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Chen J, Li L, Huangfu L, Du H, Ji X, Xing X, Ji J. Death receptor 5 promotes tumor progression in gastric cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2375-2388. [PMID: 37879960 PMCID: PMC10699099 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Death receptor 5 (DR5) can inhibit malignant proliferation via tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in many cancers. Here we examined the expression and sublocalization of DR5 in gastric cancer, as well as its effects on clinical prognosis and cellular processes. Our analysis included a cohort of 240 gastric cancer patients. Bioinformatic analysis showed a significant correlation between DR5 and DNA replication, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and tumor stemness. Unlike death receptor 4 (DR4TRAIL-R1), DR5 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and was found to be positively correlated with lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Patients with positive DR5 had worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.006). The multivariate Cox model showed that DR5 is an independent poor prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 1.693). Furthermore, knockdown of DR5 inhibited aggressive behaviors, including proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer cells, and inhibited lung metastasis in vivo. In summary, nuclear localization of DR5 expression is a poor prognosis factor in gastric cancer and promotes growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center HospitalPeking University Aerospace School of Clinical MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Longtao Huangfu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xin Ji
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital & InstituteBeijingChina
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing)Peking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
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Raman D, Tay P, Hirpara JL, Liu D, Pervaiz S. TRAIL sensitivity of nasopharyngeal cancer cells involves redox dependent upregulation of TMTC2 and its interaction with membrane caspase-3. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102193. [PMID: 34839142 PMCID: PMC8636823 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Preferential expression of receptors for TNF-family related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), DR4 and DR5 makes TRAIL an attractive anti-cancer therapeutic. However, the efficacy of targeting death receptors has not been extensively studied in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Here we investigated TRAIL sensitivity and its underlying mechanism in NPC cell lines, and assessed the potential of TRAIL as a therapeutic option against NPC. RESULTS Using two established NPC cell lines, we report the expression of DR4 and DR5, which respond to TRAIL ligation by triggering efficient Type II apoptosis. Mechanistically, early activation of caspase-3 and its membrane recruitment is identified in NPC cell lines, which is associated with, hitherto unreported, interaction with transmembrane and tetratricopeptide repeat containing 2 (TMTC2) in the lipid raft domains. TMTC2 expression is induced upon exposure to TRAIL and involves intracellular increase in peroxynitrite (ONOO-) production. While ONOO- increase is downstream of caspase-8 activation, it is involved in the upregulation of TMTC2, gene knockdown of which abrogated TRAIL-induced apoptotic execution. Bioinformatics analyses also provide evidence for a strong correlation between TMTC2 and DR4 or caspase-3 as well as a significantly better disease-free survival in patients with high TMTC2 expression. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Collectively, redox-dependent execution of NPC cells upon ligation of TRAIL receptors reintroduces the possible therapeutic use of TRAIL in NPC as well as underscores the potential of using TMTC2 as a biomarker of TRAIL sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patricia Tay
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dan Liu
- Integrated Science and Engineering Program (ISEP), NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Apoptosis-Inducing TNF Superfamily Ligands for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071543. [PMID: 33801589 PMCID: PMC8036978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease with apoptosis evasion as one of its hallmarks; therefore, apoptosis induction in transformed cells seems a promising approach as a cancer treatment. TNF apoptosis-inducing ligands, which are naturally present in the body and possess tumoricidal activity, are attractive candidates. The most studied proteins are TNF-α, FasL, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Over the years, different recombinant TNF family-derived apoptosis-inducing ligands and agonists have been designed. Their stability, specificity, and half-life have been improved because most of the TNF ligands have the disadvantages of having a short half-life and affinity to more than one receptor. Here, we review the outlook on apoptosis-inducing ligands as cancer treatments in diverse preclinical and clinical stages and summarize strategies of overcoming their natural limitations to improve their effectiveness.
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Yang M, Li Y, Tian F. Association between Alpha B-crystallin expression and prognosis in patients with solid tumors: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24831. [PMID: 33607849 PMCID: PMC7899826 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB), as a small heat shock protein, may play critical roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of several kinds of human cancers. However, the prognostic value of CRYAB in solid malignancies remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between CRYAB expression and clinicopathology and prognosis of solid tumor patients. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases were systematically searched to retrieve studies that investigated the prognostic value of CRYAB expression in various solid tumors. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to determine the strength of association between CRYAB expression and survival in patients with solid tumors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were pooled to assess the correlation between CRYAB expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with solid tumors. RESULTS A total of 17 studies, including 18 cohorts with 6000 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Our results showed that increased CRYAB expression could predict poor overall survival (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.50-2.19, P < .001), disease-free survival (HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16-1.86, P = .001), and disease-specific survival (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19-1.63, P < .001) in patients with cancer. Furthermore, the high expression level of CRYAB was associated with certain phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness, such as lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.48-4.11, P = .001), distant metastasis (OR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.96-5.70, P < .001), advanced clinical stage (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.24-4.08, P = .008), low OS rate (OR = 4.81, 95% CI: 2.82-8.19, P < .001), and high recurrence rate (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.11-1.72, P = .004). CONCLUSIONS CRYAB may serve as a valuable prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
