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Guerrero-Ochoa P, Rodríguez-Zapater S, Anel A, Esteban LM, Camón-Fernández A, Espilez-Ortiz R, Gil-Sanz MJ, Borque-Fernando Á. Prostate Cancer and the Mevalonate Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2152. [PMID: 38396837 PMCID: PMC10888820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antineoplastic therapies for prostate cancer (PCa) have traditionally centered around the androgen receptor (AR) pathway, which has demonstrated a significant role in oncogenesis. Nevertheless, it is becoming progressively apparent that therapeutic strategies must diversify their focus due to the emergence of resistance mechanisms that the tumor employs when subjected to monomolecular treatments. This review illustrates how the dysregulation of the lipid metabolic pathway constitutes a survival strategy adopted by tumors to evade eradication efforts. Integrating this aspect into oncological management could prove valuable in combating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Guerrero-Ochoa
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Zapater
- Minimally Invasive Research Group (GITMI), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Alberto Anel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Luis Mariano Esteban
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de La Almunia, Institute for Biocomputation and Physic of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50100 La Almunia de Doña Godina, Spain
| | - Alejandro Camón-Fernández
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
| | - Raquel Espilez-Ortiz
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
- Department of Urology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Area of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Jesús Gil-Sanz
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
- Department of Urology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Borque-Fernando
- Health Research Institute of Aragon Foundation, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (P.G.-O.); (A.C.-F.); (R.E.-O.); (M.J.G.-S.)
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica de La Almunia, Institute for Biocomputation and Physic of Complex Systems, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50100 La Almunia de Doña Godina, Spain
- Department of Urology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Area of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Polter EJ, Blaes A, Wolfson J, Lutsey PL, Florido R, Joshu CE, Guha A, Platz EA, Prizment A. Performance of the pooled cohort equations in cancer survivors: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:124-134. [PMID: 37140677 PMCID: PMC11050671 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-023-01379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer survivors may have elevated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Therefore, we tested how accurately the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2013 pooled cohort equations (PCEs) predict 10-year ASCVD risk in cancer survivors. OBJECTIVES To estimate the calibration and discrimination of the PCEs in cancer survivors compared to non-cancer participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. METHODS We evaluated the PCEs' performance among 1244 cancer survivors and 3849 cancer-free participants who were free of ASCVD at the start of follow-up. Each cancer survivor was incidence-density matched with up to five controls by age, race, sex, and study center. Follow-up began at the first study visit at least 1 year after the diagnosis date of the cancer survivor and finished at the ASCVD event, death, or end of follow-up. Calibration and discrimination were assessed and compared between cancer survivors and cancer-free participants. RESULTS Cancer survivors had higher PCE-predicted risk, at 26.1%, compared with 23.1% for cancer-free participants. There were 110 ASCVD events in cancer survivors and 332 ASCVD events in cancer-free participants. The PCEs overestimated ASCVD risk in cancer survivors and cancer-free participants by 45.6% and 47.4%, respectively, with poor discrimination in both groups (C-statistic for cancer survivors = 0.623; for cancer-free participants, C = 0.671). CONCLUSIONS The PCEs overestimated ASCVD risk in all participants. The performance of the PCEs was similar in cancer survivors and cancer-free participants. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Our findings suggest that ASCVD risk prediction tools tailored to survivors of adult cancers may not be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Polter
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, West Bank Office Building, 1300 S 2nd St, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA.
