1
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Mierke CT. Extracellular Matrix Cues Regulate Mechanosensing and Mechanotransduction of Cancer Cells. Cells 2024; 13:96. [PMID: 38201302 PMCID: PMC10777970 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular biophysical properties have particular implications for a wide spectrum of cellular behaviors and functions, including growth, motility, differentiation, apoptosis, gene expression, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, and signal transduction including mechanotransduction. Cells not only react to unambiguously mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM), but can occasionally manipulate the mechanical features of the matrix in parallel with biological characteristics, thus interfering with downstream matrix-based cues in both physiological and pathological processes. Bidirectional interactions between cells and (bio)materials in vitro can alter cell phenotype and mechanotransduction, as well as ECM structure, intentionally or unintentionally. Interactions between cell and matrix mechanics in vivo are of particular importance in a variety of diseases, including primarily cancer. Stiffness values between normal and cancerous tissue can range between 500 Pa (soft) and 48 kPa (stiff), respectively. Even the shear flow can increase from 0.1-1 dyn/cm2 (normal tissue) to 1-10 dyn/cm2 (cancerous tissue). There are currently many new areas of activity in tumor research on various biological length scales, which are highlighted in this review. Moreover, the complexity of interactions between ECM and cancer cells is reduced to common features of different tumors and the characteristics are highlighted to identify the main pathways of interaction. This all contributes to the standardization of mechanotransduction models and approaches, which, ultimately, increases the understanding of the complex interaction. Finally, both the in vitro and in vivo effects of this mechanics-biology pairing have key insights and implications for clinical practice in tumor treatment and, consequently, clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Kalli M, Poskus MD, Stylianopoulos T, Zervantonakis IK. Beyond matrix stiffness: targeting force-induced cancer drug resistance. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:937-954. [PMID: 37558577 PMCID: PMC10592424 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
During tumor progression, mechanical abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) trigger signaling pathways in cells that activate cellular programs, resulting in tumor growth and drug resistance. In this review, we describe mechanisms of action for anti-cancer therapies and mechanotransduction programs that regulate cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival and phenotype switching. We discuss how the therapeutic response is impacted by the three main mechanical TME abnormalities: high extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and stiffness; interstitial fluid pressure (IFP); and elevated mechanical forces. We also review drugs that normalize these abnormalities or block mechanosensors and mechanotransduction pathways. Finally, we discuss current challenges and perspectives for the development of new strategies targeting mechanically induced drug resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalli
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Matthew D Poskus
- Department of Bioengineering and Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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3
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Chen JR, Zhao JT, Xie ZZ. Integrin-mediated cancer progression as a specific target in clinical therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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4
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Nakagawa T, Ohta K, Naruse T, Sakuma M, Fukada S, Yamakado N, Akagi M, Sasaki K, Niwata C, Ono S, Aikawa T. Inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor progression of MK-0429, an integrin αvβ 3 antagonist, on oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3281-3292. [PMID: 35713706 PMCID: PMC9587112 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Integrin αvβ3 is an essential molecule for tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effect of MK-0429, an integrin αvβ3 antagonist, on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through its inhibitory effect on angiogenesis. Methods In this study, we investigated the effect of MK-0429 on cellular function and angiogenesis in vitro with the use of an immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUEhT-1, which is immortalized by the electroporatic transfection of hTERT. The effect of MK-0429 on the integrin αvβ3 signaling pathway was examined by FAK, MEK1/2 and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. The anti-angiogenic effect of MK-0429 was evaluated by in vitro tube formation assay. The anti-tumor effect on OSCC was assessed by administrating MK-0429 to mouse oral cancer xenografts. Results MK-0429 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion of HUEhT-1 in a dose-dependent manner. FAK, MEK and ERK phosphorylation were significantly blocked by MK-0429 treatment. Tube formation was suppressed by MK-0429 in dose-dependent manner. Tumor progression was significantly suppressed by MK-0429 administration in mouse oral cancer xenografts. Histological study revealed that MK-0429 decreased tumor vascularization. Conclusion These results indicated integrin αvβ3 as a therapeutic target for OSCC and suggested that MK-0429 might be clinically applicable as an anti-tumor agent with potent anti-angiogenic activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04100-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Kouji Ohta
- Department of Public Oral Health, Program of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takako Naruse
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Syohei Fukada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Nao Yamakado
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Misaki Akagi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Chieko Niwata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomonao Aikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Program of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-Ward, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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5
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Leveraging cellular mechano-responsiveness for cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med 2021; 28:155-169. [PMID: 34973934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense the biophysical properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and adopt these signals in their development, progression, and metastatic dissemination. Recent work highlights the mechano-responsiveness of cells in tumors and the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, approaches to mechano-modulating diverse types of cell have emerged aiming to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. These include targeting mechanosensitive machineries in cancer cells to induce apoptosis, intervening matrix stiffening incurred by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in both primary and metastatic tumor sites, and modulating matrix mechanics to improve immune cell therapeutic efficacy. This review is envisaged to help scientists and clinicians in cancer research to advance understanding of the cellular mechano-responsiveness in TME, and to harness these concepts for cancer mechanotherapies.
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6
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Anti-Cancer Effects of Cyclic Peptide ALOS4 in a Human Melanoma Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179579. [PMID: 34502483 PMCID: PMC8430629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of ALOS4, a cyclic peptide discovered previously by phage library selection against integrin αvβ3, on a human melanoma (A375) xenograft model to determine its abilities as a potential anti-cancer agent. We found that ALOS4 promoted healthy weight gain in A375-engrafted nude mice and reduced melanoma tumor mass and volume. Despite these positive changes, examination of the tumor tissue did not indicate any significant effects on proliferation, mitotic index, tissue vascularization, or reduction of αSMA or Ki-67 tumor markers. Modulation in overall expression of critical downstream αvβ3 integrin factors, such as FAK and Src, as well as reductions in gene expression of c-Fos and c-Jun transcription factors, indirectly confirmed our suspicions that ALOS4 is likely acting through an integrin-mediated pathway. Further, we found no overt formulation issues with ALOS4 regarding interaction with standard inert laboratory materials (polypropylene, borosilicate glass) or with pH and temperature stability under prolonged storage. Collectively, ALOS4 appears to be safe, chemically stable, and produces anti-cancer effects in a human xenograft model of melanoma. We believe these results suggest a role for ALOS4 in an integrin-mediated pathway in exerting its anti-cancer effects possibly through immune response modulation.
