (CHRNA3) and rs16969968 (CHRNA5), did not have an association with HNC risk, but the rs16969968 homozygous genotype was associated with increased cigarette consumption intensity (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.05–3.58). Conclusion The polymorphism CHRNA5 can be considered an indirect risk factor for neoplasms in these Brazilian samples when cigarette consumption increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana R Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ética Médica, Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Instituto Oscar Freire, LIM-40, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilka J F Gattás
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ética Médica, Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Instituto Oscar Freire, LIM-40, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana De Antonio
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ética Médica, Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Instituto Oscar Freire, LIM-40, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Firigato
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ética Médica, Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Instituto Oscar Freire, LIM-40, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otávio A Curioni
- Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital Heliópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Toledo Gonçalves
- Departamento de Medicina Legal e Ética Médica, Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Instituto Oscar Freire, LIM-40, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Byun J, Schwartz AG, Lusk C, Wenzlaff AS, de Andrade M, Mandal D, Gaba C, Yang P, You M, Kupert EY, Anderson MW, Han Y, Li Y, Qian D, Stilp A, Laurie C, Nelson S, Zheng W, Hung RJ, Gaborieau V, Mckay J, Brennan P, Caporaso NE, Landi MT, Wu X, McLaughlin JR, Brhane Y, Bossé Y, Pinney SM, Bailey-Wilson JE, Amos CI. Genome-wide association study of familial lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1135-1140. [PMID: 29924316 PMCID: PMC6148967 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify genetic variation associated with lung cancer risk, we performed a genome-wide association analysis of 685 lung cancer cases that had a family history of two or more first or second degree relatives compared with 744 controls without lung cancer that were genotyped on an Illumina Human OmniExpressExome-8v1 array. To ensure robust results, we further evaluated these findings using data from six additional studies that were assembled through the Transdisciplinary Research on Cancer of the Lung Consortium comprising 1993 familial cases and 33 690 controls. We performed a meta-analysis after imputation of all variants using the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 1 (version 3 release date September 2013). Analyses were conducted for 9 327 222 SNPs integrating data from the two sources. A novel variant on chromosome 4p15.31 near the LCORL gene and an imputed rare variant intergenic between CDKN2A and IFNA8 on chromosome 9p21.3 were identified at a genome-wide level of significance for squamous cell carcinomas. Additionally, associations of CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 on chromosome 15q25.1 in sporadic lung cancer were confirmed at a genome-wide level of significance in familial lung cancer. Previously identified variants in or near CHRNA2, BRCA2, CYP2A6 for overall lung cancer, TERT, SECISPB2L and RTEL1 for adenocarcinoma and RAD52 and MHC for squamous carcinoma were significantly associated with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Byun
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christine Lusk
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Mariza de Andrade
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Colette Gaba
- University of Toledo Dana Cancer Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ming You
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Younghun Han
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Yafang Li
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - David Qian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Adrienne Stilp
- Genetic Analysis Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathy Laurie
- Genetic Analysis Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Nelson
- Genetic Analysis Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wenying Zheng
- Genetic Analysis Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Gaborieau
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - James Mckay
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yonathan Brhane
- Genetic Analysis Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Susan M Pinney
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Kalavrezos N, Scully C. Mouth Cancer for Clinicians Part 5: Risk Factors (Other). DENTAL UPDATE 2015; 42:766-8, 771-2, 775-6 passim. [PMID: 26685475 DOI: 10.12968/denu.2015.42.8.766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A MEDLINE search early in 2015 revealed more than 250,000 papers on head and neck cancer; over 100,000 on oral cancer; and over 60,000 on mouth cancer. Not all publications contain robust evidence. We endeavour to encapsulate the most important of the latest information and advances now employed in practice, in a form comprehensible to healthcare workers, patients and their carers. This series offers the primary care dental team, in particular, an overview of the aetiopathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and multidisciplinary care of mouth cancer, the functional and psychosocial implications, and minimization of the impact on the quality of life of patient and family. Clinical Relevance: This article offers the dental team an overview of other cancer risk factors agents, such as human papilloma viruses (HPV) and irradiation.
