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Slootbeek PHJ, Tolmeijer SH, Mehra N, Schalken JA. Therapeutic biomarkers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: does the state matter? Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024; 61:178-204. [PMID: 37882463 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2266482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has been fundamentally transformed by our greater understanding of its complex biological mechanisms and its entrance into the era of precision oncology. A broad aim is to use the extreme heterogeneity of mCRPC by matching already approved or new targeted therapies to the correct tumor genotype. To achieve this, tumor DNA must be obtained, sequenced, and correctly interpreted, with individual aberrations explored for their druggability, taking into account the hierarchy of driving molecular pathways. Although tumor tissue sequencing is the gold standard, tumor tissue can be challenging to obtain, and a biopsy from one metastatic site or primary tumor may not provide an accurate representation of the current genetic underpinning. Sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) might catalyze precision oncology in mCRPC, as it enables real-time observation of genomic changes in tumors and allows for monitoring of treatment response and identification of resistance mechanisms. Moreover, ctDNA can be used to identify mutations that may not be detected in solitary metastatic lesions and can provide a more in-depth understanding of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Finally, ctDNA abundance can serve as a prognostic biomarker in patients with mCRPC.The androgen receptor (AR)-axis is a well-established therapeutical target for prostate cancer, and through ctDNA sequencing, insights have been obtained in (temporal) resistance mechanisms that develop through castration resistance. New third-generation AR-axis inhibitors are being developed to overcome some of these resistance mechanisms. The druggability of defects in the DNA damage repair machinery has impacted the treatment landscape of mCRPC in recent years. For patients with deleterious gene aberrations in genes linked to homologous recombination, particularly BRCA1 or BRCA2, PARP inhibitors have shown efficacy compared to the standard of care armamentarium, but platinum-based chemotherapy may be equally effective. A hierarchy exists in genes associated with homologous recombination, where, besides the canonical genes in this pathway, not every other gene aberration predicts the same likelihood of response. Moreover, evidence is emerging on cross-resistance between therapies such as PARP inhibitors, platinum-based chemotherapy and even radioligand therapy that target this genotype. Mismatch repair-deficient patients can experience a beneficial response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Activation of other cellular signaling pathways such as PI3K, cell cycle, and MAPK have shown limited success with monotherapy, but there is potential in co-targeting these pathways with combination therapy, either already witnessed or anticipated. This review outlines precision medicine in mCRPC, zooming in on the role of ctDNA, to identify genomic biomarkers that may be used to tailor molecularly targeted therapies. The most common druggable pathways and outcomes of therapies matched to these pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H J Slootbeek
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherland
| | - Sofie H Tolmeijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherland
| | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherland
| | - Jack A Schalken
- Department of Experimental Urology, Research Institute of Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Parikh M, Tangen C, Hussain MHA, Gupta S, Callis S, Jo Y, Harzstark A, Paller CJ, George S, Zibelman MR, Cheng HH, Maughan BL, Zhang J, Pachynski RK, Bryce AH, Lin DW, Quinn DI, Lerner SP, Thompson IM, Dorff TB, Lara PN, Agarwal N. Three- and Seven-month Prostate-specific Antigen Levels as Prognostic Markers for Overall Survival in Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: Results from SWOG S1216, a Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Androgen Deprivation Plus Orteronel or Bicalutamide. Eur Urol Oncol 2024:S2588-9311(24)00054-3. [PMID: 38523017 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A robust decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been evaluated as a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) since 2006, but the treatment of mHSPC has since evolved to include intensified therapy. OBJECTIVE We assessed the association of PSA levels at 3 (PSA-3mo) and 7 (PSA-7mo) mo with overall survival (OS) in patients with mHSPC treated with ADT combined with either bicalutamide or orteronel in the S1216 phase 3 clinical trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS PSA responses to treatment of patients in the S1216 trial were categorized as: complete response (CR) if PSA was ≤0.2 ng/ml, partial response if PSA was >0.2 and ≤4 ng/ml, and no response (NR) if PSA was >4 ng/ml. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS A Cox analysis (adjusted for treatment arm and three stratification factors: performance status, severity of disease, and early vs late induction) was used for OS association. While PSA-7mo association was a prespecified objective, PSA-3mo association was also evaluated. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 1251 and 1231 patients from the S1216 study were evaluable for PSA-3mo and PSA-7mo, respectively. A PSA-7mo CR was associated with improved OS compared with NR (HR: 0.20; p < 0.0001). A PSA-3mo CR showed a similar association to NR (HR: 0.34; p < 0.0001). The association of a PSA response with survival did not differ by treatment arm at either time point. CONCLUSIONS The PSA-3mo and PSA-7mo responses were strongly associated with OS; taken with other emerging prognostic biomarkers, these markers may allow for early identification of patients at the highest risk of death, aid with counseling in clinical practice, and permit design of future clinical trials targeting these patients. PATIENT SUMMARY A low prostate-specific antigen level at 3 or 7 mo after starting treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer predicts longer survival regardless of the first treatment given with androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Parikh