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7
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Dzobo K. Integrins Within the Tumor Microenvironment: Biological Functions, Importance for Molecular Targeting, and Cancer Therapeutics Innovation. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:417-430. [PMID: 34191612 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular functions important for solid tumor initiation and progression are mediated by members of the integrin family, a diverse family of cell attachment receptors. With recent studies emphasizing the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumor initiation and progression, it is not surprising that considerable attention is being paid to integrins. Several integrin antagonists are under clinical trials, with many demonstrating promising activity in patients with different cancers. A deeper knowledge of the functions of integrins within the TME is still required and might lead to better inhibitors being discovered. Integrin expression is commonly dysregulated in many tumors with integrins playing key roles in signaling as well as promotion of tumor cell invasion and migration. Integrins also play a major role in adhesion of circulating tumor cells to new sites and the resulting formation of secondary tumors. Furthermore, integrins have demonstrated the ability to promoting stem cell-like properties in tumor cells as well as drug resistance. Anti-integrin therapies rely heavily on the doses or concentrations used as these determine whether the drugs act as antagonists or as integrin agonists. This expert review offers the latest synthesis in terms of the current knowledge of integrins functions within the TME and as potential molecular targets for cancer therapeutics innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Yang H, Kuo YH, Smith ZI, Spangler J. Targeting cancer metastasis with antibody therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1698. [PMID: 33463090 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis, the spread of disease from a primary to a distal site through the circulatory or lymphatic systems, accounts for over 90% of all cancer related deaths. Despite significant progress in the field of cancer therapy in recent years, mortality rates remain dramatically higher for patients with metastatic disease versus those with local or regional disease. Although there is clearly an urgent need to develop drugs that inhibit cancer spread, the overwhelming majority of anticancer therapies that have been developed to date are designed to inhibit tumor growth but fail to address the key stages of the metastatic process: invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization. There is growing interest in engineering targeted therapeutics, such as antibody drugs, that inhibit various steps in the metastatic cascade. We present an overview of antibody therapeutic approaches, both in the pipeline and in the clinic, that disrupt the essential mechanisms that underlie cancer metastasis. These therapies include classes of antibodies that indirectly target metastasis, including anti-integrin, anticadherin, and immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, as well as monoclonal and bispecific antibodies that are specifically designed to interrupt disease dissemination. Although few antimetastatic antibodies have achieved clinical success to date, there are many promising candidates in various stages of development, and novel targets and approaches are constantly emerging. Collectively, these efforts will enrich our understanding of the molecular drivers of metastasis, and the new strategies that arise promise to have a profound impact on the future of cancer therapeutic development. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Yang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun-Huai Kuo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zion I Smith
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jamie Spangler
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Kim HN, Ruan Y, Ogana H, Kim YM. Cadherins, Selectins, and Integrins in CAM-DR in Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:592733. [PMID: 33425742 PMCID: PMC7793796 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.592733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between leukemia cells and the bone microenvironment is known to provide drug resistance in leukemia cells. This phenomenon, called cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR), has been demonstrated in many subsets of leukemia including B- and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B- and T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are surface molecules that allow cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. CAMs not only recognize ligands for binding but also initiate the intracellular signaling pathways that are associated with cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance upon binding to their ligands. Cadherins, selectins, and integrins are well-known cell adhesion molecules that allow binding to neighboring cells, ECM proteins, and soluble factors. The expression of cadherin, selectin, and integrin correlates with the increased drug resistance of leukemia cells. This paper will review the role of cadherins, selectins, and integrins in CAM-DR and the results of clinical trials targeting these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Na Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yongsheng Ruan
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heather Ogana
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yong-Mi Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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The Extracellular Matrix: An Accomplice in Gastric Cancer Development and Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020394. [PMID: 32046329 PMCID: PMC7072625 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and highly organized tissue structure, providing support and maintaining normal epithelial architecture. In the last decade, increasing evidence has emerged demonstrating that alterations in ECM composition and assembly strongly affect cellular function and behavior. Even though the detailed mechanisms underlying cell-ECM crosstalk are yet to unravel, it is well established that ECM deregulation accompanies the development of many pathological conditions, such as gastric cancer. Notably, gastric cancer remains a worldwide concern, representing the third most frequent cause of cancer-associated deaths. Despite increased surveillance protocols, patients are usually diagnosed at advanced disease stages, urging the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers and efficient therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview regarding expression patterns of ECM components and cognate receptors described in normal gastric epithelium, pre-malignant lesions, and gastric carcinomas. Important insights are also discussed for the use of ECM-associated molecules as predictive biomarkers of the disease or as potential targets in gastric cancer.
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11
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Gallo E, Kelil A, Bayliss PE, Jeganathan A, Egorova O, Ploder L, Adams JJ, Giblin P, Sidhu SS. In situ antibody phage display yields optimal inhibitors of integrin α11/β1. MAbs 2020; 12:1717265. [PMID: 31980006 PMCID: PMC6999838 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1717265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane multi-conformation receptors that mediate interactions with the extracellular matrix. In cancer, integrins influence metastasis, proliferation, and survival. Collagen-binding integrin-α11/β1, a marker of aggressive tumors that is involved in stroma-tumor crosstalk, may be an attractive target for anti-cancer therapeutic antibodies. We performed selections with phage-displayed synthetic antibody libraries for binding to either purified integrin-α11/β1 or in situ on live cells. The in-situ strategy yielded many diverse antibodies, and strikingly, most of these antibodies did not recognize purified integrin-α11/β1. Conversely, none of the antibodies selected for binding to purified integrin-α11/β1 were able to efficiently recognize native cell-surface antigen. Most importantly, only the in-situ selection yielded functional antibodies that were able to compete with collagen-I for binding to cell-surface integrin-α11/β1, and thus inhibited cell adhesion. In-depth characterization of a subset of in situ-derived clones as full-length immunoglobulins revealed high affinity cellular binding and inhibitory activities in the single-digit nanomolar range. Moreover, the antibodies showed high selectivity for integrin-α11/β1 with minimal cross-reactivity for close homologs. Taken together, our findings highlight the advantages of in-situ selections for generation of anti-integrin antibodies optimized for recognition and inhibition of native cell-surface proteins, and our work establishes general methods that could be extended to many other membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Gallo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdellali Kelil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter E. Bayliss
- Northern Biologics, Inc., Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ajitha Jeganathan
- Northern Biologics, Inc., Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga Egorova
- Northern Biologics, Inc., Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynda Ploder
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarret J. Adams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Giblin
- Northern Biologics, Inc., Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sachdev S. Sidhu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Donnelly Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Brossa A, Buono L, Fallo S, Fiorio Pla A, Munaron L, Bussolati B. Alternative Strategies to Inhibit Tumor Vascularization. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6180. [PMID: 31817884 PMCID: PMC6940973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells present in tumors show different origin, phenotype, and genotype with respect to the normal counterpart. Various mechanisms of intra-tumor vasculogenesis sustain the complexity of tumor vasculature, which can be further modified by signals deriving from the tumor microenvironment. As a result, resistance to anti-VEGF therapy and activation of compensatory pathways remain a challenge in the treatment of cancer patients, revealing the need to explore alternative strategies to the classical anti-angiogenic drugs. In this review, we will describe some alternative strategies to inhibit tumor vascularization, including targeting of antigens and signaling pathways overexpressed by tumor endothelial cells, the development of endothelial vaccinations, and the use of extracellular vesicles. In addition, anti-angiogenic drugs with normalizing effects on tumor vessels will be discussed. Finally, we will present the concept of endothelial demesenchymalization as an alternative approach to restore normal endothelial cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Brossa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Universitty of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Lola Buono
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Universitty of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Sofia Fallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Universitty of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.F.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.F.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Universitty of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (L.B.); (S.F.)
