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Boccellato C, Rehm M. TRAIL-induced apoptosis and proteasomal activity - Mechanisms, signalling and interplay. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119688. [PMID: 38368955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death, in particular apoptosis, is essential during development and tissue homeostasis, and also is the primary strategy to induce cancer cell death by cytotoxic therapies. Precision therapeutics targeting TRAIL death receptors are being evaluated as novel anti-cancer agents, while in parallel highly specific proteasome inhibitors have gained approval as drugs. TRAIL-dependent signalling and proteasomal control of cellular proteostasis are intricate processes, and their interplay can be exploited to enhance therapeutic killing of cancer cells in combination therapies. This review provides detailed insights into the complex signalling of TRAIL-induced pathways and the activities of the proteasome. It explores their core mechanisms of action, pharmaceutical druggability, and describes how their interplay can be strategically leveraged to enhance cell death responses in cancer cells. Offering this comprehensive and timely overview will allow to navigate the complexity of the processes governing cell death mechanisms in TRAIL- and proteasome inhibitor-based treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Boccellato
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
| | - Markus Rehm
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, Stuttgart 70569, Germany; University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, Stuttgart 70569, Germany.
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2
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Govindasamy B, Muthu M, Gopal J, Chun S. A review on the impact of TRAIL on cancer signaling and targeting via phytochemicals for possible cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127162. [PMID: 37788732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer therapies have been the continual pursuit of this age. Cancer has been ravaging all across the globe breathing not just threats but demonstrating them. Remedies for cancer have been frantically sought after. Few have worked out, yet till date, the available cancer therapies have not delivered a holistic solution. In a world where the search for therapies is levitating towards natural remedies, solutions based on phytochemicals are highly prospective attractions. A lot has been achieved with inputs from plant resources, providing numerous natural remedies. In the current review, we intensely survey the progress achieved in the treatment of cancer through phytochemicals-based programmed cell death of cancer cells. More specifically, we have further reviewed and discussed the role of phytochemicals in activating apoptosis via Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), which is a cell protein that can attach to certain molecules in cancer cells, killing cancer cells. The objective of this review is to enlist the various phytochemicals that are available for specifically contributing towards triggering the TRAIL cell protein-mediated cancer therapy and to point out the research gaps that require future research motivation. This is the first review of this kind in this research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramani Govindasamy
- Department of Product Development, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Therapeutic Potential of Luteolin on Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030554. [PMID: 36992138 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global concern, as the rate of incidence is increasing each year. The challenges related to the current chemotherapy drugs, such as the concerns related to toxicity, turn to cancer therapeutic research to discover alternative therapy strategies that are less toxic to normal cells. Among those studies, the use of flavonoids—natural compounds produced by plants as secondary metabolites for cancer therapy—has been a hot topic in cancer treatment. Luteolin, a flavonoid that has been present in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has been identified to exhibit numerous biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties. The anticancer property of Luteolin has been extensively researched in many cancer types and has been related to its ability to inhibit tumor growth by targeting cellular processes such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, and cell cycle progression. It achieves this by interacting with various signaling pathways and proteins. In the current review, the molecular targets of Luteolin as it exerts its anticancer properties, the combination therapy that includes Luteolin with other flavonoids or chemotherapeutic drugs, and the nanodelivery strategies for Luteolin are described for several cancer types.
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Mercer-Smith AR, Buckley A, Valdivia A, Jiang W, Thang M, Bell N, Kumar RJ, Bomba HN, Woodell AS, Luo J, Floyd SR, Hingtgen SD. Next-generation Tumor-homing Induced Neural Stem Cells as an Adjuvant to Radiation for the Treatment of Metastatic Lung Cancer. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2474-2493. [PMID: 35441348 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The spread of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to the leptomeninges is devastating with a median survival of only a few months. Radiation offers symptomatic relief, but new adjuvant therapies are desperately needed. Spheroidal, human induced neural stem cells (hiNeuroS) secreting the cytotoxic protein, TRAIL, have innate tumoritropic properties. Herein, we provide evidence that hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells can migrate to and suppress growth of NSCLC metastases in combination with radiation. In vitro cell tracking and post-mortem tissue analysis showed that hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells migrate to NSCLC tumors. Importantly, isobolographic analysis suggests that TRAIL with radiation has a synergistic cytotoxic effect on NSCLC tumors. In vivo, mice treated with radiation and hiNeuroS-TRAIL showed significant (36.6%) improvements in median survival compared to controls. Finally, bulk mRNA sequencing analysis showed both NSCLC and hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells showed changes in genes involved in migration following radiation. Overall, hiNeuroS-TRAIL cells +/- radiation have the capacity to treat NSCLC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew Buckley
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alain Valdivia
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wulin Jiang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Morrent Thang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Noah Bell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rashmi J Kumar
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hunter N Bomba
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Alex S Woodell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Scott R Floyd
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Wang Z, Chen H, Wang P, Zhou M, Li G, Hu Z, Hu Q, Zhao J, Liu X, Wu L, Liang D. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:297-309. [PMID: 35267023 PMCID: PMC8968737 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cellular vehicle for transferring anti-cancer factors to malignant tumors. Currently, a variety of anti-cancer agents, including the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), have been loaded into MSCs derived from a range of sources through different engineering methods. These engineered MSCs exhibit enormous therapeutic potential for various cancers. To avoid the intrinsic defects of MSCs derived from tissues and the potential risk of viral vectors, TRAIL was site-specifically integrated into the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using a non-viral rDNA-targeting vector and transcription activator-like effector nickases (TALENickases). These genetically modified human iPSCs were differentiated into an unlimited number of homogeneous induced MSCs (TRAIL-iMSCs) that overexpressed TRAIL in both culture supernatants and cell lysates while maintaining MSC-like characteristics over continuous passages. We found that TRAIL-iMSCs significantly induced apoptosis in A375, A549, HepG2, and MCF-7 cells in vitro. After intravenous infusion, TRAIL-iMSCs had a prominent tissue tropism for A549 or MCF-7 xenografts and significantly inhibited tumor growth through the activation of apoptotic signaling pathways without obvious side effects in tumor-bearing mice models. Altogether, our results showed that TRAIL-iMSCs have strong anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo on a range of cancers. This study allows for the development of an unlimited number of therapeutic gene-targeted MSCs with stable quality and high homogeneity for cancer therapy, thus highlighting a universal and safe strategy for stem cell-based gene therapy with high potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujia Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongting Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyun Wang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaojin Zhou
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Li
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junya Zhao
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xionghao Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding authors: Lingqian Wu, MD, PhD, Professor, Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, People’s Republic of China. Tel: +86-731-84805252; Fax: +86-731-84478152;
| | - Desheng Liang
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Desheng Liang, MD, PhD, Professor, Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, People’s Republic of China. Tel: +86-731-84805252; Fax: +86-731-84478152;
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Li Z, Sun G, Sun G, Cheng Y, Wu L, Wang Q, Lv C, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Tang W. Various Uses of PD1/PD-L1 Inhibitor in Oncology: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Oncol 2021; 11:771335. [PMID: 34869005 PMCID: PMC8635629 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of cancer are closely related to the immune escape of tumor cells and immune tolerance. Unlike previous surgical, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, tumor immunotherapy is a therapeutic strategy that uses various means to stimulate and enhance the immune function of the body, and ultimately achieves the goal of controlling tumor cells.With the in-depth understanding of tumor immune escape mechanism and tumor microenvironment, and the in-depth study of tumor immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors represented by Programmed Death 1/Programmed cell Death-Ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors are becoming increasingly significant in cancer medication treatment. employ a variety of ways to avoid detection by the immune system, a single strategy is not more effective in overcoming tumor immune evasion and metastasis. Combining different immune agents or other drugs can effectively address situations where immunotherapy is not efficacious, thereby increasing the chances of success and alternative access to alternative immunotherapy. Immune combination therapies for cancer have become a hot topic in cancer treatment today. In this paper, several combination therapeutic modalities of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors are systematically reviewed. Finally, an analysis and outlook are provided in the context of the recent advances in combination therapy with PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors and the pressing issues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chengyu Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichan Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxiang Xia
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Mercer-Smith AR, Findlay IA, Bomba HN, Hingtgen SD. Intravenously Infused Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2025-2041. [PMID: 34138421 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent influx of immunotherapies and small molecule drugs to treat tumors, cancer remains a leading cause of death in the United States, in large part due to the difficulties of treating metastatic cancer. Stem cells, which are inherently tumoritropic, provide a useful drug delivery vehicle to target both primary and metastatic tumors. Intravenous infusions of stem cells carrying or secreting therapeutic payloads show significant promise in the treatment of cancer. Stem cells may be engineered to secrete cytotoxic products, loaded with oncolytic viruses or nanoparticles containing small molecule drugs, or conjugated with immunotherapies. Herein we describe these preclinical and clinical studies, discuss the distribution and migration of stem cells following intravenous infusion, and examine both the limitations of and the methods to improve the migration and therapeutic efficacy of tumoritropic, therapeutic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Mercer-Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Ingrid A Findlay
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Hunter N Bomba