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Winn DM, Lee YCA, Hashibe M, Boffetta P. The INHANCE consortium: toward a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of head and neck cancer. Oral Dis 2015; 21:685-93. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DM Winn
- National Cancer Institute; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Y-CA Lee
- Division of Public Health; Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - M Hashibe
- Division of Public Health; Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute; University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - P Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
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Wassenaar CA, Ye Y, Cai Q, Aldrich MC, Knight J, Spitz MR, Wu X, Blot WJ, Tyndale RF. CYP2A6 reduced activity gene variants confer reduction in lung cancer risk in African American smokers--findings from two independent populations. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:99-103. [PMID: 25416559 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated genetic variation in CYP2A6 in relation to lung cancer risk among African American smokers, a high-risk population. Previously, we found that CYP2A6, a nicotine/nitrosamine metabolism gene, was associated with lung cancer risk in European Americans, but smoking habits, lung cancer risk and CYP2A6 gene variants differ significantly between European and African ancestry populations. Herein, African American ever-smokers, drawn from two independent lung cancer case-control studies, were genotyped for reduced activity CYP2A6 alleles and grouped by predicted metabolic activity. Lung cancer risk in the Southern Community Cohort Study (n = 494) was lower among CYP2A6 reduced versus normal metabolizers, as estimated by multivariate conditional logistic regression [odds ratio (OR) = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.26-0.73] and by unconditional logistic regression (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.41-0.94). The association was replicated in an independent study from MD Anderson Cancer Center (n = 407) (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.42-0.98), and pooling the studies yielded an OR of 0.64 (95% CI = 0.48-0.86). Exploratory analyses revealed a significant interaction between CYP2A6 genotype and sex on the risk for lung cancer (Southern Community Cohort Study: P = 0.04; MD Anderson: P = 0.03; Pooled studies: P = 0.002) with a CYP2A6 effect in men only. These findings support a contribution of genetic variation in CYP2A6 to lung cancer risk among African American smokers, particularly men, whereby CYP2A6 genotypes associated with reduced metabolic activity confer a lower risk of developing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Wassenaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Melinda C Aldrich
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA, Department of Thoracic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Joanne Knight
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Margaret R Spitz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA and
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA, International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada,
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7
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Anantharaman D, Chabrier A, Gaborieau V, Franceschi S, Herrero R, Rajkumar T, Samant T, Mahimkar MB, Brennan P, McKay JD. Genetic variants in nicotine addiction and alcohol metabolism genes, oral cancer risk and the propensity to smoke and drink alcohol: a replication study in India. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88240. [PMID: 24505444 PMCID: PMC3914962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and alcohol metabolism genes have been associated with propensity to smoke tobacco and drink alcohol, respectively, and also implicated in genetic susceptibility to head and neck cancer. In addition to smoking and alcohol, tobacco chewing is an important oral cancer risk factor in India. It is not known if these genetic variants influence propensity or oral cancer susceptibility in the context of this distinct etiology. METHODS We examined 639 oral and pharyngeal cancer cases and 791 controls from two case-control studies conducted in India. We investigated six variants known to influence nicotine addiction or alcohol metabolism, including rs16969968 (CHRNA5), rs578776 (CHRNA3), rs1229984 (ADH1B), rs698 (ADH1C), rs1573496 (ADH7), and rs4767364 (ALDH2). RESULTS The CHRN variants were associated with the number of chewing events per day, including in those who chewed tobacco but never smoked (P = 0.003, P = 0.01 for rs16969968 and rs578776 respectively). Presence of the variant allele contributed to approximately 13% difference in chewing frequency compared to non-carriers. While no association was observed between rs16969968 and oral cancer risk (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.83- 1.22), rs578776 was modestly associated with a 16% decreased risk of oral cancer (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72- 0.98). There was little evidence for association between polymorphisms in genes encoding alcohol metabolism and oral cancer in this population. CONCLUSION The association between rs16969968 and number of chewing events implies that the effect on smoking propensity conferred by this gene variant extends to the use of smokeless tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devasena Anantharaman
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Chabrier
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Gaborieau
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Prevention and Implementation Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Tanuja Samant