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Soto-Gamez A, Quax WJ, Demaria M. Regulation of Survival Networks in Senescent Cells: From Mechanisms to Interventions. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2629-2643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lee H, Oh Y, Jeon YJ, Lee SY, Kim H, Lee HJ, Jung YK. DR4-Ser424 O-GlcNAcylation Promotes Sensitization of TRAIL-Tolerant Persisters and TRAIL-Resistant Cancer Cells to Death. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2839-2852. [PMID: 30987996 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistance, including nongenetically acquired tolerance in cancer persister cells, is a major obstacle to translating TRAIL therapy into patients with cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that DR4/TRAIL-R1 is O-GlcNAcylated at Ser424 in its death domain to mediate both apoptosis and necrosis upon TRAIL ligation. We found that DR4-Ser424 mutations, identified from our cell-based functional screen using a cancer patient-derived cDNA expression library and from The Cancer Genome Atlas, caused TRAIL resistance in various human cancer cell lines. Using O-GlcNAc transferase knockdown cells, DR4-preferred versus DR5-preferred cancer cells, and a DR5-neutralizing antibody, we evaluated the essential role of DR4-specific O-GlcNAc modification in TRAIL cytotoxicity. In contrast to DR4, DR5 was not O-GlcNAcylated by TRAIL treatment, discriminating DR4 from DR5-mediated signaling. Apart from genetic changes in DR4-Ser424, we further classified various cancer cell lines originated from stomach, colon, lung, and glioblastoma according to their sensitivity to and receptor preference upon TRAIL death signaling and generated TRAIL-tolerant persister-derived DLD-1PER cells. Among these, we discovered that DR4 was not modified by O-GlcNAc in most of the TRAIL-resistant cancer cells and DLD-1PER cells. Interestingly, promoting DR4 O-GlcNAcylation intentionally using 2-deoxy-d-glucose or a high concentration of glucose sensitized those resistant cancer cells to TRAIL. The O-GlcNAcylation-defective DR4 failed to form DISC/necrosome and could not translocate to aggregated platforms for receptor clustering. Our findings demonstrate that DR4 O-GlcNAcylation is crucial for TRAIL death signaling, providing new opportunities for TRAIL therapy overcoming TRAIL resistance in cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reports that a novel posttranslational modification by O-GlcNAcylation of one of the two human TRAIL receptors with a death domain, TRAIL-R1 (DR4), plays a crucial role in enabling both apoptotic and necroptotic cell death induction by TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjeong Lee
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Oh
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Young-Jun Jeon
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Song-Yi Lee
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-June Lee
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang B, van Roosmalen IAM, Reis CR, Setroikromo R, Quax WJ. Death receptor 5 is activated by fucosylation in colon cancer cells. FEBS J 2019; 286:555-571. [PMID: 30589515 PMCID: PMC6849799 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable pro‐apoptotic properties of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) have led to considerable interest in this protein as a potential anticancer therapeutic. However, TRAIL is largely ineffective in inducing apoptosis in certain cancer cells, and the mechanisms underlying this selectivity are unknown. In colon adenocarcinomas, posttranslational modifications including O‐ and N‐ glycosylation of death receptors were found to correlate with TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Additionally, mRNA levels of fucosyltransferase 3 (FUT3) and 6 (FUT6) were found to be high in the TRAIL‐sensitive colon adenocarcinoma cell line COLO 205. In this study, we use agonistic receptor‐specific TRAIL variants to dissect the contribution of FUT3 and FUT6‐mediated fucosylation to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis via its two death receptors, DR4 and DR5. Triggering of apoptosis by TRAIL revealed that the low FUT3/6‐expressing cells DLD‐1 and HCT 116 are insensitive to DR5 but not to DR4‐mediated apoptosis. By contrast, efficient apoptosis is mediated via both receptors in high FUT3/6‐expressing COLO 205 cells. The reconstitution of FUT3/6 expression in DR5‐resistant cells completely restored TRAIL sensitivity via this receptor, while only marginally enhancing apoptosis via DR4 at lower TRAIL concentrations. Interestingly, we observed that induction of the salvage pathway by external administration of l‐fucose restores DR5‐mediated apoptosis in both DLD‐1 and HCT 116 cells. Finally, we show that fucosylation influences the ligand‐independent receptor association that leads to increased death inducing signalling complex (DISC) formation and caspase‐8 activation. Taken together, these results provide evidence for the differential impact of fucosylation on signalling via DR4 or DR5. These findings provide novel opportunities to enhance TRAIL sensitivity in colon adenocarcinoma cells that are highly resistant to DR5‐mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojie Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A M van Roosmalen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos R Reis
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Setroikromo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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5-Fluorouracil-induced RNA stress engages a TRAIL-DISC-dependent apoptosis axis facilitated by p53. Oncotarget 2016; 6:43679-97. [PMID: 26544897 PMCID: PMC4791259 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapeutics, administration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a common clinical strategy for post-surgical treatment of solid tumors. Although it has been proposed that RNA metabolism is disturbed by 5-FU treatment, the key cytotoxic response is believed to be enzymatic inhibition of thymidylate synthase resulting in nucleotide pool disproportions. An operating p53 tumor suppressor signaling network is in many cases essential for the efficiency of chemotherapy, and malfunctions within this system remain a clinical obstacle. Since the fate of chemotherapy-insensitive tumor cells is rarely described, we performed a comparative analysis of 5-FU toxicity in p53-deficient cells and conclude that p53 acts as a facilitator rather than a gatekeeper of cell death. Although p53 can act as a regulator of several cellular stress responses, no rerouting of cell death mode was observed in absence of the tumor suppressor. Thus, the final death outcome of 5-FU-treated p53−/− cells is demonstrated to be caspase-dependent, but due to a slow pace, accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species contributes to necrotic characteristics. The oligomerization status of the p53 target gene DR5 is determined as a significant limiting factor for the initiation of caspase activity in an intracellular TRAIL-dependent manner. Using several experimental approaches, we further conclude that RNA- rather than DNA-related stress follows by caspase activation irrespectively of p53 status. A distinct 5-FU-induced stress mechanism is thereby functionally connected to a successive and discrete cell death signaling pathway. Finally, we provide evidence that silencing of PARP-1 function may be an approach to specifically target p53-deficient cells in 5-FU combinatorial treatment strategies. Together, our results disclose details of impaired cell death signaling engaged as a consequence of 5-FU chemotherapy. Obtained data will contribute to the comprehension of factors restraining 5-FU efficiency, and by excluding DNA as the main stress target in some cell types they propose alternatives to currently used and suggested synergistic treatment regimens.