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | | | - Maha H A Hussain
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, US
| | | | - Sam Callis
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Harzstark
- Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Saby George
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Heather H Cheng
- University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel W Lin
- University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David I Quinn
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ian M Thompson
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Tanya B Dorff
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Primo N Lara
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Luo S, Meng X, Xu LP, Zhang X. Intracellular MicroRNA Imaging and Specific Discrimination of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells Using Multifunctional Gold Nanoprobe-Based Thermophoretic Assay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2217-2226. [PMID: 38262909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have emerged as powerful biomarkers for diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, the effective identification and concurrently accurate imaging of CTCs for early screening of prostate cancer have been rarely explored. Herein, we reported a multifunctional gold nanoprobe-based thermophoretic assay for simultaneous specific distinguishing of prostate cancer CTCs and sensitive imaging of intracellular microRNA (miR-21), achieving the rapid and precise detection of prostate cancer. The multifunctional gold nanoprobe (GNP-DNA/Ab) was modified by two types of prostate-specific antibodies, anti-PSMA and anti-EpCAM, which could effectively recognize the targeting CTCs, and meanwhile linked double-stranded DNA for further visually imaging intracellular miR-21. Upon the specific internalization of GNP-DNA/Ab by PC-3 cells, target aberrant miR-21 could displace the signal strand to recover the fluorescence signal for sensitive detection at the single-cell level, achieving single PC-3 cell imaging benefiting from the thermophoresis-mediated signal amplification procedure. Taking advantage of the sensitive miR-21 imaging performance, GNP-DNA/Ab could be employed to discriminate the PC-3 and Jurkat cells because of the different expression levels of miR-21. Notably, PC-3 cells were efficiently recognized from white blood cells, exhibiting promising potential for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Furthermore, GNP-DNA/Ab possessed good biocompatibility and stability. Therefore, this work provides a great tool for aberrant miRNA-related detection and specific discrimination of CTCs, achieving the early and accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiyou Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiangdan Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology Research Centre for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Precision Medicine and Health Research Institute, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
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4
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Tariki MS, Barberan CCG, Torres JA, Ruano APC, Ferreira Costa DDJ, Braun AC, da Silva Alves V, de Cássio Zequi S, da Costa WH, Fay AP, Torrezan G, Carraro DM, Domingos Chinen LT. Circulating tumor cells as a predictor and prognostic tool for metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma: An immunocytochemistry and genomic analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154918. [PMID: 37995423 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma (mccRCC) has changed dramatically over the past 20 years, without improvement in the development of biomarkers. Recently, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been validated as a prognostic and predictive tool for many solid tumors. OBJECTIVE We evaluated CTCs in blood samples obtained from patients diagnosed with mccRCC. Comparisons of CTC counts, protein expression profiling, and DNA mutants were made in relation to overall survival and progression-free survival. METHODS CTCs were isolated from 10 mL blood samples using the ISET® system (Isolation by SizE of Tumor Cells; Rarecells, France) and counted. Protein expression was evaluated in immunocytochemistry assays. DNA mutations were identified with next generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS Blood samples (10 mL) were collected from 12 patients with mccRCC before the start of first-line systemic therapy, and again 30 and 60 days after the start of treatment. All 12 patients had CTCs detected at baseline (median, 1.5 CTCs/mL; range: 0.25-7.75). Patients with CTC counts greater than the median had two or more metastatic sites and exhibited worse progression-free survival (19.7 months) compared to those with CTC counts less than the median (31.1 months). Disease progression was observed in 7/12 patients during the study. Five of these patients had baseline CTC counts greater than the median, one had higher CTC levels at the second blood collection, and one patient had CTCs present at 1 CTC/mL which positively stained for PD-L1, N-cadherin, VEGF, and SETD2. CTC DNA from six patients with worse outcomes was subjected to NGS. However, no conclusions could be made due to the low variant allele frequencies. CONCLUSION Detection of CTCs in patients with mccRCC receiving first-line treatment is a feasible tool with prognostic potential since increased numbers of CTCs were found to be associated with metastasis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Shizue Tariki
