1
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Cominetti MMD, Goddard ZR, Hood BR, Beekman AM, O'Connell MA, Searcey M. Borylation via iridium catalysed C-H activation: a new concise route to duocarmycin derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5603-5607. [PMID: 38904084 PMCID: PMC11234497 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of the ethyl ester analogue of the ultrapotent antitumour antibiotic seco-duocarmycin SA has been achieved in eleven linear steps from commercially available starting materials. The DSA alkylation subunit can be made in ten linear steps from the same precursor. The route involves C-H activation at the equivalent of the C7 position on indole leading to a borylated intermediate 9 that is stable enough for peptide coupling reactions but can be easily converted to the free hydroxyl analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M D Cominetti
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Zoë R Goddard
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Bethany R Hood
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Andrew M Beekman
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Maria A O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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2
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Al-saraireh YM, Alshammari FOFO, Abu-azzam OH, Al-dalain SM, Al-sarayra YM, Haddad M, Makeen H, Al-Qtaitat A, Almermesh M, Al-sarayreh SA. Targeting Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Ovarian Cancers: New Approaches to Tumor-Selective Intervention. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2898. [PMID: 38001897 PMCID: PMC10669316 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been significant developments in treatment for ovarian cancer, yet the lack of targeted therapy with few side effects still represents a major issue. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family plays a vital role in the tumorigenesis process and metabolism of drugs and has a negative impact on therapy outcomes. Gaining more insight into CYP expression is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer since many isoforms are essential to the metabolism of xenobiotics and steroid hormones, which drive the disease's development. To the best of our knowledge, no review articles have documented the intratumoral expression of CYPs and their implications in ovarian cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a clear understanding of differential CYP expression in ovarian cancer and its implications for the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, together with the effects of CYP polymorphisms on chemotherapy metabolism. Finally, we discuss opportunities to exploit metabolic CYP expression for the development of novel therapeutic methods to treat ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M. Al-saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Fatemah O. F. O. Alshammari
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh 15432, Kuwait;
| | - Omar H. Abu-azzam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Sa’ed M. Al-dalain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
| | - Yahya M. Al-sarayra
- Al-Karak Governmental Hospital, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 86, Al-Karak 11118, Jordan;
| | - Mansour Haddad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Hafiz Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aiman Al-Qtaitat
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
- Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Almermesh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameeh A. Al-sarayreh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan;
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3
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Investigation of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2- a]quinolines as potential antiproliferative agents. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:229-239. [PMID: 36892071 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been demonstrated that the lead compound 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline 1a selectively inhibits CYP1 enzymes. Additionally, CYP1 inhibition has been linked to inducing antiproliferative effects in various breast cancer cell lines as well as relieving drug resistance caused by CYP1 upregulation. Materials & methods: Herein, 54 novel analogs of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline 1a have been synthesized with varied substitution on the phenyl and imidazole rings. Antiproliferative testing was conducted using 3H thymidine uptake assays. Results: 2-Phenylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline 1a and phenyl-substituted analogs 1c (3-OMe), 1n (2,3-napthalene) displayed excellent anti-proliferative activities, demonstrating their potency against cancer cell lines for the first time. Molecular modeling suggested that 1c and 1n bind similarly to 1a in the CYP1 binding site.
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Jackson KD, Argikar UA, Cho S, Crouch RD, Driscoll JP, Heck C, King L, Maw HH, Miller GP, Seneviratne HK, Wang S, Wei C, Zhang D, Khojasteh SC. Bioactivation and Reactivity Research Advances - 2021 year in review. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:246-281. [PMID: 35876116 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2097254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This year's review on bioactivation and reactivity began as a part of the annual review on biotransformation and bioactivation led by Cyrus Khojasteh (Khojasteh et al., 2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017; Baillie et al., 2016). Increased contributions from experts in the field led to the development of a stand alone edition for the first time this year focused specifically on bioactivation and reactivity. Our objective for this review is to highlight and share articles which we deem influential and significant regarding the development of covalent inhibitors, mechanisms of reactive metabolite formation, enzyme inactivation, and drug safety. Based on the selected articles, we created two sections: (1) reactivity and enzyme inactivation, and (2) bioactivation mechanisms and safety (Table 1). Several biotransformation experts have contributed to this effort from academic and industry settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klarissa D Jackson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Non-clinical Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sungjoon Cho
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Rachel D Crouch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - James P Driscoll
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. Bristol Myers Squibb, Brisbane, CA, 94005, USA
| | - Carley Heck
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lloyd King
- Department of DMPK, UCB Biopharma UK, 216 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Hlaing Holly Maw
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Grover P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St Slot 516, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Herana Kamal Seneviratne
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Cong Wei
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS412a, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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5
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Jiao B, Liu K, Gong H, Ding Z, Xu X, Ren J, Zhang G, Yu Q, Gan Z. Bladder cancer selective chemotherapy with potent NQO1 substrate co-loaded prodrug nanoparticles. J Control Release 2022; 347:632-648. [PMID: 35618186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Currently, clinical intravesical instillation chemotherapy has been greatly compromised by the toxicological and physiological factors. New formulations that can specifically and efficiently kill bladder cancer cells are in urgent need to overcome the low residence efficiency and dose limiting toxicity of current ones. The combination of mucoadhesive nanocarriers and cancer cell selective prodrugs can to great extent address these limitations. However, the insignificant endogenous stimulus difference between cancer cells and normal cells in most cases and the high local drug concentration make it essential to develop new drugs with broader selectivity-window. Herein, based on the statistically different NQO1 expression between cancerous and normal bladder tissues, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activatable epirubicin prodrug and highly potent NQO1 substrate, KP372-1, was co-delivered using a GSH-responsive mucoadhesive nanocarrier. After endocytosis, epirubicin could be promptly activated by the NQO1-dependent ROS production caused by KP372-1, thus specifically inhibiting the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. Since KP372-1 is much more potent than some commonly used NQO1 substrates, for example, β-lapachone, the cascade drug activation could occur under much lower drug concentration, thus greatly lowering the toxicity in normal cells and broadening the selectivity-window during intravesical bladder cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Jiao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kunpeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenshan Ding
