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Liu L, O’Kelly D, Schuetze R, Carlson G, Zhou H, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Acute Effects of Tubulin Binding Agents: A Review of Imaging Vascular Disruption in Tumors. Molecules 2021; 26:2551. [PMID: 33925707 PMCID: PMC8125421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature proliferates rapidly, generally lacks pericyte coverage, and is uniquely fragile making it an attractive therapeutic target. A subset of small-molecule tubulin binding agents cause disaggregation of the endothelial cytoskeleton leading to enhanced vascular permeability generating increased interstitial pressure. The resulting vascular collapse and ischemia cause downstream hypoxia, ultimately leading to cell death and necrosis. Thus, local damage generates massive amplification and tumor destruction. The tumor vasculature is readily accessed and potentially a common target irrespective of disease site in the body. Development of a therapeutic approach and particularly next generation agents benefits from effective non-invasive assays. Imaging technologies offer varying degrees of sophistication and ease of implementation. This review considers technological strengths and weaknesses with examples from our own laboratory. Methods reveal vascular extent and patency, as well as insights into tissue viability, proliferation and necrosis. Spatiotemporal resolution ranges from cellular microscopy to single slice tomography and full three-dimensional views of whole tumors and measurements can be sufficiently rapid to reveal acute changes or long-term outcomes. Since imaging is non-invasive, each tumor may serve as its own control making investigations particularly efficient and rigorous. The concept of tumor vascular disruption was proposed over 30 years ago and it remains an active area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Devin O’Kelly
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Regan Schuetze
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Graham Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Heling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
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Fiordelisi MF, Cavaliere C, Auletta L, Basso L, Salvatore M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Translational Research in Oncology. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111883. [PMID: 31698697 PMCID: PMC6912299 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of results from the preclinical to the clinical setting is often anything other than straightforward. Indeed, ideas and even very intriguing results obtained at all levels of preclinical research, i.e., in vitro, on animal models, or even in clinical trials, often require much effort to validate, and sometimes, even useful data are lost or are demonstrated to be inapplicable in the clinic. In vivo, small-animal, preclinical imaging uses almost the same technologies in terms of hardware and software settings as for human patients, and hence, might result in a more rapid translation. In this perspective, magnetic resonance imaging might be the most translatable technique, since only in rare cases does it require the use of contrast agents, and when not, sequences developed in the lab can be readily applied to patients, thanks to their non-invasiveness. The wide range of sequences can give much useful information on the anatomy and pathophysiology of oncologic lesions in different body districts. This review aims to underline the versatility of this imaging technique and its various approaches, reporting the latest preclinical studies on thyroid, breast, and prostate cancers, both on small laboratory animals and on human patients, according to our previous and ongoing research lines.
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Daei Farshchi Adli A, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Samandari-Rad S, Zarghami N. An overview on Vadimezan (DMXAA): The vascular disrupting agent. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 91:996-1006. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Daei Farshchi Adli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Student Research Committee; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Sonia Samandari-Rad
- Faculty of Medicine; Physiology Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Iranian National Science Foundation; Tehran Iran
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Mignion L, Danhier P, Magat J, Porporato PE, Masquelier J, Gregoire V, Muccioli GG, Sonveaux P, Gallez B, Jordan BF. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of early metabolic tumor response to therapies targeting choline metabolism. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2043-9. [PMID: 26595604 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cholinic phenotype, characterized by elevated phosphocholine and a high production of total-choline (tCho)-containing metabolites, is a metabolic hallmark of cancer. It can be exploited for targeted therapy. Non-invasive imaging biomarkers are required to evaluate an individual's response to targeted anticancer agents that usually do not rapidly cause tumor shrinkage. Because metabolic changes can manifest at earlier stages of therapy than changes in tumor size, the aim of the current study was to evaluate (1)H-MRS and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) as markers of tumor response to the modulation of the choline pathway in mammary tumor xenografts. Inhibition of choline kinase activity was achieved with the direct pharmacological inhibitor H-89, indirect inhibitor sorafenib and down-regulation of choline-kinase α (ChKA) expression using specific short-hairpin RNA (shRNA). While all three strategies significantly decreased tCho tumor content in vivo, only sorafenib and anti-ChKA shRNA significantly repressed tumor growth. The increase of apparent-diffusion-coefficient of water (ADCw) measured by DW-MRI, was predictive of the induced necrosis and inhibition of the tumor growth in sorafenib treated mice, while the absence of change in ADC values in H89 treated mice predicted the absence of effect in terms of tumor necrosis and tumor growth. In conclusion, (1)H-choline spectroscopy can be useful as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for choline targeted agents, while DW-MRI can be used as an early marker of effective tumor response to choline targeted therapies. DW-MRI combined to choline spectroscopy may provide a useful non-invasive marker for the early clinical assessment of tumor response to therapies targeting choline signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Mignion