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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8
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Choi JU, Kim JY, Chung SW, Lee NK, Park J, Kweon S, Cho YS, Kim HR, Lim SM, Park JW, Lee KC, Byun Y. Dual mechanistic TRAIL nanocarrier based on PEGylated heparin taurocholate and protamine which exerts both pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects. J Control Release 2021; 336:181-191. [PMID: 34144107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The selective cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) to cancer cells but not to normal cells makes it an attractive candidate for cancer therapeutics. However, the disadvantages of TRAIL such as physicochemical instability and short half-life limit its further clinical applications. In this study, TRAIL was encapsulated into a novel anti-angiogenic nanocomplex for both improved drug distribution at the tumor site and enhanced anti-tumor efficacy. A nanocomplex was prepared firstly by entrapping TRAIL into PEG-low molecular weight heparin-taurocholate conjugate (LHT7), which is previously known as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. Then, protamine was added to make a stable form of nanocomplex (PEG-LHT7/TRAIL/Protamine) by exerting electrostatic interactions. We found that entrapping TRAIL into the nanocomplex significantly improved both pharmacokinetic properties and tumor accumulation rate without affecting the tumor selective cytotoxicity of TRAIL. Furthermore, the anti-tumor efficacy of nanocomplex was highly augmented (73.77±4.86%) compared to treating with only TRAIL (18.49 ± 19.75%), PEG-LHT7/Protamine (47.84 ± 14.20%) and co-injection of TRAIL and PEG-LHT7/Protamine (56.26 ± 9.98%). Histological analysis revealed that treatment with the nanocomplex showed both anti-angiogenic efficacy and homogenously induced cancer cell apoptosis, which suggests that accumulated TRAIL and LHT7 in tumor tissue exerted their anti-tumor effects synergistically. Based on this study, we suggest that PEG-LHT7/Protamine complex is an effective nanocarrier of TRAIL for enhancing drug distribution as well as improving anti-tumor efficacy by exploiting the synergistic mechanism of anti-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Uk Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Seung Woo Chung
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Na Kyeong Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Seho Kweon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Seok Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ha Rin Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Mook Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Choon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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9
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Ravula V, Lo YL, Wu YT, Chang CW, Patri SV, Wang LF. Arginine-tocopherol bioconjugated lipid vesicles for selective pTRAIL delivery and subsequent apoptosis induction in glioblastoma cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112189. [PMID: 34082988 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of specific therapeutic gene into glioblastoma offers potent therapeutic strategy to treat the disease. Non-viral gene delivery vectors are of particular interest due to their tuneable transfection efficiency and easy scale-up. Herein, we demonstrate successful delivery of plasmid encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (pTRAIL) using arginine-conjugated tocopherol lipid (AT) nanovesicles into glioblastoma cell lines. Another cationic lipid, glycine-conjugated tocopherol lipid (GT) having glycine in the head group region is also synthesized as a control lipid. Both lipid-derived liposomes effectively condensed the pDNA and the corresponding biomacromolecular assemblies (lipoplexes) are efficiently transfected into different cell lines. AT-based liposomes exhibit higher transfection efficacy in various cell lines, particularly selective in glioma cell lines. At an optimized N/P ratio, both the liposomal formulations show low cytotoxicity. AT-based lipoplexes have superior cellular uptake in U87 than the control lipid GT. The expression of TRAIL protein regulated death receptor and apoptosis signaling pathway is assayed by western blot using transfection of AT-based/pTRAIL into U87 cell lines. Induction of apoptosis in U87 cells exposed to AT-based/pTRAIL plasmid is evaluated by MTT assay as well as Annexin V-propidium iodide dual-staining assay. All results indicate that the developed AT-based/pTRAIL system offers a potentially safe and efficient therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Ravula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India; Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wu
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Srilakshmi V Patri
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India.
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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10
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Koch A, Jeiler B, Roedig J, van Wijk SJL, Dolgikh N, Fulda S. Smac mimetics and TRAIL cooperate to induce MLKL-dependent necroptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Neoplasia 2021; 23:539-550. [PMID: 33971465 PMCID: PMC8122156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is a highly aggressive form of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The clinical outcome in children with BL has improved over the last years but the prognosis for adults is still poor, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. Here, we report that the combinational treatment with the Smac mimetic BV6 and TRAIL triggers necroptosis in BL when caspases are blocked by zVAD.fmk (TBZ treatment). The sensitivity of BL cells to TBZ correlates with MLKL expression. We demonstrate that necroptotic signaling critically depends on MLKL, since siRNA-induced knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of MLKL profoundly protect BL cells from TBZ-induced necroptosis. Conversely, MLKL overexpression in cell lines expressing low levels of MLKL leads to necroptosis induction, which can be rescued by pharmacological inhibitors, highlighting the important role of MLKL for necroptosis execution. Importantly, the methylation status analysis of the MLKL promoter reveals a correlation between methylation and MLKL expression. Thus, MLKL is epigenetically regulated in BL and might serve as a prognostic marker for treatment success of necroptosis-based therapies. These findings have crucial implications for the development of new treatment options for BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkathrin Koch
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birte Jeiler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jens Roedig
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nadezda Dolgikh
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany.
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Babinčák M, Jendželovský R, Košuth J, Majerník M, Vargová J, Mikulášek K, Zdráhal Z, Fedoročko P. Death Receptor 5 (TNFRSF10B) Is Upregulated and TRAIL Resistance Is Reversed in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines after Treatment with Skyrin, the Active Metabolite of Hypericum spp. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1646. [PMID: 33916015 PMCID: PMC8036732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skyrin (SKR) is a plant bisanthraquinone secondary metabolite from the Hypericum genus with potential use in anticancer therapy. However, its effect and mechanism of action are still unknown. The negative effect of SKR on HCT 116 and HT-29 cancer cell lines in hypoxic and normoxic conditions was observed. HCT 116 cells were more responsive to SKR treatment as demonstrated by decreased metabolic activity, cellularity and accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. Moreover, an increasing number of apoptotic cells was observed after treatment with SKR. Based on the LC-MS comparative proteomic data from hypoxia and normoxia (data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD019995), SKR significantly upregulated Death receptor 5 (DR5), which was confirmed by real-time qualitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, multiple changes in the Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-activated cascade were observed. Moreover, the reversion of TRAIL resistance was observed in HCT 116, HT-29 and SW620 cell lines, even in hypoxia, which was linked to the upregulation of DR5. In conclusion, our results propose the use of SKR as a prospective anticancer drug, particularly as an adjuvant to TRAIL-targeting treatment to reverse TRAIL resistance in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Babinčák
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Ján Košuth
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Martin Majerník
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Jana Vargová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
| | - Kamil Mikulášek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (Z.Z.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (Z.Z.)
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šrobárova 2, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; (M.B.); (R.J.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (J.V.)
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12
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Martin AM, Cassirer EF, Waits LP, Plowright RK, Cross PC, Andrews KR. Genomic association with pathogen carriage in bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:2488-2502. [PMID: 33767816 PMCID: PMC7981200 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic composition can influence host susceptibility to, and transmission of, pathogens, with potential population-level consequences. In bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), pneumonia epidemics caused by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae have been associated with severe population declines and limited recovery across North America. Adult survivors either clear the infection or act as carriers that continually shed M. ovipneumoniae and expose their susceptible offspring, resulting in high rates of lamb mortality for years following the outbreak event. Here, we investigated the influence of genomic composition on persistent carriage of M. ovipneumoniae in a well-studied bighorn sheep herd in the Wallowa Mountains of Oregon, USA. Using 10,605 SNPs generated using RADseq technology for 25 female bighorn sheep, we assessed genomic diversity metrics and employed family-based genome-wide association methodologies to understand variant association and genetic architecture underlying chronic carriage. We observed no differences among genome-wide diversity metrics (heterozygosity and allelic richness) between groups. However, we identified two variant loci of interest and seven associated candidate genes, which may influence carriage status. Further, we found that the SNP panel explained ~55% of the phenotypic variance (SNP-based heritability) for M. ovipneumoniae carriage, though there was considerable uncertainty in these estimates. While small sample sizes limit conclusions drawn here, our study represents one of the first to assess the genomic factors influencing chronic carriage of a pathogen in a wild population and lays a foundation for understanding genomic influence on pathogen persistence in bighorn sheep and other wildlife populations. Future research should incorporate additional individuals as well as distinct herds to further explore the genomic basis of chronic carriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alynn M. Martin
- United States Geological SurveyNorthern Rocky Mountain Science CenterBozemanMTUSA
| | | | | | - Raina K. Plowright
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMTUSA
| | - Paul C. Cross
- United States Geological SurveyNorthern Rocky Mountain Science CenterBozemanMTUSA
| | - Kimberly R. Andrews
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies (IBEST)University of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
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13
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Wilson RL, Jones HN. Targeting the Dysfunctional Placenta to Improve Pregnancy Outcomes Based on Lessons Learned in Cancer. Clin Ther 2021; 43:246-264. [PMID: 33446335 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, our understanding of the disrupted mechanisms that contribute to major obstetrical diseases, including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes, has increased exponentially. Common to many of these obstetric diseases is placental maldevelopment and dysfunction; the placenta is a significant component of the maternal-fetal interface involved in coordinating, facilitating, and regulating maternal and fetal nutrient, oxygen and waste exchange, and hormone and cytokine production. Despite the advances in our understanding of placental development and function, there are currently no treatments for placental maldevelopment and dysfunction. However, given the transient nature and accessibility from the maternal circulation, the placenta offers a unique opportunity to develop targeted therapeutics for routine obstetric practices. Furthermore, given the similar developmental paradigms between the placenta and cancer, there is an opportunity to appropriate current knowledge from advances in targeted therapeutics in cancer treatments. In this review, we highlight the similarities between early placental development and cancer and introduce a number of targeted therapies currently being explored in cancer and pregnancy. We also propose a number of new effectors currently being targeted in cancer research that have the potential to be targeted in the development of treatments for pregnancy complications. Finally, we describe a method for targeting the placenta using nonviral polymers that are capable of delivering plasmids, small interfering RNA, and other effector nucleic acids, which could ultimately improve fetal and maternal outcomes from complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Helen N Jones