| | - Anne Blaes
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julian Wolfson
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, West Bank Office Building, 1300 S 2nd St, Minneapolis, MN, 55415, USA
| | - Roberta Florido
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Avirup Guha
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wang A, Lazo M, Lu J, Couper DJ, Prizment AE, Vitolins MZ, Denmeade SR, Joshu CE, Platz EA. Liver Fibrosis Scores and Prostate Cancer Risk and Mortality in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2023; 16:523-530. [PMID: 37339266 PMCID: PMC10527661 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical liver impairment due to fibrosis could influence the development and detectability of prostate cancer. To investigate the association between liver fibrosis and prostate cancer incidence and mortality, we included 5,284 men (mean age: 57.6 years, 20.1% Black) without cancer or liver disease at Visit 2 in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Liver fibrosis was assessed using the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, fibrosis 4 index (FIB-4), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS). Over 25 years, 215 Black and 511 White men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and 26 Black and 51 White men died from the disease. We estimated HRs for total and fatal prostate cancer using Cox regression. FIB-4 [quintile 5 vs. 1: HR = 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.77, Ptrend = 0.004] and NFS (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.97, Ptrend = 0.03) were inversely associated with prostate cancer risk in Black men. Compared with no abnormal score, men with ≥1 abnormal score had a lower prostate cancer risk if they were Black (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.24-0.89), but not White (HR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.69-1.58). Liver fibrosis scores did not appear to be associated with fatal prostate cancer in Black or White men. Among men without a clinical diagnosis of liver disease, higher liver fibrosis scores were associated with lower incidence of prostate cancer in Black men, but not in White men, and not with fatal prostate cancer in either race. Further research is needed to understand the influence of subclinical liver disease on prostate cancer development versus detectability and the racial differences observed. PREVENTION RELEVANCE Investigating the link between liver fibrosis and prostate cancer risk and mortality, our study reveals the potential influence of liver health on prostate cancer development and on detection using PSA test, urging further research to understand the differential findings by race and to optimize prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Public and Population Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Community Health and Prevention and the Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jiayun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David J. Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Gillings Hill School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anna E. Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Medical School, University of Minnesota and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mara Z. Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Samuel R. Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corinne E. Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wang YH, Zhang SS, Li HT, Zhi HW, Wu HY. Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury after administration of a red yeast rice supplement: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5547-5553. [PMID: 37637685 PMCID: PMC10450378 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few reports have revealed induction of rhabdomyolysis by a red yeast rice (RYR) supplement or by RYR in combination with abiraterone (an androgen biosynthesis inhibitor). CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old man presented with progressive limb weakness, muscle soreness, and acute kidney injury (AKI). He had been taking the anti-prostate cancer drug abiraterone for 14 mo and had added a RYR supplement 3 mo before symptom onset. After being diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI, the patient discontinued these drugs and responded well to hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. After 23 d of treatment, creatine kinase levels returned to normal and serum creatinine levels decreased. CONCLUSION We speculate that statins, the main lipid-lowering component of RYR, or a combination of statins and abiraterone, will increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Si-Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Tao Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
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Bebo A, Jarmul JA, Pletcher MJ, Hasbani NR, Couper D, Nambi V, Ballantyne CM, Fornage M, Morrison AC, Avery CL, de Vries PS. Coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke polygenic risk scores and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in a diverse, population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285259. [PMID: 37327218 PMCID: PMC10275447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The predictive ability of coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS) polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been evaluated individually, but whether they predict the combined outcome of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains insufficiently researched. It is also unclear whether associations of the CHD and IS PRS with ASCVD are independent of subclinical atherosclerosis measures. 7,286 White and 2,016 Black participants from the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study who were free of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes at baseline were included. We computed previously validated CHD and IS PRS consisting of 1,745,179 and 3,225,583 genetic variants, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association between each PRS and ASCVD, adjusting for traditional risk factors, ankle-brachial index, carotid intima media thickness, and carotid plaque. The hazard ratios (HR) for the CHD and IS PRS were significant with HR of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.36-1.66) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.18-1.45) respectively for the risk of incident ASCVD per standard deviation increase in CHD and IS PRS among White participants after adjusting for traditional risk factors. The HR for the CHD PRS was not significant with an HR of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.79-1.13) for the risk of incident ASCVD in Black participants. The HR for the IS PRS was significant with an HR of 1.26 (95%CI: 1.05-1.51) for the risk of incident ASCVD in Black participants. The association of the CHD and IS PRS with ASCVD was not attenuated in White participants after adjustment for ankle-brachial index, carotid intima media thickness, and carotid plaque. The CHD and IS PRS do not cross-predict well, and predict better the outcome for which they were created than the composite ASCVD outcome. Thus, the use of the composite outcome of ASCVD may not be ideal for genetic risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Bebo