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.08, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.08, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Magat
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.08, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut De Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 52 Box B1.53.09, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 72 Box B1.72.01, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Gregoire
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Hippocrate, 55 Box B1.55.02, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 72 Box B1.72.01, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut De Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 52 Box B1.53.09, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.08, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier, 73 Box B1.73.08, Brussels, Belgium
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McIntyre DJO, Madhu B, Lee SH, Griffiths JR. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cancer metabolism and response to therapy. Radiat Res 2012; 177:398-435. [PMID: 22401303 DOI: 10.1667/rr2903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows noninvasive in vivo measurements of biochemical information from living systems, ranging from cultured cells through experimental animals to humans. Studies of biopsies or extracts offer deeper insights by detecting more metabolites and resolving metabolites that cannot be distinguished in vivo. The pharmacokinetics of certain drugs, especially fluorinated drugs, can be directly measured in vivo. This review briefly describes these methods and their applications to cancer metabolism, including glycolysis, hypoxia, bioenergetics, tumor pH, and tumor responses to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J O McIntyre
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.
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Zeng Q, Peng S, Monie A, Yang M, Pang X, Hung CF, Wu TC. Control of cervicovaginal HPV-16 E7-expressing tumors by the combination of therapeutic HPV vaccination and vascular disrupting agents. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:809-19. [PMID: 21128743 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Antigen-specific immunotherapy and vascular disrupting agents, such as 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), have emerged as attractive approaches for the treatment of cancers. In the current study, we tested the combination of DMXAA treatment with therapeutic human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 peptide-based vaccination for their ability to generate E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses, as well as their ability to control E7-expressing tumors in a subcutaneous and a cervicovaginal tumor model. We found that the combination of DMXAA treatment with E7 long peptide (amino acids 43-62) vaccination mixed with polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic generated significantly stronger E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses and antitumor effects compared with treatment with DMXAA alone or HPV peptide vaccination alone in the subcutaneous model. Additionally, we found that the DMXAA-mediated enhancement of E7-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses generated by the therapeutic HPV peptide-based vaccine was dependent on the timing of administration of DMXAA. Treatment with DMXAA in tumor-bearing mice was also shown to lead to increased dendritic cell maturation and increased production of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor. Furthermore, we observed that the combination of DMXAA with HPV-16 E7 peptide vaccination generated a significant enhancement in the antitumor effects in the cervicovaginal TC-1 tumor growth model, which closely resembles the tumor microenvironment of cervical cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrated that administration of the vascular disrupting agent, DMXAA, enhances therapeutic HPV vaccine-induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and antitumor effects against E7-expressing tumors in two different locations. Our study has significant implications for future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 200433
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Wang H, Marchal G, Ni Y. Multiparametric MRI biomarkers for measuring vascular disrupting effect on cancer. World J Radiol 2011; 3:1-16. [PMID: 21286490 PMCID: PMC3030722 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v3.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid malignancies have to develop their own blood supply for their aggressive growth and metastasis; a process known as tumor angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is largely involved in tumor survival, progression and spread, which are known to be significantly attributed to treatment failures. Over the past decades, efforts have been made to understand the difference between normal and tumor vessels. It has been demonstrated that tumor vasculature is structurally immature with chaotic and leaky phenotypes, which provides opportunities for developing novel anticancer strategies. Targeting tumor vasculature is not only a unique therapeutic intervention to starve neoplastic cells, but also enhances the efficacy of conventional cancer treatments. Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) have been developed to disrupt the already existing neovasculature in actively growing tumors, cause catastrophic vascular shutdown within short time, and induce secondary tumor necrosis. VDAs are cytostatic; they can only inhibit tumor growth, but not eradicate the tumor. This novel drug mechanism has urged us to develop multiparametric imaging biomarkers to monitor early hemodynamic alterations, cellular dysfunctions and metabolic impairments before tumor dimensional changes can be detected. In this article, we review the characteristics of tumor vessels, tubulin-destabilizing mechanisms of VDAs, and in vivo effects of the VDAs that have been mostly studied in preclinical studies and clinical trials. We also compare the different tumor models adopted in the preclinical studies on VDAs. Multiparametric imaging biomarkers, mainly diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging from magnetic resonance imaging, are evaluated for their potential as morphological and functional imaging biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effects of VDAs.