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13
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Li ZH, Zhou Y, Ding YX, Guo QL, Zhao L. Roles of integrin in tumor development and the target inhibitors. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:241-251. [PMID: 31076128 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrin is a large family of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which involves in the interaction of cells/cells and cells/ extracellular matrix (ECM) to mediate cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, etc. In recent years, aberrant expression of integrin has been clearly found in many tumor studies, indicating that integrin is closely related to tumor formation and development. Meanwhile, it has effects on tumor cell differentiation, cell migration, proliferation and tumor neovascularization. The study of drugs targeting integrins is of great significance for the clinical treatment of tumors. Because of its important role in tumorigenesis and development, integrin has become a promising target for the treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the role of integrin in tumor development and the current state of integrin inhibitors to provide a valuable reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - You-Xiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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14
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Wettersten HI, Weis SM, Pathria P, Von Schalscha T, Minami T, Varner JA, Cheresh DA. Arming Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Reverse Epithelial Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5048-5059. [PMID: 31416839 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are highly expressed within the tumor microenvironment of a wide range of cancers, where they exert a protumor phenotype by promoting tumor cell growth and suppressing antitumor immune function. Here, we show that TAM accumulation in human and mouse tumors correlates with tumor cell expression of integrin αvβ3, a known driver of epithelial cancer progression and drug resistance. A monoclonal antibody targeting αvβ3 (LM609) exploited the coenrichment of αvβ3 and TAMs to not only eradicate highly aggressive drug-resistant human lung and pancreas cancers in mice, but also to prevent the emergence of circulating tumor cells. Importantly, this antitumor activity in mice was eliminated following macrophage depletion. Although LM609 had no direct effect on tumor cell viability, it engaged macrophages but not natural killer (NK) cells to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of αvβ3-expressing tumor cells despite their expression of the CD47 "don't eat me" signal. In contrast to strategies designed to eliminate TAMs, these findings suggest that anti-αvβ3 represents a promising immunotherapeutic approach to redirect TAMs to serve as tumor killers for late-stage or drug-resistant cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: Therapeutic antibodies are commonly engineered to optimize engagement of NK cells as effectors. In contrast, LM609 targets αvβ3 to suppress tumor progression and enhance drug sensitivity by exploiting TAMs to trigger ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi I Wettersten
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sara M Weis
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Paulina Pathria
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tami Von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Toshiyuki Minami
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Judith A Varner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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15
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Gómez Rivas J, Carrion DM, Alvarez-Maestro M, Cathelineau X, Sanchez-Salas R, Di Lorenzo G, Di Maio M, Paul A, Martinez-Piñeiro L, Sartor O, Saad F, Debruyne F. Bone-targeted therapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer: where do we stand? MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2019; 71:445-456. [PMID: 31353876 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.19.03420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last years, there have been significant developments in the therapeutic armamentarium of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). New evidence shows that the addition of bone-targeted agents (BTA) to "life-prolonging agents" result in improved clinical benefit. This review aims to give an overview of data for the use of BTAs in a new era of mCRPC where new agents are used in daily practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A non-systematic review of the literature was performed combining the keywords: "castration-resistant prostate cancer" and "bone-targeted therapy". The primary objective was to provide a critical assessment of data for the use of BTAs in mCRPC, and the secondary objective was to assess novel targeted therapy. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Zoledronic acid and denosumab have shown to be effective in reducing the risk of SREs in patients with mCRPC. The point at which treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab should be initiated during PCa evolution has yet to be determined. The EMA has restricted the usage of Ra-223 to patients who have had two previous treatments for mCRPC to the bone or who cannot receive other treatments. Ra-223 should only be used as monotherapy or in combination with ADT for the treatment of mCRPC, symptomatic bone metastases and without visceral metastases. With recent developments in PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals, PSMA RLT agents are now under investigation for the treatment of mCRPC. CONCLUSIONS Reducing skeletal-related morbidity remains a crucial goal of palliative life-extending therapy in mCRPC. New data about dosing schedules and combinations of different treatments will continue to refine the optimal strategy for incorporating BTAs into the new treatment paradigms for PCa. Novel molecules such as PSMA-targeted small molecules promise theranostic agents in the management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gómez Rivas
- Department of Urology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain - .,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain -
| | - Diego M Carrion
- Department of Urology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Alvarez-Maestro
- Department of Urology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Di Maio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Asit Paul
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Piñeiro
- Department of Urology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fred Saad
- Unit of Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Debruyne
- Department of Urology, Andros Men's and Gynos Women's Health Institutes, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
Bone metastases are the main driver of morbidity and mortality in advanced prostate cancer. Targeting the bone microenvironment, a key player in the pathogenesis of bone metastasis, has become one of the mainstays of therapy in men with advanced prostate cancer. This review will evaluate the data supporting the use of bone-targeted therapy, including (1) bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid, which directly target osteoclasts, (2) denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) ligand inhibitor, which targets a key component of bone stromal interaction, and (3) radium-223, an alpha-emitting calcium mimetic, which hones to the metabolically active areas of osteoblastic metastasis and induces double-strand breaks in the DNA. Denosumab has shown enhanced delay in skeletal-related events compared to zoledronic acid in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Data are mixed with regard to pain control as a primary measure of efficacy. New data call into question dosing frequency, with quarterly dosing strategy potentially achieving similar effect compared to monthly dosing for zoledronic acid. In the case of radium-223, there are data for both pain palliation and improved overall survival in mCRPC. Further studies are needed to optimize timing and combination strategies for bone-targeted therapies. Ongoing studies will explore the impact of combining bone-targeted therapy with investigational therapeutic agents such as immunotherapy, for advanced prostate cancer. Future studies should strive to develop biomarkers of response, in order to improve efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya B Dorff
- USC Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Genitourinary Oncology, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Hunts Man Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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17
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Harjunpää H, Llort Asens M, Guenther C, Fagerholm SC. Cell Adhesion Molecules and Their Roles and Regulation in the Immune and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1078. [PMID: 31231358 PMCID: PMC6558418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system and cancer have a complex relationship with the immune system playing a dual role in tumor development. The effector cells of the immune system can recognize and kill malignant cells while immune system-mediated inflammation can also promote tumor growth and regulatory cells suppress the anti-tumor responses. In the center of all anti-tumor responses is the ability of the immune cells to migrate to the tumor site and to interact with each other and with the malignant cells. Cell adhesion molecules including receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily and integrins are of crucial importance in mediating these processes. Particularly integrins play a vital role in regulating all aspects of immune cell function including immune cell trafficking into tissues, effector cell activation and proliferation and the formation of the immunological synapse between immune cells or between immune cell and the target cell both during homeostasis and during inflammation and cancer. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating integrin function and the role of integrins and other cell adhesion molecules in immune responses and in the tumor microenvironment. We also describe how malignant cells can utilize cell adhesion molecules to promote tumor growth and metastases and how these molecules could be targeted in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Harjunpää
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marc Llort Asens
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carla Guenther
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Banerjee D, Cieslar-Pobuda A, Zhu GH, Wiechec E, Patra HK. Adding Nanotechnology to the Metastasis Treatment Arsenal. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:403-418. [PMID: 31076247 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for 90% of cancer deaths. The explosive growth of cancer biology research has revealed new mechanistic network information and pathways that promote metastasis. Consequently, a large number of antitumor agents have been developed and tested for their antimetastatic efficacy. Despite their exciting cytotoxic effects on tumor cells in vitro and antitumor activities in preclinical studies in vivo, only a few have shown potent antimetastatic activities in clinical trials. In this review, we provide a brief overview of current antimetastatic strategies that show clinical efficacy and review nanotechnology-based approaches that are currently being incorporated into these therapies to mitigate challenges associated with treating cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Artur Cieslar-Pobuda