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jamie A. Jarmul
- Gillings School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Pletcher
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Natalie R. Hasbani
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David Couper
- Gillings School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | | | - Myriam Fornage
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
- McGovern Medical School Institute of Molecular Medicine Research Center for Human Genetics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Christy L. Avery
- Gillings School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul S. de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Marrone MT, Prizment AE, Couper D, Butler KR, Astor BC, Joshu CE, Platz EA, Mondul AM. Total-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides with risk of total and fatal prostate cancer in Black and White men in the ARIC study. Prostate 2023. [PMID: 37154584 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol reduction is considered a mechanism through which cholesterol-lowering drugs including statins are associated with a reduced aggressive prostate cancer risk. While prior cohort studies found positive associations between total cholesterol and more advanced stage and grade in White men, whether associations for total cholesterol, low (LDL)- and high (HDL)-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (LDL particle) and A1 (HDL particle), and triglycerides are similar for fatal prostate cancer and in Black men, who experience a disproportionate burden of total and fatal prostate cancer, is unknown. METHODS We conducted a prospective study of 1553 Black and 5071 White cancer-free men attending visit 1 (1987-1989) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. A total of 885 incident prostate cancer cases were ascertained through 2015, and 128 prostate cancer deaths through 2018. We estimated multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of total and fatal prostate cancer per 1-standard deviation increments and for tertiles (T1-T3) of time-updated lipid biomarkers overall and in Black and White men. RESULTS Greater total cholesterol concentration (HR per-1 SD = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.00-1.58) and LDL cholesterol (HR per-1 SD = 1.26; 95% CI = 0.99-1.60) were associated with higher fatal prostate cancer risk in White men only. Apolipoprotein B was nonlinearly associated with fatal prostate cancer overall (T2 vs. T1: HR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.05-2.64) and in Black men (HR = 3.59; 95% CI = 1.53-8.40) but not White men (HR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.65-1.97). Tests for interaction by race were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS These findings may improve the understanding of lipid metabolism in prostate carcinogenesis by disease aggressiveness, and by race while emphasizing the importance of cholesterol control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Marrone
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth R Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Brad C Astor
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Association of Statin Use with the Risk of Incident Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7827821. [PMID: 36561541 PMCID: PMC9767737 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7827821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background With the growth and aging of population, the incidence of prostate cancer will increase year by year, which is bound to bring greater economic burden to the society. There has been greater interest in the anticancer effects of statin in recent years. It is controversial whether statin use is associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to explore the effects of statin use and their duration and cumulative dose on the overall incidence of PCa. Method The study was conducted according to the latest guidelines for PRISMA 2020. We searched PubMed and other databases for studies about the association of statin use with the risk of incident prostate cancer between January 1, 1990, and April 11, 2022. Two independent researchers extracted data and evaluated the quality of the studies. R x64 4.1.2 and random-effects model were used for data statistics. Relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) effective values with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to assess the main results. Results The results of 6 RCT and 26 cohort studies showed that statins did not significantly associate with the incidence of PCa (RR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.82-1.08). The similar results were obtained from 9 case-control studies (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99-1.07). However, statins were associated with a lower risk of Pca (RR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.28-0.70) when the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) was high. Using statins for more than five years could be associated with a reduced incidence of Pca (RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.97). There was a significant heterogeneity in these studies (RCT and cohort study: I 2 = 98%, P < 0.01; case-control study: I 2 = 72%, P < 0.01). Conclusion We concluded that statins had a neutral association with the overall risk of PCa. High cDDD and long duration were associated with a lower risk of PCa.