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ren
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Urology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingsong Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhihua Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Organic-inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
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6
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Bart AG, Morais G, Vangala VR, Loadman PM, Pors K, Scott EE. Cytochrome P450 Binding and Bioactivation of Tumor-Targeted Duocarmycin Agents. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:49-57. [PMID: 34607808 PMCID: PMC8969195 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Duocarmycin natural products are promising anticancer cytotoxins but too potent for systemic use. Re-engineering of the duocarmycin scaffold has enabled the discovery of prodrugs designed for bioactivation by tissue-specific cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Lead prodrugs bioactivated by both P450 isoforms CYP1A1 and CYP2W1 have shown promising results in xenograft studies; however, to fully understand the potential of these agents it is desirable to compare dual-targeting compounds with isoform-selective analogs. Such redesign requires insight into the molecular interactions with these P450 enzymes. Herein binding and metabolism of the individual stereoisomers of the indole-based duocarmycin prodrug ICT2700 and a nontoxic benzofuran analog ICT2726 were evaluated with CYP1A1 and CYP2W1, revealing differences exploitable for drug design. Although enantiomers of both compounds bound to and were metabolized by CYP1A1, the stereochemistry of the chloromethyl fragment was critical for CYP2W1 interactions. CYP2W1 differentially binds the S enantiomer of ICT2726, and its metabolite profile could potentially be used as a biomarker to identify CYP2W1 functional activity. In contrast to benzofuran-based ICT2726, CYP2W1 differentially binds the R isomer of the indole-based ICT2700 over the S stereoisomer. Thus the ICT2700 R configuration warrants further investigation as a scaffold to favor CYP2W1-selective bioactivation. Furthermore, structures of both duocarmycin S enantiomers with CYP1A1 reveal orientations correlating with nontoxic metabolites, and further drug design optimization could lead to a decrease of CYP1A1 bioactivation. Overall, distinctive structural features present in the two P450 active sites can be useful for improving P450-and thus tissue-selective-bioactivation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Prodrug versions of the natural product duocarmycin can be metabolized by human tissue-specific cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes 1A1 and 2W1 to form an ultrapotent cytotoxin and/or high affinity 2W1 substrates to potentially probe functional activity in situ. The current work defines the binding and metabolism by both P450 enzymes to support the design of duocarmycins selectively activated by only one human P450 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron G Bart
- Program in Biophysics (A.G.B., E.E.S.) and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry (E.E.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics (G.M., P.M.L., K.P.), Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science (V.R.V.), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Goreti Morais
- Program in Biophysics (A.G.B., E.E.S.) and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry (E.E.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics (G.M., P.M.L., K.P.), Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science (V.R.V.), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Venu R Vangala
- Program in Biophysics (A.G.B., E.E.S.) and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry (E.E.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics (G.M., P.M.L., K.P.), Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science (V.R.V.), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Program in Biophysics (A.G.B., E.E.S.) and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry (E.E.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics (G.M., P.M.L., K.P.), Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science (V.R.V.), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Pors
- Program in Biophysics (A.G.B., E.E.S.) and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry (E.E.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics (G.M., P.M.L., K.P.), Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science (V.R.V.), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily E Scott
- Program in Biophysics (A.G.B., E.E.S.) and Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry (E.E.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics (G.M., P.M.L., K.P.), Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science (V.R.V.), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, United Kingdom
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7
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Presa D, Khurram SA, Zubir AZA, Smarakan S, Cooper PA, Morais GR, Sadiq M, Sutherland M, Loadman PM, McCaul J, Shnyder SD, Patterson LH, Pors K. Cytochrome P450 isoforms 1A1, 1B1 AND 2W1 as targets for therapeutic intervention in head and neck cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18930. [PMID: 34556703 PMCID: PMC8460628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that head and neck cancer (HNC) is a complex multistage process that in part involves exposure to a combination of carcinogens and the capacity of certain drug-metabolising enzymes including cytochrome P450 (CYP) to detoxify or activate such carcinogens. In this study, CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP2W1 expression in HNC was correlated with potential as target for duocarmycin prodrug activation and selective therapy. In the HNC cell lines, elevated expression was shown at the gene level for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 whereas CYP2W1 was hardly detected. However, CYP2W1 was expressed in FaDu and Detroit-562 xenografts and in a cohort of human HNC samples. Functional activity was measured in Fadu and Detroit-562 cells using P450-Glo™ assay. Antiproliferative results of duocarmycin prodrugs ICT2700 and ICT2706 revealed FaDu and Detroit-562 as the most sensitive HNC cell lines. Administration of ICT2700 in vivo using a single dose of ICT2700 (150 mg/kg) showed preferential inhibition of small tumour growth (mean size of 60 mm3) in mice bearing FaDu xenografts. Significantly, our findings suggest a potential targeted therapeutic approach to manage HNCs by exploiting intratumoural CYP expression for metabolic activation of duocarmycin-based prodrugs such as ICT2700.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Presa
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Syed A Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Amir Z A Zubir
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, 19 Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Sneha Smarakan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Patricia A Cooper
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Goreti R Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Maria Sadiq
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Mark Sutherland
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - James McCaul
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK.,Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Laurence H Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, West Yorkshire, UK.