- Medical Oncology Department, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexcia Camila Braun
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | | | - Stenio de Cássio Zequi
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil; National Institute for Science and Technology in Oncogenomics and Therapeutic Innovation, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil; Graduate School, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo 04024-002, Brazil
| | - Walter Henriques da Costa
- Department of Urology, Fundação Antônio Prudente, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01509-900, Brazil
| | - André P Fay
- PUCRS School of Medicine, Rio Grande do Sul 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Giovana Torrezan
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Dirce M Carraro
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla T Domingos Chinen
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; Associação Beneficente Síria, HCor, São Paulo 04004-030, Brazil; Hospital Amaral Carvalho, Jaú, São Paulo 17210-080, Brazil
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Nguyen TNA, Huang PS, Chu PY, Hsieh CH, Wu MH. Recent Progress in Enhanced Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Monitoring Using a Combined Analysis of the Number of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Other Clinical Parameters. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5372. [PMID: 38001632 PMCID: PMC10670359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) holds promise to diagnose cancer or monitor its development. Among the methods, counting CTC numbers in blood samples could be the simplest way to implement it. Nevertheless, its clinical utility has not yet been fully accepted. The reasons could be due to the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs in blood samples that could lead to misleading results from assays only based on single CTC counts. To address this issue, a feasible direction is to combine the CTC counts with other clinical data for analysis. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of this new strategy for early detection and prognosis evaluation of cancers, or even for the distinguishment of cancers with different stages. Overall, this approach could pave a new path to improve the technical problems in the clinical applications of CTC counting techniques. In this review, the information relevant to CTCs, including their characteristics, clinical use of CTC counting, and technologies for CTC enrichment, were first introduced. This was followed by discussing the challenges and new perspectives of CTC counting techniques for clinical applications. Finally, the advantages and the recent progress in combining CTC counts with other clinical parameters for clinical applications have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Anh Nguyen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.A.N.); (P.-S.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Po-Shuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.A.N.); (P.-S.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Po-Yu Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.A.N.); (P.-S.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (T.N.A.N.); (P.-S.H.); (P.-Y.C.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei City Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 23652, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
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Chen K, Kostos L, Azad AA. Future directions in systemic treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. World J Urol 2023; 41:2021-2031. [PMID: 36029329 PMCID: PMC10415497 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-022-04135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The landscape of advanced prostate cancer treatment has evolved tremendously in past decades. The treatment paradigm has shifted from androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone to doublet combinations comprising ADT with docetaxel or an androgen receptor inhibitor, and now triplet therapy involving all 3 classes of agents. Robust clinical data has demonstrated survival benefits with this strategy of upfront treatment intensification. Subgroup analysis has alluded to the importance of tailoring treatment according to metastatic disease burden. However, defining the volume of disease is becoming increasingly controversial due to the advent of next generation molecular imaging. Several trials testing established agents in the castrate-resistant setting are now underway in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer patients. As the treatment milieu is enriched earlier in the disease trajectory, future studies should elucidate biomarkers to further define specific patient populations who will benefit most from treatment intensification and/or de-escalation, with what agents and for what duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Chen
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Kostos
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The advent of high-throughput technologies has enabled the analysis of minute amounts of tumor-derived material purified from body fluids, termed "liquid biopsies." Prostate cancer (PCa) management, like in many other cancer types, has benefited from liquid biopsies at several stages of the disease. Although initially describing circulating tumor cells in blood, the term "liquid biopsy" has come to more prominently include cell-free, circulating tumor DNA, as well as RNA, proteins, and other molecules. They provide tumor molecular information representing the entire, often-heterogeneous disease, relatively noninvasively and longitudinally. Blood has been the main liquid biopsy specimen in PCa, and urine has also proven beneficial. Technological advances have allowed clinical implementation of some liquid biopsies in PCa, in disease monitoring and precision oncology. This narrative review introduces the main types of blood-based PCa liquid biopsies focusing on advances in the past 5 years. Clinical adoption of liquid biopsies to detect and monitor the evolving PCa tumor biology promises to deepen our understanding of the disease and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi K. Cani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simpa S. Salami