- Nordic EMBL Partnership, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Geyunjian Harry Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hirak K Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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19
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Wallstabe L, Mades A, Frenz S, Einsele H, Rader C, Hudecek M. CAR T cells targeting α vβ 3 integrin are effective against advanced cancer in preclinical models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 1. [PMID: 30420973 DOI: 10.1002/acg2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective Integrins are heterodimeric receptors that convey cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. Integrin αvβ3 is expressed in several tumour entities including melanoma, glioblastoma, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer, where it promotes tumour cell survival and metastasis. Here, we generated αvβ3-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells and analysed their antitumour function in pre-clinical models in vitro and in vivo. Methods αvβ3-CARs comprising a super-humanised hLM609 targeting domain with either high or low affinity (hLM609v7, K d = 3 nM vs. hLM609v11, K d = 160 nM) and equipped with either a long or a short IgG4-Fc extracellular spacer (229 vs. 12 amino acids) were expressed in CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells through lentiviral transduction. Results αvβ3-CAR T-cells eliminated αvβ3-positive tumour cells rapidly and specifically, produced IFN-γ and IL-2 (CD4+ > CD8+) and exhibited productive proliferation. In vitro, we observed the strongest reactivity with the higher-affinity hLM609v7 αvβ3-CAR in the short spacer configuration, consistent with the tumour membrane-distal localization of the hLM609 epitope. In a murine xenograft model of metastatic A-375 melanoma, the strongest antitumour effect was mediated by the lower-affinity hLM609v11 αvβ3-CAR. Notably, a single administration of hLM609v11 αvβ3-CAR T-cells was able to induce complete elimination of melanoma lesions, leading to long-term tumour-free survival. Conclusions These data establish αvβ3 integrin as a novel target for CAR T-cell immunotherapy, and affirm our previous notion that binding domain affinity and spacer length can be calibrated to augment CAR reactivity. Clinical implications αvβ3-CAR T-cells have therapeutic potential in several prevalent solid tumours, including melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wallstabe
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Mades
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Frenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rader
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Cao Z, Suo X, Chu Y, Xu Z, Bao Y, Miao C, Deng W, Mao K, Gao J, Xu Z, Ma YQ. Peptides derived from the integrin β cytoplasmic tails inhibit angiogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:38. [PMID: 29970081 PMCID: PMC6029062 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are essential regulators of angiogenesis. However, the antiangiogenic potential of peptides derived from the integrin cytoplasmic tails (CT) remains mostly undetermined. METHODS Here we designed a panel of membrane-penetrating peptides (termed as mβCTPs), each comprising a C-terminal NxxY motif from one of the conserved integrin β CTs, and evaluated their antiangiogenic ability using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. RESULTS We found that mβ3CTP, mβ5CTP and mβ6CTP, derived respectively from the integrin β3, β5 and β6 CTs, but not others, exhibit antiangiogenic ability. Interestingly, we observed that the integrin β3, β5 and β6 CTs but not others are able to interact with β3-endonexin. In addition, the antiangiogenic core in mβ3CTP is identical to a previously identified β3-endonexin binding region in the integrin β3 CT, indicating that the antiangiogenic mβCTPs may function via their binding to β3-endonexin. Consistently, knockdown of endogenous β3-endonexin in HUVECs significantly suppresses tube formation, suggesting that β3-endonexin is proangiogenic. However, neither treatment with the antiangiogenic mβCTPs nor knockdown of endogenous β3-endonexin affects integrin-mediated HUVEC adhesion and migration, indicating that their antiangiogenic effect may not rely on directly regulating integrin activity. Importantly, both treatment with the antiangiogenic mβCTPs and knockdown of endogenous β3-endonexin in HUVECs inhibit VEGF expression and cell proliferation, thereby providing mechanistic explanations for the functional consequences. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the antiangiogenic mβCTPs can interact with β3-endonexin in vascular endothelial cells and suppress its function in regulating VEGF expression and cell proliferation, thus disclosing a unique pathway that may be useful for developing novel antiangiogenic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Cao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinfeng Suo
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudan Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaijun Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. .,Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, part of Versiti, 8727 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Yan-Qing Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. .,Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, part of Versiti, 8727 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiv Kant Chaudhuri
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
- University Scholars Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138593, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Level 9, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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22
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Schnittert J, Bansal R, Storm G, Prakash J. Integrins in wound healing, fibrosis and tumor stroma: High potential targets for therapeutics and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:37-53. [PMID: 29414674 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process, which ultimately leads to fibrosis if not repaired well. Pathologically very similar to fibrosis is the tumor stroma, found in several solid tumors which are regarded as wounds that do not heal. Integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors which control various physiological cellular functions. Additionally, integrins also sense ECM-induced extracellular changes during pathological events, leading to cellular responses, which influence ECM remodeling. The purpose and scope of this review is to introduce integrins as key targets for therapeutics and drug delivery within the scope of wound healing, fibrosis and the tumor stroma. This review provides a general introduction to the biology of integrins including their types, ligands, means of signaling and interaction with growth factor receptors. Furthermore, we highlight integrins as key targets for therapeutics and drug delivery, based on their biological role, expression pattern within human tissues and at cellular level. Next, therapeutic approaches targeting integrins, with a focus on clinical studies, and targeted drug delivery strategies based on ligands are described.
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23
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Hatley RJD, Macdonald SJF, Slack RJ, Le J, Ludbrook SB, Lukey PT. An αv-RGD Integrin Inhibitor Toolbox: Drug Discovery Insight, Challenges and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3298-3321. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. D. Hatley
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Joelle Le
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Steven B. Ludbrook
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Pauline T. Lukey
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
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24
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Hatley RJD, Macdonald SJF, Slack RJ, Le J, Ludbrook SB, Lukey PT. Ein Instrumentarium von αv-RGD-Integrin-Inhibitoren: Wirkstoffsuche, Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. D. Hatley
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Joelle Le
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Steven B. Ludbrook
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Pauline T. Lukey
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
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25
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Izuhara K, Nunomura S, Nanri Y, Ogawa M, Ono J, Mitamura Y, Yoshihara T. Periostin in inflammation and allergy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4293-4303. [PMID: 28887633 PMCID: PMC11107676 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We found for the first time that IL-4 and IL-13, signature type 2 cytokines, are able to induce periostin expression. We and others have subsequently shown that periostin is highly expressed in chronic inflammatory diseases-asthma, atopic dermatitis, eosinophilc chronic sinusitis/chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp, and allergic conjunctivitis-and that periostin plays important roles in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The epithelial/mesenchymal interaction via periostin is important for the onset of allergic inflammation, in which periostin derived from fibroblasts acts on epithelial cells or fibroblasts, activating their NF-κB. Moreover, the immune cell/non-immune cell interaction via periostin may be also involved. Now the significance of periostin has been expanded into other inflammatory or fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma and pulmonary fibrosis. The cross-talk of periostin with TGF-β or pro-inflammatory cytokines is important for the underlying mechanism of these diseases. Because of its pathogenic importance and broad expression, diagnostics or therapeutic drugs can be potentially developed to target periostin as a means of treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Ono
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
- Shino-Test Corporation, 2-29-14, Oonodai, Sagamihara, 229-0011, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohito Yoshihara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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26
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αvβ3 and α5β1 integrin-specific ligands: From tumor angiogenesis inhibitors to vascularization promoters in regenerative medicine? Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:208-227. [PMID: 29155160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion receptors predominantly important during normal and tumor angiogenesis. A sequence present on several extracellular matrix proteins composed of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) has attracted attention due to its role in cell adhesion mediated by integrins. The development of ligands that can bind to integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis and brake disease progression has resulted in new investigational drug entities reaching the clinical trial phase in humans. The use of integrin-specific ligands can be useful for the vascularization of regenerative medicine constructs, which remains a major limitation for translation into clinical practice. In order to enhance vascularization, immobilization of integrin-specific RGD peptidomimetics within constructs is a recommended approach, due to their high specificity and selectivity towards certain desired integrins. This review endeavours to address the potential of peptidomimetic-coated biomaterials as vascular network promoters for regenerative medicine purposes. Clinical studies involving molecules tracking active integrins in cancer angiogenesis and reasons for their failure are also addressed.