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8
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Sadowska A, Nynca A, Ruszkowska M, Paukszto L, Myszczynski K, Swigonska S, Orlowska K, Molcan T, Jastrzebski JP, Ciereszko RE. Transcriptional profiling of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Reprod Toxicol 2021; 104:143-154. [PMID: 34363982 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a man-made chemical compound contaminating the environment. An exposure of organisms to TCDD results in numerous disorders. The main mechanism of TCDD action involves the induction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway followed by the increase in the expression and activity of cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) enzymes. The main aim of the present study was to identify, by means of RNA sequencing, transcripts involved in the mechanism of TCDD action in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, known to not express CYP1A1 enzyme. The CHO cells were treated with TCDD for 3, 12 or 24 h, and total RNA was isolated and sequenced. Thirty six (padjusted < 0.05) or six (padjusted < 0.05, log2FC ≥ 1.0/log2FC≤-1.0) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in TCDD-treated cells depending on the assumed statistical criteria. The dioxin up- and downregulated the expression of genes associated with ovarian follicle functions, development, cardiovascular system, signal transduction, inflammation and carcinogenesis. TCDD did not affect the expression of any of 522 miRNAs which were identified in the cells. The expression of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 was demonstrated neither in control nor in TCDD-treated CHO cells, although the respective genes were found in the cell genome. Twenty two other CYP enzymes were identified in CHO cells, however their expression was also not affected by TCDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sadowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Nynca
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Ruszkowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lukasz Paukszto
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczynski
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Swigonska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karina Orlowska
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan P Jastrzebski
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Renata E Ciereszko
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
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9
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Ortuzar N, Karu K, Presa D, Morais GR, Sheldrake HM, Shnyder SD, Barnieh FM, Loadman PM, Patterson LH, Pors K, Searcey M. Probing cytochrome P450 (CYP) bioactivation with chloromethylindoline bioprecursors derived from the duocarmycin family of compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116167. [PMID: 33932713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The duocarmycins belong to a class of agent which has great potential for use in cancer therapy. Their exquisite potency means they are too toxic for systemic use, and targeted approaches are required to unlock their clinical potential. In this study, we have explored seco-OH-chloromethylindoline (CI) duocarmycin-based bioprecursors for their potential for cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated cancer cell kill. We report on synthetic and biological explorations of racemic seco-CI-MI, where MI is a 5-methoxy indole motif, and dehydroxylated analogues. We show up to a 10-fold bioactivation of de-OH CI-MI and a fluoro bioprecursor analogue in CYP1A1-transfected cells. Using CYP bactosomes, we also demonstrate that CYP1A2 but not CYP1B1 or CYP3A4 has propensity for potentiating these compounds, indicating preference for CYP1A bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ortuzar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Kersti Karu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Daniela Presa
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Goreti R Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Helen M Sheldrake
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Steve D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Francis M Barnieh
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Laurence H Patterson
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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10
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Sneha S, Baker SC, Green A, Storr S, Aiyappa R, Martin S, Pors K. Intratumoural Cytochrome P450 Expression in Breast Cancer: Impact on Standard of Care Treatment and New Efforts to Develop Tumour-Selective Therapies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030290. [PMID: 33809117 PMCID: PMC7998590 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatment strategies over the past decade, selective treatment of breast cancer with limited side-effects still remains a great challenge. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes contribute to cancer cell proliferation, cell signaling and drug metabolism with implications for treatment outcomes. A clearer understanding of CYP expression is important in the pathogenesis of breast cancer as several isoforms play critical roles in metabolising steroid hormones and xenobiotics that contribute to the genesis of breast cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on how the presence of CYPs impacts on standard of care (SoC) drugs used to treat breast cancer as well as discuss opportunities to exploit CYP expression for therapeutic intervention. Finally, we provide our thoughts on future work in CYP research with the aim of supporting ongoing efforts to develop drugs with improved therapeutic index for patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smarakan Sneha
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Simon C. Baker
- Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology & York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Andrew Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.G.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sarah Storr
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.G.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Radhika Aiyappa
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.G.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Stewart Martin
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.G.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)1274-236482 or +44-(0)1274-235866; Fax: +44-(0)1274-233234
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11
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Raju B, Choudhary S, Narendra G, Verma H, Silakari O. Molecular modeling approaches to address drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) mediated chemoresistance: a review. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:45-75. [PMID: 33535824 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1874406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance against clinically approved anticancer drugs is the main roadblock in cancer treatment. Drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) that are capable of metabolizing a variety of xenobiotic get overexpressed in malignant cells, therefore, catalyzing drug inactivation. As evident from the literature reports, the levels of DMEs increase in cancer cells that ultimately lead to drug inactivation followed by drug resistance. To puzzle out this issue, several strategies inclusive of analog designing, prodrug designing, and inhibitor designing have been forged. On that front, the implementation of computational tools can be considered a fascinating approach to address the problem of chemoresistance. Various research groups have adopted different molecular modeling tools for the investigation of DMEs mediated toxicity problems. However, the utilization of these in-silico tools in maneuvering the DME mediated chemoresistance is least considered and yet to be explored. These tools can be employed in the designing of such chemotherapeutic agents that are devoid of the resistance problem. The current review canvasses various molecular modeling approaches that can be implemented to address this issue. Special focus was laid on the development of specific inhibitors of DMEs. Additionally, the strategies to bypass the DMEs mediated drug metabolism were also contemplated in this report that includes analogs and pro-drugs designing. Different strategies discussed in the review will be beneficial in designing novel chemotherapeutic agents that depreciate the resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baddipadige Raju
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Shalki Choudhary
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Gera Narendra
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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12
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Lang DK, Kaur R, Arora R, Saini B, Arora S. Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: An Overview. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:2150-2168. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200705214917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is spreading all over the world, and it is becoming the leading cause of major
deaths. Today’s most difficult task for every researcher is to invent a new drug that can treat cancer with minimal
side effects. Many factors, including pollution, modern lifestyle and food habits, exposure to oncogenic
agents or radiations, enhanced industrialization, etc. can cause cancer. Treatment of cancer is done by various
methods that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery and immunotherapy in combination or singly along
with kinase inhibitors. Most of the anti-cancer drugs use the concept of kinase inhibition.
Objective:
The number of drugs being used in chemotherapy has heterocycles as their basic structure in spite of
various side effects. Medicinal chemists are focusing on nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds like pyrrole,
pyrrolidine, pyridine, imidazole, pyrimidines, pyrazole, indole, quinoline, oxadiazole, azole, benzimidazole,
etc. as the key building blocks to develop active biological compounds. The aim of this study is to attempt
to compile a dataset of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs.
Methods:
We adopted a structural search on notorious journal publication websites and electronic databases
such as Bentham Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, USFDA, etc. for the collection of peer-reviewed
research and review articles for the present review. The quality papers were retrieved, studied, categorized into
different sections, analyzed and used for article writing.