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kurniali PC, Storandt MH, Jin Z. Utilization of Circulating Tumor Cells in the Management of Solid Tumors. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040694. [PMID: 37109080 PMCID: PMC10145886 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells shed from the primary tumor into circulation, with clusters of CTCs responsible for cancer metastases. CTC detection and isolation from the bloodstream are based on properties distinguishing CTCs from normal blood cells. Current CTC detection techniques can be divided into two main categories: label dependent, which depends upon antibodies that selectively bind cell surface antigens present on CTCs, or label-independent detection, which is detection based on the size, deformability, and biophysical properties of CTCs. CTCs may play significant roles in cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment navigation, including prognostication and precision medicine, and surveillance. In cancer screening, capturing and evaluating CTCs from peripheral blood could be a strategy to detect cancer at its earliest stage. Cancer diagnosis using liquid biopsy could also have tremendous benefits. Full utilization of CTCs in the clinical management of malignancies may be feasible in the near future; however, several challenges still exist. CTC assays currently lack adequate sensitivity, especially in early-stage solid malignancies, due to low numbers of detectable CTCs. As assays improve and more trials evaluate the clinical utility of CTC detection in guiding therapies, we anticipate increased use in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Kurniali
- Sanford Cancer Center, 701 E Rosser Ave, Bismarck, ND 58501, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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Zhang J, Hong Y, Wang L, Hu W, Tian G, Wu D, Wang Y, Dai L, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Fang J. Aneuploid subtypes of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor-derived endothelial cells predict the overall survival of advanced lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:829054. [PMID: 37213309 PMCID: PMC10196356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.829054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor-derived endothelial cells (CTECs) in patients with advanced lung cancer, for describing the distribution characteristics of CTC and CTEC subtypes, exploring the correlation between CTC/CTEC subtypes and novel prognostic biomarkers. Methods A total of 52 patients with advanced lung cancer were enrolled in this study. Using the subtraction enrichment-immunofluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) system, CTCs and CTECs derived from these patients were identified. Results Based on cell size, there were 49.3% small and 50.7% large CTCs, and 23.0% small and 77.0% large CTECs. Triploidy, tetraploidy, and multiploidy varied in the small and large CTCs/CTECs. Besides these three aneuploid subtypes, monoploidy was found in the small and large CTECs. Triploid and multiploid small CTCs and tetraploid large CTCs were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced lung cancer. However, none of the CTECs subtypes showed a significant correlation with patient prognosis. In addition, we found strong positive correlations (P<0.0001) in the four groups including triploid small cell size CTCs and multiploid small cell size CTECs, and multiploid small cell size CTCs and monoploid small cell size CTECs. Furthermore, combined detection of the specific subtypes, including triploid small CTC and monoploid small CTEC, triploid small CTC and triploid small CTEC, and multiploid small CTC and monoploid small CTEC, were associated with poor prognosis in advanced lung cancer. Conclusions Aneuploid small CTCs are associated with the outcome of patients with advanced lung cancer. In particular, the combined detection of triploid small CTCs and monoploid small CTECs, triploid small CTCs and triploid small CTECs, and multiploid small CTCs and monoploid small CTECs has clinical significance for predicting prognosis in patients with advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weiheng Hu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Dai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ziran Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Fang,
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10
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Swami U, Sayegh N, Jo Y, Haaland B, McFarland TR, Nussenzveig RH, Goel D, Sirohi D, Hahn AW, Maughan BL, Goldkorn A, Agarwal N. External Validation of Association of Baseline Circulating Tumor Cell Counts with Survival Outcomes in Men with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1857-1861. [PMID: 36198026 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20% of men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) progress within 1 year of treatment, and biomarkers to identify them up front are lacking. In a randomized phase III trial in men with mCSPC (SWOG S1216), higher baseline circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were prognostic of inferior outcomes. We aimed to validate these findings and interrogate corresponding tumor genomic profiles. Consecutively seen men with newly diagnosed mCSPC undergoing systemic therapy and baseline CTC enumeration by CellSearch assay were included. Gene alterations were determined by comprehensive genomic profiling of tumor tissue by Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-certified lab. The relationship between categorized CTC counts and both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed in the context of Cox proportional hazards models, both unadjusted and adjusted for age, Gleason score, PSA at androgen-deprivation therapy initiation, disease volume, de novo status, treatment intensification, and number of altered genes. Overall, 103 patients were included in the analysis. On multivariate analysis high CTCs (≥ 5 vs. 0) were associated with poorer PFS [HR, 4.52; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.84-11.11; P = 0.001) and OS (HR, 3.59; 95% CI, 0.95-13.57; P = 0.060). Patients with higher CTC counts had a greater number of altered genes and total number of alterations (all P < 0.02). In this article, for the first time, we externally validate the association of higher CTC counts with inferior survival outcomes in men with mCSPC and show a distinct associated tumor genomic landscape. These findings may improve prognostication, patient counseling, and treatment selection in men with mCSPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umang Swami