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27
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Kruk-Bachonko J, Krupski W, Czechowski M, Kurys-Denis E, Mądro P, Sierocińska-Sawa J, Dąbrowski A, Wallner G, Skoczylas T. Perfusion CT - A novel quantitative and qualitative imaging biomarker in gastric cancer. Eur J Radiol 2017; 95:399-408. [PMID: 28987697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to examine whether Perfusion Computed Tomography (P-CT) can qualitatively and quantitatively help detect gastric cancer neoangiogenesis in vivo as well as treatment response evaluation. We attempted to explore which P-CT parameters are best used in neoangiogenesis and neoadjuvant therapy for most effective evaluation. We also tried to recognize a positive prediction value of P-CT in early responders and non-responders patients identification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with positive biopsy results and/or clinically proven gastric cancer were enrolled in the P-CT exam. Patients were qualified for systemic treatment (16 patients received chemotherapy and 8 patients received radiochemotherapy). The baseline Perfusion-CT exam and after neoadjuvant treatment Perfusion-CT exam were conducted using a 64-row GE tomograph based on a deconvolution model in first-pass protocol perfusion. The P-CT examined the following parameters: Blood Flow (BF), Blood Volume (BV), Mean Transit Time (MTT) and Permeability Surface (PS). Positive clinical response to neoadjuvant treatment (CHT and RCT) was defined as tumor size reduction 25% or more. RESULTS Tumor dimension reduction after neoadjuvant therapy was significantly correlated with the BF and the PS. Neoadjuvant therapy was more effective for patients with higher output BF and PS values. We did not register a significant relationship between BV and MTT parameters and tumor dimension reduction. Patients with a positive treatment response showed a decrease in BF, BV and PS perfusion parameters with an increase in MTT. CONCLUSIONS P-CT examination allows a noninvasive neoangiogenesis assessment in vivo, leading to early identification of responding and non-responding patients. As a standard procedure, a full evaluation of treatment response should include a P-CT exam assessing neoangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk-Bachonko
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, Lublin 20-081, Poland.
| | - Witold Krupski
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, Lublin 20-081, Poland.
| | - Michał Czechowski
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, Lublin 20-081, Poland.
| | - Ewa Kurys-Denis
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, Lublin 20-081, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Mądro
- Second Department of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery & Surgical Oncology of the Digestive Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, Lublin 20-081, Poland.
| | | | - Andrzej Dąbrowski
- Second Department of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery & Surgical Oncology of the Digestive Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, Lublin 20-081, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Wallner
- Second Department of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery & Surgical Oncology of the Digestive Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, Lublin 20-081, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Skoczylas
- Second Department of General & Gastrointestinal Surgery & Surgical Oncology of the Digestive Tract, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, Lublin 20-081, Poland.
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Johnson LE, Olson BM, McNeel DG. Pretreatment antigen-specific immunity and regulation - association with subsequent immune response to anti-tumor DNA vaccination. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:56. [PMID: 28716080 PMCID: PMC5514519 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapies have demonstrated clinical benefit for many types of cancers, however many patients do not respond, and treatment-related adverse effects can be severe. Hence many efforts are underway to identify treatment predictive biomarkers. We have reported the results of two phase I trials using a DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. In both trials, persistent PAP-specific Th1 immunity developed in some patients, and this was associated with favorable changes in serum PSA kinetics. In the current study, we sought to determine if measures of antigen-specific or antigen non-specific immunity were present prior to treatment, and associated with subsequent immune response, to identify possible predictive immune biomarkers. METHODS Patients who developed persistent PAP-specific, IFNγ-secreting immune responses were defined as immune "responders." The frequency of peripheral T cell and B cell lymphocytes, natural killer cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells were assessed by flow cytometry and clinical laboratory values. PAP-specific immune responses were evaluated by cytokine secretion in vitro, and by antigen-specific suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity to a recall antigen in an in vivo SCID mouse model. RESULTS The frequency of peripheral blood cell types did not differ between the immune responder and non-responder groups. Non-responder patients tended to have higher PAP-specific IL-10 production pre-vaccination (p = 0.09). Responder patients had greater preexisting PAP-specific bystander regulatory responses that suppressed DTH to a recall antigen (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS While our study population was small (n = 38), these results suggest that different measures of antigen-specific tolerance or regulation might help predict immunological outcome from DNA vaccination. These will be prospectively evaluated in an ongoing randomized, phase II trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Johnson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 7007 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Brian M Olson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 7007 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 7007 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Xiong S, Klausen C, Cheng JC, Leung PCK. TGFβ1 induces endometrial cancer cell adhesion and migration by up-regulating integrin αvβ3 via SMAD-independent MEK-ERK1/2 signaling. Cell Signal 2017; 34:92-101. [PMID: 28336232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common, and second most lethal, gynecological malignancy, and its rates of incidence and death are growing. This is likely attributable to increased numbers of high-risk type II endometrial cancers which account for ~30% of cases but ~75% of deaths due to their aggressive and metastatic behaviour. Histopathological and in vitro functional studies suggest that aberrant TGFβ1 signaling may contribute to endometrial cancer development and the acquisition of invasive/metastatic characteristics. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of TGFβ1 in high-risk endometrial cancers. In the present study, we examined the roles and mechanisms of TGFβ1 on cell adhesion and motility in type II endometrial cancer cell lines, KLE and HEC-1B. We show that treatment with TGFβ1 increases cell adhesion to vitronectin and transwell cell migration. We also demonstrate that TGFβ1 treatment increases integrin β3 and αv mRNA and protein levels via SMAD-independent MEK-ERK1/2 signaling. Importantly, siRNA depletion or antibody-mediated blocking of integrin αvβ3 reversed the effects of TGFβ1 on cell adhesion and migration. Our results suggest that TGFβ1-MEK-ERK1/2-integrin αvβ3 signaling could contribute to the invasive behaviour of high-risk endometrial cancer by promoting cell adhesion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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Löffek S, Franzke CW, Helfrich I. Tension in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111910. [PMID: 27854331 PMCID: PMC5133907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins represent a large family of cell receptors that mediate adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), thereby modulating a variety of cellular functions that are required for proliferation, migration, malignant conversion and invasiveness. During tumorigenesis the conversion of a tumor cell from sessile, stationary phenotype to an invasive phenotype requires the ability of tumor cells to interact with their environment in order to transduce signals from the ECM into the cells. Hence, there is increasing evidence that changes in the composition, topography and tension of tumor matrix can be sensed by integrin receptors, leading to the regulation of intracellular signalling events which subsequently help to fuel cancer progression. The fact that intracellular signals perceived from integrin ligand binding impact on almost all steps of tumor progression, including tumor cell proliferation, survival, metastatic dissemination and colonization of a metastatic niche, renders integrins as ideal candidates for the development of therapeutic agents. In this review we summarize the role of integrins in cancer with the special focus on cancer therapies and the recent progress that has been made in the understanding of “integrin-induced tension in cancer”. Finally, we conclude with clinical evidence for the role of integrin-mediated mechanotransduction in the development of therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Löffek
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hauptstraße 7, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Iris Helfrich
- Skin Cancer Unit of the Dermatology Department, Medical Faculty, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Majeski HE, Yang J. The 2016 John J. Abel Award Lecture: Targeting the Mechanical Microenvironment in Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:744-754. [PMID: 27742780 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Past decades of cancer research have mainly focused on the role of various extracellular and intracellular biochemical signals on cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies suggest an important role of mechanical forces in regulating cellular behaviors. This review first provides an overview of the mechanobiology research field. Then we specially focus on mechanotransduction pathways in cancer progression and describe in detail the key signaling components of such mechanotransduction pathways and extracellular matrix components that are altered in cancer. Although our understanding of mechanoregulation in cancer is still in its infancy, some agents against key mechanoregulators have been developed and will be discussed to explore the potential of pharmacologically targeting mechanotransduction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Majeski