Conclusion:
As per FDA databases, nitrogen-based heterocycles in the drug design are almost 60% of unique
small-molecule drugs. Some of the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs are Axitinib, Bosutinib,
Cediranib, Dasatanib (Sprycel®), Erlotinib (Tarceva®), Gefitinib (Iressa®), Imatinib (Gleevec®), Lapatinib (Tykerb
®), Linifanib, Sorafenib (Nexavar®), Sunitinib (Sutent®), Tivozanib, etc. In the present review, we shall focus
on the overview of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic active compounds as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Balraj Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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13
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Jukes Z, Morais GR, Loadman PM, Pors K. How can the potential of the duocarmycins be unlocked for cancer therapy? Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:577-584. [PMID: 33232841 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The duocarmycins belong to a class of agent that has fascinated scientists for over four decades. Their exquisite potency, unique mechanism of action, and efficacy in multidrug-resistant tumour models makes them attractive to medicinal chemists and drug hunters. However, despite great advances in fine-tuning biological activity through structure-activity relationship studies (SARS), no duocarmycin-based therapeutic has reached clinical approval. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising strategies currently used and include both tumour-targeted prodrug approaches and antibody-directed technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Jukes
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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14
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Bart AG, Scott EE. Structures of human cytochrome P450 1A1 with bergamottin and erlotinib reveal active-site modifications for binding of diverse ligands. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19201-19210. [PMID: 30254074 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is an extrahepatic enzyme involved in the monooxygenation of structurally diverse compounds ranging from natural products to drugs and protoxins. Because CYP1A1 has a role in human carcinogenesis, inhibiting its activity may potentially aid in cancer chemoprevention, whereas utilizing CYP1A1's oxidative activity could help selectively activate anticancer prodrugs. Such potential therapeutic purposes require detailed knowledge of CYP1A1's interactions with potential ligands. Known CYP1A1 ligands also vary substantially in size, and it has not been apparent from a single existing CYP1A1 structure how larger, structurally diverse ligands are accommodated within the enclosed active site. Here, two new X-ray structures with the natural product furanocoumarin bergamottin (at 2.85 Å resolution) and the lung cancer drug erlotinib (3.0 Å) revealed binding orientations consistent with the formation of innocuous metabolites and of toxic metabolites, respectively. They also disclosed local changes in the roof of the active site that enlarge the active site and ultimately form a channel to the protein exterior. Although further structural modifications would be required to accommodate the largest CYP1A1 ligands, knowing which components of the active site are malleable provides powerful information for those attempting to use computational approaches to predict compound binding and substrate metabolism by this clinically relevant monooxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily E Scott
- From the Program in Biophysics and .,Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and.,Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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15
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Baker SC, Arlt VM, Indra R, Joel M, Stiborová M, Eardley I, Ahmad N, Otto W, Burger M, Rubenwolf P, Phillips DH, Southgate J. Differentiation-associated urothelial cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase predicates the xenobiotic-metabolizing activity of "luminal" muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:606-618. [PMID: 29323757 PMCID: PMC5900743 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Extra-hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics by epithelial tissues has evolved as a self-defence mechanism but has potential to contribute to the local activation of carcinogens. Bladder epithelium (urothelium) is bathed in excreted urinary toxicants and pro-carcinogens. This study reveals how differentiation affects cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity and the role of NADPH:P450 oxidoreductase (POR). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 transcripts were inducible in normal human urothelial (NHU) cells maintained in both undifferentiated and functional barrier-forming differentiated states in vitro. However, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) activity, the generation of reactive BaP metabolites and BaP-DNA adducts, were predominantly detected in differentiated NHU cell cultures. This gain-of-function was attributable to the expression of POR, an essential electron donor for all CYPs, which was significantly upregulated as part of urothelial differentiation. Immunohistology of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) revealed significant overall suppression of POR expression. Stratification of MIBC biopsies into "luminal" and "basal" groups, based on GATA3 and cytokeratin 5/6 labeling, showed POR over-expression by a subgroup of the differentiated luminal tumors. In bladder cancer cell lines, CYP1-activity was undetectable/low in basal PORlo T24 and SCaBER cells and higher in the luminal POR over-expressing RT4 and RT112 cells than in differentiated NHU cells, indicating that CYP-function is related to differentiation status in bladder cancers. This study establishes POR as a predictive biomarker of metabolic potential. This has implications in bladder carcinogenesis for the hepatic versus local activation of carcinogens and as a functional predictor of the potential for MIBC to respond to prodrug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C. Baker
- Jack Birch Unit of Molecular CarcinogenesisDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic SciencesMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonFranklin‐Wilkins BuildingLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in Partnership with Public Health EnglandFranklin‐Wilkins BuildingLondonUK
| | - Radek Indra
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiochemistryCharles UniversityAlbertovPragueCzech Republic
| | - Madeleine Joel
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic SciencesMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonFranklin‐Wilkins BuildingLondonUK
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiochemistryCharles UniversityAlbertovPragueCzech Republic
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of UrologyRegensburg University Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Burger
- Department of UrologyRegensburg University Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
- Department of UrologyFrankfurt University Medical Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Peter Rubenwolf
- Department of UrologyRegensburg University Medical CentreRegensburgGermany
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic SciencesMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthKing's College LondonFranklin‐Wilkins BuildingLondonUK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in Partnership with Public Health EnglandFranklin‐Wilkins BuildingLondonUK
| | - Jennifer Southgate
- Jack Birch Unit of Molecular CarcinogenesisDepartment of BiologyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK
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16
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Errington RJ, Sadiq M, Cosentino L, Wiltshire M, Sadiq O, Sini M, Lizano E, Pujol MD, Morais GR, Pors K. Probing cytochrome P450 bioactivation and fluorescent properties with morpholinyl-tethered anthraquinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1274-1277. [PMID: 29576510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Structural features from the anticancer prodrug nemorubicin (MMDX) and the DNA-binding molecule DRAQ5™ were used to prepare anthraquinone-based compounds, which were assessed for their potential to interrogate cytochrome P450 (CYP) functional activity and localisation. 1,4-disubstituted anthraquinone 8 was shown to be 5-fold more potent in EJ138 bladder cancer cells after CYP1A2 bioactivation. In contrast, 1,5-bis((2-morpholinoethyl)amino) substituted anthraquinone 10 was not CYP-bioactivated but was shown to be fluorescent and subsequently photo-activated by a light pulse (at a bandwidth 532-587 nm), resulting in punctuated foci accumulation in the cytoplasm. It also showed low toxicity in human osteosarcoma cells. These combined properties provide an interesting prospective approach for opto-tagging single or a sub-population of cells and seeking their location without the need for continuous monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Errington
- Tumour MicroEnvironment Group, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Maria Sadiq
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Laura Cosentino
- Tumour MicroEnvironment Group, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Marie Wiltshire
- Tumour MicroEnvironment Group, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Omair Sadiq
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Marcella Sini
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Enric Lizano
