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Li Z, Wei J, Chen B, Wang Y, Yang S, Wu K, Meng X. The Role of MMP-9 and MMP-9 Inhibition in Different Types of Thyroid Carcinoma. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093705. [PMID: 37175113 PMCID: PMC10180081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), one of the most investigated and studied biomarkers of the MMPs family, is a zinc-dependent proteolytic metalloenzyme whose primary function is degrading the extracellular matrix (ECM). It has been proved that MMP-9 expression elevates in multiple pathological conditions, including thyroid carcinoma. MMP-9 has a detectable higher level in malignant or metastatic thyroid tumor tissues than in normal or benign tissues and acts as an additional marker to distinguish different tumor stages because of its close correlations with clinical features, such as lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, tumor size and so on. Natural and non-natural MMP-9 inhibitors suppress its expression, block the progression of diseases, and play a role in therapy consequently. MMP-9 inhibitory molecules also assist in treating thyroid tumors by suppressing the proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, viability, adhesion, motility, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and other risk factors of different thyroid cancer cells. In a word, discovering and designing MMP-9 inhibitors provide great therapeutic effects and promising clinical values in various types of thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshengnan Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xianying Meng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Gunder LC, Johnson HR, Yao E, Moyer TH, Green HA, Sherer N, Zhang W, Carchman EH. Topical Protease Inhibitor Decreases Anal Carcinogenesis in a Transgenic Mouse Model of HPV Anal Disease. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041013. [PMID: 37112993 PMCID: PMC10146494 DOI: 10.3390/v15041013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anal cancer is a major health problem. This study seeks to determine if the topical protease inhibitor Saquinavir (SQV), is effective at the prevention of anal cancer in transgenic mice with established anal dysplasia. K14E6/E7 mice were entered into the study when the majority spontaneously developed high-grade anal dysplasia. To ensure carcinoma development, a subset of the mice was treated with a topical carcinogen: 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Treatment groups included: no treatment, DMBA only, and topical SQV with/without DMBA. After 20 weeks of treatment, anal tissue was harvested and evaluated histologically. SQV was quantified in the blood and anal tissue, and tissue samples underwent analysis for E6, E7, p53, and pRb. There was minimal systemic absorption of SQV in the sera despite high tissue concentrations. There were no differences in tumor-free survival between SQV-treated and respective control groups but there was a lower grade of histological disease in the mice treated with SQV compared to those untreated. Changes in E6 and E7 levels with SQV treatment suggest that SQV may function independently of E6 and E7. Topical SQV decreased histological disease progression in HPV transgenic mice with or without DMBA treatment without local side effects or significant systemic absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Gunder
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Hillary R Johnson
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Evan Yao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Tyra H Moyer
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Heather A Green
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nathan Sherer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 3170 UW Medical Foundation Centennial Building (MFCB), 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Evie H Carchman
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Swami D, Mudaliar P, Bichu YS, Kumar Sahu V, Devarajan S, Basu S, Aich J. Synergistic combination of ritonavir and cisplatin as an efficacious therapy in human cervical cancer cells: a computational drug discovery and in vitro insight. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35818867 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2097312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
HIV-protease inhibitor Ritonavir (RTV) is a clinical-stage drug. We exhibit here the synergistic effect of RTV coupled with cisplatin as potential combination therapy for treatment of cervical cancer. Knowledge about the interaction of RTV with the high-expression signatures in cancer is limited. Therefore, we utilized computational techniques to understand and assess the drug-binding affinity and drug-target interaction of RTV with these altered protein signatures. Computational studies revealed the potential interaction ability of RTV along with few other HIV protease inhibitors against these altered cancer targets. All targets exhibited good affinity towards RTV and the highest affinity was exhibited by CYP450 3A4, PDGFR and ALK. RTV established stable interaction with PDGFR and molecular dynamics simulation confirms their frequent interaction for 300 ns. Control docking of PDGFR with standard PDGFR inhibitor exhibited lower binding affinity when compared with RTV-PDGFR complex. In search of drugs as a part of combination therapy to reduce side effects of Cisplatin, this paper further evaluated the effect of combination of RTV and Cisplatin in cervical cancer cells. We propose several combination models that combines anti-viral drug RTV and standard chemotherapeutic agent, Cisplatin to be synergistic with CI value ranging from of 0.01 to 1.14. These observations suggest that anti-viral compound (RTV) could act synergistically with Cisplatin for cervical cancer therapy. However, further studies are warranted to investigate the combinatorial mode of action of RTV and Cisplatin on different molecular pathways to have a translational outcome in cervical cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanand Swami
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Priyanka Mudaliar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Yash Shrinivas Bichu
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishal Kumar Sahu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shine Devarajan
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soumya Basu
- Cancer and Translational Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyotirmoi Aich
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed to Be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Makgoo L, Mosebi S, Mbita Z. Molecular Mechanisms of HIV Protease Inhibitors Against HPV-Associated Cervical Cancer: Restoration of TP53 Tumour Suppressor Activities. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:875208. [PMID: 35620479 PMCID: PMC9127998 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.875208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a Human Papilloma virus-related disease, which is on the rise in a number of countries, globally. Two essential oncogenes, E6 and E7, drive cell transformation and cancer development. These two oncoproteins target two of the most important tumour suppressors, p53 and pRB, for degradation through the ubiquitin ligase pathway, thus, blocking apoptosis activation and deregulation of cell cycle. This pathway can be exploited for anticancer therapeutic interventions, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitors (HIV-PIs) have attracted a lot of attention for this anticancer drug development. HIV-PIs have proven effective in treating HPV-positive cervical cancers and shown to restore impaired or deregulated p53 in HPV-associated cervical cancers by inhibiting the 26S proteasome. This review will evaluate the role players, such as HPV oncoproteins involved cervical cancer development and how they are targeted in HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53 restoration in cervical cancer. This review also covers the therapeutic potential of HIV protease inhibitors and molecular mechanisms behind the HIV protease inhibitors-induced p53-dependent anticancer activities against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Makgoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Zukile Mbita
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Zukile Mbita,
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