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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14
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Qiu Y, Sun J, Qiu J, Chen G, Wang X, Mu Y, Li K, Wang W. Antitumor Activity of Cabazitaxel and MSC-TRAIL Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Drug-Resistant Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10809-10820. [PMID: 33149686 PMCID: PMC7605918 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s277324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) can induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. However, drug resistance of tumor and short half-life seriously affects its clinical targeted therapy. Cabazitaxel (CTX) is a taxane drug, which can induce apoptosis or autophagy by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and sensitive to some drug-resistant tumors. Therefore, we explored the possibility of developing a mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) vector for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to deliver CTX/TRAIL combinations. METHODS After ultracentrifugation and dialysis, CTX/TRAIL loaded exosomes transfected MSC (MSCT)-derived exosome (EXO) (MSCT-EXO/CTX) were isolated and purified. The expression of CD63, CD9 and TRAIL was detected by BCA to confirm the origin of EXO. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the drug loading of VPF and draw the in vitro release profile. MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot were used to detect the antitumor effect of MSCT-EXO/CTX in vitro. Subsequently, the antitumor effect of MSCT-EXO/CTX in vivo was verified by mouse model. RESULTS The diameter of the membrane particles was about 60-150 nm. We have proved that the incorporation and release of CTX in MSCT-EXO can inhibit the activation of PI3K, Akt and mTOR, which is a possible synergistic mechanism of CTX. MSCT-EXO and CTX can induce the apoptosis of SCC25 tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner and exert a good synergistic effect in the proportion range of 10:1-5:1. The inherent activity of MSCT-EXO and the direct effect of MSCT-EXO/CTX on OSCC confirm that MSCT-EXO/CTX makes MSCT-EXO and CTX have an efficient synergistic effect and a highly effective pharmacological inhibition on cancer cells, as verified by the subsequent mouse model. MSCT-EXO/CTX showed the lowest relative tumor volume and the highest tumor inhibition rate (P<0.05) in vivo. CONCLUSION An MSCT-EXO-based CTX delivery system might be an effective anticancer method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jieming Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junping Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoling Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxu Mu
- Department of Stomatology, Xianghe County People ‘S Hospital, Langfang, Hebei065400, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunshan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei050017, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Godeshala S, Miryala B, Dutta S, Christensen MD, Nandi P, Chiu PL, Rege K. A library of aminoglycoside-derived lipopolymer nanoparticles for delivery of small molecules and nucleic acids. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8558-8572. [PMID: 32830211 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous delivery of small molecules and nucleic acids using a single vehicle can lead to novel combination treatments and multifunctional carriers for a variety of diseases. In this study, we report a novel library of aminoglycoside-derived lipopolymers nanoparticles (LPNs) for the simultaneous delivery of different molecular cargoes including nucleic acids and small-molecules. The LPN library was screened for transgene expression efficacy following delivery of plasmid DNA, and lead LPNs that showed high transgene expression efficacies were characterized using hydrodynamic size, zeta potential, 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. LPNs demonstrated significantly higher efficacies for transgene expression than 25 kDa polyethyleneamine (PEI) and lipofectamine, including in presence of serum. Self-assembly of these cationic lipopolymers into nanoparticles also facilitated the delivery of small molecule drugs (e.g. doxorubicin) to cancer cells. LPNs were also employed for the simultaneous delivery of the small-molecule histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor AR-42 together with plasmid DNA to cancer cells as a combination treatment approach for enhancing transgene expression. Taken together, our results indicate that aminoglycoside-derived LPNs are attractive vehicles for simultaneous delivery of imaging agents or chemotherapeutic drugs together with nucleic acids for different applications in medicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Godeshala
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
| | - Bhavani Miryala
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
| | - Subhadeep Dutta
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Matthew D Christensen
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
| | - Purbasha Nandi
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Po-Lin Chiu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA
| | - Kaushal Rege
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
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16
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Wu B, Xiong J, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Song Y, Wang N, Chen L, Zhang J. Luteolin enhances TRAIL sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells through increasing DR5 expression and Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 692:108539. [PMID: 32777260 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit extreme sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) over normal cells, highlighting TRAIL's potential as a novel and effective cancer drug. However, the therapeutic effect of TRAIL is limited due to drug resistance. In the present study, we sought to investigate the potential effects of luteolin as a TRAIL sensitizer in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. A549 and H1975 cells had low sensitivity or were resistant to TRAIL. Luteolin alone or in combination with TRAIL decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, luteolin alone or in combination with TRAIL enhanced death receptor 5 (DR5) expression and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission. However, the synergistic effect of luteolin on cell viability and apoptosis was reversed by DR5 and Drp1 inhibition, suggesting that DR5 upregulation and mitochondrial dynamics may be essential for luteolin as a sensitizer of TRAIL-based therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, luteolin treatment alone or in combination with TRAIL increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while SP600125 (the JNK inhibitor) significantly abolished the synergistic effect on DR5 expression and Drp1 translocation, indicating that JNK signaling activation was greatly associated with the synergistic effect exerted by luteolin in NSCLC cells. Therefore, TRAIL combined with luteolin could be as an effective chemotherapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yingtong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Muthu M, Chun S, Gopal J, Park GS, Nile A, Shin J, Shin J, Kim TH, Oh JW. The MUDENG Augmentation: A Genesis in Anti-Cancer Therapy? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5583. [PMID: 32759789 PMCID: PMC7432215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite multitudes of reports on cancer remedies available, we are far from being able to declare that we have arrived at that defining anti-cancer therapy. In recent decades, researchers have been looking into the possibility of enhancing cell death-related signaling pathways in cancer cells using pro-apoptotic proteins. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Mu-2/AP1M2 domain containing, death-inducing (MUDENG, MuD) have been established for their ability to bring about cell death specifically in cancer cells. Targeted cell death is a very attractive term when it comes to cancer, since most therapies also affect normal cells. In this direction TRAIL has made noteworthy progress. This review briefly sums up what has been done using TRAIL in cancer therapeutics. The importance of MuD and what has been achieved thus far through MuD and the need to widen and concentrate on applicational aspects of MuD has been highlighted. This has been suggested as the future perspective of MuD towards prospective progress in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.M.); (S.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.M.); (S.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (M.M.); (S.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Gyun-Seok Park
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (G.-S.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (G.-S.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Jisoo Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Tae-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chosun University School of Medicine, 309 Pilmoondaero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea;
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.S.); (J.S.)
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18
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Elmallah MIY, Cogo S, Constantinescu AA, Elifio-Esposito S, Abdelfattah MS, Micheau O. Marine Actinomycetes-Derived Secondary Metabolites Overcome TRAIL-Resistance via the Intrinsic Pathway through Downregulation of Survivin and XIAP. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081760. [PMID: 32708048 PMCID: PMC7464567 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis represents the major hurdle to the clinical use of TRAIL or its derivatives. The discovery and development of lead compounds able to sensitize tumor cells to TRAIL-induced cell death is thus likely to overcome this limitation. We recently reported that marine actinomycetes’ crude extracts could restore TRAIL sensitivity of the MDA-MB-231 resistant triple negative breast cancer cell line. We demonstrate in this study, that purified secondary metabolites originating from distinct marine actinomycetes (sharkquinone (1), resistomycin (2), undecylprodigiosin (3), butylcyclopentylprodigiosin (4), elloxizanone A (5) and B (6), carboxyexfoliazone (7), and exfoliazone (8)), alone, and in a concentration-dependent manner, induce killing in both MDA-MB-231 and HCT116 cell lines. Combined with TRAIL, these compounds displayed additive to synergistic apoptotic activity in the Jurkat, HCT116 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Mechanistically, these secondary metabolites induced and enhanced procaspase-10, -8, -9 and -3 activation leading to an increase in PARP and lamin A/C cleavage. Apoptosis induced by these compounds was blocked by the pan-caspase inhibitor QvD, but not by a deficiency in caspase-8, FADD or TRAIL agonist receptors. Activation of the intrinsic pathway, on the other hand, is likely to explain both their ability to trigger cell death and to restore sensitivity to TRAIL, as it was evidenced that these compounds could induce the downregulation of XIAP and survivin. Our data further highlight that compounds derived from marine sources may lead to novel anti-cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. Y. Elmallah
- LNC, INSERM, UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France; (S.C.); (A.A.C.)
- UFR Science de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.I.Y.E.); (O.M.)
| | - Sheron Cogo
- LNC, INSERM, UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France; (S.C.); (A.A.C.)
- UFR Science de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba 80215–901, Parana, Brazil;
| | - Andrei A. Constantinescu
- LNC, INSERM, UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France; (S.C.); (A.A.C.)
- UFR Science de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21079 Dijon, France
| | - Selene Elifio-Esposito
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba 80215–901, Parana, Brazil;
| | - Mohammed S. Abdelfattah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
- Marine Natural Products Unit (MNPRU), Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Olivier Micheau
- LNC, INSERM, UMR1231, F-21079 Dijon, France; (S.C.); (A.A.C.)
- UFR Science de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21079 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (M.I.Y.E.); (O.M.)