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK; Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Gonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria D Pujol
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Gonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Goreti R Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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17
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Mescher M, Haarmann-Stemmann T. Modulation of CYP1A1 metabolism: From adverse health effects to chemoprevention and therapeutic options. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:71-87. [PMID: 29458109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 gene encodes a monooxygenase that metabolizes multiple exogenous and endogenous substrates. CYP1A1 has become infamous for its oxidative metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, converting these chemicals into very potent human carcinogens. CYP1A1 expression is mainly controlled by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a transcription factor whose activation is induced by binding of persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins. Accordingly, induction of CYP1A1 expression and activity serves as a biomarker of AHR activation and associated xenobiotic metabolism as well as toxicity in diverse animal species and humans. Determination of CYP1A1 activity is integrated into modern toxicological concepts and testing guidelines, emphasizing the tremendous importance of this enzyme for risk assessment and regulation of chemicals. Further, CYP1A1 serves as a molecular target for chemoprevention of chemical carcinogenesis, although present literature is controversial on whether its inhibition or induction exerts beneficial effects. Regarding therapeutic applications, first anti-cancer prodrugs are available, which require a metabolic activation by CYP1A1, and thus enable a specific elimination of CYP1A1-positive tumors. However, the application range of these drugs may be limited due to the frequently observed downregulation of CYP1A1 in various human cancers, probably leading to a reduced metabolism of endogenous AHR ligands and a sustained activation of AHR and associated tumor-promoting responses. We here summarize the current knowledge on CYP1A1 as a key player in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous substrates and as a promising target molecule for prevention and treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mescher
- IUF - Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Joshi P, Sonawane VR, Williams IS, McCann GJP, Gatchie L, Sharma R, Satti N, Chaudhuri B, Bharate SB. Identification of karanjin isolated from the Indian beech tree as a potent CYP1 enzyme inhibitor with cellular efficacy via screening of a natural product repository. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:371-382. [PMID: 30108931 PMCID: PMC6083783 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CYP1A1 is thought to mediate carcinogenesis in oral, lung and epithelial cancers. In order to identify a CYP1A1 inhibitor from an edible plant, 394 natural products in the IIIM's natural product repository were screened, at 10 μM concentration, using CYP1A1-Sacchrosomes™ (i.e. microsomal enzyme isolated from recombinant baker's yeast). Twenty-seven natural products were identified that inhibited 40-97% of CYP1A1's 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. The IC50 values of the 'hits', belonging to different chemical scaffolds, were determined. Their selectivity was studied against a panel of 8 CYP-Sacchrosomes™. In order to assess cellular efficacy, the 'hits' were screened for their capability to inhibit CYP enzymes expressed within live recombinant human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells from plasmids encoding specific CYP genes (1A2, 1B1, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4). Isopimpinellin (IN-475; IC50, 20 nM) and karanjin (IN-195; IC50, 30 nM) showed the most potent inhibition of CYP1A1 in human cells. Isopimpinellin is found in celery, parsnip, fruits and in the rind and pulp of limes whereas different parts of the Indian beech tree, which contain karanjin, have been used in traditional medicine. Both isopimpinellin and karanjin negate the cellular toxicity of CYP1A1-mediated benzo[a]pyrene. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations with CYP isoforms rationalize the observed trends in the potency and selectivity of isopimpinellin and karanjin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Joshi
- Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 191 2569111
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
| | - Vinay R Sonawane
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
| | - Ibidapo S Williams
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
- CYP Design Limited, Innovation Centre , 49 Oxford Street , Leicester , LE1 5XY , UK
| | - Glen J P McCann
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
| | - Linda Gatchie
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
- CYP Design Limited, Innovation Centre , 49 Oxford Street , Leicester , LE1 5XY , UK
| | - Rajni Sharma
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
- Natural Product Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
| | - Naresh Satti
- Natural Product Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy , De Montfort University , Leicester , LE1 9BH , UK .
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 191 2569111
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine , Canal Road , Jammu-180001 , India
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19
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Horley NJ, Beresford KJ, Kaduskar S, Joshi P, McCann GJ, Ruparelia KC, Williams IS, Gatchie L, Sonawane VR, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B. ( E )-3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, a heterocyclic chalcone is a potent and selective CYP1A1 inhibitor and cancer chemopreventive agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5409-5414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Verma H, Sharma T, Gupta S, Banerjee BD. CYP1A1 expression and organochlorine pesticides level in the etiology of bladder cancer in North Indian population. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:817-826. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327117734623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The etiology of UBC is multifactorial and includes both exogenous and endogenous factors. Exogenous risk factors include exposure to heavy metals, aromatic amines, and environmental pollutants including pesticides such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Environmental factors alone are incapable of directly producing DNA damage and may require activation by phase I metabolizing enzymes like cytochrome P450 in order to become active carcinogen. The present study is designed to study CYP1A1 gene expression, OCP level in cases of UBC, as well as to explore the plausible role of gene–environment interaction in the etiology of UBC among North Indian population. A total of 60 cases with equal number of controls were enrolled under this study, the OCP levels were estimated using gas chromatography, CYP1A1 mRNA expression was quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and fold change was calculated using the ΔΔCt method. In the present study, the levels of OCP were found to be significantly higher with the upregulation of CYP1A1 mRNA expression among UBC cases as compared to controls. While putting multiple linear regression, it has been observed that there is a significant interaction between the levels of OCPs and ΔCt value of CYP1A1 gene taken into account hematuria episodes as dependent variable. The study concludes that when there is predisposition of OCPs and upregulation of CYP1A1 gene, then the result will be an increment in hematuria episodes which indicates that gene–environment interaction plays a significant role in the causation of UBC among North Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Verma
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - T Sharma
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - BD Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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21
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Fortin S, Charest-Morin X, Turcotte V, Lauvaux C, Lacroix J, Côté MF, Gobeil S, C-Gaudreault R. Activation of Phenyl 4-(2-Oxo-3-alkylimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates Prodrugs by CYP1A1 as New Antimitotics Targeting Breast Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4963-4982. [PMID: 28535350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prodrug-mediated utilization of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 to obtain the selective release of potent anticancer products within cancer tissues is a promising approach in chemotherapy. We herein report the rationale, preparation, biological evaluation, and mechanism of action of phenyl 4-(2-oxo-3-alkylimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates (PAIB-SOs) that are antimicrotubule prodrugs activated by CYP1A1. Although PAIB-SOs are inert in most cells tested, they are highly cytocidal toward several human breast cancer cells, including hormone-independent and chemoresistant types. PAIB-SOs are N-dealkylated into cytotoxic phenyl 4-(2-oxo-3-imidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates (PIB-SOs) in CYP1A1-positive cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, PAIB-SOs are novel chemotherapeutic prodrugs with no equivalent among current antineoplastics and whose selective action toward breast cancer is tailored to the characteristic pattern of CYP1A1 expression observed in a large percentage of human breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fortin