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Kagadis GC, Loudos G, Katsanos K, Langer SG, Nikiforidis GC. In vivosmall animal imaging: Current status and future prospects. Med Phys 2010; 37:6421-42. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3515456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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9
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Serkova NJ, Hasebroock KM, Kraft SL. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of living tissues. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 520:315-27. [PMID: 19381964 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-811-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive work of both clinical and basic science colleagues has demonstrated a clear proof of concept for "in vitro discovered- in vivo validated" biomarkers in translational metabolic profiling research using magnetic resonance techniques. Major tissue metabolites (initially discovered by high-resolution in vitro techniques on cancer specimens) can be translated into in vivo protocols based on noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using (1)H- and (31)P-MRS on living animals or patients, a decrease in citrate and polyamines in prostate cancer, an increase of cholines in breast cancer, as well as a decreased NAA and an increased lactate in gliomas during cancer progression can be assessed noninvasively. MRS can be used to follow up conventional cytotoxic as well as targeted anticancer therapies, which has been extensively done in animal models of cancer. This review focuses on applications and protocol development for in vivo (1)H- and (31)P-MRS on small animal models as well as on larger animals in cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Anesthesiology and Radiology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Madhu B, Robinson SP, Howe FA, Griffiths JR. Effect of Gd-DTPA-BMA on choline signals of HT29 tumors detected by in vivo1H MRS. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 28:1201-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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11
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Huang MQ, Pickup S, Nelson DS, Qiao H, Xu HN, Li LZ, Zhou R, Delikatny EJ, Poptani H, Glickson JD. Monitoring response to chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts by T(2)-weighted and diffusion-weighted MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:1021-1029. [PMID: 18988250 PMCID: PMC6594105 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An effective method for in vivo detection of early therapeutic response of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma would enable personalized clinical management of cancer therapy and facilitate the design of optimal treatment regimens. This study evaluates the feasibility of T(2)-weighted MRI (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for in vivo detection of response of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient mice to chemotherapy. Each cycle of combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, Oncovin, prednisone, and bryostatin 1 (CHOPB) was administered to tumor-carrying mice weekly for up to four cycles. T2WI and DWI were performed before the initiation of CHOPB and after each cycle of CHOPB. In order to corroborate the MRI results, histological analyses were carried out on control tumors and treated tumors after completion of all MRI studies. DWI revealed a significant (P < 0.03) increase in the mean apparent diffusion coefficient in CHOPB-treated tumors as early as 1 week after initiation of CHOPB. However, a significant (P < 0.03) decrease in mean T(2) was observed only after two cycles of CHOPB. Both MRI methods produced high-resolution (0.1 x 0.1 x 1.0 mm(3)) maps of regional therapeutic response in the treated tumors based on local apparent diffusion coefficient and T(2). Only a specific region of the tumors (in 3 of the 5 tumors) corresponding to about one third of the tumor volume exhibited a response-associate increase in ADC and decrease in T(2). An adjacent region exhibited an increase in T(2) and no change in ADC. The rest of the tumor was indistinguishable from sham-treated controls by MRI criteria. The therapeutic response of the treated tumors detected by MRI was accompanied by changes in tumor cell density, proliferation and apoptosis revealed by histological studies performed upon completion of the longitudinal study. The mechanism producing the regional response of the tumor remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerry D. Glickson
- Correspondence to: J. D.
Glickson, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
19104, USA.