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19
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Hu Q, Shang L, Wang M, Tu K, Hu M, Yu Y, Xu M, Kong L, Guo Y, Zhang Z. Co-Delivery of Paclitaxel and Interleukin-12 Regulating Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Immunochemotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901858. [PMID: 32348030 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of malignant tumors, the combination of chemotherapy that can directly kill tumor cells and immunotherapy that can activate the body's immune system and regulate tumor microenvironments is becoming one of the most promising cancer treatments. However, to co-deliver agents with different physicochemical properties for immunochemotherapy is still facing a challenge. Here, nanoparticles are developed for the co-delivery of the hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX) and biomacromolecule interleukin-12 (IL-12) through the acid-sensitive material mPEG-Dlinkm -PDLLA and low-temperature expansion effect of Pluronic F127. The nanoparticles encrich in the tumor site, significantly inhibit the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells 4T1, and prolong the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. The underlying immune mechanism is further explored. The combination of PTX and IL-12 activates T lymphocytes and NK cells to release IFN-γ, selectively inhibits regulatory T cells and induces M1-type differentiation of tumor-related macrophages, thereby improving tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. This study may provide an effective strategy for cancer immunochemotherapy through co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drug and immune cytokine by the facile thermo-sponge nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430077 China
| | - Lihuan Shang
- Tongji School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430077 China
| | - Kun Tu
- Tongji School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Mei Hu
- Tongji School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Yulin Yu
- Tongji School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Mingwang Xu
- Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430077 China
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of PharmacyHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430077 China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of PharmacyNational Engineering Research Centre for NanomedicineHubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery SystemHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430030 China
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20
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Surapally S, Jayaprakasam M, Verma RS. Curcumin augments therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL-based immunotoxins in leukemia. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1032-1046. [PMID: 32141025 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) has been perceived as a promising anti-cancer agent because of its unique ability to kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. However, translation of TRAIL to clinical studies was less successful as a large number of cancer cells acquire resistance to TRAIL-based monotherapies. An ideal strategy to overcome TRAIL resistance is to combine it with potential sensitizing agents. OBJECTIVE To investigate the TRAIL-sensitizing effect of curcumin in leukemia. METHODS The mechanism underlying TRAIL sensitization by curcumin was studied by flow cytometric analysis of TRAIL receptors in leukemic cell lines and patient samples, and immunoblot detection of TRAIL-apoptosis signaling proteins. RESULTS Curcumin augments TRAIL-apoptotic signaling in leukemic cells by upregulating the expression of DR4 and DR5 along with suppression of cFLIP and anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1, Bcl-xl, and XIAP. Curcumin pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the sensitivity of leukemic cell lines to TRAIL recombinant proteins. IL2-TRAIL peptide in the presence of curcumin induced potent apoptosis (p < 0.001) as compared to TRAIL and IL2-TRAIL protein in leukemic cell lines with IC50 < 0.1 μΜ. Additionally, the combination of IL2-TRAIL peptide and curcumin showed significant cytotoxicity in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with an efficacy of 90% in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but 100% in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that curcumin potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis through modulation of death receptors and anti-apoptotic proteins which significantly enhances the therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Surapally
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Madhumathi Jayaprakasam
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India.
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Changes in the Concentration of Markers Participating in the Regulation of the Apoptosis Receptor Pathway Involving Soluble Tumour Necrosis Factor Ligand inducing Apoptosis (sTRAIL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the Serum of Women with Ovarian Cancer-Participation in Pathogenesis or a Possible Clinical Use? Cells 2020; 9:cells9030612. [PMID: 32143328 PMCID: PMC7140464 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, the most interesting target for clinical research is the tumour necrosis factor ligand inducing apoptosis (TRAIL), which binds specific receptors, including osteoprotegerin (OPG). The aim of the study was to analyse the concentration of soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) and OPG in the serum of women with serous or mucinous ovarian cancer, taking into account different levels of cancer histological differentiation. The group included 97 women with the diagnosed Cystadenocarcinoma papillare serosum IIIc and Cystadenocarcinoma mucinosum IIIc. Concentrations of parameters were measured by ELISA. Analysis of the obtained results showed a statistically significantly higher concentration of sTRAIL and OPG in the serum of women with ovarian serous and mucinous cancer compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was found between sTRAIL and OPG concentration in G1 and G3 serous cancer (p < 0.01) and in OPG mucinous cancer between G1 and G3 (p < 0.01) and G2 and G3 (p < 0.01). An important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is played by disorders of the apoptosis process involving the sTRAIL/OPG system, which are associated with the histological type and the degree of histological differentiation of the tumour. Determining the concentration of tested parameters in combination with other markers may be useful in the future in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, but that requires further research.
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TRAIL in oncology: From recombinant TRAIL to nano- and self-targeted TRAIL-based therapies. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104716. [PMID: 32084560 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces the apoptosis pathway in tumor cells leading to tumor cell death. Because TRAIL induction can kill tumor cells, cancer researchers have developed many agents to target TRAIL and some of these agents have entered clinical trials in oncology. Unfortunately, these trials have failed for many reasons, including drug resistance, off-target toxicities, short half-life, and specifically in gene therapy due to the limited uptake of TRAIL genes by cancer cells. To address these drawbacks, translational researchers have utilized drug delivery platforms. Although, these platforms can improve TRAIL-based therapies, they are unable to sufficiently translate the full potential of TRAIL-targeting to clinically viable products. Herein, we first summarize the complex biology of TRAIL signaling, including TRAILs cross-talk with other signaling pathways and immune cells. Next, we focus on known resistant mechanisms to TRAIL-based therapies. Then, we discuss how nano-formulation has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL protein. Finally, we specify strategies with the potential to overcome the challenges that cannot be addressed via nanotechnology alone, including the alternative methods of TRAIL-expressing circulating cells, tumor-targeting bacteria, viruses, and exosomes.
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23
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Rozga P, Kloska D, Pawlak S, Teska-Kaminska M, Galazka M, Bukato K, Pieczykolan A, Jaworski A, Molga-Kaczmarska A, Kopacz A, Badyra B, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Zolnierkiewicz O, Targosz-Korecka M, Poleszak K, Szymanik M, Zerek B, Pieczykolan J, Jozkowicz A, Grochot-Przeczek A. Novel engineered TRAIL-based chimeric protein strongly inhibits tumor growth and bypasses TRAIL resistance. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1117-1130. [PMID: 31863596 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting of the TRAIL-DR4/5 pathway was proposed as a promising approach for specific induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Clinical trials, however, showed inadequate efficiency of TRAIL as a monotherapy. It is a widely held view that the application of multifunctional molecules or combination therapy may lead to substantial improvement. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of a novel chimeric protein, AD-O51.4, which is a TRAIL equipped with positively charged VEGFA-derived effector peptides. The study was performed in multiple cancer cell line- and patient-derived xenografts. A pharmacokinetic profile was established in monkeys. AD-O51.4 strongly inhibits tumor growth, even leading to complete long-term tumor remission. Neither mice nor monkeys treated with AD-O51.4 demonstrate symptoms of drug toxicity. AD-O51.4 exhibits a satisfactory half-life in plasma and accumulates preferentially in tumors. The cellular mechanism of AD-O51.4 activity involves both cytotoxic effects in tumor cells and antiangiogenic effects on the endothelium. The presence of DRs in cancer cells is crucial for AD-O51.4-driven apoptosis execution. The TRAIL component of the fusion molecule serves as an apoptosis inducer and a cellular anchor for the effector peptides in TRAIL-sensitive and TRAIL-resistant cancer cells, respectively. The FADD-dependent pathway, however, seems to be not indispensable in death signal transduction; thus, AD-O51.4 is capable of bypassing the refractoriness of TRAIL. AD-O51.4-driven cell death, which exceeds TRAIL activity, is achieved due to the N-terminally fused polypeptide, containing VEGFA-derived effector peptides. The high anticancer efficiency of AD-O51.4 combined with its safety has led to the entry of AD-O51.4 into toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rozga
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | - Damian Kloska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pawlak
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | | | - Marlena Galazka
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bukato
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | - Anna Pieczykolan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | - Albert Jaworski
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Kopacz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogna Badyra
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Neli Kachamakova-Trojanowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Olga Zolnierkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Targosz-Korecka
- Department of Physics of Nanostructures and Nanotechnology, Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Poleszak
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | - Michal Szymanik
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Zerek
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Pieczykolan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Adamed Pharma S.A. Pienkow, Czosnow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Grochot-Przeczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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miR-221 Augments TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells by Inducing Endogenous TRAIL Expression and Targeting the Functional Repressors SOCS3 and PIK3R1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6392748. [PMID: 31828111 PMCID: PMC6881584 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6392748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
miR-221 is regarded as an oncogene in many malignancies, and miR-221-mediated resistance towards TRAIL was one of the first oncogenic roles shown for this small noncoding RNA. In contrast, miR-221 is downregulated in prostate cancer (PCa), thereby implying a tumour suppressive function. By using proliferation and apoptosis assays, we show a novel feature of miR-221 in PCa cells: instead of inducing TRAIL resistance, miR-221 sensitized cells towards TRAIL-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction. Partially responsible for this effect was the interferon-mediated gene signature, which among other things contained an endogenous overexpression of the TRAIL encoding gene TNFSF10. This TRAIL-friendly environment was provoked by downregulation of the established miR-221 target gene SOCS3. Moreover, we introduced PIK3R1 as a target gene of miR-221 in PCa cells. Proliferation assays showed that siRNA-mediated downregulation of SOCS3 and PIK3R1 mimicked the effect of miR-221 on TRAIL sensitivity. Finally, Western blotting experiments confirmed lower amounts of phospho-Akt after siRNA-mediated downregulation of PIK3R1 in PC3 cells. Our results further support the tumour suppressing role of miR-221 in PCa, since it sensitises PCa cells towards TRAIL by regulating the expression of the oncogenes SOCS3 and PIK3R1. Given the TRAIL-inhibiting effect of miR-221 in various cancer entities, our results suggest that the influence of miR-221 on TRAIL-mediated apoptosis is highly context- and entity-dependent.