- Department of Pharmacology (H.E.M., J.Y.), Department of Pediatrics (J.Y.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (H.E.M., J.Y.), Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (H.E.M., J.Y.), Department of Pediatrics (J.Y.), and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program (H.E.M., J.Y.), Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Xiong S, Klausen C, Cheng JC, Zhu H, Leung PCK. Activin B induces human endometrial cancer cell adhesion, migration and invasion by up-regulating integrin β3 via SMAD2/3 signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31659-73. [PMID: 26384307 PMCID: PMC4741631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common female cancer and the most common gynecological malignancy. Although it comprises only ~10% of all endometrial cancers, the serous histological subtype accounts for ~40% of deaths due to its aggressive behavior and propensity to metastasize. Histopathological studies suggest that elevated expression of activin/inhibin βB subunit is associated with reduced survival in non-endometrioid endometrial cancers (type II, mostly serous). However, little is known about the specific roles and mechanisms of activin (βB dimer) in serous endometrial cancer growth and progression. In the present study, we examined the biological functions of activin B in type II endometrial cancer cell lines, HEC-1B and KLE. Our results demonstrate that treatment with activin B increases cell migration, invasion and adhesion to vitronectin, but does not affect cell viability. Moreover, we show that activin B treatment increases integrin β3 mRNA and protein levels via SMAD2/3-SMAD4 signaling. Importantly, siRNA knockdown studies revealed that integrin β3 is required for basal and activin B-induced cell migration, invasion and adhesion. Our results suggest that activin B-SMAD2/3-integrin β3 signaling could contribute to poor patient survival by promoting the invasion and/or metastasis of type II endometrial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Klausen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Te Boekhorst V, Friedl P. Plasticity of Cancer Cell Invasion-Mechanisms and Implications for Therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 132:209-64. [PMID: 27613134 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration is a plastic and adaptive process integrating cytoskeletal dynamics, cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion, as well as tissue remodeling. In response to molecular and physical microenvironmental cues during metastatic dissemination, cancer cells exploit a versatile repertoire of invasion and dissemination strategies, including collective and single-cell migration programs. This diversity generates molecular and physical heterogeneity of migration mechanisms and metastatic routes, and provides a basis for adaptation in response to microenvironmental and therapeutic challenge. We here summarize how cytoskeletal dynamics, protease systems, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion pathways control cancer cell invasion programs, and how reciprocal interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment contributes to plasticity of invasion and dissemination strategies. We discuss the potential and future implications of predicted "antimigration" therapies that target cytoskeletal dynamics, adhesion, and protease systems to interfere with metastatic dissemination, and the options for integrating antimigration therapy into the spectrum of targeted molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Te Boekhorst
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - P Friedl
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Center (CGC.nl), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Sato H, Hirakawa A, Hamada C. An adaptive dose-finding method using a change-point model for molecularly targeted agents in phase I trials. Stat Med 2016; 35:4093-109. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.6981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sato
- Biostatistics Group, Center for Product Evaluation; Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency; 3-3-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0013 Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Section, Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research; Nagoya University Hospital; 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8560 Aichi Japan
| | - Chikuma Hamada
- Department of Information and Computer Technology; Tokyo University of Science; 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125-8585 Japan
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Prezzi D, Khan A, Goh V. Perfusion CT imaging of treatment response in oncology. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:2380-5. [PMID: 25864440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfusion CT was first described in the 1970s but has become accepted as a clinical technique in recent years. In oncological practice Perfusion CT allows the downstream effects of therapies on the tumour vasculature to be monitored. From the dynamic changes in tumour and vascular enhancement following intravenous iodinated contrast agent administration, qualitative and quantitative parameters may be derived that reflect tumour perfusion, blood volume, and microcirculatory changes with treatment. This review outlines the mechanisms of action of available therapies and state-of-the-art imaging practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Prezzi
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aisha Khan
- Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Goh
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Wagner SC, Ichim TE, Ma H, Szymanski J, Perez JA, Lopez J, Bogin V, Patel AN, Marincola FM, Kesari S. Cancer anti-angiogenesis vaccines: Is the tumor vasculature antigenically unique? J Transl Med 2015; 13:340. [PMID: 26510973 PMCID: PMC4625691 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The tumor endothelium exists in a state of chronic activation and proliferation, fueled by the tumor milieu where angiogenic mediators are aberrantly over-expressed. Uncontrolled tumor growth, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance are all driven by the dysregulated and constitutive angiogenesis occurring in the vasculature. Accordingly, great efforts have been dedicated toward identifying molecular signatures of this pathological angiogenesis in order to devise selective tumor endothelium targeting therapies while minimizing potential autoimmunity against physiologically normal endothelium. Vaccination with angiogenic antigens to generate cellular and/or humoral immunity against the tumor endothelium has proven to be a promising strategy for inhibiting or normalizing tumor angiogenesis and reducing cancer growth. Here we review tumor endothelium vaccines developed to date including active immunization strategies using specific tumor endothelium-associated antigens and whole endothelial cell-based vaccines designed to elicit immune responses against diverse target antigens. Among the novel therapeutic options, we describe a placenta-derived endothelial cell vaccine, ValloVax™, a polyvalent vaccine that is antigenically similar to proliferating tumor endothelium and is supported by pre-clinical studies to be safe and efficacious against several tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Wagner
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Thomas E Ichim
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Hong Ma
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Julia Szymanski
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | | | - Javier Lopez
- Pan Am Cancer Treatment Center, Tijuana, Mexico.
| | - Vladimir Bogin
- Batu Biologics Inc., Towne Center Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Amit N Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Propionyl-L-Carnitine Enhances Wound Healing and Counteracts Microvascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140697. [PMID: 26473356 PMCID: PMC4608702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Impaired wound healing represents a high cost for health care systems. Endothelial dysfunction characterizes dermal microangiopathy and contributes to delayed wound healing and chronic ulcers. Endothelial dysfunction impairs cutaneous microvascular blood flow by inducing an imbalance between vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction as a consequence of reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and the increase of oxidative stress and inflammation. Propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) is a natural derivative of carnitine that has been reported to ameliorate post-ischemic blood flow recovery. Methods and Results We investigated the effects of PLC in rat skin flap and cutaneous wound healing. A daily oral PLC treatment improved skin flap viability and associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NO up-regulation, accelerated wound healing and increased capillary density, likely favoring dermal angiogenesis by up-regulation for iNOS, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PlGF) and reduction of NADPH-oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression. In serum-deprived human dermal microvascular endothelial cell cultures, PLC ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by increasing iNOS, PlGF, VEGF receptors 1 and 2 expression and NO level. In addition, PLC counteracted serum deprivation-induced impairment of mitochondrial β-oxidation, Nox4 and cellular adhesion molecule (CAM) expression, ROS generation and leukocyte adhesion. Moreover, dermal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction was prevented by Nox4 inhibition. Interestingly, inhibition of β-oxidation counteracted the beneficial effects of PLC on oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion PLC treatment improved rat skin flap viability, accelerated wound healing and dermal angiogenesis. The beneficial effects of PLC likely derived from improvement of mitochondrial β-oxidation and reduction of Nox4-mediated oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Antioxidant therapy and pharmacological targeting of endothelial dysfunction may represent a promising tool for the treatment of delayed wound healing or chronic ulcers.