- Mahimkar Lab, Advanced Center for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Manoj B. Mahimkar
- Mahimkar Lab, Advanced Center for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - James D. McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Foy JP, Bertolus C, William WN, Saintigny P. Oral premalignancy: the roles of early detection and chemoprevention. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2013; 46:579-97. [PMID: 23910471 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Premalignancy and chemoprevention studies in head and neck cancer typically focus on the oral cavity. Avoiding or cessation of alcohol and smoking, early detection of potentially malignant disorders or cancer, and early detection of recurrent and/or second primary tumor form the basis of prevention of oral cancer. Analysis of tissue prospectively collected in evaluation of retinoids for chemoprevention trials allowed identification of molecular biomarkers of risk to develop oral cancer, loss of heterozygosity being the most validated one. Improving risk assessment and identification of new targets for chemoprevention represent the main challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Foy
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 boulevard de l' Hôpital, Paris 75013, France
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Ware JJ, van den Bree M, Munafò MR. From men to mice: CHRNA5/CHRNA3, smoking behavior and disease. Nicotine Tob Res 2012; 14:1291-9. [PMID: 22544838 PMCID: PMC3482013 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene cluster CHRNA5-A3-B4 on chromosome 15 has been the subject of a considerable body of research over recent years. Two highly correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this region--rs16969968 in CHRNA5 and rs1051730 in CHRNA3--have generated particular interest. METHODS We reviewed the literature relating to SNPs rs16969968 and rs1051730 and smoking-related phenotypes, and clinical and preclinical studies, which shed light on the mechanisms underlying these associations. RESULTS Following the initial discovery of an association between this locus and smoking behavior, further associations with numerous phenotypes have been subsequently identified, including smoking-related behaviors, diseases, and cognitive phenotypes. Potential mechanisms thought to underlie these have also been described, as well as possible gene × environment interaction effects. CONCLUSIONS Perhaps counter to the usual route of scientific inquiry, these initial findings, based exclusively on human samples and strengthened by their identification through agnostic genome-wide methods, have led to preclinical research focused on determining the mechanism underlying these associations. Progress has been made using knockout mouse models, highlighting the importance of α5 nAChR subunits in regulating nicotine intake, particularly those localized to the habenula-interpeduncular nucleus pathway. Translational research seeking to evaluate the effect of nicotine challenge on brain activation as a function of rs16969968 genotype using neuroimaging technologies is now called for, which may point to new targets for novel smoking cessation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Ware
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Cardiff University, 1st Floor Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff CF14 4YS, United Kingdom.
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10
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Matsuo K, Gallus S, Negri E, Kawakita D, Oze I, Hosono S, Ito H, Hatooka S, Hasegawa Y, Shinoda M, Tajima K, La Vecchia C, Tanaka H. Time to First Cigarette and Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancer Risk in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1986-92. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Tammimäki A, Herder P, Li P, Esch C, Laughlin JR, Akk G, Stitzel JA. Impact of human D398N single nucleotide polymorphism on intracellular calcium response mediated by α3β4α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1002-11. [PMID: 22820273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The human CHRNA5 D398N polymorphism (rs16969968) causes an aspartic acid to asparagine change in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α5 subunit gene. The N398 variant of CHRNA5 is linked to increased risk for nicotine dependence. In this study, we explored the effect of the CHRNA5 D398N polymorphism on the properties of human α3β4* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Addition of either D398 or N398 variant of α5 subunit in the α3β4* receptor did not affect total [(125)I]-epibatidine binding or surface expression of the receptor. However, addition of α5(D398) into α3β4* receptor decreased the maximal response to agonist without significantly affecting EC(50) in aequorin intracellular calcium assay. α3β4α5(N398) nAChRs showed further decreased maximal response. The differences in agonist efficacy between the receptor subtypes were found to be dependent upon the concentration of external calcium but independent of external sodium. Moreover, activation of α3β4α5 nAChRs led to significantly greater intracellular calcium release from IP(3) stores relative to α3β4 nAChRs although no effect of the α5 polymorphism was observed. Finally, inclusion of the α5 variant caused a small shift to the left in IC(50) for some of the antagonists tested, depending upon α5 variant but did not affect sensitivity of α3β4* receptors to desensitization in response to incubation with nicotine. In conclusion, addition of either variant of α5 into an α3β4α5 receptor similarly effects receptor pharmacology and function. However, the N398 variant exhibits a reduced response to agonists when extracellular calcium is high and it may lead to distinct downstream cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Tammimäki