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Chen F, Wan P, R Wilkens L, Le Marchand L, A Haiman C. The Association of Prediagnostic Statin Use with Aggressive Prostate Cancer from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:999-1005. [PMID: 35506249 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of evidence supporting the protective effect of statins on the risk of prostate cancer, in particular aggressive disease. Past research has mostly been conducted in North American cohorts of White men. METHODS In the multiethnic cohort (MEC), we investigated the association of prediagnostic statin use with the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer across five racial/ethnic groups (White, African American, Japanese American, Latino, and Native Hawaiian). RESULTS Among 31,062 male participants who completed a detailed medication questionnaire, 31.4% reported use of statins, 2,748 developed prostate cancer, and 261 died from the disease. After adjusting for potential confounders, prediagnostic statin use was associated with a 32% lower risk of fatal prostate cancer [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50-0.91], with the inverse association suggested consistently across the five racial/ethnic groups. Moreover, an 11% lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer (95% CI = 0.76-1.03) was observed in statin users than in nonusers. We found no statistically significant association between prediagnostic statin use and total prostate cancer or nonaggressive disease. Prediagnostic statin use was suggestively associated with a 19% reduction in prostate cancer-specific mortality (95% CI = 0.59-1.10) and an 8% reduction in all-cause mortality (95% CI = 0.79-1.07). CONCLUSIONS In the MEC, prediagnostic use of statin was associated with lower risks of aggressive forms of prostate cancer. IMPACT Our findings provide further support for the potential benefits of statins in reducing the risk and mortality of prostate cancer, especially aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Craig EL, Stopsack KH, Evergren E, Penn LZ, Freedland SJ, Hamilton RJ, Allott EH. Statins and prostate cancer-hype or hope? The epidemiological perspective. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:641-649. [PMID: 35732821 PMCID: PMC9705231 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men using cholesterol-lowering statin medications have been found to have lower risks of both advanced and fatal prostate cancer in multiple registry-based studies and prospective cohort studies. Statin use has also been associated with longer survival among men already diagnosed with prostate cancer. Mechanisms responsible for purported anti-cancer effects of statins are not well understood but may offer insight into prostate cancer biology. METHODS We summarise epidemiological data from studies of statins and prostate cancer and discuss to what extent these findings can be interpreted as causal. Additionally, lipid-mediated and non-lipid-mediated mechanisms that may contribute to potential anti-cancer effects of statins are reviewed. Finally, we consider treatment settings and molecular subgroups of men who might benefit more than others from statin use in terms of prostate cancer-specific outcomes. RESULTS Data from prospective observational studies generally reported a lower risk of fatal prostate cancer among statin users. There is some evidence for serum cholesterol-lowering as an indirect mechanism linking statins with advanced and fatal prostate cancer. Window-of-opportunity clinical trials show measurable levels of statins in prostate tissue highlighting potential for direct effects, whilst observational data suggest possible statin-driven modulation of prostate microenvironment inflammation. Additionally, emerging data from registry studies support a potential role for statins within the context of androgen deprivation therapy and anti-androgen treatment. CONCLUSION Prospective and registry-based studies support a lower risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancer in statin users relative to non-users, as well as better outcomes among prostate cancer patients. The few randomised-controlled trials conducted so far have short follow-up, lack identified molecular subgroups, and do not provide additional support for the observational results. Consequently, additional evidence is required to determine which men may experience greatest benefit in terms of prostate cancer-specific outcomes and how statin effects may vary according to molecular tumour characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Craig
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Konrad H. Stopsack
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Emma Evergren
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Linda Z. Penn
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- grid.50956.3f0000 0001 2152 9905Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.410332.70000 0004 0419 9846Section of Urology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Robert J. Hamilton
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Emma H. Allott
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK ,grid.8217.c0000 0004 1936 9705Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Marrone MT, Mondul AM, Prizment AE, Couper D, Barber JR, Chappidi MR, Joshu CE, Platz EA. Lipid-Lowering Drug Use and Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the ARIC Study. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab080. [PMID: 34738072 PMCID: PMC8562700 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid-lowering drugs, particularly statins, are associated with reduced