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PICKARSKI MAUREEN, GLEASON ALEXA, BEDNAR BOHUMIL, DUONG LET. Orally active αvβ3 integrin inhibitor MK-0429 reduces melanoma metastasis. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2737-45. [PMID: 25872534 PMCID: PMC4431436 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma remains one of the most aggressive types of cancer with a historically low survival rate. The αvβ3 integrin is involved in the progression of malignant melanoma. In the present study, the efficacy of MK-0429, a selective inhibitor of the αvβ3 integrin, was evaluated for its potential in the prevention of melanoma metastasis. Female B6D2F1 mice injected via the tail vein with murine B16F10 melanoma developed lung metastases within ~10 days. In the first experiment, the prevention of lung metastasis was assessed in the model treated with either vehicle, MK-0429 at 100 and 300 mg/kg orally twice daily or cyclophosphamide at 300 mg/kg, i.p. once daily. Study endpoints included determination of the study time period to achieve metastasis in lungs in this model, evaluation of the health effects on the study animals, the total number of lung colonies identified and lung tumor area. Unlike cyclophosphamide, the MK-0429 treatment did not lead to a significant weight reduction in mice. MK-0429 at 100 and 300 mg/kg reduced the number of metastatic tumor colonies by 64 and 57%, respectively, and the high dose also reduced the tumor area by 60% as compared to the vehicle. The second experiment employed B16F10 luciferase-expressing cells to examine the de novo progression of melanoma metastasis over 15 days with bioluminescent imaging of mice treated with MK-0429 at 300 mg/kg as compared to the vehicle. Tumor burden progressively advanced in the lungs of the B16F10-treated animals. However, MK-0429 reduced the progression of ventral and dorsal lung metastases by 22 and 38%, respectively, as compared to the vehicle, by study completion. Quantification of ex vivo tumor burden showed a 30-40% reduction in lung colonies by MK-0429. The two studies collectively demonstrated that MK-0429 was safe and efficacious in significantly decreasing melanoma metastasis in the lungs. The results emphasized the potential of MK-0429 as a novel, therapeutic agent for the prevention of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ALEXA GLEASON
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - BOHUMIL BEDNAR
- Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Zimmer AS, Steeg PS. Meaningful prevention of breast cancer metastasis: candidate therapeutics, preclinical validation, and clinical trial concerns. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:13-29. [PMID: 25412774 PMCID: PMC6545582 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of drugs to treat breast and other cancers proceeds through phase I dose finding, phase II efficacy, and phase III comparative studies in the metastatic setting, only then asking if metastasis can be prevented in adjuvant trials. Compounds without overt cytotoxic activity, such as those developed to inhibit metastatic colonization, will likely fail to shrink established lesions in the metastatic setting and never be tested in a metastasis prevention scenario where they were preclinically validated. We and others have proposed phase II primary and secondary metastasis prevention studies to address this need. Herein, we have asked whether preclinical metastasis prevention data agrees with the positive adjuvant setting trials. The data are limited but complimentary. We also review fundamental pathways involved in metastasis, including Src, integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and fibrosis, for their clinical progress to date and potential for metastasis prevention. Issues of inadequate preclinical validation and clinical toxicity profiles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Zimmer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
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Abstract
Targeting prostate cancer metastasis has very high therapeutic potential. Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death among men in the USA, and death results from the development of metastatic disease. In order to metastasize, cancer cells must complete a series of steps that together constitute the metastatic cascade. Each step therefore offers the opportunity for therapeutic targeting. However, practical limitations have served as limiting roadblocks to successfully targeting the metastatic cascade. They include our still-emerging understanding of the underlying biology, as well as the fact that many of the dysregulated processes have critical functionality in otherwise normal cells. We provide a discussion of the underlying biology, as it relates to therapeutic targeting. Therapeutic inroads are rapidly being made, and we present a series of case studies to highlight key points. Finally, future perspectives related to drug discovery for antimetastatic agents are discussed.
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Alizadeh AM, Shiri S, Farsinejad S. Metastasis review: from bench to bedside. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8483-523. [PMID: 25104089 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the final result of uninhibited cell growth that involves an enormous group of associated diseases. One major aspect of cancer is when cells attack adjacent components of the body and spread to other organs, named metastasis, which is the major cause of cancer-related mortality. In developing this process, metastatic cells must successfully negotiate a series of complex steps, including dissociation, invasion, intravasation, extravasation, and dormancy regulated by various signaling pathways. In this review, we will focus on the recent studies and collect a comprehensive encyclopedia in molecular basis of metastasis, and then we will discuss some new potential therapeutics which target the metastasis pathways. Understanding the new aspects on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlling tumor cell metastasis is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer patients that would be valuable for researchers in both fields of molecular and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1419733141, Iran,
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Driscoll B, Keller H, Jaffray D, Coolens C. Development of a dynamic quality assurance testing protocol for multisite clinical trial DCE-CT accreditation. Med Phys 2014; 40:081906. [PMID: 23927320 DOI: 10.1118/1.4812429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Credentialing can have an impact on whether or not a clinical trial produces useful quality data that is comparable between various institutions and scanners. With the recent increase of dynamic contrast enhanced-computed tomography (DCE-CT) usage as a companion biomarker in clinical trials, effective quality assurance, and control methods are required to ensure there is minimal deviation in the results between different scanners and protocols at various institutions. This paper attempts to address this problem by utilizing a dynamic flow imaging phantom to develop and evaluate a DCE-CT quality assurance (QA) protocol. METHODS A previously designed flow phantom, capable of producing predictable and reproducible time concentration curves from contrast injection was fully validated and then utilized to design a DCE-CT QA protocol. The QA protocol involved a set of quantitative metrics including injected and total mass error, as well as goodness of fit comparison to the known truth concentration curves. An additional region of interest (ROI) sensitivity analysis was also developed to provide additional details on intrascanner variability and determine appropriate ROI sizes for quantitative analysis. Both the QA protocol and ROI sensitivity analysis were utilized to test variations in DCE-CT results using different imaging parameters (tube voltage and current) as well as alternate reconstruction methods and imaging techniques. The developed QA protocol and ROI sensitivity analysis was then applied at three institutions that were part of clinical trial involving DCE-CT and results were compared. RESULTS The inherent specificity of robustness of the phantom was determined through calculation of the total intraday variability and determined to be less than 2.2±1.1% (total calculated output contrast mass error) with a goodness of fit (R2) of greater than 0.99±0.0035 (n=10). The DCE-CT QA protocol was capable of detecting significant deviations from the expected phantom result when scanning at low mAs and low kVp in terms of quantitative metrics (Injected Mass Error 15.4%), goodness of fit (R2) of 0.91, and ROI sensitivity (increase in minimum input function ROI radius by 146±86%). These tests also confirmed that the ASIR reconstruction process was beneficial in reducing noise without substantially increasing partial volume effects and that vendor specific modes (e.g., axial shuttle) did not significantly affect the phantom results. The phantom and QA protocol were finally able to quickly (<90 min) and successfully validate the DCE-CT imaging protocol utilized at the three separate institutions of a multicenter clinical trial; thereby enhancing the confidence in the patient data collected. CONCLUSIONS A DCE QA protocol was developed that, in combination with a dynamic multimodality flow phantom, allows the intrascanner variability to be separated from other sources of variability such as the impact of injection protocol and ROI selection. This provides a valuable resource that can be utilized at various clinical trial institutions to test conformance with imaging protocols and accuracy requirements as well as ensure that the scanners are performing as expected for dynamic scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Driscoll