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Highly sensitive antibody-free μLC–MS/MS quantification of rhTRAIL in serum. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:881-90. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.16.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We describe an antibody-free approach to quantify rhTRAILWT (wild-type) and its closely related death receptor 4 selective variant rhTRAIL4C7 in human and murine serum by multiplex LC–MS/MS on a microfluidics interface. Methodology: Enrichment of rhTRAIL was performed by strong cation-exchange (SCX) followed by immobilized metal affinity (IMAC) solid-phase extraction. This was followed by trypsin digestion and using methionine-containing signature peptides after fully oxidizing the methionine residue with 0.25% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion: Absolute quantification was reaching down to 0.5 ng/ml for rhTRAILWT (8.5 pM) and 2 ng/ml for rhTRAIL4C7 (34 pM) in 100 μl human serum. To support preclinical studies in mice, the analysis was optimized further, for a sample volume of 20 μl murine serum.
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Yu R, Albarenque SM, Cool RH, Quax WJ, Mohr A, Zwacka RM. DR4 specific TRAIL variants are more efficacious than wild-type TRAIL in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 15:1658-66. [PMID: 25482930 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.972183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatment modalities for pancreatic carcinoma afford only modest survival benefits. TRAIL, as a potent and specific inducer of apoptosis in cancer cells, would be a promising new treatment option. However, since not all pancreatic cancer cells respond to TRAIL, further improvements and optimizations are still needed. One strategy to improve the effectiveness of TRAIL-based therapies is to specifically target one of the 2 cell death inducing TRAIL-receptors, TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 to overcome resistance. To this end, we designed constructs expressing soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) variants that were rendered specific for either TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2 by amino acid changes in the TRAIL ectodomain. When we expressed these constructs, including wild-type sTRAIL (sTRAIL(wt)), TRAIL-R1 (sTRAIL(DR4)) and TRAIL-R2 (sTRAIL(DR5)) specific variants, in 293 producer cells we found all to be readily expressed and secreted into the supernatant. These supernatants were subsequently transferred onto target cancer cells and apoptosis measured. We found that the TRAIL-R1 specific variant had higher apoptosis-inducing activity in human pancreatic carcinoma Colo357 cells as well as PancTu1 cells that were additionally sensitized by targeting of XIAP. Finally, we tested TRAIL-R1 specific recombinant TRAIL protein (rTRAIL(DR4)) on Colo357 xenografts in nude mice and found them to be more efficacious than rTRAIL(wt). Our results demonstrate the benefits of synthetic biological approaches and show that TRAIL-R1 specific variants can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL-based therapies in pancreatic cancer, suggesting that they can possibly become part of individualized and tumor specific combination treatments in the future.
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Key Words
- AML, Acute myeloid leukemia
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance between groups
- Apoptosis
- BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin
- Bcl-xL, B-cell lymphoma-extra large
- CMV, Cytomegalie virus
- CuZnSOD, Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- DR4 specific TRAIL variant
- EGFP, Enhanced green fluorescent protein
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FADD, Fas-associated protein with death domain
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum
- FIB, Fibrillin
- FLIP, FLICE-like inhibitory protein
- Furin CS, Furin cleavage site
- IFN-g, Interferon-gamma
- ILZ, Isoleucine zipper
- MSC, Mesenchymal stem cell
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OPG, Osteoprogerin
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- PCR, Polymerase chain reaction
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- RNAi, RNA interference
- RPMI 1640 medium, Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium
- SDS, Sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SDS-PAGE, SDS-Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SEM, Standard error of the mean
- TNF, Tumor necrosis factor
- TRAIL
- TRAIL receptor
- TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- TRAIL-R1/DR4, TRAIL-receptor 1/Death – receptor 4
- TRAIL-R2/DR5, TRAIL-receptor 2/ Death – receptor 5
- TRAIL-R3/DcR1, TRAIL-receptor 3/Decoy-receptor 1
- TRAIL-R4/DcR2, TRAIL-receptor 4/Decoy-receptor 2
- XIAP
- XIAP, X-linked Inhibitor of apoptosis protein
- pancreatic cancer
- rTRAIL, recombinant TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- sTRAIL, soluble TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- sh-sequence, short-hairpin sequence
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- a National University of Ireland; Galway; National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Apoptosis Research Centre; Molecular Therapeutics Group ; Galway , Ireland
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Mohr A, Yu R, Zwacka RM. TRAIL-receptor preferences in pancreatic cancer cells revisited: Both TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 have a licence to kill. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:494. [PMID: 26138346 PMCID: PMC4489125 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRAIL is a potent and specific inducer of apoptosis in tumour cells and therefore is a possible new cancer treatment. It triggers apoptosis by binding to its cognate, death-inducing receptors, TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. In order to increase its activity, receptor-specific ligands and agonistic antibodies have been developed and some cancer types, including pancreatic cancer, have been reported to respond preferentially to TRAIL-R1 triggering. The aim of the present study was to examine an array of TRAIL-receptor specific variants on a number of pancreatic cancer cells and test the generality of the concept of TRAIL-R1 preference in these cells. METHODS TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 specific sTRAIL variants were designed and tested on a number of pancreatic cancer cells for their TRAIL-receptor preference. These sTRAIL variants were produced in HEK293 cells and were secreted into the medium. After having measured and normalised the different sTRAIL variant concentrations, they were applied to pancreatic and control cancer cells. Twenty-four hours later apoptosis was measured by DNA hypodiploidy assays. Furthermore, the specificities of the sTRAIL variants were validated in HCT116 cells that were silenced either for TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. RESULTS Our results show that some pancreatic cancer cells use TRAIL-R1 to induce cell death, whereas other pancreatic carcinoma cells such as AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells trigger apoptosis via TRAIL-R2. This observation extended to cells that were naturally TRAIL-resistant and had to be sensitised by silencing of XIAP (Panc1 cells). The measurement of TRAIL-receptor expression by FACS revealed no correlation between receptor preferences and the relative levels of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 on the cellular surface. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TRAIL-receptor preferences in pancreatic cancer cells are variable and that predictions according to cancer type are difficult and that determining factors to inform the optimal TRAIL-based treatments still have to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mohr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Rui Yu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P.R. China.