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nicolas Sayegh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yeonjung Jo
- Division of Oncology and Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Benjamin Haaland
- Division of Oncology and Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Taylor Ryan McFarland
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Roberto H Nussenzveig
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Divyam Goel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Deepika Sirohi
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Andrew W Hahn
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin L Maughan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCCC), Los Angeles, California
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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11
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Tulpule V, Morrison GJ, Falcone M, Quinn DI, Goldkorn A. Integration of Liquid Biopsies in Clinical Management of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:1287-1298. [PMID: 35575959 PMCID: PMC9474724 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The field of liquid biopsies is constantly evolving through novel technologies. This review outlines current data on liquid biopsies and application to clinical management of metastatic prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS To date, there are three platforms with FDA approval for use in the setting of metastatic prostate cancer and others which have been clinically validated. There is substantial evidence supporting the use of circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration to guide prognosis in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Additional evidence supports targeted sequencing of CTC and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) to guide androgren-directed therapy, identify candidates for treatment with PARP inhibitors, and monitor development of resistance. As a real-time and minimally invasive approach, utilization of liquid biopsies has the potential to drastically impact the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and improve overall survival. With further clinical validation, additional liquid biopsy is likely to enter standard clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Tulpule
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gareth J Morrison
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Falcone
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David I Quinn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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12
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Lu L, Hu W, Liu B, Yang T. Insights into Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters: A Barometer for Treatment Effects and Prognosis for Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163985. [PMID: 36010983 PMCID: PMC9406494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a promising biomarker for the risk of prostate cancer aggressiveness and metastasis and play a role in the processes of tumor migration and metastasis. CTC clusters, which have different physical and biological properties from individual CTCs, are collections of tumor cells and non-malignant cells, resulting in greater metastatic potential. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of CTC clusters in metastasis as well as related biological properties and to suggest possibilities for their usage in diagnostic and therapeutic practice. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits high cellular heterogeneity across patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more real-time and accurate detection methods, in both prognosis and treatment in clinical settings. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters, a population of tumor cells and non-malignant cells in the blood of patients with tumors, are a promising non-invasive tool for screening PCa progression and identifying potential benefit groups. CTC clusters are associated with tumor metastasis and possess stem-like characteristics, which are likely attributable to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, these biological properties of CTC clusters, particularly androgen receptor V7, have indicated the potential to reflect curative effects, guide treatment modalities, and predict prognosis in PCa patients. Here, we discuss the role of CTC clusters in the mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis and clinical applications, with the aim of informing more appropriate clinical decisions, and ultimately, improving the overall survival of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyao Lu
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Bingli Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai 201299, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (T.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-2050-9000 (B.L.); +86-21-6803-6506 (T.Y.)
| | - Tao Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (T.Y.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-2050-9000 (B.L.); +86-21-6803-6506 (T.Y.)