incidence of certain cancers in some studies. Associations with cancer
mortality are not well studied, and whether associations are similar across
race is unknown. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 12 997 cancer-free participants in the
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who were never users at visit 1
(1987-1989). Ever use, duration of use, and age at first use were modeled as
time-dependent variables using Cox regression to estimate associations with
total, obesity- and smoking-associated, bladder, breast, colorectal, lung,
and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Results We ascertained 3869 cancer cases and 1661 cancer deaths in 237 999 or more
person-years. At 6 years of follow-up, 70.8% of lipid-lowering drug
use was a statin. Compared with never use, ever use was associated with
lower total, obesity- and smoking-associated cancer mortality and with
colorectal cancer mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50, 95%
confidence interval [CI] = 0.32 to 0.79) and incidence (HR =
0.69, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.92). Inverse associations were
consistent by sex and race. Shorter-term use was associated with bladder
cancer incidence in men (<10 years: HR = 1.67, 95% CI
= 1.02 to 2.73). First use at age 60 years or older was inversely
associated with: total mortality, obesity- and smoking-associated mortality,
and colorectal cancer mortality; and total incidence, obesity- and
smoking-associated incidence, and breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer
incidence. Conclusions This study provides additional evidence for inverse associations between
lipid-lowering drug use and cancer incidence and mortality but a positive
association with bladder cancer incidence in men. Evaluation of the impact
of chemoprevention strategies that include lipid-lowering drugs on
population-level cancer burden is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Marrone
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Couper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John R Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meera R Chappidi
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
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11
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Whelton SP, Marshall CH, Cainzos-Achirica M, Dzaye O, Blumenthal RS, Nasir K, McClelland RL, Blaha MJ. Pooled Cohort Equations and the competing risk of cardiovascular disease versus cancer: Multi-Ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 7:100212. [PMID: 34611644 PMCID: PMC8387297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND many of the modifiable variables in the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) are shared risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, which are the two leading causes of death in the United States. We sought to determine the utility of the PCE risk for the synergistic risk prediction of CVD and cancer. METHODS we identified 5,773 participants (61.5 years and 53% women) without baseline CVD or cancer from the Multi-Ethnic study of atherosclerosis. The primary outcome was time to first event of either incident CVD or incident cancer. We calculated competing risk and cause-specific hazard models to examine the association of the PCE groups (<7.5%, 7.5-<20%, ≥20%) with the competing risk of CVD and cancer. RESULTS the rate of incident CVD and cancer was higher with higher PCE risk, but the absolute event rate was low for both CVD and cancer when the PCE risk was <7.5%. Participants with a PCE <7.5% had a higher rate of cancer (4.8) compared to CVD (3.3) per 1000 person-years, while the rate of CVD (11.5) was higher than cancer (8.6) for PCE between 7.5 and <20%. The ratio of CVD to cancer increased in a logarithmic manner and at a PCE risk of approximately 7.2% the risk for CVD and cancer was equal. In adjusted competing risk modeling, a PCE risk of ≥20% compared to <7.5% was associated with a greater risk of both CVD [7.18 (95% CI 5.77-8.94)] and cancer [3.59 (95% CI 2.91-4.43)]. CONCLUSIONS these findings highlight the importance of age and modifiable risk factors for CVD and cancer prevention. In addition, it suggests that the PCE can provide important information for both CVD and cancer risk stratification, which may guide a synergistic approach to screening and preventive therapies for the two leading causes of death in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus P. Whelton
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 524A, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Catherine Handy Marshall
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 524A, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 524A, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 524A, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 524A, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 524A, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Michael J. Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 524A, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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12