- Department of Radiation Physics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Yoo SY, Kwon SM. Angiogenesis and its therapeutic opportunities. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:127170. [PMID: 23983401 PMCID: PMC3745966 DOI: 10.1155/2013/127170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays critical roles in human physiology that range from reproduction and fetal growth to wound healing and tissue repair. The sophisticated multistep process is tightly regulated in a spatial and temporal manner by "on-off switch signals" between angiogenic factors, extracellular matrix components, and endothelial cells. Uncontrolled angiogenesis may lead to several angiogenic disorders, including vascular insufficiency (myocardial or critical limb ischemia) and vascular overgrowth (hemangiomas, vascularized tumors, and retinopathies). Thus, numerous therapeutic opportunities can be envisaged through the successful understanding and subsequent manipulation of angiogenesis. Here, we review the clinical implications of angiogenesis and discuss pro- and antiangiogenic agents that offer potential therapy for cancer and other angiogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Yoo
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that mediate cell adhesion to neighboring cells and to the extracellular matrix. Here, the various modes in which integrin-mediated adhesion regulates intracellular signaling pathways impinging on cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation are considered. Subsequently, evidence that integrins also control crucial signaling cascades in cancer cells is discussed. Lastly, the important role of integrin signaling in tumor cells as well as in stromal cells that support cancer growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance indicates that integrin signaling may be an attractive target for (combined) cancer therapy strategies. Current approaches to target integrins in this context are reviewed.
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Hong F, Liu B, Chiosis G, Gewirth DT, Li Z. α7 helix region of αI domain is crucial for integrin binding to endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96: a potential therapeutic target for cancer metastasis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18243-8. [PMID: 23671277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.468850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins play important roles in regulating a diverse array of cellular functions crucial to the initiation, progression, and metastasis of tumors. Previous studies have shown that a majority of integrins are folded by the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone gp96. Here, we demonstrate that the dimerization of integrin αL and β2 is highly dependent on gp96. The αI domain (AID), a ligand binding domain shared by seven integrin α-subunits, is a critical region for integrin binding to gp96. Deletion of AID significantly reduced the interaction between integrin αL and gp96. Overexpression of AID intracellularly decreased surface expression of gp96 clients (integrins and Toll-like receptors) and cancer cell invasion. The α7 helix region is crucial for AID binding to gp96. A cell-permeable α7 helix peptide competitively inhibited the interaction between gp96 and integrins and blocked cell invasion. Thus, targeting the binding site of α7 helix of AID on gp96 is potentially a new strategy for treatment of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Abstract
Metastasis is a combination of biological events that makes the difference between cancer and other diseases. Metastasis requires flow of erroneous but precisely coordinated basic cellular activities like cell migration-invasion, cell survival-apoptosis, cell proliferation, etc. All of these processes require efficient regulation of cell attachment and detachment, which recruit integrin receptors in this flow of events. World literatures show several aspects of interrelation of integrins and metastasis. Integrin molecules are being used as prime target to battle metastasis. In this review we are collating the observations showing importance of integrin biology in regulation of metastasis and the strategies where integrin receptors are being used as targets to regulate metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirat Kumar Ganguly
- Department of Receptor Biology & Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Chamberlain MC, Cloughsey T, Reardon DA, Wen PY. A novel treatment for glioblastoma: integrin inhibition. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12:421-35. [PMID: 22449214 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, which despite combined modality treatment, recurs and is invariably fatal. New therapies for GBM represent an unmet need in neuro-oncology. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology and molecular biology of GBM and focuses, in particular, on integrins, which are heterodimeric transmembrane surface proteins that, when activated, signal through several GBM-relevant pathways, including proliferation, motility, cytoskeleton organization, survival and angiogenesis pathways. Consequently, the potential effects of anti-integrin strategies in anti-GBM therapeutics are threefold: antiangiogenesis; anti-invasion; and anti-tumor. Trials of anti-integrins are most mature in GBM, and this review summarizes the completed and future trials of integrin inhibitors in the treatment of both newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Surgery, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, 825 Eastlake Avenue E, MS G-4940, Seattle, WA 98109-1023, USA.
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Zhu JH, Yuan Y, Li D, Liao SJ, Zhou YH, Wang Q, Shu Y, Yan B, Wei JJ, Sun R, Zhang GM, Feng ZH. Targeting nuclear factor-κB suppresses the negative effect of toll-like receptor 4 signaling on antimetastasis therapy based on targeting αvβ3. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1319-26. [PMID: 22494046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of αvβ3 is a promising therapeutic strategy for suppressing tumor metastasis. However, it is unclear whether the therapeutic efficacy could be influenced by metastasis-promoting factor(s) in vivo. Here we report that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand released from damaged tumor cells or bacteria had a negative effect on the therapeutic effect of a recombinant CBD-HepII polypeptide of fibronectin (CH50) that suppresses tumor metastasis by targeting αvβ3. The TLR4 ligand could antagonize the inhibitory effect of CH50 on tumor cell adhesion and invasion by promoting the expression and activity of αvβ3 in tumor cells. The TLR4 ligand also reduced the antimetastasis effect of CH50 by promoting tumor cell survival in circulation. Moreover, TLR4 ligands released by tumor cells in circulation could increase the survival and proliferation capacity of tumor cells after extravasation, resulting in the formation of more metastatic nodules. The effect of TLR4 signaling was mainly mediated by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Inhibiting NF-κB could abrogate the negative effect of TLR4 ligand, and augment the inhibitory effect of CH50 on tumor metastasis. Consistently, the combination of NF-κB inhibitor and CH50 significantly inhibited metastasis of tumor cells in vivo and prolonged the survival of mice. The findings in this study suggest that the combination of NF-κB inhibitor and αvβ3 antagonist would be a novel therapeutic option for the prevention of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Computed tomography perfusion imaging for therapeutic assessment: has it come of age as a biomarker in oncology? Invest Radiol 2012; 47:2-4. [PMID: 21808202 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e318229ff3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of novel targeted therapies, imaging techniques that assess tumor vascular support have gained credence for response assessment alongside standard response criteria. Computed tomography (CT) perfusion techniques that quantify regional tumor blood flow, blood volume, flow-extraction product, and permeability-surface area product through standard kinetic models are attractive, but the level of evidence for CT perfusion to be a truly mature biomarker remains insufficient. Studies to date have not been powered to assess this. Future studies that include good quality prospective validation correlating perfusion CT to outcome end points in the trial setting are needed to take CT perfusion forward as a biomarker in oncology.
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