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13
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Roy S, Sayyid R, Saad F, Sun Y, Lajkosz K, Ong M, Klaassen Z, Malone S, Spratt DE, Wallis CJD, Morgan SC. Addition of Docetaxel to Androgen Receptor Axis-targeted Therapy and Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Network Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Oncol 2022; 5:494-502. [PMID: 35811293 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that addition of docetaxel or androgen receptor axis-targeted therapy (ARAT) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or addition of ARAT to ADT and docetaxel improves overall survival (OS) in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, it is unknown whether docetaxel, when given as part of triplet therapy, has an independent OS benefit. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of ADT plus ARAT with the triplet of ADT, ARAT, and docetaxel through a network meta-analysis (NMA) of RCTs in mHSPC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Bibliographic databases and conference proceedings were searched in March 2022 for RCTs that evaluated the addition of docetaxel, ARAT, or both to ADT in mHSPC. The primary endpoint was OS. Standard random-effect NMA and Bayesian analyses were performed to compare ADT plus ARAT with triplet therapy. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Eleven RCTs (n = 11 546) were eligible. Compared with ADT plus ARAT, the triplet had a nonsignificant OS benefit (hazard ratio [HR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68-1.16), while ADT plus docetaxel (HR 1.16 [0.94-1.43]) and ADT alone (HR 1.46 [1.30-1.64]) had an increased risk of death. By P-score ordering, the triplet was the most effective treatment strategy (P score = 0.936) followed by ADT plus ARAT (P score = 0.704). The triplet had a 77% likelihood of being the best treatment strategy compared with a 23% likelihood for ADT plus ARAT. CONCLUSIONS The triplet of ADT, ARAT, and docetaxel was the highest ranked treatment strategy, but it did not confer a statistically significant OS benefit over ADT plus ARAT. This NMA provides the highest-level comparative evidence for these treatment approaches in the initial management of mHSPC. PATIENT SUMMARY We synthesized the available evidence from clinical trials conducted in newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer to compare the survival of patients receiving triplet therapy (androgen receptor axis-targeted therapy [ARAT], androgen deprivation therapy [ADT], and docetaxel) with those receiving only ARAT and ADT. We conclude that the triplet is a somewhat more effective treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyajit Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Rashid Sayyid
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Fred Saad
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katherine Lajkosz
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Ong
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, The Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shawn Malone
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christopher J D Wallis
- Department of Urology, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Scott C Morgan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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14
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Hassan S, Blick T, Wood J, Thompson EW, Williams ED. Circulating Tumour Cells Indicate the Presence of Residual Disease Post-Castration in Prostate Cancer Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:858013. [PMID: 35493092 PMCID: PMC9043137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.858013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the lethal form of prostate cancer. Epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) has been associated with disease progression to CRPC, and prostate cancer therapies targeting the androgen signalling axis, including androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), promote EMP. We explored effects of castration on EMP in the tumours and circulating tumour cells (CTCs) of patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-bearing castrated mice using human-specific RT-qPCR assays and immunocytochemistry. Expression of prostate epithelial cell marker KLK3 was below detection in most tumours from castrated mice (62%, 23/37 mice), consistent with its known up-regulation by androgens. Endpoint tumour size after castration varied significantly in a PDX model-specific pattern; while most tumours were castration-sensitive (BM18, LuCaP70), the majority of LuCaP105 tumours continued to grow following castration. By contrast, LuCaP96 PDX showed a mixed response to castration. CTCs were detected in 33% of LuCaP105, 43% of BM18, 47% of LuCaP70, and 54% of LuCaP96 castrated mice using RPL32 mRNA measurement in plasma. When present, CTC numbers estimated using human RPL32 expression ranged from 1 to 458 CTCs per ml blood, similar to our previous observations in non-castrated mice. In contrast to their non-castrated counterparts, there was no relationship between tumour size and CTC burden in castrated mice. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the gene expression profiles of CTCs collected from castrated and non-castrated mice revealed distinct CTC sub-groups within the pooled population that were classified as having mesenchymal, epithelial, or EMP hybrid gene expression profiles. The epithelial signature was only found in CTCs from non-castrated mice. Hybrid and mesenchymal signatures were detected in CTCs from both castrated and non-castrated mice, with an emphasis towards mesenchymal phenotypes in castrated mice. Post-castration serum PSA levels were either below detection or very low for all the CTC positive samples highlighting the potential usefulness of CTCs for disease monitoring after androgen ablation therapy. In summary, our study of castration effects on prostate cancer PDX CTCs showed that CTCs were often detected in the castrate setting, even in mice with no palpable tumours, and demonstrated the superior ability of CTCs to reveal residual disease over the conventional clinical biomarker serum PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hassan