| | - Ralf M Zwacka
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
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Arabpour M, Poelstra K, Helfrich W, Bremer E, Haisma HJ. Targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells by an anti-epidermal growth factor-receptor single chain fragment variable antibody-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (scFv425-sTRAIL). J Gene Med 2015; 16:281-90. [PMID: 25088657 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that may result in liver failure. Activated hepatic stellate cells are known to play a central role in this process and their elimination is a crucial step towards the resolution and reversion of liver fibrosis. In the present study, we investigated the potential application of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor single chain fragment variable antibody-tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (scFv425-sTRAIL) fusion protein in the targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells. METHODS Activated hepatic stellate cells (LX2 cells) were treated by adenovirus-derived scFv425-sTRAIL to evaluate its effect on the viability and extracellular matrix production of this type of cells. RESULTS In vitro treatment of activated hepatic stellate cells with scFv425-sTRAIL induced a significant reduction in viability (up to 100% reduction) and extracellular matrix production (60% reduction), yet no significant effect was observed on hepatic parenchymal cells. Blockage of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by a monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the effectiveness of scFv425-sTRAIL in activated hepatic stellate cells, whereas a reduced effectivity was also observed after inhibition of the caspase pathway. CONCLUSIONS Evidence is presented for the successful application of the scFv425-sTRAIL fusion protein in the targeted elimination of activated hepatic stellate cells via EGFR and simultaneous activation of the caspase pathway. scFv425-sTRAIL may thus represent a new therapeutic compound against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arabpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lim B, Allen JE, Prabhu VV, Talekar MK, Finnberg NK, El-Deiry WS. Targeting TRAIL in the treatment of cancer: new developments. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1171-85. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1049838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Gatti L, Cassinelli G, Zaffaroni N, Lanzi C, Perego P. New mechanisms for old drugs: Insights into DNA-unrelated effects of platinum compounds and drug resistance determinants. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 20:1-11. [PMID: 26003720 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Platinum drugs have been widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors. Although DNA has been recognized as the primary cellular target for these agents, there are unresolved issues concerning their effects and the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor efficacy. These cytotoxic agents interact with sub-cellular compartments other than the nucleus. Here, we review how such emerging phenomena contribute to the pharmacologic activity as well as to drug resistance phenotypes. DNA-unrelated effects of platinum drugs involve alterations at the plasma membrane and in endo-lysosomal compartments. A direct interaction with the mitochondria also appears to be implicated in drug-induced cell death. Moreover, the pioneering work of a few groups has shown that platinum drugs can act on the tumor microenvironment as well, and potentiate antitumor activity of the immune system. These poorly understood aspects of platinum drug activity sites may be harnessed to enhance their antitumor efficacy. A complete understanding of DNA-unrelated effects of platinum compounds might reveal new aspects of drug resistance allowing the implementation of the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of platinum compound-based regimens and minimization of their toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gatti
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42/via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Wei X, Dai R. Small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 (TW-37) suppresses growth and enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2015; 8:3. [PMID: 25823945 PMCID: PMC4351907 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-015-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bcl-2 plays a major role in the pathobiology and drug resistance of ovarian cancer, and inhibition of bcl-2 was useful for OC therapy. It has previously reported that TW-37, a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins, inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in many cancer cells. In the present study,we investigate the effect of TW-37 or / and in combination with cisplain on several ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines with high bcl-2 expression. Methods The bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression, and the cisplain (DDP) sensitivity of OC cell lines SKOV3, OVCAR3, OV-90 and 3AO and SKOV3DDP were determined by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR,Western blot, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (MTT) assays. The effects of TW-37 alone or combined with cisplain on growth and apoptosis in bcl-2 overexpressed OVCAR3, OV-90 and SKOV3DDP cells was detected by MTT,clonogenic assay, ELISA and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results The cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO were sensitive, whereas OVCAR3, OV-90 and SKOV3DDP were resistant to cisplain. Significant positive correlation was observed between basal bcl-2 mRNA and protein and cisplain sensitivity. Cisplain treatment did not activate bcl-2 in vitro. Treatment with TW-37 inhibited bcl-2 expression in bcl-2 overexpressed OVCAR3, OV-90 and SKOV3DDP cells , and inhibited growth and induced apoptosis ,and increased cisplain killing of the bcl-2 overexpressed cells in a does and time-dependant manner in vitro. Conclusion Bcl-2 level positively correlated with sensitivity to cisplain. Treatment with TW-37 was effective alone and in combination with cisplain in bcl-2 overexpressed OC cell lines in vitro. Thus, TW-37 may be a useful therapeutic agent for OCs.