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Lifshitz K, Ber Y, Margel D. Role of Metabolic Syndrome in Prostate Cancer Development. Eur Urol Focus 2021; 7:508-512. [PMID: 33994167 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer and metabolic syndrome are common among men in the Western world. As the population grows older and life expectancy increases, the rates of both diseases are expected to increase. We now recognize that metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer interact. Metabolic syndrome may be a risk factor for prostate cancer and may also worsen outcomes. At the same time, treatment for prostate cancer may exacerbate metabolic syndrome and cardiac disease. This mini-review summarizes current evidence and puts it into clinical prospective. PATIENT SUMMARY: Metabolic syndrome is now a global epidemic. It is characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and high blood lipids. There is a complex interaction between metabolic syndrome and the risk of prostate cancer, as treatment of one disease may affect the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaara Ber
- Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - David Margel
- Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Division of Surgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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13
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Lopez DS, Polychronopoulou E, Tsilidis KK, Khera M, Su LJ, Fowke JH, Peek MK, Kuo YF, Markides K, Canfield S. Independent and Joint Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Statins use on the Risk of Prostate Cancer Among White, Black, and Hispanic Men. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:719-728. [PMID: 33879532 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The associations of testosterone therapy (TTh) and statins use with prostate cancer remain conflicted. However, the joint effects of TTh and statins use on the incidence of prostate cancer, stage and grade at diagnosis, and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) have not been studied.We identified White (N = 74,181), Black (N = 9,157), and Hispanic (N = 3,313) men diagnosed with prostate cancer in SEER-Medicare 2007-2016. Prediagnostic prescription of TTh and statins was ascertained for this analysis. Weighted multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated the association of TTh and statins with prostate cancer, including statistical interactions between TTh and statins.We found that TTh (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68-0.81) and statins (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.0.75-0.88) were inversely associated with incident prostate cancer. Similar inverse associations were observed with high-grade and advanced prostate cancer in relation to TTh and statins use. TTh plus statins was inversely associated with incident prostate cancer (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.48-0.60), high-grade (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.37-0.49), and advanced prostate cancer (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.35-0.55). Similar associations were present in White and Black men, but among Hispanics statins were associated with PCSM.Prediagnostic use of TTh or statins, independent or combined, was inversely associated with incident and aggressive prostate cancer overall and in NHW and NHB men. Findings for statins and aggressive prostate cancer are consistent with previous studies. Future studies need to confirm the independent inverse association of TTh and the joint inverse association of TTh plus statins on risk of prostate cancer in understudied populations. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: The study investigates a potential interaction between TTh and statin and its effect on incident and aggressive prostate cancer in men of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. These results suggest that among NHW and non-Hispanic Black men TTh plus statins reduced the odds of incident prostate cancer, high-grade and advance stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Lopez
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
| | - Efstathia Polychronopoulou
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mohit Khera
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - L Joseph Su
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - M K Peek
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Kyriakos Markides
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Steven Canfield
- Division of Urology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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14
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Defever K, Platz EA, Lopez DS, Mondul AM. Differences in the prevalence of modifiable risk and protective factors for prostate cancer by race and ethnicity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cancer Causes Control 2020; 31:851-860. [PMID: 32666408 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-020-01326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer burden is disproportionate by race. Black men have the highest incidence and mortality rates. Rates for Hispanic men are significantly lower than for non-Hispanic Whites. Whether differences in prevalences of modifiable risk and protective factors for prostate cancer may explain these racial/ethnic differences remains unclear. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), which are cross-sectional and nationally representative. We selected factors known or suspected to be associated with prostate cancer and calculated risk scores combining key factors. Age-adjusted means and proportions were calculated for each factor and risk score by race/ethnicity. We estimated odds ratios (OR) using polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS Prevalences of most factors are statistically significantly differed by race/ethnicity. In NHANES III, the prevalence of high risk score (i.e., > 25th percentile for all participants) was lower for all groups (non-Hispanic Black = 59.4%, non-US-born Mexican American = 51.4%, US-born Mexican American = 61.4%) vs. non-Hispanic White men (76.4%). Similar findings were observed for the fatal weighted risk score and for continuous NHANES. CONCLUSIONS Our findings from this nationally representative study suggest that a combination of multiple risk and protective factors may help to explain the lower rates of prostate cancer in Mexican Americans. However, variation in these factors did not explain the higher risk of prostate cancer in non-Hispanic Black men. No one lifestyle change can reduce prostate cancer equally across all racial/ethnic groups, and modifiable factors may not explain the increased risk in black men at all. Secondary prevention strategies may provide the most benefit for black men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Defever