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jack Wood
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W. Thompson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences at Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland (APCRC-Q) and Queensland Bladder Cancer Initiative (QBCI), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth D. Williams,
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15
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Ramirez-Garrastacho M, Bajo-Santos C, Line A, Martens-Uzunova ES, de la Fuente JM, Moros M, Soekmadji C, Tasken KA, Llorente A. Extracellular vesicles as a source of prostate cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies: a decade of research. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:331-350. [PMID: 34811504 PMCID: PMC8810769 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a global cancer burden and considerable effort has been made through the years to identify biomarkers for the disease. Approximately a decade ago, the potential of analysing extracellular vesicles in liquid biopsies started to be envisaged. This was the beginning of a new exciting area of research investigating the rich molecular treasure found in extracellular vesicles to identify biomarkers for a variety of diseases. Vesicles released from prostate cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment carry molecular information about the disease that can be analysed in several biological fluids. Numerous studies document the interest of researchers in this field of research. However, methodological issues such as the isolation of vesicles have been challenging. Remarkably, novel technologies, including those based on nanotechnology, show promise for the further development and clinical use of extracellular vesicles as liquid biomarkers. Development of biomarkers is a long and complicated process, and there are still not many biomarkers based on extracellular vesicles in clinical use. However, the knowledge acquired during the last decade constitutes a solid basis for the future development of liquid biopsy tests for prostate cancer. These are urgently needed to bring prostate cancer treatment to the next level in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ramirez-Garrastacho
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Aija Line
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elena S Martens-Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Urology, Laboratory of Experimental Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Martinez de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Moros
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin Austlid Tasken
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical Engineering, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
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16
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Chelakkot C, Yang H, Shin YK. Relevance of Circulating Tumor Cells as Predictive Markers for Cancer Incidence and Relapse. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:75. [PMID: 35056131 PMCID: PMC8781286 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shedding of cancer cells from the primary site or undetectable bone marrow region into the circulatory system, resulting in clinically overt metastasis or dissemination, is the hallmark of unfavorable invasive cancers. The shed cells remain in circulation until they extravasate to form a secondary metastatic lesion or undergo anoikis. The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) found as single cells or clusters carry a plethora of information, are acknowledged as potential biomarkers for predicting cancer prognosis and cancer progression, and are supposed to play key roles in determining tailored therapies for advanced diseases. With the advent of novel technologies that allow the precise isolation of CTCs, more and more clinical trials are focusing on the prognostic and predictive potential of CTCs. In this review, we summarize the role of CTCs as a predictive marker for cancer incidence, relapse, and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Chelakkot
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Genobio Corp., Seoul 08394, Korea
| | - Hobin Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Korea
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17
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Swami U, Agarwal N. Drug development in metastatic prostate cancer: lessons from ACIS. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1487-1488. [PMID: 34600603 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umang Swami
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (NCI-CCC), Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah (NCI-CCC), Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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18
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Sayegh N, Agarwal N, Swami U. Drug Development for Prostate Cancer with Biochemical Recurrence: Trials and Tribulations. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:553-557. [PMID: 34148857 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Sayegh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Umang Swami
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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