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Wang J, Hansen K, Edwards R, Van Houten B, Qian W. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) enhances death receptor-mediated apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:7-12. [PMID: 25446129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) based strategy is a promising targeted therapeutic approach for the treatment of a variety of cancers including ovarian cancer. However, the inherent or acquired resistance of tumor cells to TRAIL limits the potential application of TRAIL-mediated therapy. In this study, we identified that mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1) is able to enhance the sensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells to death receptor ligands including TRAIL, FAS ligands, and TNF-α. Importantly, the combination of TRAIL and mdivi-1 has no apparent cytotoxic effect on non-transformed human cells, indicating a significant therapeutic window. We identified that caspase-8 and not the modulation of TRAIL receptors is required for the combination effect of TRAIL and mdivi-1. We further demonstrated that the enhanced efficacy of combination of mdivi-1 and death ligands is not dependent on the originally reported target of mdivi-1, Drp1, and is also not dependent on the two important pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bak. Thus, our study presents a novel strategy in enhancing the apoptotic effect of death receptor ligands and provides a new effective TRAIL-based combination approach for treating human ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Wang
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Karyn Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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17
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van Roosmalen IAM, Quax WJ, Kruyt FAE. Two death-inducing human TRAIL receptors to target in cancer: similar or distinct regulation and function? Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:447-56. [PMID: 25150214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The emergence during evolution of two tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors, receptor-1/DR4 and -2/DR5, able to induce apoptosis has raised the question whether they differ in function and regulation, which is of key importance for selecting either DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agents for cancer treatment. In this review we found practically no information regarding possible differences in DR4 and DR5 function based on structural differences. On the other hand, a panel of different DR4 or DR5 selective pro-apoptotic agonists have been developed that were explored for efficacy in different tumour types in a large number of studies. Leukemic cells appear mainly sensitive for DR4-induced apoptosis, contrasting the situation in other tumour types that show heterogeneity in receptor preference and, in some cases, a slight overall preference for DR5. Both receptors were found to mediate intracellular stress-induced apoptosis, although this is most frequently reported for DR5. Interestingly, DR5 was also found to transmit non-apoptotic signalling in resistant tumour cells and recently nuclear localization and a role in microRNA maturation has been described. DR4 expression is most heavily regulated by promoter methylation, intracellular trafficking and post-translational modifications. DR5 expression is predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level, which may reflect its ability to respond to cellular stressors. It will be important to further increase our understanding of the mechanisms determining TRAIL receptor preference in order to select the appropriate TRAIL receptor selective agonists for therapy, and to develop novel strategies to enhance apoptosis activation in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid A M van Roosmalen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Wilffert D, Reis CR, Hermans J, Govorukhina N, Tomar T, de Jong S, Quax WJ, van de Merbel NC, Bischoff R. Antibody-Free LC-MS/MS Quantification of rhTRAIL in Human and Mouse Serum. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10754-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4017902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wilffert
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV The Netherlands
| | - Carlos R. Reis
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV The Netherlands
| | - Jos Hermans
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV The Netherlands
| | - Tushar Tomar
- Department
of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ The Netherlands
| | - Steven de Jong
- Department
of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ The Netherlands
| | - Wim J. Quax
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV The Netherlands
| | - Nico C. van de Merbel
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV The Netherlands
- PRA, Bioanalytical Laboratory, Westerbrink 3, Assen, 9405 BJ The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius
Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV The Netherlands
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19
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Meijer A, Kruyt FAE, van der Zee AGJ, Hollema H, Le P, ten Hoor KA, Groothuis GMM, Quax WJ, de Vries EGE, de Jong S. Nutlin-3 preferentially sensitises wild-type p53-expressing cancer cells to DR5-selective TRAIL over rhTRAIL. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:2685-95. [PMID: 24136147 PMCID: PMC3833221 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumour cell-selective activation of apoptosis by recombinant human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL) is enhanced through co-activation of p53 by chemotherapeutic drugs. The novel anticancer agent nutlin-3 provides a promising alternative for p53 activation by disrupting the interaction between p53 and its negative feedback regulator MDM2. Methods: We examined whether nutlin-3 enhances apoptosis induction by rhTRAIL and the DR5-selective TRAIL variant D269H/E195R in wild-type p53-expressing ovarian, colon and lung cancer cell lines and in an ex vivo model of human ovarian cancer. Results: Nutlin-3 enhanced p53, p21, MDM2 and DR5 surface expression. Although nutlin-3 did not induce apoptosis, it preferentially enhanced D269H/E195R-induced apoptosis over rhTRAIL. Combination treatment potentiated the cleavage of caspases 8, 9, 3 and PARP. P53 and MDM2 siRNA experiments showed that this enhanced apoptotic effect was mediated by wild-type p53. Indeed, nutlin-3 did not enhance rhTRAIL-induced apoptosis in OVCAR-3 cells harbouring mutant p53. Addition of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin to the combination further increased p53 and DR5 levels and rhTRAIL- and D269H/E195R-induced apoptosis. As a proof of concept, we show that the combination of D269H/E195R, nutlin-3 and cisplatin induced massive apoptosis in ex vivo tissue slices of primary human ovarian cancers. Conclusion: Nutlin-3 is a potent enhancer of D269H/E195R-induced apoptosis in wild-type p53-expressing cancer cells. Addition of DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin further enhances DR5-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Sarkar S, Faller DV. Telomere-homologous G-rich oligonucleotides sensitize human ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Nucleic Acid Ther 2013; 23:167-74. [PMID: 23634944 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2012.0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
G-rich T-oligos (GT-oligos; oligonucleotides with homology to telomeres) elicit a DNA damage response in cells and induce cytotoxic effects in certain tumor cell lines. We have previously shown that GT-oligo inhibits growth, arrests cell cycle, and induces apoptosis in ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer cells. However, not all ovarian cancer cell lines are susceptible to GT-oligo exposure. GT-oligo was found to induce transcript expression of the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors DR-4 and DR-5, which are generally silenced in ovarian cancer cells, rendering them insensitive to TRAIL. Exposure of TRAIL- and GT-oligo-resistant cell lines to GT-oligo rendered them sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of TRAIL, producing more than additive inhibition of growth. An intracellular inhibitor of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein-Short (FLIPs), was down-regulated and Jun kinase (JNK) was activated by exposure to GT-oligo. JNK inhibition partially reversed the growth inhibition caused by the combination of GT-oligo and TRAIL indicating partial involvement of the Jun kinase pathway in the resulting cytotoxic effect. Both capase-8 and caspases 3/7 were activated by exposure to GT-oligo plus TRAIL, consistent with activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. These results demonstrate a novel way of sensitizing resistant ovarian cancer cells to TRAIL-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibaji Sarkar
- Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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21
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Delivery of sTRAIL variants by MSCs in combination with cytotoxic drug treatment leads to p53-independent enhanced antitumor effects. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e503. [PMID: 23429289 PMCID: PMC3734822 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to infiltrate tumor tissues and thereby effectively deliver gene therapeutic payloads. Here, we engineered murine MSCs (mMSCs) to express a secreted form of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), which is a potent inducer of apoptosis in tumor cells, and tested these MSCs, termed MSC.sTRAIL, in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drug treatment in colon cancer models. When we pretreated human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells with low doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and added MSC.sTRAIL, we found significantly increased apoptosis as compared with single-agent treatment. Moreover, HCT116 xenografts, which were cotreated with 5-FU and systemically delivered MSC.sTRAIL, went into remission. Noteworthy, this effect was protein 53 (p53) independent and was mediated by TRAIL-receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) upregulation, demonstrating the applicability of this approach in p53-defective tumors. Consequently, when we generated MSCs that secreted TRAIL-R2-specific variants of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL), we found that such engineered MSCs, labeled MSC.sTRAIL(DR5), had enhanced antitumor activity in combination with 5-FU when compared with MSC.sTRAIL. In contrast, TRAIL-resistant pancreatic carcinoma PancTu1 cells responded better to MSC.sTRAIL(DR4) when the antiapoptotic protein XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) was silenced concomitantly. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TRAIL-receptor selective variants can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-delivered TRAIL as part of individualized and tumor-specific combination treatments.