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise , 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Xavier Charest-Morin
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise , 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Vanessa Turcotte
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise , 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Coraline Lauvaux
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Endocrinology and Nephrology Division, CHUL , 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise , 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Marie-France Côté
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise , 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Endocrinology and Nephrology Division, CHUL , 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - René C-Gaudreault
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Oncology Division, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise , 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval , Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
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Pan Y, Ong EC. Cytochrome P450 2W1 (CYP2W1) - ready for use as the biomarker and drug target for cancer? Xenobiotica 2016; 47:923-932. [PMID: 27690753 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1244370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1. This article aims to evaluate the potentials of using cytochrome P450 2W1 (CYP2W1) as a biomarker and a drug target of cancer because of its characteristic cancer-specific expression. 2. Discrepant findings comparing the expression levels of CYP2W1 in cancer and non-cancer samples were reported. In general, the expression followed a developmental pattern. The demethylation status of CpG island and the expression levels of CYP2W1 genes was positively correlated. 3. CYP2W1 was able to activate several procarcinogens, anticancer pro-drugs and to metabolise many endogenous substances including fatty acids and lysophospholipids. 4. CYP2W1 expression level was suggested to serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. The correlation of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2W1 and cancer risk was uncertain. 5. Further characterisation of CYP2W1 structure is suggested to link to its functions. More studies are warranted to reveal the true status and the regulation of CYP2W1 expression across normal and cancer tissues. Catalytic activity of CYP2W1 should be tested on a wider spectrum of endogenous and exogenous substances before its use as the drug target. Larger size of clinical samples can be included to verify the potential of CYP2W1 as the prognostic or cancer risk biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- a Department of Biomedical Science , the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Selangor , Malaysia and
| | - Eng Chin Ong
- b Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
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Dong J, Zhang Q, Cui Q, Huang G, Pan X, Li S. Flavonoids and Naphthoflavonoids: Wider Roles in the Modulation of Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Enzymes. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2102-2118. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Dong
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Qijing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Qing Cui
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Guang Huang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi Province P.R. China
| | - Shaoshun Li
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai P.R. China
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Guo J, Johansson I, Mkrtchian S, Ingelman-Sundberg M. The CYP2W1 enzyme: regulation, properties and activation of prodrugs. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:369-78. [PMID: 27257736 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1188939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CYP2W1 is expressed in the course of development of the gastrointestinal tract, silenced after birth in intestine and colon by epigenetic modifications, but activated following demethylation in colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression levels in CRC positively correlate with the degree of malignancy, are higher in metastases and are predictive of colon cancer survival. The CYP2W1 transcripts have been detected also in hepatocellular carcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, childhood rhabdomyosarcoma and breast cancer; however, here the protein expression remains to be confirmed. The CYP2W1 enzyme has an inverted orientation in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, as compared to other cytochrome P450s and its immediate electron donor is unknown. Several lipid ligands have been proposed as endogenous substrates, among which retinol derivatives appear to have the highest affinities. However, the role of CYP2W1 in the endogenous and tumor localized metabolism of retinol derivatives has yet to be clarified. Indolines constitute high affinity exogenous compounds and specific chloromethylindolines have been shown to be activated by CYP2W1 into cytotoxic products in vitro and also in vivo, inhibiting the growth of human colon tumors in a mouse xenograft model. The CRC specific localization of CYP2W1 and its effective prodrug activation makes it a very promising target for future development of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- a Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Inger Johansson
- a Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Souren Mkrtchian
- a Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- a Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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25
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Sankhwar M, Sankhwar SN, Abhishek A, Gupta N, Rajender S. CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms correlate with an increased risk of urinary bladder cancer in India. Urol Oncol 2016; 34:167.e1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Rodriguez-Torres M, Allan AL. Aldehyde dehydrogenase as a marker and functional mediator of metastasis in solid tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:97-113. [PMID: 26445849 PMCID: PMC4740561 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence indicating that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity selects for cancer cells with increased aggressiveness, capacity for sustained proliferation, and plasticity in primary tumors. However, emerging data also suggests an important mechanistic role for the ALDH family of isoenzymes in the metastatic activity of tumor cells. Recent studies indicate that ALDH correlates with either increased or decreased metastatic capacity in a cellular context-dependent manner. Importantly, it appears that different ALDH isoforms support increased metastatic capacity in different tumor types. This review assesses the potential of ALDH as biological marker and mechanistic mediator of metastasis in solid tumors. In many malignancies, most notably in breast cancer, ALDH activity and expression appears to be a promising marker and potential therapeutic target for treating metastasis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rodriguez-Torres
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alison L Allan
- London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada. .,London Regional Cancer Program, Room A4-132, 790 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 4L6, Canada.
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27
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Go RE, Hwang KA, Choi KC. Cytochrome P450 1 family and cancers. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 147:24-30. [PMID: 25448748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that dimerizes with aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). This complex binds to xenobiotics response element (XREs), and then starts the expressions of downstream genes including cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1 family members: CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1. Role of CYP1 family is involved in the metabolism of endogenous hormones, xenobiotics and drug. The expression of CYP1 family is regulated by estradiol (E2) or xenobiotics in diverse cancers. In breast cancers expressing estrogen receptors (ERs), level of CYP1B1 is increased by E2 and reversed by an estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182,780 or 4-hydrotamoxifen, which indicates that the expression of CYP1 family in downstream region of AhR is regulated by an activation of ERα. In metabolic pathways, E2 is converted into 4-hydroxyestradiol by CYP1B1, which can be converted into mainly estradiol-3,4-quinone, a potential carcinogen, by peroxidase. Increased expression of CYP1 family indicates the possibility of carcinogenesis by exposure of xenobiotics in endometrial and ovarian cancers. Apart from roles of CYP1 family in relation with ER pathway, CYP1 family is over-expressed in ER independent cancers. CYP1A1 exhibits hydroxylase activity in oxidation of arachidonic acid, which has been transformed to 12(R)-hydrxyeicosatetraenoic (HETEs), a potent activator of AhR activity. On the basis of results, phytoestrogens and dexamethasone are provided as cancer therapy regulating the expression of CYP1 family. Thus, this review focuses on the role(s) of CYP1 family in ER-dependent or ER-independent cancers and the potential for cancer therapy to target CYP1 family in these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763,Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763,Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763,Republic of Korea.