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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12
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Johansson M, Roberts A, Chen D, Li Y, Delahaye-Sourdeix M, Aswani N, Greenwood MA, Benhamou S, Lagiou P, Holcátová I, Richiardi L, Kjaerheim K, Agudo A, Castellsagué X, Macfarlane TV, Barzan L, Canova C, Thakker NS, Conway DI, Znaor A, Healy CM, Ahrens W, Zaridze D, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Lissowska J, Fabiánová E, Mates IN, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Curado MP, Koifman S, Menezes A, Wünsch-Filho V, Eluf-Neto J, Boffetta P, Franceschi S, Herrero R, Fernandez Garrote L, Talamini R, Boccia S, Galan P, Vatten L, Thomson P, Zelenika D, Lathrop M, Byrnes G, Cunningham H, Brennan P, Wakefield J, Mckay JD. Using prior information from the medical literature in GWAS of oral cancer identifies novel susceptibility variant on chromosome 4--the AdAPT method. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36888. [PMID: 22662130 PMCID: PMC3360735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) require large sample sizes to obtain adequate statistical power, but it may be possible to increase the power by incorporating complementary data. In this study we investigated the feasibility of automatically retrieving information from the medical literature and leveraging this information in GWAS. Methods We developed a method that searches through PubMed abstracts for pre-assigned keywords and key concepts, and uses this information to assign prior probabilities of association for each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the phenotype of interest - the Adjusting Association Priors with Text (AdAPT) method. Association results from a GWAS can subsequently be ranked in the context of these priors using the Bayes False Discovery Probability (BFDP) framework. We initially tested AdAPT by comparing rankings of known susceptibility alleles in a previous lung cancer GWAS, and subsequently applied it in a two-phase GWAS of oral cancer. Results Known lung cancer susceptibility SNPs were consistently ranked higher by AdAPT BFDPs than by p-values. In the oral cancer GWAS, we sought to replicate the top five SNPs as ranked by AdAPT BFDPs, of which rs991316, located in the ADH gene region of 4q23, displayed a statistically significant association with oral cancer risk in the replication phase (per-rare-allele log additive p-value [ptrend] = 2.5×10−3). The combined OR for having one additional rare allele was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76–0.90), and this association was independent of previously identified susceptibility SNPs that are associated with overall UADT cancer in this gene region. We also investigated if rs991316 was associated with other cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), but no additional association signal was found. Conclusion This study highlights the potential utility of systematically incorporating prior knowledge from the medical literature in genome-wide analyses using the AdAPT methodology. AdAPT is available online (url: http://services.gate.ac.uk/lld/gwas/service/config).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Johansson
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (MJ); (JDM)
| | - Angus Roberts
- GATE team, Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Chen
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Yaoyong Li
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Niraj Aswani
- GATE team, Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Greenwood
- GATE team, Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Benhamou
- INSERM U946, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR8200, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ivana Holcátová
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Castellsagué
- Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Canova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nalin S. Thakker
- School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David I. Conway
- University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ariana Znaor
- Croatian National Cancer Registry, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Institute for Epidemiology and Prevention Research (BIPS), Bremen, Germany
- Institute for Statistics, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany
| | - David Zaridze
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Vladimir Bencko
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology,1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Maria Paula Curado
- International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), Ecully, France
- Hospital Araujo Jorge da ACCG, Goias, Brazil
| | - Sergio Koifman
- National School of Public Health/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Menezes
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), Ecully, France
- The Tisch Cancer Institute Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- Section of Infections, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Rolando Herrero
- Instituto de Investigación Epidemiológica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Stefania Boccia
- Institute of Hygiene, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Pilar Galan
- INSERM U557 (UMR Inserm; INRA; CNAM, Université Paris 13), Paris, France
- CRNH IdF, Bobigny, France
| | - Lars Vatten
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Thomson
- Dental School, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Zelenika