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Vessel size index magnetic resonance imaging to monitor the effect of antivascular treatment in a rodent tumor model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 71:1470-6. [PMID: 18538948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vascular disrupting agents are anticancer agents that typically produce a cytostatic tumor response. Vessel size index magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for the estimation of the fractional blood volume (fBV) and blood vessel size (Rv). We assessed whether the vessel size index parameters provided imaging biomarkers for detecting early tumor response to a vascular disrupting agent. METHODS AND MATERIALS GH3 prolactinomas were grown subcutaneously in 12 rats. Vessel size index MRI was performed with Sinerem, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide intravascular contrast agent, to determine the tumor fBV and Rv. MRI was performed before and at 24 h after treatment with either the vascular disrupting agent, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone 4-acetic acid (DMXAA) (n = 6) or with the drug vehicle (n = 6). After treatment, the tumors were analyzed histologically and correlates with the MRI findings sought. RESULTS Histogram analysis showed non-normal distributions of Rv and fBV. The 25th percentiles of the fBV and Rv were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) after treatment with DMXAA, with an increase in the regions of low-measured fBV. For the treated and control tumors, the fraction of tumor with an fBV of < or =1% correlated with the histologically determined percentage of necrosis (r = 0.77, p < 0.005). The fraction of tumor with an fBV of < or =1% in treated tumors was significantly increased compared with before treatment (p < 0.05) and with that in the controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The vessel size index results were consistent with the known action of DMXAA to cause vascular collapse, with histogram analysis of the fBV providing the most sensitive indicator of response. In particular, the parameter, the fraction of tumor with an fBV of < or =1% is a potential biomarker that correlates with the histopathologic measure of tumor necrosis.
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Chung YL, Troy H, Kristeleit R, Aherne W, Jackson LE, Atadja P, Griffiths JR, Judson IR, Workman P, Leach MO, Beloueche-Babari M. Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic pharmacodynamic markers of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, LAQ824, in human colon carcinoma cells and xenografts. Neoplasia 2008; 10:303-13. [PMID: 18392140 PMCID: PMC2288545 DOI: 10.1593/neo.07834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 01/27/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to use phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P MRS) to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects of LAQ824, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. Human HT29 colon carcinoma cells were examined by (31)P MRS after treatment with LAQ824 and another HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. HT29 xenografts and tumor extracts were also examined using (31)P MRS, pre- and post-LAQ824 treatment. Histone H3 acetylation was determined using Western blot analysis, and tumor microvessel density by immunohistochemical staining of CD31. Phosphocholine showed a significant increase in HT29 cells after treatment with LAQ824 and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. In vivo, the ratio of phosphomonoester/total phosphorus (TotP) signal was significantly increased in LAQ824-treated HT29 xenografts, and this ratio was inversely correlated with changes in tumor volume. Statistically significant decreases in intracellular pH, beta-nucleoside triphosphate (beta-NTP)/TotP, and beta-NTP/inorganic phosphate (Pi) and an increase in Pi/TotP were also seen in LAQ824-treated tumors. Tumor extracts showed many significant metabolic changes after LAQ824 treatment, in parallel with increased histone acetylation and decreased microvessel density. Treatment with LAQ824 resulted in altered phospholipid metabolism and compromised tumor bioenergetics. The phosphocholine and phosphomonoester increases may have the potential to act as pharmacodynamic markers for noninvasively monitoring tumor response after treatment with LAQ824 or other HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen-Li Chung
- Cancer Research UK, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, UK.