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28
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Vinader V, Sadiq M, Sutherland M, Huang M, Loadman PM, Elsalem L, Shnyder SD, Cui H, Afarinkia K, Searcey M, Patterson LH, Pors K. Probing cytochrome P450-mediated activation with a truncated azinomycin analogue. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective cytochrome P450 bioactivation of truncated azinomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sadiq
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics
- University of Bradford
- UK
| | | | - Mengying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | | | - Lina Elsalem
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics
- University of Bradford
- UK
| | | | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | | | - Mark Searcey
- School of Pharmacy
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
| | | | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics
- University of Bradford
- UK
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29
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Pors K, Moreb JS. Aldehyde dehydrogenases in cancer: an opportunity for biomarker and drug development? Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1953-63. [PMID: 25256776 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) belong to a superfamily of 19 isozymes that are known to participate in many physiologically important biosynthetic processes including detoxification of specific endogenous and exogenous aldehyde substrates. The high expression levels of an emerging number of ALDHs in various cancer tissues suggest that these enzymes have pivotal roles in cancer cell survival and progression. Mapping out the heterogeneity of tumours and their cancer stem cell (CSC) component will be key to successful design of strategies involving therapeutics that are targeted against specific ALDH isozymes. This review summarises recent progress in ALDH-focused cancer research and discovery of small-molecule-based inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Jan S Moreb
- Hematological Malignancies, PO Box 100278, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, USA.
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30
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Liu X, Hu L, Ge G, Yang B, Ning J, Sun S, Yang L, Pors K, Gu J. Quantitative analysis of cytochrome P450 isoforms in human liver microsomes by the combination of proteomics and chemical probe-based assay. Proteomics 2014; 14:1943-51. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xidong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun P.R. China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun P.R. China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun P.R. China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun P.R. China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun P.R. China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun P.R. China
| | - Jing Ning
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P.R. China
| | - Shixin Sun
- Asia Pacific Application Support Center; Applied Biosystems; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian P.R. China
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics; School of Life Sciences; University of Bradford; West Yorkshire UK
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education; Jilin University; Changchun P.R. China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun P.R. China
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Expression profile of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes in endometrial tumors. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9549-56. [PMID: 24957043 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes are phase I extrahepatic enzymes involved in the activation of pro-carcinogenic compounds to carcinogenic metabolites. Although differential overexpression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 has been documented at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level, studies that have examined CYP1 expression by enzyme activity assays are limited. In the current study, the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was investigated in a panel of human tumors of endometrial origin by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme activity assays. The data revealed that approximately 36 % (5/14) and 43 % (6/14) of the endometrial tumors overexpressed CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA, whereas in 57 % of the endometrial tumors, CYP1 mRNA levels were downregulated. The mean mRNA levels of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 in endometrial tumors did not show a significant difference compared to normal tissues (p > 0.05). Western blotting confirmed the qRT-PCR results and CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 proteins were shown to be downregulated in 7/14 (50 %) of the tumors and overexpressed in 4/14 (29 %) of the tumors. As regards to enzyme activity, 21 % (3/14) of the endometrial samples revealed elevated CYP1 activity levels across the tumor counterparts. Overall, the data suggest a putative downregulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression in endometrial tumors, whereas overexpression of active CYP1 enzymes in 21 % of the tumors highlights the potential use of the latter enzymes as chemotherapeutic targets in endometrial cancer.
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Chen YZ, Li J, Zhao YX, Liu D, Wang HT, Gao Y, Chen Y. Genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genes and susceptibility to bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4929-40. [PMID: 24718782 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current meta-analysis of case-control studies was conducted to evaluated the relationships of genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genes with the susceptibility to bladder cancer, aiming at determine whether these polymorphisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Related articles were determined via searching the following electronic databases without any language restrictions: PubMed, CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases for relevant articles published before November 1st, 2013. STATA 12.0 software was also selected to deal with statistical data. The relationships were evaluated using the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Eleven case-control studies with a total of 2,609 bladder cancer patients and 2,634 healthy subjects met the inclusion criteria. The results of our meta-analysis demonstrated that CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms were associated with increased risks of bladder cancer (allele model: RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.30, P = 0.001; dominant model: RR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.27, P = 0.003; respectively), especially among 11599G>C, 2455A>G, 3810T>C, and 113T>C polymorphisms. A subgroup analysis by ethnicity was conducted to investigate its effect on susceptibility to bladder cancer. The subgroup analysis results revealed positive significant correlations between CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk among Asians (allele model: RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.10-1.44, P = 0.001; dominant model: RR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.38, P = 0.001), but not among Caucasians (all P < 0.05). Nevertheless, we observed no significant correlations between CYP1B1 genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk (all P > 0.05). Our meta-analysis indicates that CYP1A1 genetic polymorphisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer, especially among 11599G>C, 2455A>G, 3810T>C, and 113T>C polymorphisms. However, CYP1B1 genetic polymorphisms may not be important determinants of bladder cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhi Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Chongshan East Road No. 4, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