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22
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Volkmann J, Reuning U, Rudelius M, Häfner N, Schuster T, Becker V Ros A, Weimer J, Hilpert F, Kiechle M, Dürst M, Arnold N, Schmalfeldt B, Meindl A, Ramser J. High expression of crystallin αB represents an independent molecular marker for unfavourable ovarian cancer patient outcome and impairs TRAIL- and cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2820-32. [PMID: 23225306 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated apoptotic pathways are regarded as major reasons for chemoresistance development as a particular challenge in ovarian cancer therapy. In search of molecular factors affecting human ovarian cancer cell apoptosis and, consequently, patient survival, we examined tumors of 103 platinum-/taxane-treated ovarian cancer patients by mRNA-array hybridization, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry. We identified high expression of crystallin αB (CRYAB), a proposed negative regulator of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. By Kaplan Meier analysis, this factor turned out to be significantly associated with poor patient outcome [overall survival (OS) p = 0.001, recurrence-free survival (RFS) p = 0.003]. Elevated hazard ratios (HR) were estimated with regard to OS (HR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.10-4.06) and RFS (HR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.07-3.47) in multivariable analyses. These associations were confirmed in independent, publicly available mRNA data comprising 431 patients for OS (p < 0.001) and 413 for RFS (p < 0.001). Our findings were validated by studying apoptotic events in cultured human ovarian cancer cells which were stably transfected to express elevated CRYAB levels. These data emphasized the crucial role of CRYAB in human ovarian cancer biology since TRAIL- as well as cisplatin-induced apoptosis was significantly impaired as a function of enhanced CRYAB expression. Taken together, we identified CRYAB as an independent biomarker for unfavourable outcome of human ovarian cancer patients. Since TRAIL is currently tested as anti-cancer drug and large proportions of the present patient cohort displayed low CRYAB levels in their tumors, CRYAB may enable the selection of patient subgroups benefiting most from TRAIL-containing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Volkmann
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
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23
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Harlaar NJ, Kelder W, Sarantopoulos A, Bart J, Themelis G, van Dam GM, Ntziachristos V. Real-time near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) intra-operative imaging in ovarian cancer using an α(v)β(3-)integrin targeted agent. Gynecol Oncol 2012; 128:590-5. [PMID: 23262209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ovarian cancer, optimal cytoreductive surgery is of the utmost importance for long-term survival. The ability to visualize minuscule tumor deposits is important to ensure complete resection of the tumor. The purpose of our study was to estimate the in vivo sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of an intra-operative fluorescence imaging system combined with an α(v)β(3)-integrin targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe. METHOD Tumor bearing mice were injected intravenously with a fluorescent probe targeting α(v)β(3) integrins. Fluorescent spots and non-fluorescent tissue were identified and resected. Standard histopathology and fluorescence microscopy were used as gold-standard for tumor detection. RESULTS Fifty-eight samples excised with support of intra-operative image-guided surgery were analyzed. The mean target to background ratio was 2.2 (SD 0.5). The calculated sensitivity of the imaging system was 95%, and the specificity was 88% with a diagnostic accuracy of 96.5%. CONCLUSION Near-infrared image-guided surgery in this model has a high diagnostic accuracy and a fair target to background ratio that supports the development towards clinical translation of α(v)β(3)-integrin targeted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Harlaar
- Biological Imaging & Institute for Medical and Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
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24
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van der Bilt AR, van Scheltinga AGT, Timmer-Bosscha H, Schröder CP, Pot L, Kosterink JG, van der Zee AG, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Jong S, de Vries EG, Reyners AK. Measurement of Tumor VEGF-A Levels with 89Zr-Bevacizumab PET as an Early Biomarker for the Antiangiogenic Effect of Everolimus Treatment in an Ovarian Cancer Xenograft Model. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6306-14. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Targeting the Apo2L/TRAIL system for the therapy of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 83:1475-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Szegezdi E, Reis CR, van der Sloot AM, Natoni A, O'Reilly A, Reeve J, Cool RH, O'Dwyer M, Knapper S, Serrano L, Quax WJ, Samali A. Targeting AML through DR4 with a novel variant of rhTRAIL. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2216-31. [PMID: 21070598 PMCID: PMC4394230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01211.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) the outcome often remains poor. Tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising therapeutic agent in many different types of tumours, but AML cells are relatively insensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Here we show that TRAIL-induced apoptosis in AML cells is predominantly mediated by death receptor 4 (DR4) and not DR5. Therefore, we constructed a variant of TRAIL (rhTRAIL-C3) that is a strong inducer of DR4-mediated apoptosis. TRAIL-C3 demonstrated much stronger pro-apoptotic activity than wild-type (WT) TRAIL in a panel of AML cell lines as well as in primary AML blasts. The higher pro-apoptotic potential was further enhanced when the TRAIL mutant was used in combination with BMS-345541, a selective inhibitor of inhibitor-κB kinases. It illustrates that combination of this TRAIL variant with chemotherapeutics or other targeted agents can kill AML with high efficacy. This may represent a major advantage over the currently used therapies that have serious toxic side effects. The high efficacy of rhTRAIL-C3 containing therapies may enable the use of lower drug doses to reduce the toxic side effects and improve patient outcome. Our findings suggest that the rational design of TRAIL variants that target DR4 potentiate the death-inducing activity of TRAIL and offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Szegezdi
- Department of Biochemistry and the National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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27