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McKeage MJ. The potential of DMXAA (ASA404) in combination with docetaxel in advanced prostate cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17:23-9. [PMID: 18095916 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.17.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) is a vascular disrupting agent that has demonstrated efficacy in combination with taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced cancer. Complementary modes of action, a lack of pharmacokinetic interaction and distinct adverse effect profiles provide a strong rationale for combining these anticancer agents. In a Phase II trial in men with hormone refractory prostate cancer, DMXAA (ASA404) in combination with docetaxel achieved a prostate-specific antigen response in more patients than docetaxel therapy alone, and was generally well tolerated. Further clinical evaluation of this combination in this patient population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J McKeage
- The University of Auckland, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Chung YL, Griffiths JR. Using metabolomics to monitor anticancer drugs. ERNST SCHERING FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS 2008:55-78. [PMID: 18811053 DOI: 10.1007/2789_2008_089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The metabolome of a cancer cell is likely to show changes after responding to an anticancer drug. These changes could be used to decide whether to continue treatment or, in the context of a drug trial, to indicate whether the drug is working and perhaps its mechanism of action. (Nuclear) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR/MRS) methods can offer important insights into novel anticancer agents in order to accelerate the drug development process including time-course studies on the effect of a drug on its site of action (termed pharmacodynamics), in this case the cancer. In addition, some classes of anticancer agents currently under development (e.g. antiangiogenics) are designed to be used in combination with other drugs and will not cause tumour shrinkage when used as single agents in Phase 1 clinical trials. Thus NMR/MRS may have a special role in monitoring the pharmacodynamic actions of such drugs in early-phase clinical trials. This review focuses on the use of ex vivo NMR and in vivo MRS methods for monitoring the effect of some novel anticancer drugs on the cancer metabolome. Ex vivo NMR methods are complementary to in vivo measurements, as they can provide additional information and help in the interpretation of the in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Chung
- St. George's University of London, UK
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16
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In vivo monitoring response to chemotherapy of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma xenografts in SCID mice by 1H and 31P MRS. Acad Radiol 2007; 14:1531-9. [PMID: 18035282 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2007.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES A reliable noninvasive method for in vivo detection of early therapeutic response of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients would be of great clinical value. This study evaluates the feasibility of (1)H and (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for in vivo detection of response to combination chemotherapy of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLCL2) xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxy doxorubicin, Oncovin, prednisone, and bryostatin 1 (CHOPB) was administered to tumor-bearing SCID mice weekly for up to four cycles. Spectroscopic studies were performed before the initiation of treatment and after each cycle of the CHOPB. Proton MRS for detection of lactate and total choline was performed using a selective multiple-quantum-coherence-transfer (Sel-MQC) and a spin-echo-enhanced Sel-MQC (SEE-Sel-MQC) pulse sequence, respectively. Phosphorus-31 MRS using a nonlocalized, single-pulse sequence without proton decoupling was also performed on these animals. RESULTS Significant decreases in lactate and total choline were detected in the DLCL2 tumors after one cycle of CHOPB chemotherapy. The ratio of phosphomonoesters to beta-nucleoside triphosphate (PME/betaNTP, measured by (31)P MRS) significantly decreased in the CHOPB-treated tumors after two cycles of CHOPB. The control tumors did not exhibit any significant changes in either of these metabolites. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that (1)H and (31)P MRS can detect in vivo therapeutic response of NHL tumors and that lactate and choline offer a number of advantages over PMEs as markers of early therapeutic response.
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Robinson SP, Howe FA, Griffiths JR, Ryan AJ, Waterton JC. Susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging determination of fractional tumor blood volume: a noninvasive imaging biomarker of response to the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 69:872-9. [PMID: 17889267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess tumor fractional blood volume (xi), determined in vivo by susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a noninvasive imaging biomarker of tumor response to the vascular disrupting agent ZD6126. METHODS AND MATERIALS The transverse MRI relaxation rate R(2)( *) of rat GH3 prolactinomas was quantified prior to and following injection of 2.5 mgFe/kg feruglose, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide intravascular contrast agent, and xi (%) was determined from the change in R(2)( *). The rats were then treated with either saline or 50 mg/kg ZD6126, and xi measured again 24 hours later. Following posttreatment MRI, Hoechst 33342 (15 mg/kg) was administered to the rats and histological correlates from composite images of tumor perfusion and necrosis sought. RESULTS Irrespective of treatment, tumor volume significantly increased over 24 hours. Saline-treated tumors showed no