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Goklany S, Lu P, Godeshala S, Hall A, Garrett-Mayer E, Voelkel-Johnson C, Rege K. Delivery of TRAIL-expressing plasmid DNA to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo using aminoglycoside-derived polymers. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7014-7025. [PMID: 31633707 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01286a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand that can preferentially induce apoptosis in cancer cells over normal cells. The transmembrane form of TRAIL has been shown to elicit much stronger activity than its soluble counterpart but delivery is a potential challenge. Here, we investigated the potential of aminoglycoside-derived polymers to enhance delivery of a plasmid (pEF-TRAIL) that expresses the transmembrane form of TRAIL in order to determine the effect on cell death in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Transgene delivery efficacy and toxicity of aminoglycoside-derived polymers was first evaluated using a GFP-expressing plasmid (pEF-GFP) at different plasmid amounts and plasmid : polymer ratios in UMUC3 bladder cancer and HeLa cervical cancer cells. Delivery of the TRAIL plasmid using aminoglycoside-derived polymers resulted in up to 60% cell death in UMUC3 and HeLa cells; TRAIL protein expression was confirmed using Western blots. TRAIL plasmid delivery resulted in a decrease in cellular procaspase-8 and an increase in TRAIL receptor DR5 levels, suggesting a role for the death receptor and caspase cascade in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. The TRAIL plasmid did not cause cell death in normal human or mouse fibroblasts. The in vivo delivery of the TRAIL plasmid using a paromomycin-derived polymer resulted in significant reduction in tumor burden and increased survival in tumor-bearing live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheba Goklany
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler Mall, ECG 303, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA.
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Alkharashi NAO, Periasamy VS, Athinarayanan J, Alshatwi AA. Sulforaphane alleviates cadmium-induced toxicity in human mesenchymal stem cells through POR and TNFSF10 genes expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108896. [PMID: 31035011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane is a dietary compound possessing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-aging properties. The role of sulforaphane in the context of cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity through the alteration of nuclear morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, and gene expression patterns, however, remains unclear. Thus, we assessed the protective role of sulforaphane against Cd-induced nuclear and mitochondrial damage in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cells were exposed to Cd and sulforaphane, either alone or in combination, for 48 h. The cell viability was assessed by adopting MTT assay. The nuclear morphology was investigated using Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining and Hoechst staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential loss and lysosomal staining were analyzed using JC-1 staining and LysoRed staining respectively. The gene expression was studied using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. After 48 h of exposure to Cd, the viability of hMSCs decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, a single treatment with the phytochemical sulforaphane did not cause any remarkable reduction in hMSC viability. Combined treatment with Cd and sulforaphane resulted in a marked recovery in cell viability compared to that observed in cells treated with Cd alone. Analysis of nuclear morphology indicated that Cd induced necrotic cell death, while combined Cd and sulforaphane treatment prevented nuclear morphology changes. Cd ions also significantly attenuate the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and alter gene expression in hMSCs; however, we observed that sulforaphane improves MMP under conditions of Cd-sulforaphane co-treatment of hMSCs. The gene expression results indicate that POR, TNFRSF1A and TNFSF10 genes expression are significantly upregulated by Cd-sulforaphane co-treatment than Cd or sulforaphane treatment alone. Our study results clearly indicate that sulforaphane can protect hMSCs against Cd-induced changes in nuclear morphology, attenuation of MMP, and alteration of gene expression patterns. Thus, intake of sulforaphane-enriched vegetables and fruits will be helpful to overcome Cd-induced toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Abdulkareem Omer Alkharashi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Home EconomicsPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jegan Athinarayanan
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Alshatwi
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Spinnenhirn V, Demgenski J, Brunner T. Death Receptor Interactions With the Mitochondrial Cell Death Pathway During Immune Cell-, Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:72. [PMID: 31069226 PMCID: PMC6491631 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its extensive vascularization and physiological function as a filter and storage organ, the liver is constantly exposed to infectious and tumorigenic threat, as well as damaging actions of xenobiotics. Detoxification reactions are essential for the excretion of harmful substances, but harbor also the risk of “side effects” leading to dangerous metabolites of otherwise harmless substances, a well known effect during paracetamol overdose. These drugs can have detrimental effects, which often involves the induction of sterile inflammation and activation of the immune system. Therefore, the role of certain immune cells and their effector molecules in the regulation of drug-induced liver damage are of special interest. Hepatocytes are type II cells, and death receptor (DR)-induced cell death (CD) requires amplification via the mitochondrial pathway. However, this important role of the mitochondria and associated CD-regulating signaling complexes appears to be not restricted to DR signaling, but to extend to drug-induced activation of mitochondrial CD pathways. We here discuss the role of members of the TNF family, with a focus on TRAIL, and their interactions with the Bcl-2 family in the crosstalk between the extrinsic and intrinsic CD pathway during xenobiotic-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spinnenhirn
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Janine Demgenski
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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MSC.sTRAIL Has Better Efficacy than MSC.FL-TRAIL and in Combination with AKTi Blocks Pro-Metastatic Cytokine Production in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040568. [PMID: 31010082 PMCID: PMC6521093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising new treatment option for cancer. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential in delivering therapeutic genes in various tumour models and are now on the verge of being tested in the clinic. A number of therapeutic genes have been examined in this context, including the death ligand TRAIL. For cell therapy, it can be used in its natural form as a full-length and membrane-bound protein (FL-TRAIL) or as an engineered version commonly referred to as soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL). As to which is more therapeutically efficacious, contradicting results have been reported. We discovered that MSCs producing sTRAIL have significantly higher apoptosis-inducing activity than cells expressing FL-TRAIL and found that FL-TRAIL, in contrast to sTRAIL, is not secreted. We also demonstrated that TRAIL does induce the expression of pro-metastatic cytokines in prostate cancer cells, but that this effect could be overcome through combination with an AKT inhibitor. Thus, a combination consisting of small-molecule drugs specifically targeting tumour cells in combination with MSC.sTRAIL, not only provides a way of sensitising cancer cells to TRAIL, but also reduces the issue of side-effect-causing cytokine production. This therapeutic strategy therefore represents a novel targeted treatment option for advanced prostate cancer and other difficult to treat tumours.
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Li Q, Ding Y, Guo X, Luo S, Zhuang H, Zhou J, Xu N, Yan Z. Chemically modified liposomes carrying TRAIL target activated hepatic stellate cells and ameliorate hepatic fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1951-1962. [PMID: 30592139 PMCID: PMC6378220 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, no satisfactory anti‐liver fibrosis drugs have been used clinically due to the poor targeting ability and short half‐life period. This study aimed to explore the effects of a new TRAIL (TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand) preparation that can target aHSCs (activated hepatic stellate cells) on liver fibrosis and explain the possible underlying mechanism. Using our self‐made drug carrier pPB‐SSL that specifically targets aHSCs, recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL) protein was embedded in (named as pPB‐SSL‐TRAIL) and applied to treat liver fibrotic mice as well as 3T3 fibroblast cells and aHSCs. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that, compared with the groups treated with TRAIL (free rhTRAIL) and SSL‐TRAIL (rhTRAIL capsulated within unmodified liposome), the group treated with pPB‐SSL‐TRAIL nanoparticles showed significantly lower cell viability and higher cell apoptosis in vitro. The targeting delivering system pPB‐SSL also significantly enhanced the anti‐fibrotic effect, apoptosis induction and long circulation of rhTRAIL. After the treatment with pPB‐SSL‐TRAIL, apoptosis of aHSCs was notably increased and hepatic fibrosis in mice was remarkably alleviated. In vitro, pPB‐SSL‐TRAIL nanoparticles were mainly transported and located on membrane or into cytoplasm, but the particles were distributed mainly in mouse fibrotic liver and most on the cell membrane of aHSCs. In conclusion, rhTRAIL carried by pPB‐SSL delivering system has prolonged circulation in blood, be able to target aHSCs specifically, and alleviate fibrosis both in vitro and in vivo. It presents promising prospect in the therapy of liver fibrosis, and it is worthwhile for us to develop it for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youcheng Ding
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlai Guo
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenggen Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiren Zhuang
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - JingE Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Sensitization of glioblastoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by IAP- and Bcl-2 antagonism. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1112. [PMID: 30385739 PMCID: PMC6212537 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of effective treatments for glioblastoma (GBM), we here studied the responsiveness of GBM cell lines to the combination of death ligand, TRAIL and the IAP antagonist, TL32711 (Birinapant). Responses were highly heterogeneous, with synergistic apoptosis as well as treatment resistance observed. Caspase-8 and Bid, together with caspase-3, form a nonlinear signalling hub that efficiently induced apoptosis in responder cell lines. Cells resistant to TRAIL/TL32711 expressed low amounts of procaspase-8 and Bid and poorly activated caspase-3. We therefore hypothesised that improving caspase-8 activation or sensitising mitochondria to truncated Bid (tBid) could convert non-responder GBM cell lines to responders. Mathematical simulations of both strategies predicted mitochondrial sensitization to tBid would outperform enhancing caspase-8 activation. Indeed, antagonising Bcl-2 by ABT-199 allowed TRAIL/TL32711 response synergies to manifest in otherwise TRAIL resistant cell lines. These findings were further corroborated in experiments with a translationally relevant hexavalent TRAIL variant. Our study therefore demonstrates that a high caspase-8/Bid signature is associated with synergistic TRAIL/TL32711-induced apoptosis in GBM cells and outlines Bcl-2 antagonism as a highly potent intervention to sensitize highly TRAIL-resistant GBM cells to TRAIL/TL32711 combination treatment.