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Szegezdi E, van der Sloot AM, Mahalingam D, O'Leary L, Cool RH, Muñoz IG, Montoya G, Quax WJ, de Jong S, Samali A, Serrano L. Kinetics in signal transduction pathways involving promiscuous oligomerizing receptors can be determined by receptor specificity: apoptosis induction by TRAIL. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.013730. [PMID: 22213832 PMCID: PMC3316727 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.013730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show by computer modeling that kinetics and outcome of signal transduction in case of hetero-oligomerizing receptors of a promiscuous ligand largely depend on the relative amounts of its receptors. Promiscuous ligands can trigger the formation of nonproductive receptor complexes, which slows down the formation of active receptor complexes and thus can block signal transduction. Our model predicts that increasing the receptor specificity of the ligand without changing its binding parameters should result in faster receptor activation and enhanced signaling. We experimentally validated this hypothesis using the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its four membrane-bound receptors as an example. Bypassing ligand-induced receptor hetero-oligomerization by receptor-selective TRAIL variants enhanced the kinetics of receptor activation and augmented apoptosis. Our results suggest that control of signaling pathways by promiscuous ligands could result in apparent slow biological kinetics and blocking signal transmission. By modulating the relative amount of the different receptors for the ligand, signaling processes like apoptosis can be accelerated or decelerated and even inhibited. It also implies that more effective treatments using protein therapeutics could be achieved simply by altering specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Szegezdi
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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28
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Terwisscha van Scheltinga AGT, van Dam GM, Nagengast WB, Ntziachristos V, Hollema H, Herek JL, Schröder CP, Kosterink JGW, Lub-de Hoog MN, de Vries EGE. Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence tumor imaging with vascular endothelial growth factor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 targeting antibodies. J Nucl Med 2011; 52:1778-85. [PMID: 21990576 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.092833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fluorescence imaging is currently attracting much interest as a method for intraoperative tumor detection, but most current tracers lack tumor specificity. Therefore, this technique can be further improved by tumor-specific detection. With tumor-targeted antibodies bound to a radioactive label, tumor-specific SPECT or PET is feasible in the clinical setting. The aim of the present study was to apply antibody-based tumor detection to intraoperative optical imaging, using preclinical in vivo mouse models. METHODS Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody bevacizumab and anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 antibody trastuzumab were labeled with the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence dye IRDye 800CW. Tumor uptake of the fluorescent tracers and their (89)Zr-labeled radioactive counterparts for PET was determined in human xenograft-bearing athymic mice during 1 wk after tracer injection, followed by ex vivo biodistribution and pathologic examination. Intraoperative imaging of fluorescent VEGF- or HER2-positive tumor lesions was performed in subcutaneous tumors and in intraperitoneal dissemination tumor models. RESULTS Tumor-to-background ratios, with fluorescent imaging, were 1.93 ± 0.40 for bevacizumab and 2.92 ± 0.29 for trastuzumab on day 6 after tracer injection. Real-time intraoperative imaging detected tumor lesions at even the submillimeter level in intraperitoneal dissemination tumor models. These results were supported by standard histology, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence microscopy analyses. CONCLUSION NIR fluorescence-labeled antibodies targeting VEGF or HER2 can be used for highly specific and sensitive detection of tumor lesions in vivo. These preclinical findings encourage future clinical studies with NIR fluorescence-labeled tumor-specific antibodies for intraoperative-guided surgery in cancer patients.
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Wang P, Lu Y, Li C, Li N, Yu P, Ma D. Novel transcript variants of TRAIL show different activities in activation of NF-κB and apoptosis. Life Sci 2011; 89:839-46. [PMID: 21952139 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has many transcript variants, but whether they possess distinct function is not completely known. In the present study, we compared the function of these TRAIL variants. MAIN METHODS A bioinformatics analysis was performed to examine potential TRAIL variants. For the functional study, over-expression of TRAIL isoforms was used to examine their NF-κB inducing and apoptotic activities in both cancer and normal cells. Moreover, soluble TRAIL E4 variant protein was expressed and purified in prokaryotic cells, and was used for apoptotic assay. KEY FINDINGS We cloned seven truncated TRAIL variants, designated as AK, E2, E3, E4, DA, BX424, and BX439. In comparison with the wild type TRAIL protein expressed from full-length RefSeq, over-expression of all these TRAIL variants activated NF-κB and its targeting genes in human cells at varying degrees. Some isoforms including BX424, DA and E4 even showed NF-κB, IL8, CCL4 and CCL20 promoter activating activity stronger than the wild type protein. All truncated variant proteins had no toxicity to normal human cells, similar to the wild type protein; however, they all failed to induce apoptosis in cancer cells that are sensitive to TRAIL. Recombinant soluble TRAIL E4 protein also failed to antagonize TRAIL-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE Truncated TRAIL variant proteins lost apoptotic activity but retained or even enhanced the NF-κB activating potentials, these results suggest that TRAIL variants may play roles in non-apoptotic cellular processes that are more important than we previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingzhang Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Drug-induced caspase 8 upregulation sensitises cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells to rhTRAIL-induced apoptosis. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1278-87. [PMID: 21487429 PMCID: PMC3078595 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug resistance is a major problem in ovarian cancer. Triggering apoptosis using death ligands such as tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) might overcome chemoresistance. Methods: We investigated whether acquired cisplatin resistance affects sensitivity to recombinant human (rh) TRAIL alone or in combination with cisplatin in an ovarian cancer cell line model consisting of A2780 and its cisplatin-resistant subline CP70. Results: Combining cisplatin and rhTRAIL strongly enhanced apoptosis in both cell lines. CP70 expressed less caspase 8 protein, whereas mRNA levels were similar compared with A2780. Pre-exposure of particularly CP70 to cisplatin resulted in strongly elevated caspase 8 protein and mRNA levels. Caspase 8 mRNA turnover and protein stability in the presence or absence of cisplatin did not differ between both cell lines. Cisplatin-induced caspase 8 protein levels were essential for the rhTRAIL-sensitising effect as demonstrated using caspase 8 small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and caspase-8 overexpressing constructs. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) and p53 siRNA experiments showed that neither an altered caspase 8/c-FLIP ratio nor a p53-dependent increase in DR5 membrane expression following cisplatin were involved in rhTRAIL sensitisation. Conclusion: Cisplatin enhances rhTRAIL-induced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, and induction of caspase 8 protein expression is the key factor of rhTRAIL sensitisation.