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut Génomique, Commissariat à l'énergie Atomique, Evry, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut Génomique, Commissariat à l'énergie Atomique, Evry, France
- Fondation Jean Dausset-CEPH, Paris, France
| | - Graham Byrnes
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Hamish Cunningham
- GATE team, Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jon Wakefield
- Department of Biostatistics and Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James D. Mckay
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (MJ); (JDM)
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Wei C, Han Y, Spitz MR, Wu X, Chancoco H, Akiva P, Rechavi G, Brand H, Wun I, Frazier ML, Amos CI. A case-control study of a sex-specific association between a 15q25 variant and lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:2603-9. [PMID: 22028403 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants located at 15q25, including those in the cholinergic receptor nicotinic cluster (CHRNA5) have been implicated in both lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence in recent genome-wide association studies. Among these variants, a 22-bp insertion/deletion, rs3841324 showed the strongest association with CHRNA5 mRNA expression levels. However the influence of rs3841324 on lung cancer risk has not been studied in depth. METHODS We have, therefore, evaluated the association of rs3841324 genotypes with lung cancer risk in a case-control study of 624 Caucasian subjects with lung cancer and 766 age- and sex-matched cancer-free Caucasian controls. We also evaluated the joint effects of rs3841324 with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs16969968 and rs8034191 in the 15q25 region that have been consistently implicated in lung cancer risk. RESULTS We found that the homozygous genotype with both short alleles (SS) of rs3841324 was associated with a decreased lung cancer risk in female ever smokers relative to the homozygous wild-type (LL) and heterozygous (LS) genotypes combined in a recessive model [OR(adjusted) = 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.31-0.89, P = 0.0168]. There was no evidence for a sex difference in the association between this variant and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). Diplotype analysis of rs3841324 with either rs16969968 or rs8034191 showed that these polymorphisms influenced the lung cancer risk independently. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPACT This study has shown a sex difference in the association between the 15q25 variant rs3841324 and lung cancers. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjuan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
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Jaworowska E, Trubicka J, Lener MR, Masojć B, Złowocka-Perłowska E, McKay JD, Renard H, Oszutowska D, Wokołorczyk D, Lubiński J, Grodzki T, Serwatowski P, Nej-Wołosiak K, Tołoczko-Grabarek A, Sikorski A, Słojewski M, Jakubowska A, Cybulski C, Lubiński J, Scott RJ. Smoking related cancers and loci at chromosomes 15q25, 5p15, 6p22.1 and 6p21.33 in the Polish population. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25057. [PMID: 21966413 PMCID: PMC3178595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors associated with the risk of smoking related cancers have until recently remained elusive. Since the publication of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on lung cancer new genetic loci have been identified that appear to be associated with disease risk. In this replication study we genotyped 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at the 5p12.3-p15.33, 6p21.3-p22.1, 6q23-q27 and 15q25.1 loci in 874 lung, 450 bladder, 418 laryngeal cancer cases and cancer-free controls, matched by year of birth and sex to the cases. Our results revealed that loci in the chromosome region 15q25.1 (rs16969968[A], rs8034191[G]) and 5p15 (rs402710[T]) are associated with lung cancer risk in the Polish population (smoking status adjusted OR = 1.45, 1.35, 0.77; p ≤ 0.0001, 0.0005, 0.002; 95%CI 1.23-1.72, 1.14-1.59, 0.66-0.91 respectively). None of the other regions analyzed herein were implicated in the risk of lung, bladder or laryngeal cancer. This study supports previous findings on lung cancer but fails to show association of SNPs located in 15q25.1 and 5p15 region with other smoking related cancers like bladder and laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jaworowska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Trubicka
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin R. Lener
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Masojć
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Radiotherapy, Western Pomeranian Oncology Center, Szczecin, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Elżbieta Złowocka-Perłowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - James D. McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Renard
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Lyon, France
| | - Dorota Oszutowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wokołorczyk
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Lubiński
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grodzki
- Regional Hospital for Lung Diseases, Szczecin-Zdunowo, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Nej-Wołosiak
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tołoczko-Grabarek
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sikorski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marcin Słojewski
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathomorphology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rodney J. Scott
- Discipline of Medical Genetics, University of Newcastle and The Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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