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Gu S, Jung ME, Yoon JY, Yoon SE, Lee JJ, Lee K, Choi G, Kim NS, Jeon MK. Novel Indazole-based MKK7-TIPRL Interaction Inhibitors as TRAIL Sensitizers. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Gu
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Eun Jung
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yong Yoon
- Genome Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology; Daejeon 305-333 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Yoon
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Lee
- Genome Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology; Daejeon 305-333 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology; Korea University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Gildon Choi
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology; Korea University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Genome Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology; Daejeon 305-333 Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics; Korea University of Science and Technology; Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Kook Jeon
- Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division; Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology; Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Liu Z, Wang H, Liu X, Zhou Z, Tang J, Liu X, Zheng M, Shen Y. SAHA (vorinostat) facilitates functional polymer-based gene transfection via upregulation of ROS and synergizes with TRAIL gene delivery for cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:306-314. [PMID: 30188217 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1519028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery is an attractive approach for the treatment of many diseases including cancer, benefiting from its safety and large-scale production concerns. However, the relatively low transfection efficacy compared with viral vectors restricts the clinical applications of non-viral gene vectors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered charge reversal polymers (named B-PDEAEA) presented improved transfection efficacy, because of fast release of plasmid DNA responding to enhanced oxidative stress in cancer cells. But inadequate dissociation can still occur owing to the insufficient intracellular ROS generation. Here, we report SAHA (vorinostat), which is a clinical histone deacetylase inhibitor and anticancer drug, induces the ROS accumulation in cancer cells, and facilitates the charge reversal process of B-PDEAEA and the cellular dissociation of the delivered gene from the vectors. As a result, SAHA remarkably increases the gene transfection efficacy in an ROS-dependent manner. Importantly, SAHA synergizes with B-PDEAEA mediated therapeutic gene TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) delivery in inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. These findings support the first concept of improving the gene delivery efficacy of stimuli-responsive vectors through upregulating the cellular ROS via an FDA approved anticancer agent. Additionally, combination of SAHA and TRAIL gene therapy could be a potential strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zimo Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Huifang Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xin Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Min Zheng
- b State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Youqing Shen
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Kim SL, Min IS, Park YR, Lee ST, Kim SW. Lipocalin 2 inversely regulates TRAIL sensitivity through p38 MAPK-mediated DR5 regulation in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2789-2799. [PMID: 30221676 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis through death receptors (DRs)4 and/or 5 expressed on the cell surface. Multiple clinical trials are underway to evaluate the antitumor activity of recombinant human TRAIL and agonistic antibodies to DR4 or DR5. However, their therapeutic potential is limited by the high frequency of cancer resistance. In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating the role of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) in the TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of human colorectal cancer (CRC). By analyzing the mRNA expression data of 71 CRC tissues from patients, we found that DR5 was preferentially expressed in CRC tissues with a low LCN2 expression level compared to tissues with a high LCN2 expression level. Moreover, we analyzed the association between DR5 and LCN2 expression and this analysis revealed that DR5 expression in CRC tended to be inversely associated with LCN2 expression. By contrast, no association was found between the DR4 and LCN2 expression levels. The expression patterns of LCN2 in human CRC cell lines also exhibited an inverse association with DR5 expression. The knockdown of LCN2 by siRNA in the TRAIL‑resistant CRC cells expressing high levels of LCN2 led to a significant increase in TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the upregulation of DR5 protein and mRNA expression. The mechanism through which LCN2 silencing sensitized the CRC cells to TRAIL was dependent on the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. In addition, we identified that the knockdown of LCN2 enhanced the sensitivity of the cells to TRAIL through the p38 MAPK/CHOP-dependent upregulation of DR5. Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that LCN2 is responsible for TRAIL sensitivity and LCN2 may thus prove to be a promising target protein in DR-targeted CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-712, Korea
| | - In Suk Min
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-712, Korea
| | - Young Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-712, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-712, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 561-712, Korea
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Chen Y, Wei L, Zhang X, Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang S, Zhou L, Li Q, Pan Q, Zhao S, Liu H. 3‑Bromopyruvate sensitizes human breast cancer cells to TRAIL‑induced apoptosis via the phosphorylated AMPK‑mediated upregulation of DR5. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2435-2444. [PMID: 30132536 PMCID: PMC6151892 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis is associated with the expression of death receptors on the cell membrane. However, drug resistance limits the use of TRAIL in cancer therapy. Numerous studies have indicated that death receptors, which induce apoptosis, are upregulated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BP), an anticancer agent, inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through interfering with glycolysis. In the present study, it was demonstrated that 3-BP synergistically sensitized breast cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis via the upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5). Furthermore, we found that the protein levels of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) increased following treatment with 3-BP. The expression of Bax (in MCF-7 cells) and caspase-3 (in MDA-MB-231 cells) increased following co-treatment with 3-BP and TRAIL, whereas the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism regulating this effect, the expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), activated by 3-BP, was determined. It was demonstrated that phosphorylated-AMPK was upregulated following treatment with 3-BP. Notably, Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, reversed the effects of 3-BP. Finally, a synergistic antitumor effect of 3-BP and TRAIL was observed in MCF-7 cell xenografts in nude mice. In conclusion, these results indicated that 3-BP sensitized breast cancer cells to TRAIL via the AMPK-mediated upregulation of DR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xianfu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Yansong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Lanzhu Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Li
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Pan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Surong Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen D, Chea C, Miyauchi M, Fujii M, Takata T. Interaction between N-cadherin and decoy receptor-2 regulates apoptosis in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31516-31530. [PMID: 30140387 PMCID: PMC6101147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin is a neural cell adhesion molecule that aberrantly occurs in head and neck cancers to promote cancer cell growth. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that N-cadherin increases cancer cell growth by inhibiting apoptosis. Apoptosis eliminates old, unnecessary, and unhealthy cells. However, tumor cells have the ability of avoiding apoptosis that increases cancer cell growth. Recent studies have found that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in tumor cells by reacting with four distinct cell surface receptors: TRAIL-R1 (DR-4), TRAIL-R2 (DR-5), TRAIL-R3 (DcR-1), and TRAIL-R4 (DcR-2). Among these TRAIL receptors, the death receptors DR-4 and DR-5 transmit apoptotic signals owing to the death domain in the intracellular portion. Conversely, the decoy receptors DcR-1 and DcR-2 lack a complete intracellular portion, so neither can transmit apoptotic signals. DcR-1 or DcR-2 overexpression suppresses TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, N-cadherin overexpression increased DcR-2 expression and decreased DR-5 expression. In contrast, knockdown of N-cadherin expression upregulated DR-5 expression and downregulated DcR-2 expression. A significantly positive relationship between N-cadherin and DcR-2 expression was also found in HNSCC specimens. Those specimens with a lower apoptotic index showed a higher expression of N-cadherin and/or DcR-2. In addition, we demonstrated that N-cadherin interacts directly with DcR-2. Notably, DcR-2 induces cancer cell survival through the cleavage of caspases and PARP by activating MAPK/ERK pathway and suppressing NF-kB/ p65 phosphorylation, which has a very important role in resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Nguyen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Global Dental Medicine and Molecular Oncology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chanbora Chea
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makiko Fujii
- Department of Global Dental Medicine and Molecular Oncology, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Basic Life Science, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Wang L, Min Z, Wang X, Hu M, Song D, Ren Z, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Arsenic trioxide and sorafenib combination therapy for human hepatocellular carcinoma functions via up-regulation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3341-3350. [PMID: 30127933 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival benefits of sorafenib treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited due to drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, combinations of sorafenib with other low toxicity drugs, including arsenic trioxide (As2O3) require investigation. The present study aimed to evaluate the potency of apoptosis-induction by As2O3/sorafenib treatment in HCC cell lines, Huh7, 97H and freshly-isolated HCC cells, and also to elucidate the underlying mechanism. A total of 10 patients with HCC were enrolled in the present study. Freshly-isolated HCC cells were purified from HCC tissues collected at surgery. HCC-cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry using proprium iodide/Annexin-V staining. The impacts of As2O3 and/or sorafenib on Huh7, 97H and fresh-isolated HCC-cell proliferation were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The downregulation of TRAIL protein expression was achieved using small interfering RNA. The combination of As2O3 and sorafenib had anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in the liver cancer cell line, Huh7, via increased expression of TRAIL, but not in 97H cells. TRAIL-knockdown increased the drug-resistance of Huh7 cells. Freshly-isolated HCC cells were more sensitive to the As2O3 and sorafenib combination than the single drug treatments. Overall, the combination of As2O3 and sorafenib demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity in Huh7 and freshly-isolated HCC cells via a TRAIL-dependent pathway. This may be a potential therapeutic approach for advanced HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Min
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mushuang Hu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dongli Song
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Biomedical Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital Qingpu Branch, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Kim SW, Moon JH, Park SY. Activation of autophagic flux by epigallocatechin gallate mitigates TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis via down-regulation of death receptors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65660-65668. [PMID: 27582540 PMCID: PMC5323182 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea. Recent studies have reported that EGCG can inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis and activate autophagic flux in cancer cells. However, the mechanism behind these processes is unclear. The present study found that EGCG prevents tumor cell death by antagonizing the TRAIL pathway and activating autophagy flux. Our results indicate that EGCG dose-dependently inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis and decreases the binding of death receptor 4 and 5 (DR4 and 5) to TRAIL. In addition, EGCG activates autophagy flux, which is involved in the inhibition of TRAIL cell death. We confirmed that the protective effect of EGCG can be reversed using genetic and pharmacological tools through re-sensitization to TRAIL. The inhibition of autophagy flux affects not only the re-sensitization of tumor cells to TRAIL, but also the restoration of death receptor proteins. This study demonstrates that EGCG inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis through the manipulation of autophagic flux and subsequent decrease in number of death receptors. On the basis of these results, we suggest further consideration of the use of autophagy activators such as EGCG in combination anti-tumor therapy with TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
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38
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Manouchehri JM, Turner KA, Kalafatis M. TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in TRAIL-Resistant Breast Carcinoma Through Quercetin Cotreatment. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018; 12:1178223417749855. [PMID: 29434473 PMCID: PMC5802616 DOI: 10.1177/1178223417749855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. There is a continued interest for the development of more efficacious treatment regimens for breast carcinoma. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL) shows potential as a potent anticancer therapeutic for the treatment of breast cancer, whereas displaying minimal toxicity to normal cells. However, the promise of rhTRAIL for the treatment of breast cancer is dismissed by the resistance to rhTRAIL-induced apoptosis exhibited by many breast cancers. Thus, a cotreatment strategy was examined by applying the natural compound quercetin (Q) as a sensitizing agent for rhTRAIL-resistant breast cancer BT-20 and MCF-7 cells. Quercetin was able to sensitize rhTRAIL-resistant breast cancers to rhTRAIL-induced apoptosis as detected by Western blotting through the proteasome-mediated degradation of c-FLIPL and through the upregulation of DR5 expression transcriptionally. Overall, these in vitro findings establish that Q is an effective sensitizing agent for rhTRAIL-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine M Manouchehri
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katherine A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Kalafatis
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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39
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Implication of 4E-BP1 protein dephosphorylation and accumulation in pancreatic cancer cell death induced by combined gemcitabine and TRAIL. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3204. [PMID: 29233971 PMCID: PMC5870593 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer cells show varying sensitivity to the anticancer effects of gemcitabine. However, as a chemotherapeutic agent, gemcitabine can cause intolerably high levels of toxicity and patients often develop resistance to the beneficial effects of this drug. Combination studies show that use of gemcitabine with the pro-apoptotic cytokine TRAIL can enhance the inhibition of survival and induction of apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. Additionally, following combination treatment there is a dramatic increase in the level of the hypophosphorylated form of the tumour suppressor protein 4E-BP1. This is associated with inhibition of mTOR activity, resulting from caspase-mediated cleavage of the Raptor and Rictor components of mTOR. Use of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK indicates that the increase in level of 4E-BP1 is also caspase-mediated. ShRNA-silencing of 4E-BP1 expression renders cells more resistant to cell death induced by the combination treatment. Since the levels of 4E-BP1 are relatively low in untreated pancreatic cancer cells these results suggest that combined therapy with gemcitabine and TRAIL could improve the responsiveness of tumours to treatment by elevating the expression of 4E-BP1.