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David S Lopez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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15
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Andersen CJ, Dupree L, Murray K, Ragonesi N, McMullen K, Cintrón-Rivera L, Doerr A. Low-Density Lipoproteins, High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL), and HDL-Associated Proteins Differentially Modulate Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Viability. Lipids 2020; 55:615-626. [PMID: 32558932 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular lipid metabolism, lipoprotein interactions, and liver X receptor (LXR) activation have been implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of cancer, although findings vary across cancer models and by lipoprotein profiles. In this study, we investigated the effects of human-derived low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and HDL-associated proteins apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and serum amyloid A (SAA) on markers of viability, cholesterol flux, and differentiation in K562 cells-a bone marrow-derived, stem-like erythroleukemia cell model of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We further evaluated whether lipoprotein-mediated effects were altered by concomitant LXR activation. We observed that LDL promoted higher K562 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and increased cellular cholesterol concentrations, while LXR activation by the agonist TO901317 ablated these effects. LXR activation in the presence of HDL, apoA1 and SAA-rich HDL suppressed K562 cell viability, while robustly inducing mRNA expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). HDL and its associated proteins additionally suppressed mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL), and the erythroid lineage marker 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), while SAA-rich HDL induced mRNA expression of the megakaryocytic lineage marker integrin subunit alpha 2b (ITGA2B). Together, these findings suggest that lipoproteins and LXR may impact the viability and characteristics of CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Dupree
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
| | - Kristina Murray
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
| | - Nicholas Ragonesi
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
| | - Kaley McMullen
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
| | | | - Adam Doerr
- Department of Biology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, 06824, USA
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16
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Allott EH, Ebot EM, Stopsack KH, Gonzalez-Feliciano AG, Markt SC, Wilson KM, Ahearn TU, Gerke TA, Downer MK, Rider JR, Freedland SJ, Lotan TL, Kantoff PW, Platz EA, Loda M, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E, Sweeney CJ, Finn SP, Mucci LA. Statin Use Is Associated with Lower Risk of PTEN-Null and Lethal Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1086-1093. [PMID: 31754047 PMCID: PMC7056554 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Statins are associated with lower risk of aggressive prostate cancer, but lethal prostate cancer is understudied and contributing mechanisms are unclear. We prospectively examined statins and lethal prostate cancer risk in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), tested associations with molecular subtypes, and integrated gene expression profiling to identify putative mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Our study included 44,126 men cancer-free in 1990, followed for prostate cancer incidence through 2014, with statin use recorded on biennial questionnaires. We used multivariable Cox regression to examine associations between statins and prostate cancer risk overall, by measures of clinically significant disease, and by ERG and PTEN status. In an exploratory analysis, age-adjusted gene set enrichment analysis identified statin-associated pathways enriched in tumor and adjacent normal prostate tissue. RESULTS During 24 years of follow-up, 6,305 prostate cancers were diagnosed and 801 (13%) were lethal (metastatic at diagnosis or metastatic/fatal during follow-up). Relative to never/past use, current statin use was inversely associated with risk of lethal prostate cancer [HR, 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60-0.96] but not overall disease. We found a strong inverse association for risk of PTEN-null cancers (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19-0.87) but not PTEN-intact cancers (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.95-1.48; P heterogeneity = 0.01). Associations did not differ by ERG. Inflammation and immune pathways were enriched in normal prostate tissue of statin ever (n = 10) versus never users (n = 103). CONCLUSIONS Molecular tumor classification identified PTEN and inflammation/immune activation as potential mechanisms linking statins with lower lethal prostate cancer risk. These findings support a potential causal association and could inform selection of relevant biomarkers for statin clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma H Allott