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Pfizenmaier K, Szymkowski DE. Workshop Summary: Introduction to Rational Design of New Means for Therapeutic Modulation of Function of the TNF Family. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 691:487-91. [PMID: 21153353 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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van der Sloot AM, Quax WJ. Computational design of TNF ligand-based protein therapeutics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 691:521-34. [PMID: 21153357 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6612-4_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Almer M van der Sloot
- EMBL-CRG Systems Biology Program, Design of Biological Systems, Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Dr Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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Rapid and efficient cancer cell killing mediated by high-affinity death receptor homotrimerizing TRAIL variants. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e83. [PMID: 21368856 PMCID: PMC3035906 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor family member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells through the activation of death receptors 4 (DR4) and 5 (DR5) and is considered a promising anticancer therapeutic agent. As apoptosis seems to occur primarily via only one of the two death receptors in many cancer cells, the introduction of DR selectivity is thought to create more potent TRAIL agonists with superior therapeutic properties. By use of a computer-aided structure-based design followed by rational combination of mutations, we obtained variants that signal exclusively via DR4. Besides an enhanced selectivity, these TRAIL-DR4 agonists show superior affinity to DR4, and a high apoptosis-inducing activity against several TRAIL-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines in vitro. Intriguingly, combined treatment of the DR4-selective variant and a DR5-selective TRAIL variant in cancer cell lines signalling by both death receptors leads to a significant increase in activity when compared with wild-type rhTRAIL or each single rhTRAIL variant. Our results suggest that TRAIL induced apoptosis via high-affinity and rapid-selective homotrimerization of each DR represent an important step towards an efficient cancer treatment.
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Bevis KS, Buchsbaum DJ, Straughn JM. Overcoming TRAIL resistance in ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 119:157-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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El-Gazzar A, Perco P, Eckelhart E, Anees M, Sexl V, Mayer B, Liu Y, Mikulits W, Horvat R, Pangerl T, Zheng D, Krainer M. Natural immunity enhances the activity of a DR5 agonistic antibody and carboplatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1007-18. [PMID: 20371719 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis specifically in cancer cells with little effect on normal cells. We have previously shown that TRAIL signaling is altered in most ovarian cancer patients and that resistance to TRAIL contributes to ovarian cancer progression. In this study, we investigated whether resistance to TRAIL may be overcome by a monoclonal TRAILR2 (DR5) agonistic antibody (AD5-10). We found that the joint presence of AD5-10 with TRAIL and natural killer (NK) cells expressing TRAIL resensitizes ovarian cancer cells to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The combination of AD5-10 with carboplatin exerts a more than additive effect in vitro, which may at least partially be explained by the fact that carboplatin triggers DR5 expression on ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, AD5-10 restores the sensitivity of platin-resistant ovarian cancer to carboplatin in vivo. In addition, we found that TRAIL expression and NK cells are abundant in the tumor microenvironment and that depletion of NK cells abolishes the antitumor activity of AD5-10. This indicates that NK-mediated immunosurveillance against ovarian cancer might be mediated by TRAIL and that apoptosis induced by AD5-10 requires the presence of NK cells. In conclusion, this study indicates a key role and strong antitumorigenic effect of DR5 and highlights a novel link between NK-mediated immunosurveillance and activation of DR5-mediated apoptosis in ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 1007-18. (c)2010 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kuijlen JMA, Bremer E, Mooij JJA, den Dunnen WFA, Helfrich W. Review: on TRAIL for malignant glioma therapy? Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2010; 36:168-82. [PMID: 20102513 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2010.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating cancer with a median survival of around 15 months. Significant advances in treatment have not been achieved yet, even with a host of new therapeutics under investigation. Therefore, the quest for a cure for GBM remains as intense as ever. Of particular interest for GBM therapy is the selective induction of apoptosis using the pro-apoptotic tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). TRAIL signals apoptosis via its two agonistic receptors TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. TRAIL is normally present as homotrimeric transmembrane protein, but can also be processed into a soluble trimeric form (sTRAIL). Recombinant sTRAIL has strong tumouricidal activity towards GBM cells, with no or minimal toxicity towards normal human cells. Unfortunately, GBM is a very heterogeneous tumour, with multiple genetically aberrant clones within one tumour. Consequently, any single agent therapy is likely to be not effective enough. However, the anti-GBM activity of TRAIL can be synergistically enhanced by a variety of conventional and novel targeted therapies, making TRAIL an ideal candidate for combinatorial strategies. Here we will, after briefly detailing the biology of TRAIL/TRAIL receptor signalling, focus on the promises and pitfalls of recombinant TRAIL as a therapeutic agent alone and in combinatorial therapeutic approaches for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M A Kuijlen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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The TNF superfamily in 2009: new pathways, new indications, and new drugs. Drug Discov Today 2009; 14:1082-8. [PMID: 19837186 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Today's most successful class of biologics targets the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor in autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn's. With five anti-TNF biologics now on the market, attention has turned toward novel strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of next-generation TNF inhibitors. Beyond TNF, drugs are under development that modulate many other ligands and receptors of the TNF superfamily. Biologics targeting at least 16 of the approximately 22 known ligand-receptor pairs are now in clinical development for autoimmune diseases, cancers and osteoporosis. A deeper understanding of intracellular signaling has also facilitated small-molecule interventions, opening the door to oral therapies. This report summarizes recent developments in this highly druggable superfamily, including highlights of the latest international TNF conference.
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