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40
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Worzfeld T, Finkernagel F, Reinartz S, Konzer A, Adhikary T, Nist A, Stiewe T, Wagner U, Looso M, Graumann J, Müller R. Proteotranscriptomics Reveal Signaling Networks in the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 17:270-289. [PMID: 29141914 PMCID: PMC5795391 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by early transcoelomic metastatic spread via the peritoneal fluid, where tumor cell spheroids (TU), tumor-associated T cells (TAT), and macrophages (TAM) create a unique microenvironment promoting cancer progression, chemoresistance, and immunosuppression. However, the underlying signaling mechanisms remain largely obscure. To chart these signaling networks, we performed comprehensive proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of TU, TAT, and TAM from ascites of ovarian cancer patients. We identify multiple intercellular signaling pathways driven by protein or lipid mediators that are associated with clinical outcome. Beyond cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, these include proteins of the extracellular matrix, immune checkpoint regulators, complement factors, and a prominent network of axon guidance molecules of the ephrin, semaphorin, and slit families. Intriguingly, both TU and TAM from patients with a predicted short survival selectively produce mediators supporting prometastatic events, including matrix remodeling, stemness, invasion, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression, whereas TAM associated with a longer survival express cytokines linked to effector T-cell chemoattraction and activation. In summary, our study uncovers previously unrecognized signaling networks in the ovarian cancer microenvironment that are of potential clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Worzfeld
- From the ‡Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical-Pharmacological Center (BPC), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany 35043; .,§Department of Pharmacology, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany 61231
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- ¶Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany 35043
| | - Silke Reinartz
- ‖Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany 35043
| | - Anne Konzer
- **Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany 61231
| | - Till Adhikary
- ¶Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany 35043
| | - Andrea Nist
- ‡‡Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany 35043
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- ‡‡Genomics Core Facility, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany 35043
| | - Uwe Wagner
- §§Clinic for Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Marburg, Germany 35043
| | - Mario Looso
- ¶¶Bioinformatics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany 61231
| | - Johannes Graumann
- **Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany 61231
| | - Rolf Müller
- ¶Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany 35043;
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Shi K, Xue J, Fang Y, Bi H, Gao S, Yang D, Lu A, Li Y, Chen Y, Ke L. Inorganic Kernel-Reconstituted Lipoprotein Biomimetic Nanovehicles Enable Efficient Targeting "Trojan Horse" Delivery of STAT3-Decoy Oligonucleotide for Overcoming TRAIL Resistance. Theranostics 2017; 7:4480-4497. [PMID: 29158840 PMCID: PMC5695144 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can selectively induce apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells, but not most normal cells. Nevertheless, its therapeutic potential is limited due to the frequent occurrence of resistance in tumor cells, especially hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Therefore, we investigated the reversal effect of STAT3-decoy oligonucleotides (ODNs) on TRAIL resistance. Methods. Considering that the drawback of poor cellular permeability and rapid degradation in vivo limited ODNs' further clinical applications, we developed a biomimetic calcium phosphate-reconstituted low density lipoprotein nanovehicle (CaP@LDL) that would serve as a “Trojan horse” to carry STAT3-decoy ODNs into tumor cells and then regulate TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Results. In comparison with native ODNs, the reconstituted CaP@LDL packaged ODNs showed significantly increased serum stability, cellular transfection, in vitro synergistic cytotoxicity and apoptosis in hepatoma cells, while there was no cytotoxicity to normal cells. The improved TRAIL sensitization is attributed to blocking of STAT3 signaling and consequent expression of the downstream target antiapoptotic gene. Following systemic administration, CaP@LDL displayed LDL-mimicking pharmacokinetic behavior such as attenuated blood clearance as well as enhanced accumulation in tumor and hepatorenal sites. With the synergistic combination of decoyODN/CaP@LDL, TRAIL dramatically inhibited hepatic tumor growth in a xenograft model and induced significant tumor apoptosis in vivo. Conclusion. These results suggested that CaP@LDL-mediated STAT3-decoy ODN delivery might be a promising new strategy for reversing TRAIL resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
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Meyer K, Kwon YC, Ray RB, Ray R. N-terminal gelsolin fragment potentiates TRAIL mediated death in resistant hepatoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12803. [PMID: 28993697 PMCID: PMC5634413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-α related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively kills tumor cells, without damaging normal cells. TRAIL receptors facilitate induction of apoptosis for selective elimination of malignant cells. However, some cancer cells have developed resistances to TRAIL which limits anticancer potential. Gelsolin, a multifunctional actin-binding protein, mediates cell death involving the TRAIL receptors in the hepatic stellate cell line, LX2. Here, we have shown that conditioned medium (CM) containing gelsolin fragments or an N-terminal gelsolin fragment (amino acid residues 1-70) in the presence of TRAIL impairs cell viability of TRAIL resistant transformed human hepatocytes (HepG2). Cell growth regulation by CM and TRAIL was associated with the modulation of p53/Mdm2, Erk and Akt phosphorylation status. The use of N-terminal gelsolin peptide1-70 alone or in combination with TRAIL, induced inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and key survival factors, Mdm2 and Survivin. Treatment of cells with an Akt activator SC79 or p53 siRNA reduced the effects of the N-terminal gelsolin fragment and TRAIL. Together, our study suggests that the N-terminal gelsolin fragment enhances TRAIL-induced loss of cell viability by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt and promoting p53 function, effecting cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Meyer
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Young-Chan Kwon
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, USA.
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ONC201 activates ER stress to inhibit the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21626-21638. [PMID: 28423492 PMCID: PMC5400611 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ONC201 was previously identified as a first-in-class antitumor agent and small-molecule inducer of the TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) gene that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. ONC201 has a safety profile and is currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of various malignancies. In the current study, we examine the effect of ONC201 on triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer that is sensitive to TRAIL. We find that ONC201 inhibits the growth of TNBC cells including TNBC cells that have developed acquired TRAIL resistance. However, TNBC cells that have developed acquired ONC201 resistance are cross-resistant to TRAIL. Mechanistically, ONC201 triggers an integrated stress response (ISR) involving the activation of the transcription factor ATF4. Knockdown of ATF4 impairs ONC201-induced apoptosis of TNBC cells. Importantly, the activation of ATF4 is compromised in ONC201-resistant TNBC cells. Thus, our results indicate that ONC201 induces an ISR to cause TNBC cell death and suggest that TNBC patients may benefit from ONC201-based therapies.