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Brown GT, Cash BG, Blihoghe D, Johansson P, Alnabulsi A, Murray GI. The expression and prognostic significance of retinoic acid metabolising enzymes in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90776. [PMID: 24608339 PMCID: PMC3946526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer with over fifty percent of patients presenting at an advanced stage. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for normal cell growth and aberrant retinoic acid metabolism is implicated in tumourigenesis. This study has profiled the expression of retinoic acid metabolising enzymes using a well characterised colorectal cancer tissue microarray containing 650 primary colorectal cancers, 285 lymph node metastasis and 50 normal colonic mucosal samples. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue microarray using monoclonal antibodies which we have developed to the retinoic acid metabolising enzymes CYP26A1, CYP26B1, CYP26C1 and lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) using a semi-quantitative scoring scheme to assess expression. Moderate or strong expression of CYP26A1was observed in 32.5% of cancers compared to 10% of normal colonic epithelium samples (p<0.001). CYP26B1 was moderately or strongly expressed in 25.2% of tumours and was significantly less expressed in normal colonic epithelium (p<0.001). CYP26C1 was not expressed in any sample. LRAT also showed significantly increased expression in primary colorectal cancers compared with normal colonic epithelium (p<0.001). Strong CYP26B1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis (HR = 1.239, 95%CI = 1.104-1.390, χ(2) = 15.063, p = 0.002). Strong LRAT was also associated with poorer outcome (HR = 1.321, 95%CI = 1.034-1.688, χ(2) = 5.039, p = 0.025). In mismatch repair proficient tumours strong CYP26B1 (HR = 1.330, 95%CI = 1.173-1.509, χ(2)= 21.493, p<0.001) and strong LRAT (HR = 1.464, 95%CI = 1.110-1.930, χ(2) = 7.425, p = 0.006) were also associated with poorer prognosis. This study has shown that the retinoic acid metabolising enzymes CYP26A1, CYP26B1 and LRAT are significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer and that CYP26B1 and LRAT are significantly associated with prognosis both in the total cohort and in those tumours which are mismatch repair proficient. CYP26B1 was independently prognostic in a multivariate model both in the whole patient cohort (HR = 1.177, 95%CI = 1.020-1.216, p = 0.026) and in mismatch repair proficient tumours (HR = 1.255, 95%CI = 1.073-1.467, p = 0.004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon T Brown
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Gimenez Cash
- Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Blihoghe
- George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Petronella Johansson
- The Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Ayham Alnabulsi
- Vertebrate Antibodies, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme I Murray
- Pathology, Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Beheshti A, Peluso M, Lamont C, Hahnfeldt P, Hlatky L. Proton irradiation augments the suppression of tumor progression observed with advanced age. Radiat Res 2014; 181:272-83. [PMID: 24568128 DOI: 10.1667/rr13538.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proton radiation is touted for improved tumor targeting, over standard gamma radiation, due to the physical advantages of ion beams for radiotherapy. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrate that in addition to these targeting advantages, proton irradiation can inhibit angiogenic and immune factors critical to "hallmark" processes that impact cancer progression, thereby modulating tumor development. Outside the therapeutic utilization of protons, high-energy protons constitute a principal component of galactic cosmic rays and thus are a consideration in carcinogenesis risk for space flight. Given that proton irradiation modulates fundamental biological processes known to decrease with aging (e.g. angiogenesis and immunogenicity), we investigated how proton irradiation impacts tumor advancement as a function of host age, a question with both therapeutic and carcinogenesis implications. Tumor lag time and growth dynamics were tracked, after injection of murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells into syngeneic adolescent (68 day) vs. old (736 day) C57BL/6 mice with or without coincident irradiation. Tumor growth was suppressed in old compared to adolescent mice. These differences were further modulated by proton irradiation (1 GeV), with increased inhibition and a significant radiation-altered molecular fingerprint evident in tumors grown in old mice. Through global transcriptome analysis, TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 were determined to be key players that contributed to the tumor dynamics observed. These findings suggest that old hosts exhibit a reduced capacity to support tumor advancement, which can be further reduced by proton irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Beheshti
- Center of Cancer Systems Biology, GRI, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02135
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Androutsopoulos VP, Spyrou I, Ploumidis A, Papalampros AE, Kyriakakis M, Delakas D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM. Expression profile of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes in colon and bladder tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82487. [PMID: 24358191 PMCID: PMC3864999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes are involved in carcinogenesis via activation of pro-carcinogenic compounds to carcinogenic metabolites. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 have shown elevated levels in human tumors as determined by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical studies. However studies that have examined CYP1 expression by enzyme activity assays are limited. Results In the current study the expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was investigated in a panel of human tumors of bladder and colorectal origin by qRT-PCR and enzyme activity assays. The results demonstrated that 35% (7/20) of bladder tumors and 35% (7/20) of colon tumors overexpressed active CYP1 enzymes. CYP1B1 mRNA was overexpressed in 65% and 60% of bladder and colon tumors respectively, whereas CYP1A1 was overexpressed in 65% and 80% of bladder and colon tumors. Mean mRNA levels of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 along with mean CYP1 activity were higher in bladder and colon tumors compared to normal tissues (p<0.05). Statistical analysis revealed CYP1 expression levels to be independent of TNM status. Moreover, incubation of tumor microsomal protein in 4 bladder and 3 colon samples with a CYP1B1 specific antibody revealed a large reduction (72.5 ± 5.5 % for bladder and 71.8 ± 7.2% for colon) in catalytic activity, indicating that the activity was mainly attributed to CYP1B1 expression. Conclusions The study reveals active CYP1 overexpression in human tumors and uncovers the potential use of CYP1 enzymes and mainly CYP1B1 as targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis P. Androutsopoulos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- * E- mail:
| | - Ioannis Spyrou
- First Department of Surgery, University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Achilles Ploumidis
- Department of Urology, “Asklipeio” General Hospital, Voula, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Michalis Kyriakakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios Delakas
- Department of Urology, “Asklipeio” General Hospital, Voula, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Sheldrake HM, Travica S, Johansson I, Loadman PM, Sutherland M, Elsalem L, Illingworth N, Cresswell AJ, Reuillon T, Shnyder SD, Mkrtchian S, Searcey M, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Patterson LH, Pors K. Re-engineering of the Duocarmycin Structural Architecture Enables Bioprecursor Development Targeting CYP1A1 and CYP2W1 for Biological Activity. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6273-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Sheldrake
- Institute
of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Sandra Travica
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Johansson
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul M. Loadman
- Institute
of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Mark Sutherland
- Institute
of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Lina Elsalem
- Institute
of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Nicola Illingworth
- Institute
of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | | | - Tristan Reuillon
- Institute
of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Steven D. Shnyder
- Institute
of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
| | - Souren Mkrtchian
- Department of Physiology and
Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177
Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Searcey
- School
of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia,
Norwich Research Park, Norwich
NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | | | | | - Klaus Pors
- Institute
of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K
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Twum EA, Woodman TJ, Wang W, Threadgill MD. Observation by NMR of cationic Wheland-like intermediates in the deiodination of protected 1-iodonaphthalene-2,4-diamines in acidic media. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6208-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41386a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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