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ericka M Ebot
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konrad H Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas U Ahearn
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Travis A Gerke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mary K Downer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer R Rider
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Sweeney
- Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorelei A Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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17
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Wu Z, Bagarolo GI, Thoröe-Boveleth S, Jankowski J. "Lipidomics": Mass spectrometric and chemometric analyses of lipids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:294-307. [PMID: 32553782 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are ubiquitous in the human organism and play essential roles as components of cell membranes and hormones, for energy storage or as mediators of cell signaling pathways. As crucial mediators of the human metabolism, lipids are also involved in metabolic diseases, cardiovascular and renal diseases, cancer and/or hepatological and neurological disorders. With rapidly growing evidence supporting the impact of lipids on both the genesis and progression of these diseases as well as patient wellbeing, the characterization of the human lipidome has gained high interest and importance in life sciences and clinical diagnostics within the last 15 years. This is mostly due to technically advanced molecular identification and quantification methods, mainly based on mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry has become one of the most powerful tools for the identification of lipids. New lipidic mediators or biomarkers of diseases can be analysed by state-of-the art mass spectrometry techniques supported by sophisticated bioinformatics and biostatistics. The lipidomic approach has developed dramatically in the realm of life sciences and clinical diagnostics due to the available mass spectrometric methods and in particular due to the adaptation of biostatistical methods in recent years. Therefore, the current knowledge of lipid extraction methods, mass-spectrometric approaches, biostatistical data analysis, including workflows for the interpretation of lipidomic high-throughput data, are reviewed in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Wu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Giulia Ilaria Bagarolo
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Thoröe-Boveleth
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Hurwitz LM, Joshu CE, Barber JR, Prizment AE, Vitolins MZ, Jones MR, Folsom AR, Han M, Platz EA. Aspirin and Non-Aspirin NSAID Use and Prostate Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Case Fatality in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:563-569. [PMID: 30487131 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NSAIDs appear to moderately reduce prostate cancer risk. However, evidence is limited on whether NSAIDs protect against prostate cancer mortality (death from prostate cancer among men without a cancer history) and case fatality (death from prostate cancer among men with prostate cancer), and whether benefits are consistent in white and black men. This study investigated associations of aspirin and non-aspirin (NA) NSAID use with prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and case fatality in a population-based cohort of white and black men. METHODS We included 6,594 men (5,060 white and 1,534 black) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study without a cancer history at enrollment from 1987 to 1989. NSAID use was assessed at four study visits (1987-1998). Cancer outcomes were ascertained through 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted HRs, overall and by race. RESULTS Aspirin use was not associated with prostate cancer incidence. However, aspirin use was inversely associated with prostate cancer mortality [HR, 0.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.36-0.96]. This association was consistent among white and black men and appeared restricted to men using aspirin daily and/or for cardiovascular disease prevention. Aspirin use was inversely associated with case fatality (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.22-0.94). NA-NSAID use was not associated with these endpoints. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin use was inversely associated with prostate cancer mortality and case fatality among white and black men. IMPACT If confirmed by additional studies, benefits of aspirin for preventing prostate cancer mortality may need to be factored into risk-benefit calculations of men considering an aspirin regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hurwitz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John R Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mara Z Vitolins
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aaron R Folsom
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Misop Han
- Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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