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Ke S, Zhou T, Yang P, Wang Y, Zhang P, Chen K, Ren L, Ye S. Gold nanoparticles enhance TRAIL sensitivity through Drp1-mediated apoptotic and autophagic mitochondrial fission in NSCLC cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2531-2551. [PMID: 28408823 PMCID: PMC5383076 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s129274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its agonistic receptors have been identified as highly promising antitumor agents preferentially eliminating cancer cells with minimal damage, the emergence of TRAIL resistance in most cancers may contribute to therapeutic failure. Thus, there is an urgent need for new approaches to overcome TRAIL resistance. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are one of the most promising nanomaterials that show immense antitumor potential via targeting various cellular and molecular processes; however, the effects of AuNPs on TRAIL sensitivity in cancer cells remain unclear. In this study, we found that AuNPs combined with TRAIL exhibited a greater potency in promoting apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells compared with TRAIL alone, suggesting that AuNPs sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL. Further experiments demonstrated that the combination of TRAIL and AuNPs was more effective in causing excessive mitochondrial fragmentation in cancer cells accompanied by a dramatic increase in mitochondrial recruitment of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial dysfunctions, and enhancement of autophagy induction. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of Drp1 or inhibition of autophagy could effectively alleviate apoptosis in cells exposed to TRAIL combined with AuNPs. In vivo studies revealed that AuNPs augmented TRAIL sensitivity in tumor-bearing mice. Our data indicated that AuNPs potentiate apoptotic response to TRAIL in NSCLC cells through Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission, and TRAIL combined with AuNPs can be a potential chemotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkui Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University
| | - Peiyan Yang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yange Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University
| | - Keman Chen
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University
| | - Shefang Ye
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University
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Multiple hyperthermia-mediated release of TRAIL/SPION nanocomplex from thermosensitive polymeric hydrogels for combination cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2017; 132:16-27. [PMID: 28399459 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) possesses strong anti-cancer potential because of its ability to specifically kill cancer cells. However, clinical use of TRAIL is impeded by its short in vivo half-life and native TRIAL-resistant cancer cell populations. To overcome these limitations, we designed a multiple magnetic hyperthermia (MHT)-mediated TRAIL release system for combination therapy using an injectable, biodegradable and thermosensitive polymeric hydrogel. In this system, positively charged TRAIL and hydrophobic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are complexed with negatively charged poly(organophosphazene) polymers via ionic and hydrophobic interactions, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy images showed a nano-sized core-shell structure of the TRAIL/SPION polymeric nanocomplex in aqueous solution that transformed into a hydrogel at body temperature. Hyperthermia can enhance the release of TRAIL from hydrogels through temperature-sensitive hydrogel dissolution. TRAIL-resistant U-87 MG cells were killed by the combination of TRAIL and multiple hyperthermia via caspase-3 and -8 active apoptosis. The hyperthermia-enhanced cytotoxicity of TRAIL was dependent on the hyperthermia cycle number and corresponding TRAIL release. Significant in vivo tumor reduction was observed by combining 2 cycles of mild MHT and TRAIL release using a single injection of TRAIL/SPION nanocomplex hydrogels without damage to main organs. Furthermore, the therapeutic outcomes can be monitored by long-term magnetic resonance imaging.
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46
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Pileczki V, Pop L, Braicu C, Budisan L, Bolba Morar G, Del C Monroig-Bosque P, Sandulescu RV, Berindan-Neagoe I. Double gene siRNA knockdown of mutant p53 and TNF induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6921-6933. [PMID: 27956838 PMCID: PMC5113913 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the major downregulated pathway in cancer. Simultaneous inhibition using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) of two key player genes, p53 and TNF, is an interesting and feasible strategy when it comes to investigating various molecular pathways and biological processes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is one of the most aggressive and therapeutically unresponsive forms of breast cancers. Our present research focuses on evaluating the impact of double p53-siRNA and TNF-siRNA knockdown at a cellular level, and also evaluating cell proliferation, apoptosis, induction of autophagy, and gene expression by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction array approaches. Simultaneous inhibition of p53 and TNF in Hs578T TNBC human cell line revealed a panel of up- and downregulated genes involved in apoptosis. Furthermore, the effects of double gene knockdown were validated in a second TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231, by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assay. All our findings help in understanding the functional mechanisms of extrinsic apoptosis, cell signaling pathways, and the mechanisms involved in tumor cell survival, growth, and death in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pileczki
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
| | - Laura Pop
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Livia Budisan
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Bolba Morar
- Department of Senology, the Oncology Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Robert V Sandulescu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- The Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, the Oncology Institute "Prof Dr Ion Chiricuta", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Niacin alleviates TRAIL-mediated colon cancer cell death via autophagy flux activation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4356-68. [PMID: 26517672 PMCID: PMC4826210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin, also known as vitamin B3 or nicotinamide is a water-soluble vitamin that is present in black beans and rice among other foods. Niacin is well known as an inhibitor of metastasis in human breast carcinoma cells but the effect of niacin treatment on TRAIL-mediated apoptosis is unknown. Here, we show that niacin plays an important role in the regulation of autophagic flux and protects tumor cells against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Our results indicated that niacin activated autophagic flux in human colon cancer cells and the autophagic flux activation protected tumor cells from TRAIL-induced dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential and tumor cell death. We also demonstrated that ATG5 siRNA and autophagy inhibitor blocked the niacin-mediated inhibition of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study is the first report demonstrating that niacin inhibits TRAIL-induced apoptosis through activation of autophagic flux in human colon cancer cells. And our results also suggest that autophagy inhibitors including genetic and pharmacological tools may be a successful therapeutics during anticancer therapy using TRAIL.
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48
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Karmakar UK, Ishikawa N, Arai MA, Ahmed F, Koyano T, Kowithayakorn T, Ishibashi M. Boesenberols, Pimarane Diterpenes with TRAIL-Resistance-Overcoming Activity from Boesenbergia pandurata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2075-2082. [PMID: 27508308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
TRAIL is a potent and selective inducer of apoptosis in most cancer cells while sparing normal cells, which makes it an attractive target for the development of new cancer therapies. In a screening program on natural resources with the ability to abrogate TRAIL resistance, the bioassay-guided fractionation of Boesenbergia pandurata rhizomes resulted in the isolation of 17 pimarane diterpenes and a monoterpene. Among these, compounds 1-8, named boesenberols A-H, are new pimarane diterpenes. All compounds exhibited TRAIL-resistance-overcoming activity in TRAIL-resistant AGS cells. Subtoxic doses of the major compound 9 sensitized AGS cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by up-regulating apoptosis-inducing proteins, such as DR4, DR5, p53, Fas, CHOP, Bak, and cleaved caspases-3, -8, and -9, and down-regulating the levels of cell survival proteins, such as Bcl-2, c-FLIP, and GSK-3β, in TRAIL-resistant AGS cells. Furthermore, compound 9 did not decrease the viability of noncancerous (HEK293) cells at concentrations up to 30 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal K Karmakar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University , Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Naoki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Midori A Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Dhaka , Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Takashi Koyano
- Temko Corporation , 4-27-4 Honcho, Nakano, Tokyo 164-0012, Japan
| | | | - Masami Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Greene LM, Nathwani SM, Zisterer DM. Inhibition of γ-secretase activity synergistically enhances tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induced apoptosis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells via upregulation of death receptor 5. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2900-2905. [PMID: 27698877 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a rare and aggressive hematopoietic malignancy prone to relapse and drug resistance. Half of all T-ALL patients exhibit mutations in Notch1, which leads to aberrant Notch1 associated signaling cascades. Notch1 activation is mediated by the γ-secretase cleavage of the Notch1 receptor into the active intracellular domain of Notch1 (NCID). Clinical trials of γ-secretase small molecule inhibitors (GSIs) as single agents for the treatment of T-ALL have been unsuccessful. The present study demonstrated, using immunofluorescence and western blotting, that blocking γ-secretase activity in T-ALL cells with N-[(3,5-difluorophenyl) acetyl]-L-alanyl-2-phenyl] glycine-1,1-dimethylethyl ester (DAPT) downregulated NCID and upregulated the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptor 5 (DR5). Upregulation of DR5 restored the sensitivity of T-ALL cells to TRAIL. Combination index revealed that the combined treatment of DAPT and TRAIL synergistically enhanced apoptosis compared with treatment with either drug alone. TRAIL combined with the clinically evaluated γ-secretase inhibitor 3-[(1r, 4s)-4-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-4-(2, 5-difluorophenyl) cyclohexyl] propanoic acid (MK-0752) also significantly enhanced TRAIL-induced cell death compared with either drug alone. DAPT/TRAIL apoptotic synergy was dependent on the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and was associated with a decrease in BH3 interacting-domain death agonist and x-linked inhibitor of apoptosis. In conclusion, γ-secretase inhibition represents a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome TRAIL resistance for the treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Greene
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Seema M Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland
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Perimenis P, Galaris A, Voulgari A, Prassa M, Pintzas A. IAP antagonists Birinapant and AT-406 efficiently synergise with either TRAIL, BRAF, or BCL-2 inhibitors to sensitise BRAFV600E colorectal tumour cells to apoptosis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:624. [PMID: 27520705 PMCID: PMC4982265 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High expression levels of Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) have been correlated with poor cancer prognosis and block the cell death pathway by interfering with caspase activation. SMAC-mimetics are small-molecule inhibitors of IAPs that mimic the endogenous SMAC and promote the induction of cell death by neutralizing IAPs. Methods In this study, anti-tumour activity of new SMAC-mimetics Birinapant and AT-406 is evaluated against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and IAP cross-talk with either oncogenic BRAF or BCL-2, or with the TRAIL are further exploited towards rational combined protocols. Results It is shown that pre-treatment of SMAC-mimetics followed by their combined treatment with BRAF inhibitors can decrease cell viability, migration and can very efficiently sensitize colorectal tumour cells to apoptosis. Moreover, co-treatment of TRAIL with SMAC-mimetics can efficiently sensitize resistant tumour cells to apoptosis synergistically, as shown by median effect analysis. Finally, Birinapant and AT-406 can synergise with BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 to reduce viability of adenocarcinoma cells with high BCL-2 expression. Conclusions Proposed synergistic rational anticancer combined protocols of IAP antagonists Birinapant and AT-406 in 2D and 3D cultures can be later further exploited in vivo, from precision tumour biology to precision medical oncology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2606-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippos Perimenis
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Galaris
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Voulgari
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Margarita Prassa
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Pintzas
- Laboratory of Signal Mediated Gene Expression, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
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