statistically significant change in xi, whereas a significant (p = 0.002) 70% reduction in xi of the ZD6126-treated cohort was determined. Hoechst 33342 uptake was associated with viable tumor tissue and was significantly (p = 0.004) reduced and restricted to the rim of the ZD6126-treated tumors. A significant positive correlation between posttreatment xi and Hoechst 33342 uptake was obtained (r = 0.83, p = 0.002), providing validation of the MRI-derived measurements of fractional tumor blood volume. CONCLUSIONS These data clearly highlight the potential of susceptibility contrast MRI with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents to provide quantitative imaging biomarkers of fractional tumor blood volume at high spatial resolution to assess tumor vascular status and response to vascular disrupting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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18
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Borel M, Degoul F, Communal Y, Mounetou E, Bouchon B, C-Gaudreault R, Madelmont JC, Miot-Noirault E. N-(4-iodophenyl)-N'-(2-chloroethyl)urea as a microtubule disrupter: in vitro and in vivo profiling of antitumoral activity on CT-26 murine colon carcinoma cell line cultured and grafted to mice. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1684-91. [PMID: 17486131 PMCID: PMC2359911 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumoral profile of the microtubule disrupter N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea (ICEU) was characterised in vitro and in vivo using the CT-26 colon carcinoma cell line, on the basis of the drug uptake by the cells, the modifications of cell cycle, and β-tubulin and lipid membrane profiles. N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea exhibited a rapid and dose-dependent uptake by CT-26 cells suggesting its passive diffusion through the membranes. Intraperitoneally injected ICEU biodistributed into the grafted CT-26 tumour, resulting thus in a significant tumour growth inhibition (TGI). N-(4-iodophenyl)-N′-(2-chloroethyl)urea was also observed to accumulate within colon tissue. Tumour growth inhibition was associated with a slight increase in the number of G2 tetraploid tumour cells in vivo, whereas G2 blockage was more obvious in vitro. The phenotype of β-tubulin alkylation that was clearly demonstrated in vitro was undetectable in vivo. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that cells blocked in G2 phase underwent apoptosis, as confirmed by an increase in the methylene group resonance of mobile lipids, parallel to sub-G1 accumulation of the cells. In vivo, a decrease of the signals of both the phospholipid precursors and the products of membrane degradation occurred concomitantly with TGI. This multi-analysis established, at least partly, the ICEU activity profile, in vitro and in vivo, providing additional data in favour of ICEU as a tubulin-interacting drug accumulating within the intestinal tract. This may provide a starting point for researches for future efficacious tubulin-interacting drugs for the treatment of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Borel
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - F Degoul
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - Y Communal
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - E Mounetou
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - B Bouchon
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - R C-Gaudreault
- Unité des Biotechnologies et de Bioingénierie, Centre de recherche, CHUQ, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - J C Madelmont
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
| | - E Miot-Noirault
- INSERM, U484, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63005 France; Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001 France; Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63011 France
- UMR 484 INSERM, Rue Montalembert – BP 184, 63005 Clermont Ferrand Cédex, France. E-mail:
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Gupta M, Grothey E. Highlights from: The 2007 Prostate Cancer Symposium, February 22–24, 2007; Orlando, FL. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2007; 5:249-55. [PMID: 17623894 DOI: 10.1016/s1558-7673(11)70080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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2006 Highlights From: The Third International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Society of Clinical Oncology/European Society of Medical Oncology International Conference on Molecular-Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer Taormina, Sicily; November 2006. Clin Lung Cancer 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-7304(11)70509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Glunde K, Serkova NJ. Therapeutic targets and biomarkers identified in cancer choline phospholipid metabolism. Pharmacogenomics 2006; 7:1109-23. [PMID: 17054420 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.7.7.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline phospholipid metabolism is altered in a wide variety of cancers. The choline metabolite profile of tumors and cancer cells is characterized by an elevation of phosphocholine and total choline-containing compounds. Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to detect this elevation as an endogenous biomarker of cancer, or as a predictive biomarker for monitoring tumor response to novel targeted therapies. The enzymes directly causing this elevation, such as choline kinase, phospholipase C and phospholipase D may provide molecular targets for anticancer therapies. Signal transduction pathways that are activated in cancers, such as those mediated by the receptor tyrosine kinases breakpoint cluster region-abelson (Bcr-Abl), c-KIT or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), correlate with the alterations in choline phospholipid metabolism of cancers, and also offer molecular targets for specific anticancer therapies. This review summarizes recently discovered molecular targets in choline phospholipid metabolism and signal transduction pathways, which may lead to novel anticancer therapies potentially being monitored by magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, 212 Traylor Building Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Breidahl T, Nielsen FU, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Maxwell RJ, Horsman MR. The effects of the vascular disrupting agents combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid and ZD6126 in a murine tumour: a comparative assessment using MRI and MRS. Acta Oncol 2006; 45:306-16. [PMID: 16644574 DOI: 10.1080/02841860600570465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance (MR) techniques to non-invasively compare the effects of the three leading vascular disrupting agents, namely combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate (CA4DP), 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) and ZD6126. A C3H mouse mammary carcinoma grown in the right rear foot of female CDF1 mice was used and treatments performed when tumours had reached 200 mm3 in volume. Drugs were prepared fresh before each experiment and intraperitoneally injected into restrained non-anaesthetised mice. Tumour response was evaluated using 31P-MR spectroscopy and T1- and T2- weighted imaging with a 7-Tesla, horizontal bore magnet, before and up to 24 hours after treatment. All three drugs significantly decreased bioenergetic status and pH, and did so in a time and dose dependent fashion, but there were differences; the decrease by CA4DP occurred more rapidly than for DMXAA or ZD6126, while DMXAA had a narrow window of activity compared to CA4DP and ZD6126. Changes in T1 weighted images for all three agents suggested a dose dependent increase in tumour oedema within three hours after treatment, consistent with an increase in vessel permeability. Using T2 weighted images there was some evidence of haemorrhagic necrosis by DMXAA, but such necrosis was limited following treatment with CA4DP or ZD6126.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Breidahl
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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McPhail LD, McIntyre DJO, Ludwig C, Kestell P, Griffiths JR, Kelland LR, Robinson SP. Rat tumor response to the vascular-disrupting agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid as measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, plasma 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, and tumor necrosis. Neoplasia 2006; 8:199-206. [PMID: 16611413 PMCID: PMC1578525 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dose-dependent effects of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) on rat GH3 prolactinomas were investigated in vivo. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to assess tumor blood flow/permeability pretreatment and 24 hours posttreatment with 0, 100, 200, or 350 mg/kg DMXAA. DCE-MRI data were analyzed using K(trans) and the integrated area under the gadolinium time curve (IAUGC) as response biomarkers. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the plasma concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) following treatment to provide an index of increased vessel permeability and vascular damage. Finally, tumor necrosis was assessed by grading hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections cut from the same tumors investigated by MRI. Both tumor K(trans) and IAUGC were significantly reduced 24 hours posttreatment with 350 mg/kg DMXAA only, with no evidence of dose response. HPLC demonstrated a significant increase in plasma 5-HIAA 24 hours posttreatment with 200 and 350 mg/kg DMXAA. Histologic analysis revealed some evidence of tumor necrosis following treatment with 100 or 200 mg/kg DMXAA, reaching significance with 350 mg/kg DMXAA. The absence of any reduction in K(trans) or IAUGC following treatment with 200 mg/kg, despite a significant increase in 5-HIAA, raises concerns about the utility of established DCE-MRI biomarkers to assess tumor response to DMXAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley D McPhail
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.
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Madhu B, Waterton JC, Griffiths JR, Ryan AJ, Robinson SP. The response of RIF-1 fibrosarcomas to the vascular-disrupting agent ZD6126 assessed by in vivo and ex vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neoplasia 2006; 8:560-7. [PMID: 16867218 PMCID: PMC1601935 DOI: 10.1593/neo.06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The response of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma 1 (RIF-1) tumors treated with the vascular-disrupting agent (VDA) ZD6126 was assessed by in vivo and ex vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods. Tumors treated with 200 mg/kg ZD6126 showed a significant reduction in total choline (tCho) in vivo 24 hours after treatment, whereas control tumors showed a significant increase in tCho. This response was investigated further within both ex vivo unprocessed tumor tissues and tumor tissue metabolite extracts. Ex vivo high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) and 1H MRS of metabolite extracts revealed a significant reduction in phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine in biopsies of ZD6126-treated tumors, confirming in vivo tCho response. ZD6126-induced reduction in choline compounds is consistent with a reduction in cell membrane turnover associated with necrosis and cell death following disruption of the tumor vasculature. In vivo tumor tissue water diffusion and lactate measurements showed no significant changes in response to ZD6126. Spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of water and metabolites also remained unchanged. Noninvasive 1H MRS measurement of tCho in vivo provides a potential biomarker of tumor response to VDAs in RIF-1 tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basetti Madhu
- Cancer Research UK Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 ORE, UK.
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